BP Sylab TC

B.Sc.
Biochemistry : Syllabus (CBCS)
THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
DEGREE COURSE
B.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
UNDER CBCS
(with effect from 2008-2009)
The Course of Study and the Scheme of Examinations
Ins. Credit Max. Mark
Hrs/
Year/
Week Exam
Part Subject Paper Title of the Paper
Exam.
Total
Semester Hrs
Uni.
IA
I Year I Language Paper I 6 3 3 25 75 100
I Semester II English Paper I 6 3 3 25 75 100
III Core Paper I Cell Biology 6 4 3 25 75 100
III Core Practical - 3 - - - - -
III Allied Paper I (to choose 1 out of 3) 4 4 3 25 75 100

1. Chemistry I
2. Bio-physics I
3. Bio-instrumentation I
III Allied Practical - 3 - - - - -
IV Environmental Studies 2 2 3 25 75 100
I Year I Language Paper II 6 3 3 25 75 100

II Semester II English Paper II 6 3 3 25 75 100
III Core Paper II Bio-molecules 6 4 3 25 75 100
III Core Practical Practical I 3 4 6 40 60 100
III Allied Paper II (to choose 1 out of 3) 4 4 3 25 75 100
1. Chemistry II
2. Bio-physics II
3. Bio-instrumentation II
III Allied Practical - 3 2 20 30 50
IV Value Education 2 2 50 50
II Year I Language Paper III 6 3 3 25 75 100

III Semester II English Paper III 6 3 3 25 75 100
III Core Paper III Biophysical and Biochemical 3 3 3 25 75 100
Techniques I
III Core Practical 3 - - - - -
III Allied Paper III (to choose 1 out of 3) 4 4 3 25 75 100
1. Zoology I
2. Microbiology I
3. Statistics for Life
Sciences I
1
B.Sc. Biochemistry : Syllabus (CBCS)
Ins. Credit Max. Mark

Hrs/
Year/
Week Exam
Part Subject Paper Title of the Paper
Exam.
Total
Semester Hrs
Uni.
IA
III Allied Practical - 3 - - - - -
IV Skill based Paper I Fundamentals of Computers 3 3 3 25 75 100
Subject I
Non-Major Paper I Diagnostic Biochemistry I 2 2 3 25 75 100
Elective I
II Year I Language Paper IV 6 3 3 25 75 100

IV II English Paper IV 6 3 3 25 75 100
Semester III Core Paper IV Biophysical and Biochemical 3 3 3 25 75 100
Techniques II
III Core Practical Practical II 3 6 6 40 60 100
III Allied Paper IV (to choose 1 out of 3) 4 4 3 25 75 100
1. Zoology II
2. Microbiology II
3. Statistics for Life
Sciences II
III Allied Practical 3 2 3 20 30 50
IV Skill based Paper II Computer Applications 3 3 3 25 75 100
Subject II
Non-Major Paper II Diagnostic Biochemistry II 2 2 3 25 75 100
Elective II
III Year III Core Paper V Enzymes & Intermediary 5 5 3 25 75 100

V Semester Metabolism
III Core Paper VI Genetics and Molecular 4 5 3 25 75 100
Biology
III Core Paper VII Human Physiology & 4 5 3 25 75 100
Nutritional Biochemistry
III Core Practical 5 - - - - -
III Elective 3 - - - - -
Practical
Elective I Paper I Medical Lab Technology I 6 4 3 25 75 100
IV Skill based Paper III Biostatistics I 3 3 3 25 75 100
Subject III
III Year III Core Paper VIII Clinical Biochemistry 6 6 3 25 75 100

VI III Core Paper IX Biotechnology 6 6 3 25 75 100
Semester III Core Practical Practical III 6 9 6 40 60 100
III Elective Medical Lab Technology 3 5 6 40 60 100
Practical
Elective II Paper II Medical Lab Technology II 2 2 3 25 75 100
Elective II Paper II Immunology 4 4 3 25 75 100
IV Skill based Paper IV Biostatistics II 3 3 3 25 75 100
Subject IV
V Extension 1 - - 50
Activities
Total 180 140 3700
2
THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY
B.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
SYLLABUS
UNDER CBCS
(with effect from 2008-2009)
I SEMESTER
PAPER I
CELL BIOLOGY
UNIT-I
An overall view of cells-origin and evolution of cells. Cell theory. Classifications of

cell- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. Composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells. Molecular composition of Cells- Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids,
and Proteins.
UNIT-II
Cell membrane- Fluid Mosaic Model of membrane structure. Membrane proteins and
their properties. Membrane carbohydrates and their role. Transport across
membranes-diffusion, active and passive transport.
UNIT-II
Endoplasmic reticulum - types, structure and functions. Golgi apparatus- structures
and functions. Lysosomes- structure and functions, morphology & functions of
peroxisomes and glyoxysomes, ribosomes - types, structure and functions.
3
UNIT-IV
Mitochondria: Structure and function. Cytoskeleton: Types of filaments and their
functions. Microtubules: Chemistry and function (esp. cilia and flagella)
UNIT-V
Nucleolus-structure and functions. Chromosome-chromatin structure, the cell cycles-
phases of cell cycle. Meiotic and mitotic cell divisions, cell- cell communications, cell
recognition, cell adhesion and cell functions.
References
1. Cell biology structure and functions-David and Sadava, Jones Bartlett publishers.
2. Molecular Cell Biology - Lodish, Berk, Zipursky, Baltimore, Freeman.
3. Cytology-P.S. Verma, V.K. Agarval, S. Chand Publications.
4. Cell Biology-N.Arumugam, Saras Publications.
5. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry-David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Macmillan
Worth Publishers.
6. Biochemistry - Garrett Grishmam. 3’rd edition. International student’s edition.
7. Biochemistry by L . Veerakumari , MJP publishers,Chennai-5.
4
ALLIED I
(to choose any 1 out of the given 3)
PAPER I.1
CHEMISTRY I
UNIT - I
1.1 Extraction of Metals Minerals and Ore difference - Minerals of
Iron, Aluminum and Copper - Ore Dressing or concentration of Ore -
Types of Ore Dressing Froth Floatation and Magnetic separation.
1.2 Refining of Metals - Types of Refining - Electrolytic, Van Arkel and
Zone Refining.
1.3 Extraction of Uranium and Thorium.
UNIT - II
2.1 Cyclo-alkanes preparation properties of Cyclo-hexane -- Bayers strain theory.
2.2 Polarization - Inductive effect, mesomeric effect and steric effect -
(Acid and Base strength.)
2.3 Stereo isomerism - Types, Causes of optical activity of (lactic acid)
and tartaric acid - Racemisation - Resolution - Geometrical isomerism
- maleic and fumaric acid.
UNIT - III
3.1 Chemical Kinetics - Distinction between Order and Molecularity -
derivation of First order rate equation - half life period of first order reaction
- determination of rate constant of hydrolysis of ester
Catalysis - catalyst - auto catalyst - enzyme catalyst - promoters - catalytic
poisoning - Active center - Distinction between homogeneous and
heterogeneous catalysts - Industrial application of catalysts.
3.3 Photochemistry - Grothus Drapers law, stark einsteines law -

