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    Retina Slides

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    Mariam Qais
    The document discusses the anatomy and pathologies of the retina. It describes the retina's blood supply and the macula's location. It discusses retinal detachment types including rhegmatogenous (caused by breaks) and non-rhegmatogenous (tractional, exudative). Diabetic retinopathy stages and age-related macular degeneration dry vs wet forms are also outlined. Treatment methods for various retinal conditions like vitrectomy for tractional detachments and anti-VEGF injections for wet macular degeneration are mentioned.

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    Retina Slides

    Uploaded by

    Mariam Qais
    19 views70 pages
    The document discusses the anatomy and pathologies of the retina. It describes the retina's blood supply and the macula's location. It discusses retinal detachment types including rhegmatogenous (caused by breaks) and non-rhegmatogenous (tractional, exudative). Diabetic retinopathy stages and age-related macular degeneration dry vs wet forms are also outlined. Treatment methods for various retinal conditions like vitrectomy for tractional detachments and anti-VEGF injections for wet macular degeneration are mentioned.

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    The document discusses the anatomy and pathologies of the retina. It describes the retina's blood supply and the macula's location. It discusses retinal detachment types including rhegmatogenous (caused by breaks) and non-rhegmatogenous (tractional, exudative). Diabetic retinopathy stages and age-related macular degeneration dry vs wet forms are also outlined. Treatment methods for various retinal conditions like vitrectomy for tractional detachments and anti-VEGF injections for wet macular degeneration are mentioned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views70 pages

    Retina Slides

    Uploaded by

    Mariam Qais
    The document discusses the anatomy and pathologies of the retina. It describes the retina's blood supply and the macula's location. It discusses retinal detachment types including rhegmatogenous (caused by breaks) and non-rhegmatogenous (tractional, exudative). Diabetic retinopathy stages and age-related macular degeneration dry vs wet forms are also outlined. Treatment methods for various retinal conditions like vitrectomy for tractional detachments and anti-VEGF injections for wet macular degeneration are mentioned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 70

    THE RETINA

    Baghdad University
    College of Medicine
    Department of Surgery
    Ophthalmology Division
    Objectives
    The students should be able to:
     Describe applied anatomy of the retina.

     Define, list the types and causes of retinal detachment, describe


    clinical symptoms and signs and differentiate between different
    types.
     Outline the treatment of different types of retinal detachment.

     State the pathogenesis, classification, complications and


    treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
     Define, state the clinical features, risk factors and treatment of
    age related macular degeneration.
    The retina
    Anatomy:
    Blood supply:

     - The outer one third (1/3) of retina (including RPE,


    photoreceptors and half of the outer nuclear layer)
     - The inner 2/3 of retina
    Blood-Retinal Barrier (BRB):

    1-Outer BRB:
    2-Inner BRB:
    Applied anatomy:

     1- The macula:
     2- The fovea:
     3- The foveola:
     4- Umbo
    Macula

    1.5 mm 1 disc
    Ø

    3 mm
    Fovea

    FAZ 300-500μm

    7°

    4 mm
    Applied anatomy:

     1- The macula:
     2- The fovea:
     3- The foveola:
    Retinal Detachment (RD)
    Types of retinal detachment:
     1- Rhegmatogenous RD: (Rhegma = break)

     2- Non-rhegmatogenous RD:
    a- Tractional RD:
    b- Exudative (serous) RD:
    1- Rhegmatogenous RD
     Causes:
     a- Idiopathic.
     b- Myopia.
     c- Trauma.
     d- Intraocular surgery, e.g. cataract surgery.
     e- Hereditary diseases of vitreous and retina, e.g. Stickler's
    syndrome.
     f- In association with Tractional RD.
    1- Rhegmatogenous RD
     Symptoms:
     a- Photopsia (flashes of light): PVD
     b- Floaters:
     c- Peripheral visual field defect:
     d- Decreased central visual acuity (drop
    vision):
    Posterior vitreous detachment
    PVD
    Rhegmatogenous RD
    1- Rhegmatogenous RD
    1- Rhegmatogenous RD
    1- Rhegmatogenous RD
    1- Rhegmatogenous RD
    1- Rhegmatogenous RD
    2- Non-rhegmatogenous RD:
    a- Tractional RD:
     Causes:
     i- Proliferative diabetic neuropathy.
     ii- Retinopathy of prematurity "ROP"
    (retrolental fibropathy or fibroplasias):
     iii- Sickle cell retinopathy.
     iv- Penetrating trauma.
    2- Non-rhegmatogenous RD:
    a- Tractional RD:
    2- Non-rhegmatogenous RD:
    a- Tractional RD:
    Symptoms of tractional RD:

    i- Visual field defect:


    ii- Decreased central visual acuity:
    2- Non-rhegmatogenous RD:
    a- Tractional RD:
     Treatment: Vitrectomy
    2- Non-rhegmatogenous RD:
    b- Exudative RD:
    Causes:
    i- Choroidal tumours.
    ii- Retinblastoma.
    iii- Uveitis (posterior uveitis).
    iv- Posterior scleritis.
    v- Malignant hypertension.
    vi- Eclampsia.
    2- Non-rhegmatogenous RD:
    b- Exudative RD:
    Symptoms:
    Photopsiae are absent. Why??
    Floaters.
    Visual field defect develops suddenly & progress rapidly.
    Bilateral eye involvement is possible.

    Treatment???
    Diabetic Retinopathy
     Pathogenesis:

    either microvascular occlusion.


    Or microvascular leakage.
    Vascular endothelial
    groth factor (VEGF)v
    Diabetic Retinopathy
     The consequences of leakage and increased
    vascular permeability include the development of
    intraretinal haemorrahges and oedema.
    Diabetic Retinopathy
     Clinically DR may be:
     1- Background DR.
     2- Pre-proliferative DR
     3- Proliferative DR.
     4- maculopathy, which associates (1), (2) or (3).
     5- Advanced diabetic eye disease.
    Diabetic Retinopathy
    Diabetic Retinopathy
    Age-Related Macular Degeneration
    (AMD)
     A common, chronic, progressive degenerative
    disorder of the macula that affect peoples above
    50.

     dry AMD
     wet AMD
    Macula

    1.5 mm 1 disc
    Ø

    3 mm
    Risk factors
    • Age
    • Race -Caucasians.
    • Family history
    • Smoking
    • Hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors
    • Obesity and high fat intake
    • Sun exposure, female gender and blue iris colour are
    suspected
    Symptoms
     Gradual and progressive painless loss of vision
     Decreased reading ability
     Positive scotoma
     metamorphopsia
     Sudden deterioration of vision
    Amsler Grid
    Dry AMD
    Dry AMD
    Treatment

    Antioxidant vitamins and


    minerals

    Intravitreal antiVEGF

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