Taller TRL - PCG

TALLER TRL – PCG
ACTIVIDADES A DESAROLLAR:
1. (TRL 1) – Elaborar Traducción (“a Mano”) y Mapa conceptual del siguiente texto:
https://physionet.org/content/challenge-2016/1.0.0/
Introduction
The 2016 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge aims to encourage the development of algorithms to classify
heart sound recordings collected from a variety of clinical or nonclinical (such as in-home visits)
environments. The aim is to identify, from a single short recording (10-60s) from a single precordial
location, whether the subject of the recording should be referred on for an expert diagnosis.
During the cardiac cycle, the heart firstly generates the electrical activity and then the electrical activity
causes atrial and ventricular contractions. This in turn forces blood between the chambers of the heart
and around the body. The opening and closure of the heart valves is associated with accelerations-
decelerations of blood, giving rise to vibrations of the entire cardiac structure (the heart sounds and
murmurs) [1]. These vibrations are audible at the chest wall, and listening for specific heart sounds can
give an indication of the health of the heart. The phonocardiogram (PCG) is the graphical
representation of a heart sound recording. Figure 1 illustrates a short section of a PCG recording.
Figure 1. A PCG (center tracing), with simultaneously recorded ECG (lower tracing) and the four states of the PCG
recording; S1, Systole, S2 and Diastole.
Four locations are most often used to listen to the heart sounds, which are named according to the
positions where the valves can be best heard:
 Aortic area - centered at the second right intercostal space.

 Pulmonic area - in the second intercostal space along the left sternal border.
 Tricuspid area - in the fourth intercostal space along the left sternal edge.
 Mitral area - at the cardiac apex, in the fifth intercostal space on the midclavicular line.
Fundamental heart sounds (FHSs) usually include the first (S1) and second (S2) heart sounds. S1
occurs at the beginning of isovolumetric ventricular contraction, when the mitral and tricuspid valves
close due to the rapid increase in pressure within the ventricles. S2 occurs at the beginning of diastole
with the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves. While the FHSs are the most recognizable sounds
of the heart cycle, the mechanical activity of the heart may also cause other audible sounds, such as
the third heart sound (S3), the fourth heart sound (S4), systolic ejection click (EC), mid-systolic click
(MC), diastolic sound or opening snap (OS), as well as heart murmurs caused by the turbulent, high-
velocity flow of blood.
The segmentation of the FHSs is a first step in the automatic analysis of heart sounds. The accurate
localization of the FHSs is a prerequisite for the identification of the systolic or diastolic regions,
allowing the subsequent classification of pathological situations in these regions [2]. Challenge
participants could refer to the literature [3-10] for a quick review of previously developed
segmentation methods.
The automated classification of pathology in heart sound recordings has been performed for over 50
years, but still presents challenges. Gerbarg et al were the first researchers to attempt the automatic
classification of pathology in PCGs using a threshold-based method [11], motivated by the need to
identify children with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been the
most widely used machine learning-based approach for heart sound classification. Typical relevant
studies grouped by the signal features as the input to the ANN classifier include: using wavelet
features [12], time, frequency and complexity-based features [13], and time-frequency features [14]. A
number of researchers have also applied support vector machines (SVM) for heart sound classification
in recent years. The studies can also be divided according to the feature extraction methods, including
wavelet [15], time, frequency and time-frequency feature-based classifiers [16]. Hidden Markov
models (HMM) have also been employed for pathology classification in PCG recordings [17,18].
Clustering-based classifiers, typically the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm [19,20], have also been
employed to classify pathology in PGCs. In addition, many other techniques have been applied,
including threshold-based methods, decision trees [21], discriminant function analysis [22,23] and
logistic regression.
Although a number of the current studies for heart sound classification are flawed because of 1) good
performance on carefully-selected data, 2) lack of a separate test dataset, 3) failure to use a variety of
PCG recordings, or 4) validation only on clean recordings, these methods have demonstrated
potential to accurately detect pathology in PCG recordings. In this Challenge, we will focus only on
the accurate classification of normal and abnormal heart sounds, especially when some heart sounds
exhibit very poor signal quality. The Challenge provides the largest public collection of PCG
recordings from a variety of clinical and nonclinical environments, permitting challengers to develop
accurate and robust algorithms.
2. (TRL2) - Realizar informe de VIGILANCIA TECNOLÓGICA en relación a sistemas de Fonocardiografía (PCG)