quantum yield - photosynthesis, phosphorescence - fluorescence -
chemiluminescence’s - photosensitization.
5
UNIT - IV
4.1 VSEPR Theory - Shapes of Simple Molecules BF3, PCl5, SF6
and XeF6
4.2 Fuels - Calorific value of fuels - Non-conventional fuels - need of
Solar energy - Applications - Bio-fuels.
4.3 Osmosis - Osmotic pressure - reverse osmosis - desalination of sea
water.
UNIT - V
5.1 Nuclear Chemistry - Definition of Half life period - Group displacement
law - Radioactive series. Nuclear Fission and Fusion - Application of nuclear
chemistry in Medicine, agriculture, industries - C14 dating.
5.2 Crude Oil - Petroleum - Petroleum Refining - Cracking - Applications
of Cracking. Naphthalene - Preparations, Properties and uses of Naphthalene -
Structure of Naphthalene.
5.3 Elements of symmetry - unit cell - crystal lattice - types of cubic
lattice - one example for each.
6
PAPER I.2
BIO-PHYSICS I
UNI-I
Introduction: Illustration of Biophysics: Application of Physics and Chemistry in
Biological Sciences. Scientific theory behind the formation of Biomolecules and origin
of life. DNA- carrier of genetic message by an experimental proof. DNA, the master
plan for cell formation and all cell activities. Central Dogma (DNA → RNA →
Protein). An out line of Darwin’s theory of evolution.
UNIT-II
Biophysics, the basis: Biophysics is the basis of Biomolecules and molecular system:
Membrane Biophysics. Nerve cell, bioelectrical and biochemical conduction of nerve
impulses, Membrane potential, resting potential and action potential. Gross
bioelectrical phenomenon of ECG and EEG. Molecular basis of muscle contraction,
ultra structure and / or molecular basis of vision and hearing.
UNIT-III
Acid and bases-Lewis concept of acid and bases, titrable acidity. pH, pOH, buffer, pH
of body fluids, buffers in the body fluids, RBCs and tissues. Measurement of pH by
indicator and glass electrode.
UNIT-IV
Zwitter ion, pH dependent ionization of amino acid and protein. Structure of protein
(primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary). Different types of bonds that stabilize
the protein. Denaturation and renaturation of protein. Behaviour of protein in
solution. Structure and biological function of fibrous protein (keratine, collagen),
globular protein (Hemoglobin, Methhemoglobin).and lipoproteins.
UNIT-V
DNA-double helical structure, Watson-Crick model and base pairing. Fundamental
units of nucleic acid- purine, pyrimidine, nucleosides and nucleotides. Size of DNA,
7
Structure of different type of nucleic acid. Special features of double helical DNA.
A,B and Z types of DNA. Nucleic acid- Denaturation and annealing of DNA.
Synthesis of polynucleotide by Konberg’s enzyme. A brief outline of structure and
role of different types of RNA.
Reference
1. Biophysics-Principles and Techniques-M.A. Subramanian, MJP Publishers, Chennai-5.
2. Biophysics- M.V. Volbenshtein, MIR publishers, Moscow,1983.
3. Aspects of Biophysics-William Hughes, John Willey and Sons, N.Y., 1979.
4. Biophysical Science-L.E.Ackermann, L.B.E. Ellis and Williams, 1979.
5. Biophysics-Concepts and Mechanisms-E.J. Casey, Von Nostrand Reinhold co., N.Y.,
1962.Affiliated to East-West press, New Delhi.
8
PAPER I.3
BIO INSTRUMENTATION I
UNIT-I
Introduction: Introduction of various instrument utilized in Biochemistry, Biomedical
and Bioscience laboratories. Basic electronic principles that operate instrument like
diode, transistors and their uses in amplifier, operational amplifier and its applications
UNIT-II
Eletrophoretic techniques: General principles, factors affecting migration rate-sample,
electrical field,
Buffer, voltage and supporting medium. Electrophoresis with paper, cellulose acetate,
starch, agar and poly acrylamide, SDS-PAGE, Immunoectrophoresis, Tisselius moving
boundary electrophoresis.
UNIT-III
Electrochemical Techniques: Principle of Electrophoretic techniques-Reference
electrode, measurement of pH by hydrogen and glass electrode, ion - selective
electrode and geas sensor. Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) potentials - Principles,
potentiometric titration of oxidation-reduction reactions; Redox dyes and their uses.
Oxygen electrode-principles, operation of a Clark electrode, applications of Oxygen
electrode.
UNIT-IV
Approach to Biochemical investigation: Whole animal studies, isotonic salt solution,
Osmotic pressure and Osmotic balance, perfusion of isolated organs, tissue slice
techniques, methods of using plant and microbial materials, tissue and cell culture-
methods of homogenization of tissues and cell fractionation.
9
UNIT-V
Centrifugal techniques: Basic principle of centrifugation. Differential, density gradient,
isopycnic and equilibrium centrifugation techniques. Preparative and analytical ultra
centrifugation techniques with special reference to determination of molecular weight
of macromolecules (derivation included).
Books Recommended
Practical Clinical Biochemistry - Harold Varley, CBS, New Delhi.
Medical Laboratory Technology-Kanai L. Mukherjee, Tata McGraw Hill.,
Vol. I,II,III.
Clinical Chemistry- Ranjana Chawla.
Laboratory manual in Biochemistry - Jayaraman.
Biochemical methods - S.Sadasivan and Manickam.
Introduction to Practical Biochemistry - David T. Plummer
10
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
(For all UG Degree Courses)
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES: NATURAL

RESOURCES :
Environmental Sciences - Relevance - Significance - Public awareness - Forest resources

- Water resources - Mineral resources - Food resources - conflicts over resource
sharing - Exploitation - Land use pattern - Environmental impact - fertilizer - Pesticide
Problems - case studies.
UNIT-II: ECOSYSTEM, BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION:
Ecosystem - concept - structure and function - producers, consumers and

decomposers - Food chain - Food web - Ecological pyramids - Energy flow - Forest,
Grassland, desert and aquatic ecosystem.
Biodiversity - Definition - genetic, species and ecosystem diversity - Values and uses
of biodiversity - biodiversity at global, national (India) and local levels - Hotspots,
threats to biodiversity - conservation of biodiversity - Insitu & Exsitu.
UNIT-III: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT
Environmental Pollution - Causes - Effects and control measures of Air, Water,

Marine, soil, solid waste, Thermal, Nuclear pollution and Disaster Management -
Floods, Earth quake, Cyclone and Land slides. Role of individuals in prevention of
pollution - pollution case studies.
UNIT-IV: SOCIAL ISSUES - HUMAN POPULATION
Urban issues - Energy - water conservation - Environmental Ethics - Global warming -

Resettlement and Rehabilitation issues - Environmental legislations - Environmental
production Act. 1986 - Air, Water, Wildlife and forest conservation Act - Population
growth and Explosion - Human rights and Value Education - Environmental Health -
HIV/AIDS - Role of IT in Environment and Human Health - Women and child
welfare - Public awareness - Case studies.
11
UNIT-V: FIELD WORK
Visit to a local area / local polluted site / local simple ecosystem - Report submission
REFERENCES
1. KUMARASAMY, K., A.ALAGAPPA MOSES AND M.VASANTHY, 2004.

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, BHARATHIDSAN UNIVERSITY PUB, 1, TRICHY
2. RAJAMANNAR, 2004, ENVIRONEMNTAL STUDIES, EVR COLLEGE PUB,

TRICHY
3. KALAVATHY,S. (ED.) 2004, ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, BISHOP HEBER

COLLEGE PUB., TRICHY
12
II SEMESTER
PAPER II
BIO-MOLECULES
UNIT-I : Carbohydrates
Classification of carbohydrates, stereo isomerism and optical isomerism of sugars,
anomeric form and mutarotation. Occurrence, structure and biological importance of
mono, di and polysaccharide (esp. starch, glycogen and cellulose). An introduction to
mucopolysaccharide (proteo glycon). Reaction of Carbohydrates due to the presence
of hydroxyl, aldehyde and ketone groups.
UNIT-II : Amino acids

Classification and structure of amino acids based on structure. Essential amino acids.
Stereo and optical isomerism. Classification and structure of standard amino acid as
zwitter ion in aqueous solution.
UNIT-III : Proteins
Introduction, classification based on solubility, shape, composition and function.
Structure of proteins-Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. Chemical synthesis
of poly peptide chain and solid phase polypeptide synthesis. Biologically important
peptides-structure and functions (esp. insulin, glutathione, vasopressin).
UNIT-IV : Lipids
Introduction, definition of fatty acids. Classification, nomenclatures, structures,
properties of fatty acids (Essential Fatty Acids) Structure and function of
prostaglandins, tri-acyl glycerol. Structure and functions of phospholipids (esp.
lecithin cephalin, phospotidyl inositol and phospotidyl serine) spingo myelin,
plasmologens. Structure and function of glycolipids, cholesterol.
13
UNIT-V : Nucleic acid

Nature of genetic material, structure of purine and pyrimidine, nucleotide.
Composition of DNA and RNA-Watson crick model of DNA. Types of nucleic acid
(DNA and RNA). Properties of nucleic acid include Tm, denaturation and
renaturation, hypo and hyper chromicity.
References
1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry-David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Macmillan
Worth Publishers.
2. Harper’s Biochemistry-Rober K. Murray, Daryl K. Grammer, McGraw Hill, Lange
Medical Books. 25th edition.
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry-J.L. Jain, Sunjay Jain, Nitin Jain, S. Chand &
Company.
4. Biochemistry-Dr. Amit Krishna De, S. Chand & Co., Ltd.
5. Biochemistry-Dr. Ambika Shanmugam, Published by Author.
6. Biomolecules-C.Kannan , MJP Publishers,Chennai-5.
14
CORE PRACTICAL I
Objectives
1. Students should know the principles, theory and calculations of each experiment.
2. They should know to prepare all the solutions by themselves. They should
standardize their solutions individually.
1. EXPERIMENT INVOLVING TITRIMETRIC PROCEDURES
a. Estimation of amino acids by formal titration.

b. Estimation of ascorbic acid by titrimertic method using 2, 6-dichlorophenol
indophenol.
c. Determination of saponification value of edible oil.
d. Determination of Acid number of edible oil.
e. Estimation of reducing sugar from biological fluids by Benedict’s titrimertic
method.
f. Iodine value of oil.
2. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS.
a. Reactions of simple sugars including glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose,

pentose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, starch, glycogen and dextrin.
b. Reactions of proteins - solubility, Biuret, Millon’s xanthoproteic test, denaturation
by heat, pH change and precipitation by acidic reagents. Color reactions of amino
acids like tryptophan, tyrosine, cystine, methionine, arginine, praline and histidine.
c. Reactions of lipids - solubility, saponification tests for unsaturations, Liebermann
Burchard test for Cholestrol.
15
ALLIED I

PAPER II.1
CHEMISTRY II
UNIT - I
1.1 Co-ordination Chemistry:
Nomenclature of co-ordination compounds - Werner Theory of
Co-ordination Compound - Chelation - Functions and structure of
Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll.
1.2 Industrial Chemistry:

Fertilizers and manures - Bio-fertilizers- Organic Manures and their
importance - Role of NPK in plants - preparation and uses of Urea,
Ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and super phosphate of lime.
1.3 Contents in Match sticks and match box - Industrial making of safety
matches. Preparation and uses of chloroform, DDT, gamhexane and
Freon.
UNIT - II
2.1 Carbohydrates:
Classification - structure of glucose - Properties and uses of starch -
uses of Cellulose Nitrate - Cellulose acetate.
2.2 Amino Acid and Protein:

Classification of Amino Acids - preparation and properties of Glycine -
Classification of Protein based on Physical properties and biological
functions
2.3 Primary and Secondary structures of protein (Elementary Treatment

only) composition of RNA and DNA and their biological role. Tanning
of leather - alum (aluminum tri chloride tanning - vegetable tanning)
16
UNIT - III
3.1 Electro Chemistry:
Specific and equivalent conductivity - their determination - effect of
dilution of conductance.
3.2 Kohlrawsh Law - Determination of dissociation constant of weak
Electrolyte using Conductance measurement - Conductometric
Titrations
3.3 PH and determination by indicator method - Buffer solutions - Buffer
action - Importance of buffer in the living system - Derivation of
Henderson equation.
UNIT - IV
4.1 Paints - Pigments - Components of Paint - Requisites of a good paint.
Colour and Dyes - Classification based on constitution and application.
4.2 Vitamins:
Biological activities and deficiency diseases of Vitamin A, B, C, D, E
and K - Hormones - Functions of insulin and adrenaline.
4.3 Chromatography - Principles and application of column, paper and

thin layer chromatography
UNIT - V
5.1 Drugs- Sulpha Drugs - Uses and Mode of action of Sulpha Drugs -- Antibiotics
- Uses of Penicillin, Chloramphenicaol, streptomycin. Drug abuse and their
implication alcohol - LSD
5.2 Anaesthetics - General and Local Anaesthetics - Antiseptics -

