ACTIVITY SHEET FOR LESSON 1 Practical Research

ACTIVITIES FOR LESSON 1
Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and

Kinds of Quantitative Research
SIMPLE RECALL
Quantitative Research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data.

It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal
relationships, and generalize results to wider populations.
Quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance.

Quantitative research focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed,
convergent reasoning rather than divergent reasoning [i.e., the generation of a variety
of ideas about a research problem in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner].
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

a. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
b. The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the
population.
c. The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability.
d. Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers
are sought.
e. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.
f. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts,
figures, or other non-textual forms.
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g. Project can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or
investigate causal relationships.
h. Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect
numerical data.
The overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to classify features, count
them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed.
Strengths of Quantitative Research

a. It provides an allowance on the formulation of statistically sound.
b. Quantitative data provides a macro view with all the required details and
comparatively larger samples.
c. Larger sample sizes enable the conclusion to be generalized.
d. Evaluation of the multiple data sets can be done at once and that too at a faster
pace and accurately.
e. This method is called to be appropriate when there is a need of systematic and
standardized comparisons.
f. The manual implementations of ideas can be automated completely which can
save time.
g. Findings can be generalized if selection process is well-designed and sample is
representative of study population.
h. Relatively easy to analyse.
i. Data can be very consistent, precise and reliable.
Weaknesses of Quantitative Data
a. Quantitative Method reveals what and to what extent but often fails to answer
more on why and how.
b. This type of research requires the model performance to be monitored on
constant basis in order to ensure its compliance with the original hypotheses.
c. The impression of homogeneity in a sample may turn out to be fake in this method.
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d. This method involves limited number of Quants supply and also involves complex
disciplines which are hard to master.
e. Related secondary data is sometimes not available or accessing available data
is difficult/impossible.
f. Difficult to understand context of a phenomenon.
g. Data may not be robust enough to explain complex issues.
Types of Quantitative Design

1. Descriptive research seeks to describe the current status of an identified
variable. These research projects are designed to provide systematic information about
a phenomenon.
Examples of Descriptive Research:
a. A description of how second-grade students spend their time during summer
vacation;
b. A description of the tobacco use habits of teenagers;
2. Correlational research attempts to determine the extent of a relationship
between two or more variables using statistical data. In this type of design, relationships
between and among a number of facts are sought and interpreted. This type of
research will recognize trends and patterns in data, but it does not go so far in its
analysis to prove causes for these observed patterns. Cause and effect is not the basis
of this type of observational research. The data, relationships, and distributions of
variables are studied only. Variables are not manipulated; they are only identified and
are studied as they occur in a natural setting.
*Sometimes correlational research is considered a type of descriptive research, and not
as its own type of research, as no variables are manipulated in the study.

Examples of Correlational Research:
a. The relationship between intelligence and self-esteem
b. The relationship between diet and anxiety
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3. Causal-comparative/quasi-experimental research attempts to establish cause-
effect relationships among the variables. These types of design are very similar to true
experiments, but with some key differences. An independent variable is identified but
not manipulated by the experimenter, and effects of the independent variable on the
dependent variable are measured. The researcher does not randomly assign groups
and must use ones that are naturally formed or pre-existing groups. Identified control
groups exposed to the treatment variable are studied and compared to groups who
are not.
Examples of Correlational Research:

a. The effect of preschool attendance on social maturity at the end of the first grade
b. The effect of taking multivitamins on a students’ school absenteeism • The effect
of gender on algebra achievement
4. Experimental research, often called true experimentation, uses the scientific
method to establish the cause-effect relationship among a group of variables that make
up a study. The true experiment is often thought of as a laboratory study, but this is not
always the case; a laboratory setting has nothing to do with it. A true experiment is any
study where an effort is made to identify and impose control over all other variables
except one. An independent variable is manipulated to determine the effects on the
dependent variables. Subjects are randomly assigned to experimental treatments rather
than identified in naturally occurring groups.
Examples of Experimental Research:
a. The effect of a new treatment plan on breast cancer

b. The effect of positive reinforcement on attitude toward school
c.
d.
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ACTIVITY A
Directions: Using the T-Chart, give the strength and weakness of quantitative research.
Strength of Quantitative Research Weakness of Quantitative Research
ACTIVITY B
Directions: Using the quadrants, give the distinguishing features or characteristics of
each type of quantitative research.
Descriptive Research Correlational Research
Causal-comparative/quasi-experimental Experimental Research

research
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Answer this.
If you were to conduct a quantitative research, which type or kind of research

will you work on? Why? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY C
Directions: Read each statement carefully. On the blank, write True is the statement is
correct and False if wrong about the characteristics of a quantitative research.
_________ 1. Qualitative research generally uses smaller pools of participants than

quantitative research.
_________ 2. Qualitative research uses statistical analysis to prove or disprove a
particular hypothesis based on theory or previous studies.
_________ 3. Both qualitative and quantitative research relies on analyzing data, but
qualitative research relies more on the researcher's own interpretation.
_________ 4. Consistency of data collection and analysis by a neutral, unknowing party
is a hallmark of good qualitative research.
_________ 5. Reliability of data can be checked through statistical analysis or checking
with participants themselves, depending on the methods used.
_________6. Results is based on the data gathered through focused group discussion
and unstructured interview.
_________ 7. Structured instruments such as survey forms, closed ended questionnaire,
and checklists are used tools for collecting data for quantitative research.
_________ 8. Quantitative research is done once and cannot be duplicated and
replicated.
_________ 9. Data are interpreted in verbatim form without any numerical figures.
_________ 10. Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to
collect numerical data.
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ACTIVITIES FOR LESSON 1

Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and

Quantitative Research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data.

Quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance.

Characteristics of Qualitative Research

Strengths of Quantitative Research

Weaknesses of Quantitative Data

Types of Quantitative Design

as its own type of research, as no variables are manipulated in the study.

Examples of Correlational Research:

Examples of Experimental Research:

a. The effect of a new treatment plan on breast cancer

Strength of Quantitative Research Weakness of Quantitative Research

Descriptive Research Correlational Research

Causal-comparative/quasi-experimental Experimental Research

If you were to conduct a quantitative research, which type or kind of research

_________ 1. Qualitative research generally uses smaller pools of participants than

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