PLASTIC MOULD STEEL

BÖHLER M238 BÖHLER M238

HIGH HARD

voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG

www.voestalpine.com/bohler-edelstahl
 BEST
PROPERTIES
THE CLASSIC.
BÖHLER M238 is a hardened and tempered, not corrosion resistant
plastic mould steel. Because of the Ni-addition there is no hardness
decrease in the center of large sizes (up to 600 mm / 23.62 inch). A
special melting technology offers good machinability.

This material is also offered by BÖHLER in the ”High-Hard“-version,

with a significant better wear resistance and edge-stability for improved
tool life.

Maximal offered sizes:

BÖHLER M238: 1250 x 610 mm (49.21 x 24.02 inch)
BÖHLER M238 HH: 1050 x 410 mm (41.34 x 16.14 inch)

BÖHLER M238 Hardened and tempered: 290 – 330 HB

BÖHLER M238 Hardened and tempered: 355 – 395 HB

HIGH HARD

Field of applications
» Large moulds (over 600 mm / 23.62 inch) for plastic processing
» Mould carrier frames for the plastic moulds
» Components for general mechanical engineering and tool manufacture

Chemical composition (average %)

C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo N Additions

0.38 0.30 1.50 2.00 1.10 0.20 ­­– –

DIN-standard: 1.2738 / 40CrMnNiMo8-6-4

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CONDITION OF SUPPLY
Hardened and tempered to 290 – 330 HB or as product- The economic and technological advantages of
version ”High-Hard“ with 355 – 395 HB. General, no heat BÖHLER M238 and BÖHLER M238 HH at a glance:
treatment required. If heat treatment is carried out for special
purposes, e.g. for obtaining an increase in strength, the Higher quality, longer service life and increased safety
following instructions should be observed. » Uniformly high strength at dimension up to 600 mm
(23.62 inch) thickness (HH version up to 400 mm /
ADVANTAGES 15.75 inch)
One steel grade for all requirements: » Optimum mechanical properties
» BÖHLER M238: 290 – 330 HB, » High toughness
max. thickness up to 600 mm (23.62 inch)
» BÖHLER M238 HH: 355 – 395 HB, Higher economy in production and still higher
max. thickness up to 400 mm (15.75 inch) tool quality
» Good machinabilty
» Good electrical discharge machining properties
» Good polishability, especially for the version
”High-Hard“
» Good photoetching properties

BÖHLER PLASTIC MOULD STEEL 3

PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE SAFETY

» Improved machinability allowing higher cutting speed » Good electrical discharge machining properties
and faster feed. This means a higher number of moulds reducing the risk of cracking during production.
per unit of time on your machine tools. » Absence of heat treatment eliminator the risk of
» Good polishability, photoetching properties and material having to be rejected.
discharge machining properties help to save » Good surface finish of the plastic products thanks to
machining time. optimum polishability and photoetching properties.
» High toughness increase the service times of the » Favourable chip shape involving high safety of mould
moulds, i. e. a higher number of plastic components can production in CNC machining centres.
be produced per mould. » Good toughness ensuring high cracking resistance of
the moulds in service.

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MORE EFFICIENT
AND MORE SAFETY
COST REDUCTION BY:

» Improved machinability, shorter machining times, Additional advantages of our hardened and
reduction of tool costs. tempered plastic mould steel BÖHLER M238:
» Condition of supply is hardened and tempered » High through hardenability.
(= operating condition), no heat treatment and » Suited for all nitriding processes serving to improve
cost-intensive subsequent machining operations. wear resistance.
» Suited for hard chromium plating and for every type of
galvanic surface treatment serving to optimise hardness
and corrosion resistance.
» Suited for PVD coating; excellent adhesion conditions
for the TiN-layer.
» For special applications, the material can be subjected
to case hardening.

Additional advantages of BÖHLER M238 HH:

» Improved edge-stability and therefore reduction of
edge-wear of mould-closing-surfaces
» Increased number of products of each mould due to
increased wear resistance
» Improved and faster polishability of moulds

BÖHLER PLASTIC MOULD STEEL 5

BEST
USAGE PROPERTIES
HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERING

Stress relieving: » Slow heating to tempering temperature immediately

» BÖHLER M238: appr. 500 °C (932 °F) after hardening
» BÖHLER M238 HH: appr. 450 °C (842 °F) » Time in furnace 1 hour for each 20 mm (0.79 inch) of
In hardened and tempered condition approx. 30 to 50 °C workpiece thickness, but at least 2 hours / cooling in air.
(86 to 122 °F) below the tempering temperature / » We recommend the tempering twice.
after through heating, hold at temperature in neutral » For information on the average hardness figures obtained
atmosphere for 1 to 2 hours / slow cooling in furnance. after tempering please refer to the tempering chart.