Example and their application. Definition and one example each for
analgesics antipyretics, tranquilizers, sedatives, causes for diabetes,
cancer and AIDS.
5.3 Electrochemical corrosion and its prevention - fuel cells.
17
PAPER II.2
BIO-PHYSICS II
UNIT-I
Colloidal state 1: Size of colloidal particles. Different types of colloidal dispersion (sol,
aerosol, emulsion, foam, gel). Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols. Protective
colloids, gold number. Stability of colloids. Precipitation coagulation, flocculation of
colloidal particles. Colloidal particles of milk and blood with their functions.
UNIT-II
Colloidal state 2: Properties of colloids (surface tension, viscosity, surface absorption,
detergent action, electrical, optical and kinetic properties). Phenomenon of osmosis
and osmo regulation in the body. Electro osmosis, Donnan membrane equilibrium, its
applications - artificial kidney(dialysis of blood). Biophysical and chemical composition
of architecture of biomembrane (esp.cell membrane).
UNIT-III
Determination of molecular weight of macro molecules: By chemical composition,
sedimentation, molecular sieving, light scattering and osmotic pressure methods.
Units of measurement of solutes in solution. eg. Normality, molarity, molality, milli

equivalents and milli osmol, ionic strength. Examples for these concepts.
UNIT-IV
Biophysical basis for gaseous exchange in lungs and tissues partial pressure of CO2
(pCO2) and O2 (pO2). Influence of O2 and CO2 in RBC and body fluids during
respiration. Physiological curve of formation and dissociation of oxyhemoglobin
(HbO2) and carbondioxide hemoglobin (HbCO2). Various physiological factors in
these curves.
18
UNIT-V
Application of Biophysical chemistry in chemical equilibria: Equilibrium constant, Law
of mass action, Lechatlier Braun principle. Some simple system to illustrate chemical
equilibria - formation and dissociation of NH3, HI, CaCO3. Biological application of
chemical equilibria - Acid formation in stomach (hyper acidity and ulcer in stomach
and duodenum) while using medicines like aspirin, paracetamol and antibiotics.
Mechanism of neutralization of acid formed in digestive track by antacid drugs.
Formation of stones in kidney and gall bladder.
Reference
1. Biophysics-Principles and Techniques-M.A. Subramanian, MJP Publishers,
Chennai 5.
2. Biophysics-M.V. Volbenshtein, MIR publishers, Moscow,1983.
3. Aspects of Biophysics-William Hughes, John Willey and Sons, N.Y., 1979.
4. Biophysical Science-L.E.Ackermann, L.B.E. Ellis and Williams, 1979.
5. Biophysics-Concepts and Mechanisms-E.J. Casey, Von Nostrand Reinhold co., N.Y.,
1962.Affiliated to East-West press, New Delhi.
19
PAPER II.3
BIO INSTRUMENTATION II
UNIT-I
Chromatographic techniques: General principles of chromatography. Principles,
operational procedure and applications of paper, thin layer, ion exchange, molecular
sieving, affinity and gas-liquid chromatography. High performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC).
UNIT-II
Instrumental operation based on electromagnetic radiation-I: Basic principle, energy,
wave length, wave number and frequency. Absorbance and emission spectra. Beer-
Lambert’s law, absorption and its transmittance.
UNIT-III
Instrumental operation based on electromagnetic radiation-II: Spectrophotometry-
Principle, instrumentation and application with reference to assay of vitamins like
thamine and riboflavin.
Flame photometry: Atomic absorption and emission spectrophotometry- Principles,
instrumentation and application (Sodium, Potassium analysis).
UNIT-IV
Radio isotope Techniques I: Atomic structure, radiation, type of radio active decay,
half-life, and units of radioactivity. Detection and measurement of radioactivity -
Methods based upon ionization GM counter, excitation (Scintillation counter).
UNIT-V
Radio isotope Techniques II: Auto radiography and isotope dilution techniques.
Application of radio isotopes in the elucidation of metabolic pathways, clinical
scanning and radio dating, radio immuno assay.
Biological hazards of radiation and safety measures in handling radio isotopes.
20
References
1. Biochemical Guide to Principles & techniques of Practical Biochemistry - Keith
Wilson & Kenneth Goulding, Cambridge Presss.
2. Prnciples & Techniques of Practical Biochemistry - Keith Wilson and John Walker,
Cambridge Press.
3. Introduction to Practical Biochemistry - Shawney, Randhir Singh, Narasa Pub,
N.Delhi.
4. Analytical Biochemistry - R.B Turner, Elsevier, N.Y.
5. Biomedical Instrumentation - M. Arumugam, Anuradha agencies, Chennai
6. Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry-Bryan L. Williams & Keith
Wilson, Cambridge Univ. Press.
7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis-Chatwal & Anand, Himalayan Publication.
21
ALLIED PRACTICAL
CHEMISTRY
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
1) Estimation of hydrochloric acid using std. sulphuric acid

2) Estimation of Borax using std sodium carbonate
3) Estimation of sodium hydroxide using std sodium carbonate.
4) Estimation of FeSO4 using std. Mohr salt Solution.
5) Estimation of Oxalic acid using std FeSO4
6) Estimation of FAS using Std oxalic acid
7) Estimation of Fe2+ using diphenylamine / N phenyl anthranilic acid as
indicator.
ORGANIC ANALYSIS:
Reactions of aldehyde (aromatic), carbhohydrate, carboxylic acid (mono and
dicarbox ylic), phenol, aromatic primary amine, amide and diamide. Systematic
analysis of organic compounds containing one functional group and
characterizationsss by confirmatory tests.
22
ALLIED PRACTICAL
BIO-PHYSICS
EXPERIMENTS ON COLLOIDS AND GELS

1. Preparation of lyophylic and lyophobic sols.
2. Preparation and protective action of colloids.
3. Measurement of viscosity of a colloidal sol.
4. Preparation of gel (agar, gelatin or starch) and demonstration of diffusion.
5. Simple experiments involving dialysis.
EXPERIMENTS ON PROPERTIES OF LIQUID

Determination of surface tension and viscosity of water and body fluids (plasma,
blood and C.S F.)
ESTIMATION OF pH.
Determination of pH of biological samples (blood, plasma, urine, saliva), phosphate
buffer by glass electrode.
COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION
1.Estimation of Protein by Biuret method
2.Estimation of amino acids by ninhydrin method
3.Esimation of hemoglobin cyanmethemoglobin method.
Books Recommended
1. Practical Clinical Biochemistry - Harold Varley, CBS, New Delhi.
2. Medical Laboratory Technology-Kanai L. Mukherjee, Tata McGraw Hill.,
Vol. I, II, III
3. Clinical Chemistry- Ranjana Chawla.
23
4. Laboratory manual in Biochemistry - Jayaraman.

5. Biochemical methods - S.Sadasivan and Manickam.
6. Introduction to Practical Biochemistry - David T. Plummer.
24
ALLIED PRACTICAL
BIO-INSTRUMENTATION
Spectrophotometric / Colorimetric Estimation:

1. Estimation of creatinine by Jaffe’s method.
2. Estimation of urea by Diacetyl Monoxime method.
3. Estimation of glucose by O - Toluidine method.
4. Estimation of cholesterol by Zak’s method.
5. Estimation of DNA.
6 Estimation of RNA.
Chromatographic separation:
1. Paper chromatographic separation and detection of amino acids and simple sugars.
2. Chromatographic separation of chlorophyll ii, carotenes of flower, p-igments,
proteins using column.
3. Separation of polar and non-polar lipids any thin layer chromatography.
4. Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE.
Experiments Enzymes
1. Effect of pH, temperature and substrate concentration for amylase and urease.
2. Analysis of serum for Transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) activity and alkaline
phosphatase activity.
References
1. Biochemical Guide to Principles & techniques of Practical Biochemistry - Keith
Wilson & Kenneth Goulding, Cambridge Press.
2. Prnciples & Techniques of Practical Biochemistry - Keith Wilson and John Walker,
Cambridge Press.
25
3. Introduction to Practical Biochemistry - Shawney, Randhir Singh, Narasa Pub,

