Physical Education, Health, Fitness, and Wellness: Procopio B. Dafun, JR

Module 1
PHYSICAL EDUCATION, HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS

Procopio B. Dafun, Jr.
Objectives:
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. To understand and elaborate the precepts of physical education, health, fitness,
and wellness
2. To identify the dimension of wellness
3. To establish the relationship among physical education, health, fitness, and
wellness
4. Explain how reach wellness through lifestyle management; and
5. Accomplish laboratory activities 1.1 and 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________
Definition of Physical Education
According to Bucher and Wuest, Physical Education is an educational process that

uses physical activity as a means to help individuals acquire skills, fitness, knowledge, and
attitudes that contribute to their optimal development and well-being.
 Historically - teaching children and youth in the school setting.
 In the modern time - non-school settings and people of all ages.
 Programs are offered - school, community, worksite, home, hospitals and
clinics, and private or commercial enterprise.
 Involvement in carefully designed programs can enhance HEALTH and
QUALITY OF LIFE of the participants.
 HOPE (Health Optimizing Physical Education) - Using the Physical Education
activities like exercises, sports, dances, and recreational activities as means to
become healthy, fit and well.
Definition of Health
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Health is a state of complete

physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Definition of Fitness
According to the dictionary (Webster), it is the state or condition of being physically

fit and healthy. “Disease and lack of fitness is close related”; it is the quality of being
suitable to fulfill a particular role or task.
1
It is the ability of the body’s system to function efficiently and effectively.
Individuals who are physically fit have the ability to “carry out daily tasks with vigor and
alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and
to meet unforeseen emergencies”. It is a lifestyle that requires self-responsibility to achieve
your maximum potentials.
Components of Physical Fitness:

A. Health-Related Components:
1. Body Composition
The relative percentage of muscle, fat, bone, and other tissues that
comprise the body. A fit person has relatively low, but not too low, percent of
body fat.
2. Cardiovascular Fitness
It is the ability of the hearth, blood vessels, blood and respiratory system
to supply fuel and oxygen to the muscles to utilize fuel to allow sustained
exercise. A fit person can persist in physical activity in relatively long periods
without undue stress.
It is the maximum functional capacity of the cardiorespiratory system to
sustain work or physical activity involving large muscle groups over an extended
period.
3. Muscular Endurance
Ability of a muscle or muscle group to repeat muscular contractions against a
force or to sustain a contraction over time. A fit person can repeat movements for a
long period without undue fatigue.
4. Muscular Strength
Maximum amount of force that can be exerted by a muscle or group of
muscle against a resistance during a single contraction.
5. Flexibility
Ability to move the body joints through a maximum range of motion
without undue strain. It is affected by muscle length, joint structure. It is also
related to body size, gender, age, and physical activity. A fit person can move the
body joints through a full range of motion in work and in play.
B. Skill-Related Components
1. Agility
Ability to rapidly and accurately change the direction of the movement of
the entire body or body parts in space rapidly and accurately with control.
2
Skiing and wrestling are examples of activities that require exceptional agility.
Heredity if the major factor in an individual’s level of agility. It also depends on
strength, speed, coordination, and dynamic balance. It is important in all
activities and sports.
2. Balance
Ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving. Water skiing,
performing on balance beam are activities that require exceptional balance.
3. Coordination
Ability to execute movements smoothly and efficiently.
Ability to use the senses with the body parts to perform motor tasks
smoothly and accurately. Hitting a golf ball, batting a baseball or kicking a ball
are examples of activities that require good coordination.
4. Power
Ability to produce force at a fast speed; a combination of strength and
speed usually applied during short period.
Ability to transfer energy into force. Throwing the disc and putting the
shot are examples of activities that require considerable power.
5. Reaction Time
Time elapsed between the administration of a stimulus and the body’s
response to the stimulus. Driving a racing car and starting a sprint race are
examples of activities that require good reaction time.
6. Speed
Ability to move the body quickly; ability to perform a movement in a
short period of time. A runner on a track team or a wide receiver on a football
team needs a good foot and leg speed.
Definition of Wellness
Wellness is a relatively new concept that expands our idea of health. It is beyond
the simple presence or absence of disease, wellness refers to optimal health and vitality—
to living life to its fullest.
Wellness is determined largely by the decisions you make about how you live. That
same man can reduce his risk of cancer by eating sensibly, exercising, and having regular
screening tests. Even if he develops the disease, he may still rise above its effects to live a
rich, meaningful life. This means choosing not only to care for himself physically but also
to maintain a positive outlook, keep up his relationships with others, challenge himself
intellectually, and nurture other aspects of his life.
3
Enhanced wellness, therefore, involves making conscious decisions to control risk
factors that contribute to disease or injury. Age and family history are risk factors you
cannot control. Behaviors such as not smoking, exercising, and eating a healthy diet are
well within your control.
Dimensions of Wellness:
1. Physical
2. Emotional
3. Intellectual
4. Interpersonal
5. Spiritual
6. Environmental
Other Dimensions:
7. Occupational
8. Financial
Activity: Laboratory 1.1 and 1.2
References:
 http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?
allowed_in_frame=0&search=Physical+education
 https://www.reference.com/education/origin-physical-education-
788c3f27d1d0ac32#
 http://www.finedictionary.com/physical%20education.html
 Foundations of Physical Education and Sports by Bucher and Wuest, pages 1 – 35
 Introduction to Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Sports Studies, 5 th Edition
by Angela Lumpkins, pages 103 – 129
 Physical Education and Sport in Changing Society by William H. Freeman, pages 31-
47
 University of the Philippines, PE 1 Manual

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Module 1

PHYSICAL EDUCATION, HEALTH, FITNESS, AND WELLNESS

Definition of Physical Education

According to Bucher and Wuest, Physical Education is an educational process that

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Health is a state of complete

According to the dictionary (Webster), it is the state or condition of being physically

Components of Physical Fitness:

Activity: Laboratory 1.1 and 1.2

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