El informe debe contener las siguientes secciones:
 Introducción (sistemas de fonocardiografía y sus importancia)

 Resumen del Informe reportando los hallazgos de la vigilancia (200 palabras)
 Fuentes de información consultadas
 Plantilla EXCEL de Vigilancia Tecnológica (PATENTES)
 Análisis de la Tecnología según plantilla excel indicando: Principales tecnologías o campos en los que se
está patentando, Principales actores a nivel mundial; empresas, centros de I+D, Universidades. Principales
países donde se desarrolla y/o protege la tecnología.Mapas de relaciones entre actores (Universidades,
empresas, centros de I+D).
 Análisis Científico - Plantilla EXCEL de Vigilancia Tecnológica (ARTÍCULOS CIENTÍFICOS)

 Tendencias en publicaciones científicos (10, 5 años?)
 Principales temáticas de investigación en los que se está publicando.
 Principales actores a nivel mundial; centros de I+D, Universidades.
 Principales países donde se investiga.
 Productos del Mercado
 Conclusiones y recomendaciones de la Vigilancia Tecnológica
3. (TRL3) – Implementar en MATLAB, un “Prototipo Software” para el procesamiento de señales de PCG.
Requerimientos y Entregables del Prototipo Software:
Descripción Requerimiento Evidencia de funcionamiento Entregables

1 Detección automática de sonidos S1 y S2 en Código MATLAB (Script) Reporte de
señales de PCG de la base de Datos – funcional. Debe generar gráficas resultados
Challenge Physionet. de la señal PCG identificando las Código
zonas S1 y S2 en la señal
Link descarga de señales:
https://physionet.org/content/challenge-
2016/1.0.0/#files
2 Estimar automáticamente – Frecuencia Cardiaca Código MATLAB (Script) Reporte de

(FC) funcional. Debe estimar de forma resultados
automática valor de FC desde la Código
señal PCG
3 Calcular y graficar la: heart rate variability (HRV), Código MATLAB (Script) Reporte de
generado a partir de una señal PCG (Investigar) funcional. Debe generar gráficas resultados
de TACOGRAMA Código
4 Incluir un aporte diferencial en el procesamiento Reporte de
de la señal generado por usted resultados
Código
 Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful clinical tool for autonomic function assessment and cardiovascular
diseases diagnosis. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4309304/
4. Desarrollar Ficha Tecnológica Del Prototipo Software.

Ver Imagen del Ejemplo de Ficha Tecnológica de La Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) en l apagina
siguiente …
FICHA TECNOLÓGICA
5. Realizar un PITCH (duración 4 minutos) del prototipo software implementado, utilizando como base las
diapositivas que se anexan.
PITCH: es un discurso simple, contundente y rápido que engloba lo que haces como profesional o los
servicios/productos que ofrece tu negocio. Es un método de comunicación efectiva.
Observación:
Fecha de Entrega y sustentación: Viernes 2 de octubre de 2020
*El trabajo tendrá una nota del 50% del primer corte de la asignatura.
*Entregables – Subir archivos Vía Moodle.

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TALLER TRL – PCG

 Aortic area - centered at the second right intercostal space.

2. (TRL2) - Realizar informe de VIGILANCIA TECNOLÓGICA en relación a sistemas de Fonocardiografía (PCG)

 Introducción (sistemas de fonocardiografía y sus importancia)

 Análisis Científico - Plantilla EXCEL de Vigilancia Tecnológica (ARTÍCULOS CIENTÍFICOS)

Descripción Requerimiento Evidencia de funcionamiento Entregables

2 Estimar automáticamente – Frecuencia Cardiaca Código MATLAB (Script) Reporte de

4. Desarrollar Ficha Tecnológica Del Prototipo Software.

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