N.Delhi.
4. Analytical Biochemistry - R.B Turner, Elsevier, N.Y.
5. Biomedical Instrumentation - M. Arumugam, Anuradha agencies, Chennai
6. Principles & Techniques of Practical Biochemistry-Bryan L. Williams & Keith
Wilson, Cambridge Univ. Press.
7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis-Chatwal & Anand, Himalayan Publication.
26
VALUE EDUCATION
(For all UG Degree Courses)
UNIT-I
Value Education - Definition - relevance to present day - Concept of Human Values -
self introspection - Self esteem.
UNIT-II
Family values - Components, structure and responsibilities of family - Neutralization
of anger - Adjustability - Threats of family life - Status of women in family and
society - Caring for needy and elderly - Time allotment for sharing ideas and
concerns.
UNIT-III
Ethical values - Professional ethics - Mass media ethics - Advertising ethics - Influence
of ethics on family life - psychology of children and youth - Leadership qualities -
Personality development.
UNIT-IV
Social values - Faith, service and secularism - Social sense and commitment - Students
and Politics - Social awareness, Consumer awareness, Consumer rights and
responsibilities - Redressal mechanisms.
UNIT-V
Effect of international affairs on values of life/ Issue of Globalization - Modern
warfare - Terrorism. Environmental issues - mutual respect of different cultures,
religions and their beliefs.
27
Reference Books
1. T. Anchukandam and J. Kuttainimathathil (Ed) Grow Free Live Free, Krisitu Jyoti
Publications, Bangalore (1995)
2. Mani Jacob (Ed) Resource Book for Value Education, Institute for Value
Education, New Delhi 2002.
3. DBNI, NCERT, SCERT, Dharma Bharti National Institute of Peace and Value
Education, Secunderabad, 2002.
4. Daniel and Selvamony - Value Education Today, (Madras Christian College,
Tambaram and ALACHE, New Delhi, 1990)
5. S. Ignacimuthu - Values for Life - Better Yourself Books, Mumbai, 1991.
6. M.M.M.Mascaronhas Centre for Research Education Science and Training for
Family Life Promotion - Family Life Education, Bangalore, 1993.
WEBSITES AND e-LEARNING SOURCES:

www.rkmissiondhe/.org/education.html/
www.clallam:;org/lifestyle/education.html/
www.sun.com/../edu/progrmws/star.html/
www.infoscouts.com
www.secretofsuccess.com
www.1millionpapers.com
http://militarlyfinance.umuc.edu/education/edu-network.html/
28
III SEMESTER
PAPER III
BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES I
UNIT-I
Units of measurements of solutes in solution, e.g. Normality, Molality, Molarity, Ionic
strength, Millimoles. Osmosis, Osmotic pressure, Osmolarity and its application.
Concept of isotonic, hyper and hypotonic solution and its importance in biology.
UNIT-II
Concept of pH, pOH, buffer and its application, buffer capacity. Henderson -
Hasselbalch equation and its importance. Buffer in body fluids, Red blood cells, white
blood cells, tissues and its role.
UNIT-III
Principle, instrumentation and applications of hydrogen electrode, glass electrode in
determation of pH. Principle, instrumentation and applications of Clark oxygen
electrode.
UNIT-IV
Principles of electrophoresis, factor affecting electrophoretic mobility - sample,
electric field, supporting medium, composition of buffer. Sodium dodecyl sulphate,
poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) and its application. Determination of
molecular weight of protein by SDS PAGE.
UNIT-V
Principle, methodology and application of immuno electrophoresis. Tiscelius moving
boundary electrophoresis and its application in serum protein separation. Principle,
methods and application of Agarose gel electrophoresis.
29
References :
1. A Biochemical Guide To Principles And The Techniques Of Practical Biochemistry-
Keith Wilson And Kenneth Goulding, Cambridge Press.
2. Principles And Techniques Of Practical Biochemistry- Keith Wilson And John
Walker, Cambridge Press.
3. Introduction To Practical Biochemistry - Shawney, Randhir, Singh, Narasr Pub,
N.Delhi.
4. Analytical Biochemistry - R.B. Turner, Elsevier, N.Y.
5. Biomedical Instrumentation - M. Arumugam, Anuradha Agencies, Chennai.
6. Principles And Techniques Of Practical Biochemistry - Bryan L, Williams And
Keith Wilson, Cambridge Univ, Press.
7. Instrumental Methoods of Analysis - Chatwal And Himalayan Publication.
8. Biophysical Chemistry - Upadhyay and Upadhyay Nath, Himalayan Publication.
30
ALLIED II

PAPER III.1
ZOOLOGY I
Objective :
To study the systemic and functional morphology of invertebrates and
Chordates.
UNIT-I
Study types including Life histories. Protozoa - Entamoeba, Porifera-Sycon.
Coelenterata-Obelia geniculata. Platyhelminthes-Taenia solium
UNIT-II
Annelida-Earthworm, Arthropoda-Prawn, Mollusca-Fresh water mussel,
Echinodermata-Sea Star.
UNIT-III
Chordata-Prochordates , General Characters, Morphology of Amphioxus
Vertebrates : Shark.
UNIT-IV
Type Study Frog and Calotes.
UNIT-V
Type Study Pigeon and Rabbit.
Note : In chordata to study only morphology, digestive system, Respiratory system,

circulatory system and urinogenital system.
31
References :
1. Ayyar, E.K. and T.N. Ananthakrishnan, 1992. Manual of Zoology. Vol.

[Chordata] I & II.S. Viswanathan [Printers and Publisher] Pvt. Ltd.,
Madras, 891p.
2. Kotpal Series, 1988-1992. Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
3. Jordan E.L. and P.S. Verma 1993. Invertebrata Zoology 12th Edition. S.
Chand Co. Ltd., New Delhi
32
PAPER III.2
MICROBIOLOGY I
UNIT-I
Definition and scope of Microbiology, History and Recent Developments,
Spontaneous generation, Biogenesis, Contribution of Louis Pasteur, Leewen Holk,
Lazzarn - Spallanzani, John Tyndall, Joseph Lister, Robert Koch, Microscopy - Simple,
Compound, Light Microscopy Dark ground, Phase contrast, Flurescence and Election
microscopy.
UNIT-II
Five Kingdom consept cell Theory, Binomial Nomendature of microbes, species
concept, classical approach with examples, Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes,
ultra structure and function of cellwall and cell organelles.
UNIT-III
Culture Techniques, Media preparation, Preservation of cultures, Aerobic and
Anaerobic culture techniques, Microbial morphology - wet mount, Hanging drop
staining methods, Dyes, Simple - Differential and Special staining techniques Acid fast
staining spore stain, Capsule stain, staining for met achromatic Granules,
Development of Laboratory Techniques for pure and Mixed culture.
UNIT-IV
Antimicrobial chemotheraphy - Antibiotics - source, classification mode of action -
Antimicrobial resistance - Tests for Sensitivity to Antimircrobial agents and its
Quality control classical techniques of Microbial identification - Morphological,
Physiological and Biochemical properties.
UNIT-V
Measurement of microbial growth Batch and continuous culture, Growth
Determination - Growth curve. Structural characteristics of algae - Cholrella, Fungi -
Mucor and Protozoa - Entamoeba.
33
PAPER III.3
STATISTICS FOR LIFE SCIENCES I

Objective
To apply Statistical Techniques for Bio-Sciences.
UNIT-I
Nature and Scope of statistical methods and their limitations-Collection, Classification,
Tabulation of Statistical data - uses of frequency table -Diagrammatic and Graphical
Representation of Statistical data.
UNIT-II
Measure of Central Tendency-Mean, Median, Mode, and their Merits and Demerits.
UNIT III
Measure of Dispersion - Range, Mean Deviation, Quartile Deviation, Standard
Deviation, Co-Efficient of Variation - Skewness - Karl Pearson’s and Bowley’s
Coefficient of Skewness.
UNIT IV
Events and Sets - Sample Space - Concept of Probability - Addition and Multiplication
Theorem on Probability - Conditional Probability - Independence of Events.
UNIT-V
Bivariate Frequency Table and its Uses - Correlation Analysis-Scatter diagram - Karl
Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient - Spearman’s Rank Correlation - Regression Analysis
- Regression lines - Fitting of Straight line using Method of Least Squares.
Note : The proportion between theory and problems shall be 20:80
34
Books for Reference

1. Sunder Rao - Bio statistics.
2. Zar. J-Bio statistical analysis, Prentice Hall of India.
3. S. C. Gupta of V.K.Kapoor - Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan
&Sons.
4. Scholes, W.L-Statistics for bio logical sciences, Addison Wesley.
5. S. P. Gupta - Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons
6. Lewis, A .E (1971)-Bio-Statistics
7. Daniel : Bio-Statistics, John Wiley & Sons
35
SKILL BASED SUBJECT I
PAPER I
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER
UNIT-I
Computer fundamentals - Introduction, Definition, importance, uses & Advantages.
Binary number system, types of computer, computer language, package, operating
system, network. Difference between computer and human being.
UNIT-II
Classification of computers- digital, analog, hybrid, micro, mini and super computers.
Generation of computer, personal and advance computers and its types. Microsoft
windows- windows fundamental. Managing the file system, printing in windows,
windows accessories, control panel.
UNIT-III
Memory unit- primary and Auxiliary. Computer hardware- Input unit, Central
processing Unit (CPU), output unit, UPS and external modem. MS Word-
Introduction, starting MS Word, Standard menus–file, edit, view, Formatting a text,
layouts, inserting a diagram, graph, page numbers, borders, bullet & numbering,
spelling and grammer, letter and mailing, mail merge, tables and its applications.
UNIT-IV
MS Excel- - Introduction, starting MS excel, creating a worksheet, page setup, print
area, paste special, formula. Insert & formatting- cells, rows, columns and sheets.
Functions, hyperlink, pivot charts, sorting, filters, header and footers, formula bars,
status bar, options and its application.
UNIT-V
MS Power point- - Introduction, power point file types, creating a presentation, using
color schemes, viewing a presentation, managing slide shows , adding pictures,
transaction effects, animations, action setting and action buttons and its application.
Introduction to HTML- program using HTML Tags, application & limitations.
36
References :
1. Computer fundamental, V.K. Jain
2. Working in Microsoft office, Ron Mansfield
3. Multimedia, System design, Prabhat k. Andleigh, Kiran Thakrar.
4. Internet & World Wide Web, third edition, Dietel, Dietel, Gold Berg.
5. programming in C, Balaguru Samy.
37
NON MAJOR ELECTIVE I
PAPER I
DIAGNOSTIC BIOCHEMISTRY I
UNIT-I
Specimen collection and processing (Blood, urine, feaces), anti-coagulant and
preservatives for blood and urine. Transport of specimens.
Units of measurements of solutes in solution, e.g. Normality, Molality, Molarity,
Osmolarity, Ionic strength. Examples of this concept. Osmosis and its application.
Isotonic solution, hyper and hypotonic solution.
UNIT-II
Blood sugar level - factors controlling blood sugar level - hypo, hyper glycemia,
Diabetes mellitus, types - GTT.
UNIT-III
Metabolism of Bilirubin- Jaundice - types differential diagnosis and liver function tests.
UNIT-IV
Renal functional test - clearance test - Urea, Creatinine, Inulin, PAH test,
concentration and dilution test.
UNIT-V
Gastric functional tests - collection of gastric contents, examination of gastric
residues, FTM stimulation test, tubeless gastric analysis.
38
IV SEMESTER
PAPER IV
BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES II
UNIT-I
General principle of chromatography. Partition and adsorption chromatography.
Principle, operation procedure and applications of paper chromatography and their
types. Principle, instrumentation, application of thin layer chromatography, ion
exchange chromatography, and molecular gel exclusion chromatography and its
application in separation of macromolecules.
UNIT-II
Basic principle of centrifugation techniques, sedimentation rate, Svedberg unit/
sedimentation coefficient. Preparative ultracentrifuge, Differential centrifugation,
density gradient centrifugation, rate zonal, isopycnic isodensity, equilibrium isodensity
centrifugation. Analytical ultracentrifuge method - determination of molecular weight
by sedimentation in an ultracentrifuge.
UNIT-III
Basic principle of electromagnetic radiation, energy, wavelength, wave number,
frequency. Absorption and emission spectra. Beer lambert’s law. Basic principle,
instrumentation, application of colorimetry techniques. Principle, instrumentation,
application of UV- visible spectroscopy.
UNIT-IV
Principle, instrumentation of spectrofluorimetry techniques. Principle,
instrumentation, application in atomic absorption spectroscopy. Principle,
instrumentation of flame photometry. Application in analysis of trace elements-
sodium and potassium.
UNIT-V
Radiation, type of radioactive decay, half-life, unit of radioactivity.
Detection and measurement of radioactivity - Methods based upon ionizatiom (GM
Counter), excitation(Scintillation counter).
Autoradiography and isotope dilution techniques.
39
Application of radioisotoptes in the elucidation of metabolic pathyways, clinical