Hardening:
» 840 to 860 °C (1544 – 1580 °F) / oil,
After through soaking, hold for 15 – 30 minutes.
» Obtainable hardness: approx. 54 HRC

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 Tempering chart

60

55

50
Hardness (HRc)

45

40
BÖHLER M238
HIGH HARD
35

30
BÖHLER M238
25

0 (32) 100 (212) 200 (392) 300 (572) 400 (752) 500 (932) 600 (1112) 700 (1292)
Tempering temperature [°C (°F)]
Hardening temperature: 850 °C (1562 °F)
Specimen size: square 50 mm (1.97 inch)

BÖHLER PLASTIC MOULD STEEL 7

SURFACE
TREATMENT
Nitriding Flame and induction hardening
» All nitriding processes are applicable. » Flame or induction hardening is possible.
» Temperature for ”High-Hard“ condition » Obtainable hardness: approx. 50 HRC
only max. 480 °C (896 °F). » Tempering immediately after hardening is
recommended.
Nitriding for BÖHLER M238, standard hardness
Case hardening
700
» Case hardening can be employed for
special applications.
600
Gas nitriding in a stream of ammonia » Carburisation: 880 to 980 °C (1616 – 1796 °F).
50 hours at 520 °C (968 °F)
» Hardening: as indicated before.
Hardness (HRC)

500
» Tempering: average surface hardness after tempering
200 °C (392 °F) = 62 HRC
400
300 °C (572 °F) = 59 HRC
400 °C (752 °F) = 55 HRC
300
Bath nitriding (Tufftride-process) 2 hours at 570 °C (1058 °F)

200

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Distance from the surface (mm)

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Physical properties
20 100 200 300 400 500 ºC
68 212 392 572 752 932 °F

Specific heat capacity 465 491 525 557 595 ­­649 J/kg.K
0.110 0.117 0.125 0.133 0.142 0.155 Btu/lb.°F

Thermal expansion between 20 °C (68 °F) and ... °C – 11.88 12.44 13.00 13.45 13.85 10-6m/m.K
– 6.60 6.91 7.22 7.47 7.69 10-6in/in.°F

Density 7.81 7.78 7.76 7.73 7.69 7.66 kg/dm3

0.282 0.281 0.280 0.279 0.278 0.277 lbs/in3

Modulus of elasticity 212 207 201 194 186 176 103 MPa
30.75 30.02 29.15 28.14 26.97 25.53 103 ksi

Thermal conductivity 35.2 35.7 35.9 35.6 34.8 33.6 W/m.K

20.34 20.63 20.74 20.57 20.11 19.41 Btu/ft h.°F

BÖHLER PLASTIC MOULD STEEL 9

HEAT TREATMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS
Continuous cooling CCT curves
1200
Austenitizing temperature: 840 °C (1544 °F) (2190)

Holding time: 15 minutes 1100

(2010)

1000
(1830)

900
Sample λ HV10 (1650)

800
(1470)
a 0.30 634
Temperature in °C (°F)

700
(1290)
b 1.10 632
600
(1110)
c 3.00 620
500
(930)
d 8.00 599
400
(750)
e 23.00 572
300
(570)
f 65.00 455
200
(390)
g 90.00 433
100
(210)
h 180.00 254
0
(30)
10 –1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6
Time in seconds
2 4 8 15 30 2 5
1 2 4 8 16 10
1 1
Minutes Hours Days

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Quantitative phase diagram
Cooling parameter

A Austenite
B Bainite
M Martensite
P Perlite
Phase percentages

10 –2 10 –1

Oil
1 Surface Air
Diameter, mm

2 Core
3 Jominy test: distance
from the quenched end Water

Cooling time in sec. from 800 °C to 500 °C (1472 °F to 932 °F)

BÖHLER PLASTIC MOULD STEEL 11

 WELDING

Minor machining defects can be remedied and cavity

modifications carried out in the hardened and tempered
condition approx. 1000 N/mm2 (300 HB) under observance
of the given guidelines. Buildups on large surfaces are
possible only in the annealed condition and call for another
hardening and tempering treatment.

In all cases we recommend manual electric arc welding by

use of BÖHLER FOX CM2 Kb electrodes or TIG welding by
use of BÖHLER CM2-IG welding wire. The deposit is
machinable.