scanning and radio dating, RIA.
Biological hazards of radiation and safety measures in handling radio isotopes.
References :
1. A Biochemical Guide To Principles And The Techniques Of Practical Biochemistry-
Keith Wilson And Kenneth Goulding, Cambridge Press.
2. Principles And Techniques Of Practical Biochemistry- Keith Wilson And John
Walker, Cambridge Press.
3. Introduction To Practical Biochemistry - Shawney, Randhir, Singh, Narasr Pub,
N.Delhi.
4. Analytical Biochemistry - R.B. Turner, Elsevier, N.Y.
5. Biomedical Instrumentation - M. Arumugam, Anuradha Agencies, Chennai.
6. Principles And Techniques Of Practical Biochemistry - Bryan L, Williams And
Keith Wilson, Cambridge Univ, Press.
7. Instrumental Methoods Of Analysis - Chatwal And Himalayan Publication.
8. Biophysical Chemistry - Upadhyay And Upadhyay Nath, Himalayan Publication.
40
CORE PRACTICAL II
1. VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
a. Use of potassium permanganate in the estimation of iron, oxalate and nitrite.
b. Estimation of calcium from biological fluids like blood, milk and urine.
c. Use of potassium permanganate in the standardization of sodiumthiosulphate
and estimation of copper by Iodimetry.
d. Estimation of chloride by Mohr’s method.
e. Estimation of chloride by Volhard’s method.
2. BIOCHEMICAL PREPARATIONS
a. Preparation of Starch from potatoes.
b. Preparation of Casein and Lactalbumin from milk.
c. Preparation of Albumin from egg.
3. PREPARATION OF BUFFERS
Phosphate buffer, Tris buffer and Citrate buffer.
4. Colorimetric Estimation
a) Estimation of inorganic phosphorus by Fiske and Subbarow method.
b) Estimation of Amino acid by Nindyrin method.
c) Estimation of Protein by Biuret method.
41
ALLIED II

PAPER IV.1
ZOOLOGY II
Objective :
To study the principles of Cell biology, Genetics, Developmental Biology, Physiology,
Ecology and Evolution.
UNIT-I
Cell Biology-Structure of animal cell Genetics : Molecular structure of genes - Gene
function. Genetic Engineering and its application, sex linked inheritance.
UNIT-II
Embryogenesis - Cleavage and gastrulation of Amphioxus. Human Physiology :
Excretion - kidney failure and transplantation.
UNIT-III
Diseases of Circulatory system - Blood Pressure, Heart diseases-Ischemia, Myocardial
infarction, Rheumatic heart diseases, Stroke.
UNIT-IV
Pollution - Environmental degradation, methods of sewage treatment, effluents, solid
wastes and recycling process - Green house effect - Global warming - Acid Rain.
UNIT-V
Evolution Theories - Lamarkism & Darwinism.
42
References :
1. Ekambarantha Ayyar, and Ananthakrishnan, T.N. 1993 Outlines of
Zoology, vol I & II Viswanathan and co Madras.
2. Sambasiviah I, Kamalakara Rao. A.P. Augustine Chellappa, S [1983]
Text Book of Animal Physiology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
3.Verma and Agarwal [1983] Text Book of animal Ecology, S. Chand &
Co., New Delhi.
4.Verma and Agarwal and Tyagi [1991] Chordate Embryology S. Chand &
Co. New Delhi.
5.Rastogi and Jayaraj [2000] Text Book of Genetics. Rastogi Publications,
Meerut
6. Verma and Agarwal 2000 Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology,
Evolution and Ecology, S. Chand & Co.
43
PAPER IV.2
MICROBIOLOGY II
UNIT-I
Soil Microbiology - Soil structure, Soil formation, Characterisation of Soil Types and
importance, Biofertilizers.
UNIT-II
Aquatic Microbiology, Sewage Treatment - Physiological and Biological. Microbes in
air, Distribution and Source of Airborne Organisms.
UNIT-III
Food Microbiology, Microbial Spoilage of food, food preservation techniques,
Microbes in Milk and their source, Pasteurisation techniques. Industrial Production -
Pencillin.
UNIT-IV
Morphology, Classification, Characteristics Pathogenecity, Laboratory diagnosis and
prevention of Infections caused by following organisms mycobacteria, dermatophytes,
Hepatitis, Entamoeba histolytica, Antigens - Antibody reactions.
UNIT-V
Biotechnology - Definition of a Gene, structure, Cloning Techniques, Genomic
library. Nan technology - SCP production. Gene Theraphy methods.
44
PAPER IV.3
STATISTICS FOR LIFE SCIENCES II

Objective
To apply Statistical Techniques for Bio-Sciences.
UNIT-I
Concept of Random variables and distributions - standard distributions -Binomial,
Poisson and Normal distributions.
UNIT-II
Concept of sampling distributions-standard error-asymptotic and exact tests based on
normal, t, chi-square and F distributions.
UNIT-III
Principles of Scientific Experimentation- Randomization, Replication and local Control
- Analysis of Variance - One way and Two way Classification - Completely
Randomized Design, Randomized Block Design and Latin Square Design.
UNIT-IV
Non-parametric tests - Run, Median, Sign, Mann - Whitney and Wilcoxon - Signed
Rank Test.
UNIT-V
Introduction to Vital Statistics - Simple Mortality and Fertility Rate-Birth rate and life
Tables.
Note : The proportion between theory and Problems shall be 20:80
45
Book for Reference

1. Sunder Rao-Bio Statistics.
2. Zar.J-Bio Statistical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India.
3. S.C.Gupta of V. K.Kapoor-Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand &
Sons.
4. Scholes, W.l - Statistics for Biological Sciences, Addison Wesley.
5. S. P. Gupta - Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons.
6. Lewis, A .E (1971)-Bio-Statistics.
7. John Fruend : Mathematical Statistics, Prentice Hall of India.
46
ALLIED PRACTICAL
ZOOLOGY
MAJOR PRACTICAL
CD*/Model/Chart - Anatomical observation and comment
Cockroach - Digestive and nervous system.
Frog - Digestive and Urino-genital system. Arterial system & Venous system
MINOR PRACTICAL
Slides / Model / Chart - Identification (draw and label)
1. Body setae of Earthworm
2. Mouth parts of mosquito
3. Mouth parts of Honeybee
4. Any one suitable / relevant vertebrate Brain
5. Placoid scale of shark
Spotters
Entamoeba, Sycon, Obelia, Taenia solium (entire, scolex) earthworm (entire, Pineal
setae) Prawn [entire], Fresh water mussel, Sea star, T.S. of arm of sea star to show
tube feet, shark-entire, Shark [placoid scale] Frog, Calotes Pigeon entire [feather],
Rabbit
Sphygnomanometer
* References :
1. Prof. Baskaran, HOD of Zoology
Iyyanadar Janagiammal College
Sivakasi, Ph.No. 04562 - 254100
2. WWW.Prodissector.Com.
3. WWW.Sciencelass.Com.
4. WWW.ento.vt.edu.
47
ALLIED PRACTICAL
MICROBIOLOGY
1. Clearing of glassware, sterilization techniques.

2. Gram stain, Motility (Hanging drop)
3. Enumeration of soil microbes.
4. Enumeration of sewage microbes.
5. Assessment of milk quality by MBET test.
6. Streak plate, pour plate techniques.
7. Isolation of puncture techniques.
8. Wet mount preparation fungal material.
9. Serial dilation techniques.
10. Slant preparation.
11. Study of SCP, blue greens algee
12. Assessment of Air quality
13. Plant viral diseases like TMV, Tomato milting HIV, Virus structure diseases.
14. Micro photographs in Biotechnology of Microbes and Microbial products
demonstration and identification.
15. Diseases like Tuberculosis, Chorine beefier diphtheria demonstration identification.
16. Medically important pathogens micro photographs demonstration.
17. Root Nodules Rhizobium isolation and identification methods.
48
ALLIED PRACTICAL
STATISTICS FOR LIFE SCIENCES
Note
Use of scientific calculator shall be permitted for practical examination. Statistical and
Mathematical tables are to be provided to the students at the Examination Hall.
1. Construction of Univariate and Bi-Variate distributions with Sample size not
exceeding 100.
2. Graphical and diagrammatic representation of data.
3. Numerical computation of measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion-
measure of Skewness.
4. Fitting of Binomial and Poisson distributions and testing its goodness of fit.
5. Computation of correlation, Rank correlation and Regression equations.
6. Exact test based on t, F and chi-square distributions.
7. Chi-square test for independence of attributes and its applications to biological
studies.
8. Analysis of variance-one way, two way Classification.
9. Completely Randomized Design, Randomized Block Design and Latin Square
Design.
10. Non - parametric tests.
P.S.* The syllabus content involves more of Technical aspects of Statistical methods,
only statistics faculty alone can be appointed as Examiners.
Book for Reference

1. Sunder Rao-Bio statistics.
2. Zar.J-Bio Statistical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India.
3. S.C.Gupta & V. K.Kapoor-Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand &
Sons.
4. Scholes, W.l-Statistics for Bio logical Sciences, Addison Wesley.
5. S. P. Gupta - Statistical Methods.
6. Lewis, A .E (1971)-Bio-statistics.
7. Daniel .E. Bio Statistics, John Wiley.
49
SKILL BASED SUBJECT II
PAPER II
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
UNIT- 1
Operating system - MS DOS, DOS Features, MS DOS opening and closing, DOS
commands, Batch Files. Windows XP- opening and closing, background setting, date
and time adjustment, note pad, word pad, painting. Unix features & commands.
UNIT- 2
Computer Language - Types, Introduction to C and Importance, constants, variables,
data types, declaration of variables. Operators - Arithmetic, relational, logic,
assignment and conditional operators. Introduction to Arrays and pointers.
UNIT -3
Internet - introduction, importance, requirements for internet. Electronic mailing,
chatting, search engine, web pages. Multimedia - introduction, applications,
components and its uses. Multimedia design, multimedia concept.
UNIT-4
Computer maintenance - causes of failure, components failure, temperature and
humidity, dust and other particle, power line problems. computer virus-
introduction, types, symptoms, virus avoiding methods, antivirus programs.
UNIT- 5
Computer application in banking, industries, educational institutions, hospitals,
Research institutions - ISRO, BARC. Network - local area network, wide area network.
Introduction to telecommunication. Downloading software and files, copying
CD/DVD.
50
References :
1. Computer fundamental, V.K. Jain
2. Working in Microsoft office, Ron Mansfield
3. Multimedia, System design, Prabhat k. Andleigh, Kiran Thakrar.
4. Internet & World Wide Web, third edition, Dietel, Dietel, Gold Berg.
5. Programming in C, Balaguru Samy.
51
NON MAJOR ELECTIVE II
PAPER II
DIAGNOSTIC BIOCHEMISTRY II
UNIT-I
Inborn errors of metabolism - Alkaptonuria, Phenyl ketonuria, Cystinuria,
Galactosemia, Fanconi’s syndrome and Albinism.
UNIT-II
Plasma enzymes in diagnosis - Functional and non functional plasma enzymes -
Isoenzymes. Myocardial Infarction, acute pancreatitis, liver diseases and muscle
wasting.
UNIT-III
Cholesterol - importance, Lipoproteins - Factor affecting blood cholesterol -
Atherosclerosis, Risk factor.
UNIT-IV
Iron absorption and excretion - Anemia - classification. Sickle cell anemia and
Talassemia .
UNIT-V
Hormones - Definition and classification- Thyroid hormone- thyroid function test,
male sex hormones and female sex hormone.
References:
1. Clinical chemistry in Diagnosis & Treatment - P.D. Mayne, ELBS/ Arnold, N.Delhi.
2. Clinical chemistry - W.J. Marshall and S.K. Bangert [1995]
3. Textbooks of medicine - K.V. Krishnedas [1996], Jaypee Brothes.
52
4. Principles of internal medicine [1998] - Harrison, T.R. Fauci, Branuwalad and

Isselbaeher, McGraw Hills.
5. Clinical Biochemistry with clinical correlation - Devin, Wiley.
6. Practical clinical biochemistry - Harold Varley, CBS, New Delhi.
7. Medical Laboratory technology - kanai L. Mukherjee, Tata McGraw Hill
Publication and Co. ltd., vol. I, II, III.
8. Clinical chemistry in diagnosis and treatment, Joan F. ZilvaA, PR Pannall, Llyods -
Luke [medical Books ltd., Lon
9. Biochemistry - U.Sathyanarayana & U. Chakrapani, Third edition, Book and Allied
(p) ltd.
10. Text book of medical biochemistry - Fourth edition- MN. Chatterjee, Rana Shine,
jaypee Publisher.
53
V SEMESTER
PAPER V
ENZYMES AND INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
UNIT-I: Enzymes
Definition, units, various classifications, nomenclature, specificity, isoenzymes, factors
affecting enzyme activity - pH, temperature, enzyme concentration. Lock and key
mechanism, Michaelis menten equation, Line weaver Burk plot. Enzyme inhibition -
competitive, Non competitive, Uncompetitive (Concepts with example).
UNIT-II: Carbohydrates metabolism

Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation, High energy compounds.
Glycolysis, Glocogenesis and glycogenolysis, Citric acid cycle, Gluconeogenesis, HMP
shunt.
UNIT-III: Lipid metabolism

Biosynthesis of fatty acid, cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. Degradation of
fatty acids by β- oxidation. Phospholipids and formation of ketone bodies.
UNIT-IV: Protein Metabolism

Degradation of proteins, Oxidative, Non- Oxidative deamination and decarboxylation
of amino acids, Urea Cycle and Creatinine formation.
UNIT-V: Nucleic acid metabolism

Biosynthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, uricotelic and
urotelic system, inhibitors of nucleotides biosynthesis.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Enzymes - Dixon and Webb
2. Understanding enzymes - palmer
3. Enzyme kinetics - Saegel
4. Lehninger’s principles of Biochemistry - Nelson and cox
54
5. Lippincoot’s Biochemistry - P.C. Champe

6. Harper’s Biochemistry - Murray
7. Biochemistry - Voet and Voet
55
PAPER VI
GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOLGY
UNIT-I
Mendelian genetics: Mendel’s laws of inheritance, test cross, back cross and laws
incomplete dominance
UNIT-II
DNA as genetic material, highly repetitive, moderately repetitive and unique DNA
sequences. Types of replication, evidence for semi conservative replication. Replication
in prokaryotes and inhibitors of replication. DNA polymerases I, II, III,
topoisomerases, Okazaki fragments, DNA ligases. Reverse transcriptase, retroviruses,
satellite DNA and Cot value.
UNIT-III
Prokaryotic transcription central dogma, RNA polymerases, role of sigma factor,
initiation, elongation and termination. (Rho - dependent and independent). Inhibitors
of transcription, post transcriptional modification of prokaryotes. Basic concept of
one gene - one enzyme hypothesis.
UNIT-IV
Translational activation of amino acids, initiation, elongation and termination of
protein synthesis in prokaryotes. Inhibitors of protein synthesis. Post translational
modification of proteins. Genetic code - definition, deciphering and silent features of
genetic code, composition of pro and eukaryotic ribosome, structure of t-RNA ,
coding and non coding strands of DNA role of signal peptides.
UNIT - V
DNA repair mechanism-excision, SOS and UV repair. Prokaryotic gene regulation-
Operon, Lac operon , positive and negative control. Gene mutation types, point
mutation, transition transversion frame shift, insertion and deletion.
56
References.
1. Genes VIII 2004. Benjamin Lewin, Oxford Univ press.
2. Cell and Molecular Biology - 3rd Editioin (2002).G Karp. John Wiley and Sons
N.Y
3. Molecular cell biology - David Freifielder 2nd Edition, Narosa publishing House.
4. Lehinger’s principle of Biochemistry (2000), Nelson and Cox.
5. Harper’s Biochemistry - Rober K. Murray, Daryl K.Grammer, McGrawHill, Lange
Medical Books
6. Biochemistry of Nucleicacids - Adam et al
7. Molecular biology - SC Rastogi CBS publishing 2nd Edition
8. Cell biology and Genetics - P.S. Verma and V.K.Agarwal, S. Chand publication
9. Advance molecular cell biology - R.M.Twyman.W.wisden Viva book House Yadav -
Ist Edition 1998.
10. Genetics - Manju yadav Ist Edition 2003, Discovery publishing House.
57
PAPER VII
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT-I: Respiratory and Circulatory System:
Components of transport of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide, Role hemoglobin in
transport. Mechanism of respiration, Chloride shift, Bhor’s effect. Introduction,
function, types, of Circulatory organ. Design of Blood vessels, Blood Flow, blood
pressure, Cardiac muscle, ischemic disease.
UNIT-II: Digestive and excretory system

Components of Digestive system, Digestion, absorption of carbohydrates, protein,
lipids. Mechanism of HCL formation, Role of various enzymes involved in digestive
process. Structure and function of kidney, Mechanism of urine formation,
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
UNIT-III: Endocrine and Nervous System

Brief outline of various endocrine glands and their secretion, physiological role of
hormones. Nervous system - Brain, spinal cord, nerve cells, and nerve fibers. Synapse,
chemical and electrical synapses, nerve impulses, action potential and
neurotransmission.
UNIT-IV: Nutrition and Dietary System

Definition if food nutrition, basic food groups, Physiological role and nutritional
significance of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins and minerals. Protein
malnutrition (Kwashiorkar) and undernutrition (marasmus) and their preventive,
curative measures.
UNIT-V: Nutritive and Calorific Value of Food.