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WELDING
RECOMMENDATIONS
Welding guidelines:
» Nitrided and case hardening layers as well as surface » Welding to be carried out without interruption under
cracks in the weld area to be completely ground out. observance of the minimum preheating temperature of
» The absence of cracks to be verified by dye penetrant 300 °C (572 °F);
testing; sharp edges and corners to be avoided in the » After completion of the welding operations, the workpi
weld area. ece is to be cooled slowly in the furnace or covered by
» bevel radii to be at least 3 mm (0.118 inch). thermoinsulating material; then it is to betempered at
» prior to welding, the workpiece is to be preheated slowly 550 to 600 °C (1022 – 1112 °F), ”High-Hard“ condition
and uniformly to 300 to 350 °C (572 – 662 °F), if possible at 480 °C (896 °F).
in a preheating furnace.
» deep grooves resulting from crack removal to be filled
by means of BÖHLER FOX DCMS Kb electrodes or For further information please ask for our ­“Welding in Tool
BÖHLER DCMS-IG welding wire. Making“ leaflet.
» buildup welding to be done with thin electrodes at low
amperages and with low heat input depositing
2 – 3 cm (0.79 – 1.18 inch) long string beads, with
slight weaving.
» Slight peening of each weld bead to reduce
shrinkage stresses.

BÖHLER PLASTIC MOULD STEEL 13

MACHINING
RECOMMENDATIONS
Turning with sintered carbide
Depth of cut mm (inch) 0.5 – 1 (.02 – .04) 1 – 4 (.04 – .16) 4 – 8 (.16 – .31) over 8 (.31)

Feed mm/rev. (inch/rev.) 0.1 – 0.3 (.004 – .012) 0.2 – 0.4 (.008 – .016) 0.3 – 0.6 (.012 – .024) 0.5 – 1.5 (.02 – .06)

BOEHLERIT-grade SB10, SB20 SB10, SB20, EB10 SB30, EB20 SB30, SB40

ISO grade P10, P20 P10, P20, M10 P30, M20 P30, P40

Cutting speed vc (m/min) (f.p.m)

Indexable inserts tool life: 15 min. 220 – 160 (740 – 525) 170 – 120 (560 – 390) 120 – 90 (390 – 295) 80 – 55 (260 – 180)

Brazed carbide tools tool life: 30 min. 160 – 120 (525 – 390) 145 – 95 (475 – 315) 100 – 70 (330 – 230) 80 – 45 (260 – 150)

Coated indexable inserts

BOEHLERIT ROYAL 121 up to 220 (740) up to 190 (625) up to 140 (460) up to 90 (295)

BOEHLERIT ROYAL 131 up to 150 (490) up to 150 (490) up to 110 (360) up to 70 (230)

Tool angles for brazed carbide tools

Rake angle 6° – 12° 6° – 12° 6° – 12°

Clearance angle 6° – 8° 6° – 8° 6° – 8°

Inclination angle 0° -4° -4°

Turning with high speed steel

Depth of cut mm (inch) 0.5 (.02) 3 (.12) 6 (.24)

Feed mm/rev. (inch/rev.) 0.1 (.004) 0.4 (.016) 0.8 (.032)

HSS-grade BÖHLER/DIN S700 / DIN S10-4-3-10

Cutting speed vc (m/min) (f.p.m)

Tool life: 60 min. 30 – 20 (100 – 65) 25 – 15 (80 – 50) 28 – 10 (90 – 35)

Rake angle 14° 14° 14°

Clearance angle 8° 8° 8°

Inclination angle -4° -4° -4°

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Milling with inserted tooth cutter
Feed mm/tooth (inch/tooth) up to 0.2 (.008)

Cutting speed vc (m/min) (f.p.m)

BOEHLERIT SBF/ISO P25 140 – 70 (460 – 230)

BOEHLERIT SB40/ISO P40 90 – 60 (295 – 195)

BOEHLERIT ROYAL 131/ISO P35 100 – 70 (330 – 230)

Drilling with sintered carbide

Drill diameter mm (inch) 3–8 8 – 20 20 – 40

Feed mm/rev. (inch/rev.) 0.02 – 0.05 0.05 – 0.12 0.12 – 0.18

BOEHLERIT/ISO grade HB10 / K10

Cutting speed vc (m/min) (f.p.m) 55 – 40 (180 – 130) 55 – 40 (180 – 130) 55 – 40 (180 – 130)

Point angle 115° – 120° 115° – 120° 115° – 120°

Freiwinkel 5° 5° 5°

Condition H & T 290 – 330 HB

Figures are guidelines only

BÖHLER PLASTIC MOULD STEEL 15

The data contained in this brochure is merely for general information
and therefore shall not be binding on the company. We may be bound
only through a contract explicitly stipulating such data as binding.
Measurement data are laboratory values and can deviate from practical
analyses. The manufacture of our products does not involve the use of
substances detrimental to health or to the ozone layer.

voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG

Mariazeller Straße 25
8605 Kapfenberg, Austria
T. +43/50304/20-6046
F. +43/50304/60-7563
E. [email protected]
www.voestalpine.com/bohler-edelstahl

M238EN – 04.2019