Unit of energy measurements of food stuffs by Bomb colorimeter, calorific value and
RQ of food stuffs. Basic metabolic rate (BMR), its measurements and influencing
factors, SDA of food. Nutritive value of protein, essential amino acid. Composition of
balanced diet for infants, pregnancy and lactating women, old age.
58
Reference
1. Human physiology, 2nd edition- BJ Mejer, HS Meij, AC Meyer, AITBs publishers
abd distributers.
2. Cell physiology by Giese, 5th edition, W.B saunderscompany, Tokyo, Japan.
3. A text book of animal physiology, KA Goel, KV Sastri, Rastogi publications
Meerut.
4. Animal physiology and Biochemistry- RA Agarval, Anil. K, Srivastava, Kausshal
Kumar, S. Chand & Co.
5. A Hand Book of Basic Human physiology- K. Saradha subramanyam, S. Chand &
Co., Ltd.
6. Guide to physiology- Y. Rajakshmi, S. Chand & Co., Ltd.
59
ELECTIVE I
PAPER I
MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY I
UNIT-I: Laboratory care and instrumentation

Code of conduct for laboratory personnel - safety measures in the laboratory-
chemical/Reagents, labelling, storage and usage. First Aid in laboratory accidents -
Precautions and first aid equipments.
UNIT-II: Laboratory equipments.

Working of microscope - Phase contrast, Fluorescence, Electron microscope.
Centrifuge, analytical balance, colorimeter - Usage and care. Glass wares, serological
water bath, incubator.
Reporting laboratory tests and keeping records. Sterilization, preparation of reagents.
General approach to quality control, quality control of quantitative data.
UNIT-III: Urine Analysis

Composition, collection, preservation, gross examination, interfering factors, chemical
examination. Significance of sugar in urine, ketone bodies in urine, bile pigments,
hematuria, uric acid, microscopic examination of the urinary sediment.
UNIT- IV: Stool Examination

Specimen collection- inspection of faeces- odour, pH, Interfering substance. Test for
occult blood, faecal fat, microscopic examination of stool specimen.
UNIT-V: Clinical Hematology

Collection of blood - Anticoagulant, preservation, Estimation of Hb,
PCV<WBC<RBC, Platelets, ESR. Clotting time, bleeding time - normal value, clinical
interpretation. Blood grouping
60
SKILLED BASED SUBJECT III
PAPER III
BIOSTATISTICS I
UNIT-I
Nature and scope of statistical methods and their limitations. Collection, classification,
tabulation of statistical data.. Organization of data - Individual series, discrete series,
continuous series / class interval. Diagrammatic and graphical representation of
statistical data (bar diagram, line diagram, pictogram, histogram & horizontal and
vertical bar diagram).
UNIT-II
Measure of central tendency - Introduction, Characteristics of a good average, Mean,
Median, Mode (Raw, Discrete & Continuous data) Merits and demerits.
UNIT-III
Measure of Dispersion- Introduction, definition, classification & properties. Range -
Introduction, definition, location of range in individual, discrete, continuous series,
merits and demerits of Range. Standard deviation, Variance, Coefficient of Variation.
UNIT- IV
Probability - Introduction, Definition, Kinds of Probabilities. Sample Space - Addition
and Introduction, definition of mean deviation, quartile deviation – simple problems.
Permutation and Combination - Definition, Factorial symbol, formula with example.
UNIT-V
Correlation Analysis - Introduction, Definition, uses, correlation and causation, kinds
of correlation. Types of correlation - Positive and negative, linear and non linear,
simple and multiple, partial and total correlation.
Books for References:
1. Sundar Rao - Biostatistics.

2. Daniel - Biostatistics, John wiley & sons
3. Lewis, A. E (1971) - Biostatistics
4. Gupta S.P,(1997) Biostatistical Methods, S. Chand & Sons
5. Sundar Rao P.S.S, Jesudian.G& Richard.J [1987], An Introduction for Biostatistics
[2nd edition] Prestographit, vellore, India
61
6. Biostatistics - P. Rama Krishna, Saras Publication [1995].

7. elhance D.N [1972], Fundamentals of statistics kitab mahal, allahabad.
8. Lewis, A.E [1971]- Bio-Statistics.
9. Daniel: Biostatistics, John Wiley 7 Sons.
10. Zar. J - BioStatistical analysis, prentice Hall of India.
62
VI SEMESTER
PAPER VIII
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
UNIT-I: Basic concepts of Clinical Biochemistry

A brief review of units and abbreviations used in expressing concentrations and
standard solutions. specimen collection and processing (Blood, urine, faeces). Anti-
coagulant preservatives for blood and urine. Transport of specimens.
UNIT-II: Diseases related to carbohydrate metabolism

Regulation of blood sugar, Glycosuria - types of glycosuria. Oral glucose tolerance
test in normal and diabetic condition. Diabetes mellitus and Diabetic insipidus -
hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia. Ketonuria, ketosis.
UNIT-III: Inborn errors of metabolism

Introduction - clinical importance, phenyl ketonuria, cystinuria, alkaptonuria,
Fanconi’s syndrome, galactosemia, albinism, tyrosinemia, and hamophilia.
UNIT-IV: Organ function test

Lipid and lipoproteins: Classifications, composition, mode of action - Cholesterol.
Factors affecting blood cholesterol level. Dyslipoproteinemias, IHD, atheroscelorosis,
risk factor and fatty liver.
Liver function test: Metabolism of bilirubin, jaundice - types, differential diagnosis.

Liver function test - Icteric index, Vandenberg test, plasma protein changes, PT.
Renal function test : Clearance test – Urea, Creatinine, Inulin, PAH test,
Concentration and dilution test.
Gastric function test : Collection of gastric contents, examination of gastric residuum,

FTM, stimulation test, tubeless gastric analysis.
63
UNIT-V
Clinical enzymology
Functional and non- Functional plasma enzymes. Isoenzymes with examples. Enzyme
patterns in acute pancreatitis, liver damage, bone disorder, myocardial infarction and
muscle wasting.
BOOK RECOMMENDED
1. Text book of Clinical Biochemistry - Carl A. Burdis and Edward R Ashwood
2. Text book of Medical Biochemistry - Dr. M.N. Chatterjee and rane shinde
3. Clinical chemistry in diagnosis and treatment - Philip D. Mayne
4. Clinical chemistry – William Hoffman
5. Clinical Biochemistry with clinical correlation – Devin, Wiley
6. Practical clinical biochemistry – Harold Varley, CBS, New Delhi
64
PAPER IX
BIOTECHNOLOGY
UNIT-I
Biotechnology: Definition and scope, types and branches of biotechnology. Genetic
engineering tools - Restriction endo nucleases, SI nucleases, DNA ligases, Alkaline
phosphatase, Reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, poly nucleotide kinase, terminal
transferase. Use of Linkers and Adapters. Cloning vectors: Plasmid, Cosmid, Phage,
YAC, Binary vector, Shuttle vector and Expression vectors.
UNIT-II
Methods of gene transfer - transfection, electroporation. Recombinant selection and
screening methods, Insertional inactivation. Techniques of cloning - Southern,
Northern and Western blotting techniques, DNA hybridization techniques. Gene
amplification PCR.
UNIT-III
Plant tissue culture - Media composition, nutrients, growth regulators, initiation and
differentiation. Callus and suspension culture. Micro propagation, Somatic embryo
genesis and somoclonal variation. Protoplast isolation, protoplast fusion and
regeneration of plants.
UNIT-IV
Equipment and requirements for animal cell culture, laminar flow, CO2 incubator,
natural media, synthetic media, substrate for cell culture, substrate treatment,
desegregations of tissues, establishment of cell culture
UNIT-V
Transgenic plant and transgenic animal, Herbicide resistant, stress resistant, pesticide
resistant and insect resistant, transgenic plant, transgenic fish and transgenic sheep.
Valuable product from animal cell culture - Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA).
Hybridoma technology - monoclonal antibodies.
65
Books Recommended:
1. Concept in biotechnology - D. Balasubraniam et al., Universal press India 1996.
2. Plant tissue culture - Razdan, Oxford IBH Publisher.
3. Animal cell culture - Freshney, IRL Press.
4. Animal Biotechnology - 2005. A.K. Srivastava, R.K. Singh and M.P. Yadav Oxford
& IBH.
5. Molecular biotechnology 2006 - Channarayappa Univ. Press
6. Molecular Biology & Biotechnology - H.D. Kumar(1997), Vivas publishing house
Pvt .Ltd
7. Molecular biotechnology - principle and application of recombinant DNA 3rd
edition Bernard, R. Glick Jack, J. Pasternak 2003, Library of Congress cataloging in
publication data.
8. A text book of Biotechnology - R. C. Dubey, S. Chand & co
9. Biotechnology - Prakash, S. Lohar, MJP publisher, Chennai -5.
66
CORE PRACTICAL III
1. COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION
b. Estimation of Creatinine by Jaffe’s method.
c. Estimation of urea by Diacetyl monoxine method.
d. Estimation of DNA.
e. Estimation of RNA.
f. Estimation of glucose by
1. Folin Wu
2. O- Toludine methods
2. ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES
SDS - PAGE and Agarose Gel Elcectrophoresis.
3. EXPERIMENTS ON ENZYMES BY COLORIMETRY

b. Effect of pH, temperature and substrate concentration for amylase and urease.
c. Assay of activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum.
d. Assay of serum Transaminases (SGOT, SGPT).
4 .CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS
a. Paper chromatography separations and detection of amino acids and simple
sugars.
b. Chromatographic separations of chlorophyll carotenes of flower pigments and
proteins using colulmn.
c. Separation of polar and nonpolar Lipids by thin layer chromatography.
67
ELECTIVE PRACTICAL
MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
1. HAEMATOLOGY
Hematology, Hemoglobin shali’s method, RBC count, PCV, ESR, Total and
differential WBC count, Platelet count, Blood grouping, ABO system, Rh System
Clotting time, Bleeding time
Serology – VDRL, CRP, RA, HIV, HBs Ag, Pregnancy test.
2. MICROBIOLOGY
Sterilization and disinfection, culture, gram staining, media preparation, antibiotic
sensitivity testing
3. URINE AND FAECES ANALYSIS

1. Collection of urine and faecal samples
2. Faecal analysis to detect fats, undigested food and blood
3. Qualitative analysis of urine for normal and pathological conditions.
Books Recommended
1. practical clinical Biochmistry - Harold varley, CBS, New delhi
2. Medical Laboratory Technology – Kanai L. Mukherjee, Tata McGraw Hill
Publication and co. ltd., Vol, I, II, III
3. Clinical chemistry – Ranjana Chawla
4. laboratory Manual in Biochemistry – Jayaraman
5. Biochemical methods – S.Sadasivan And manickam
6. Introduction to practical biochemistry – David T. Plummer
68
ELECTIVE II
PAPER II
MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY II
UNIT-I: Blood Banking

Blood grouping- ABO System, ABO Grouping, Rh typing,. Coomb’s test,. Blood
transfusion - Blood donors, donor screening, drawing of blood, compatibility testing,
cross matching, blood transfusion complications.
UNIT-II: CSF and Other body fluids

Cerebrospinal fluid and the body fluids. Semen analysis, sputum examination,
pregnancy test - Interpretation.
UNIT-III: Endocrine function test

Thyroid function test - thyroid hormones, function. Clinical disorder- diagonosis.T4,
I131 Uptake, TSH, Stimulation test, FT4, FTI, TSH, TBG.
UNIT-IV: Medical Parasitology

Amoebiasis, malarial parasities – life cycle, pathogenesis of malaria – acute and
chronic filariasis – diagnosis
UNIT-V Medical microbiology

Culturing of organisms from various specimens. Cu;ture media and antibiotic
sensitivity test (pus, urine, Stool, sputum, throat swab, gram staining, Zielh –Neilson
staining (TB,Lpra bacilli). Safety procedure in microbiological techniques.
References:
1. Medical Laboratory Technology - L. Mukherjee. Vol. I, II, III. Tata Mcgraw - Hill
Publishing Company Limited
2. Medical Laboratory Technology - V>H. Talib
3. Clinical Laboratory practices in CMC procedur, CMC, Vellore.
4. Medical lab technology - Ramnik Sood.
69
ELECTIVE III
PAPER III
IMMUNOLOGY
UNIT-I
Innate and Acquired immunity, antibody and cell mediated immune response, primary
and secondary lymphoid organs, structure of T, B and NK cell, structure and
function of Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophiles, Macrophages – Phagocytosis and
inflammation.
UNIT-II
Antigen - Properties specificity, cross reactivity, antigenecity, Immunogenecity,
antigen determinants, Haptens, adjuvants, self antigen [MHC]. Antibodies- properties,
classes, sub classes of Immunoglobulins - structure, specificity and distribution.
Antigen and antibody intraction, precipitation and agglutination, complement,
cytokines.
UNIT-III
Allergy and Hypersensitivity – type – I, II, III and IV their clinical manifestation.
Immune diseases – Rheumatoid arthritis - Myasthenia gravis. Immunity to bacteria &
Virus.
UNIT-IV
Transplantation – Allograft rejection, graft Vs Host reaction, Immunosuppressor –
mechanism of graft rejection. Outline of tumor cells and treatment.
UNIT-V
Precipitation in gel: Ouchterlony procedure, radial immuno duffision, Immuno
electrophoresis, Electro immunoduffision, RIA and ELISA.
70
Books Recommended
1. Immunology - J. kannan, MJP Publishers, Chennai-5
2. Immunology - Riot Ivanna, Jonathan Brastoff, David Male, 1993.
3. Immunology - Janis Kuby, 4th edition, 2000.
4. Immunology - An introduction, Tizarrd, r. Jan 1995.
5. Fundamendal of Immunology - Lippincot praven publications, 4th edition.
6. Essential and clinical Immunology - Halen chapel, Mansal Haney, Siraj misbah &
Nial Snowdan.
7. Immunology - Geoffrey zubay, W.M.C, Brown publishers, 4th edition 1992.
8. Immunology - The immune system in health & disease, 3rd edition.
71
SKILLED BASED SUBJECT IV
PAPER IV
BIOSTATISTICS II
UNIT-I
Theoretical Distribution – Definition, Type of Theoretical Distribution, Binomial
distribution and Poisson distribution- Definition, characteristics and Properties.
Normal distribution, normal curve, standard Normal distribution - characteristics and
Properties.
UNIT-II
Regression Analysis – Introduction, Definition, uses, types of regression- Positive and
negative, linear and non linear, simple and multiple, partial and total. Regression
equation – Regression equation of X on Y and Y on X.
UNIT-III
F-test and it’s application, testing of Hypothesis – Null hypothesis, alternative
hypothesis, standard error.
UNIT-IV
Chi- Square test- Introduction, Characteristics of Chi- Square test, Assumption,
degree of freedom, application of chi- square test, t-test – Application and its Uses.
UNIT-V
Analysis of Variance- Introduction, techniques of Analysis of variance (ANOVA) –
One way and two way classification, steps involved in analysis.
Books for References:

1. Sundar Rao- Biostatistics.
2. Daniel – Biostatistics, John wiley & sons
3. Lewis, A. E (1971) – Biostatistics
4. Gupta S.P,(1997) Biostatistical Methods, S. Chand & Sons
72
5. Sundar Rao P.S.S, Jesudian.G& Richard.J [1987], An Introduction for Biostatistics

[2nd edition] Prestographit, vellore, India
6. Biostatistics – P. Rama Krishna, Saras Publication [1995].
7. elhance D.N [1972], Fundamentals of statistics kitab mahal, allahabad.
8. Lewis, A.E [1971]- Bio-Statistics.
9. Daniel: Biostatistics, John Wiley 7 Sons.
10. Zar. J – BioStatistical analysis, prentice Hall of India.
*******
73

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B.Sc.

Biochemistry : Syllabus (CBCS)

III Allied Paper I (to choose 1 out of 3) 4 4 3 25 75 100

I Year I Language Paper II 6 3 3 25 75 100

II Year I Language Paper III 6 3 3 25 75 100

Ins. Credit Max. Mark

II Year I Language Paper IV 6 3 3 25 75 100

III Year III Core Paper V Enzymes & Intermediary 5 5 3 25 75 100

III Year III Core Paper VIII Clinical Biochemistry 6 6 3 25 75 100

An overall view of cells-origin and evolution of cells. Cell theory. Classifications of

3.3 Photochemistry - Grothus Drapers law, stark einsteines law -

(For all UG Degree Courses)

UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES: NATURAL

Environmental Sciences - Relevance - Significance - Public awareness - Forest resources

UNIT-II: ECOSYSTEM, BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION:

Ecosystem - concept - structure and function - producers, consumers and

UNIT-III: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT

Environmental Pollution - Causes - Effects and control measures of Air, Water,

UNIT-IV: SOCIAL ISSUES - HUMAN POPULATION

Urban issues - Energy - water conservation - Environmental Ethics - Global warming -

UNIT-V: FIELD WORK

1. KUMARASAMY, K., A.ALAGAPPA MOSES AND M.VASANTHY, 2004.

2. RAJAMANNAR, 2004, ENVIRONEMNTAL STUDIES, EVR COLLEGE PUB,

3. KALAVATHY,S. (ED.) 2004, ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, BISHOP HEBER

UNIT-II : Amino acids

UNIT-V : Nucleic acid

1. EXPERIMENT INVOLVING TITRIMETRIC PROCEDURES

a. Estimation of amino acids by formal titration.

a. Reactions of simple sugars including glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose,

(to choose any 1 out of the given 3)

1.2 Industrial Chemistry:

2.2 Amino Acid and Protein:

2.3 Primary and Secondary structures of protein (Elementary Treatment

4.3 Chromatography - Principles and application of column, paper and

5.2 Anaesthetics - General and Local Anaesthetics - Antiseptics -

5.3 Electrochemical corrosion and its prevention - fuel cells.

Units of measurement of solutes in solution. eg. Normality, molarity, molality, milli

1) Estimation of hydrochloric acid using std. sulphuric acid

EXPERIMENTS ON COLLOIDS AND GELS

EXPERIMENTS ON PROPERTIES OF LIQUID

4. Laboratory manual in Biochemistry - Jayaraman.

Spectrophotometric / Colorimetric Estimation:

3. Introduction to Practical Biochemistry - Shawney, Randhir Singh, Narasa Pub,

WEBSITES AND e-LEARNING SOURCES:

BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES I

(to choose any 1 out of the given 3)

Note : In chordata to study only morphology, digestive system, Respiratory system,

1. Ayyar, E.K. and T.N. Ananthakrishnan, 1992. Manual of Zoology. Vol.

STATISTICS FOR LIFE SCIENCES I

Note : The proportion between theory and problems shall be 20:80

Books for Reference

SKILL BASED SUBJECT I

NON MAJOR ELECTIVE I

Application of radioisotoptes in the elucidation of metabolic pathyways, clinical

(to choose any 1 out of the given 3)

STATISTICS FOR LIFE SCIENCES II

Note : The proportion between theory and Problems shall be 20:80

Book for Reference

1. Clearing of glassware, sterilization techniques.