Module 2 (ENGLISH8)

CHRIST’S SERVANTS ACADEMY OF TAGUDIN INC.
Del Pilar, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur

School I. D. # 410523
NAME:________________________________________________ SUBJECT: English 8

ADDRESS:____________________________________________
Module 2:
 Context Clues
 Parallelism
Objectives:
The students should be able to:
a. pronounce the given sounds properly;
b. identify the different kinds of context clues;
c. write the correct forms of the given faulty parallel sentences.
I. Introduction
Learning the meaning of a word through its use in a sentence or
paragraph is the most practical way to build vocabulary, since a dictionary is
not always available when a reader encounters an unknown word. A reader must
be aware that many words have several possible meanings. Only by being
sensitive to the circumstances in which a word is used can the reader decide upon
an appropriate definition to fit the context.
II. Development
Context Clues
Context clues are hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that
a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words. A
reader should rely on context clues when an obvious clue to meaning is
provided, or when only a general sense of the meaning is needed for the
reader’s purposes. Context clues should not be relied upon when a precise
meaning is required, when clues suggest several possible definitions, when
nearby words are unfamiliar, and when the unknown word is a common one
that will be needed again; in these cases, a dictionary should be consulted.
There are several different types of context clues.

Some of them are:
1. DEFINITION / DESCRIPTION CLUE

The new term may be formally defined, or sufficient explanation may be given
within the sentence or in the following sentence. Clues to definition include “that
is,” commas, dashes, and parentheses.
Examples:
a. His emaciation, that is, his skeleton-like appearance, was frightening to see.
“Skeleton-like appearance” is the definition of “emaciation.”
b. Fluoroscopy, examination with a fluoroscope, has become a common
practice. The commas before and after “examination with a fluoroscope” point out
the definition of “fluoroscopy.”
c. The dudeen – a short-stemmed clay pipe – is found in Irish folk tales.
The dashes setting off “a short-stemmed clay pipe” point out the definition of
“dudeen.”
2. EXAMPLE CLUES
Sometimes when a reader finds a new word, an example might be found nearby
that helps to explain its meaning. Words like including, such as, and for example,
point out example clues.
Examples:
a. Piscatorial creatures, such as flounder, salmon, and trout, live in the coldest
parts of the ocean.
“Piscatorial” obviously refers to fish.
b. Celestial bodies, including the sun, moon, and stars, have fascinated man
through the centuries.
“Celestial” objects are those in the sky or heavens.
c. In the course of man’s evolution, certain organs have atrophied. The
appendix, for example, has wasted away from disuse. “Atrophied” means “wasted
away.”
3. SYNONYM RESTATEMENT CLUE

The reader may discover the meaning of an unknown word because it repeats
an idea expressed in familiar words nearby. Synonyms are words with the same
meaning.
Examples:
a. Flooded with spotlights – the focus of all attention – the new Miss America
began her year-long reign. She was the cynosure of all eyes for the rest of the
evening. “Cynosure” means “the focus of all attention.”
b. The mountain pass was a tortuous road, winding and twisting like a snake
around the trees of the mountainside. “Tortuous” means “winding and twisting.”
4. CONTRAST / ANTONYM CLUE

Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. An opposite meaning context
clue contrasts the meaning of an unfamiliar word with the meaning of a familiar
term. Words like “although,” “however,” and “but” may signal contrast clues.
Examples:
a. When the light brightens, the pupils of the eyes contract; however, when it
grows darker, they dilate. “Dilate” means the opposite of “contract.”
b. The children were as different as day and night. He was a lively
conversationalist, but she was reserved and taciturn. “Taciturn” means the
opposite of a “lively conversationalist.”
5. MOOD / TONE CLUE

The author sets a mood, and the meaning of the unknown word must
harmonize with the mood.
Examples:
a. The lugubrious wails of the gypsies matched the dreary whistling of the wind
in the all but-deserted cemetery. “Lugubrious,” which means “sorrowful,” fits into
the mood set by the words “wails,” “dreary,” and “deserted cemetery.”
Parallelism
Parallel sentence elements in grammar are just like parallel lines in
geometry: they face the same direction and never meet. More precisely, in
grammar, it’s less about meeting and more about balance. Parallelism in
grammar is defined as two or more phrases or clauses in a sentence that
have the same grammatical structure.
Examples:
Compare the following:
Lacking parallelism Parallel

"She likes cooking, jogging, and to "She likes cooking, jogging, and
read." reading."
"She likes to cook, jog, and read."
"He likes baseball and running." "He likes playing baseball and
running."
"He likes to play baseball and to
run."
"The dog ran across the yard, "The dog ran across the yard,
jumped over the fence, and sprinted jumped over the fence, and sprinted
away." down the alley."
All of the above examples are grammatically correct, even if they lack
parallelism: "cooking", "jogging", and "to read" are all grammatically valid
conclusions to "She likes", for instance. The first nonparallel example has a
mix of gerunds and infinitives. To make it parallel, the sentence can be
rewritten with all gerunds or all infinitives. The second example pairs a gerund
with a regular noun. Parallelism can be achieved by converting both terms to
gerunds or to infinitives. The final phrase of the third example does not include
a definite location, such as "across the yard" or "over the fence"; rewriting to
add one completes the sentence's parallelism.
III. Engagement
Activity 1 (30 points)
Direction: You have read about using correct sounds of English on your textbook
(page 18). Take a video of yourself reading the given text below and put emphasis
on the following sounds:
 /th/ sound
 /s/ sound
 /l/ sound
 /r/ sound
Have you ever thought of something that could make you happy at this point of times?
Do you ever feel like the world’s rotating and revolving so slow like nothing is
progressing? Maybe it’s time to move and be productive! What are you still waiting?
Tell all the important people in your life how much you love them! But keep in mind to
stay safe. Always wear your mask! Wash your hands and stay at home as much as
possible.

Direction: What kind of context clues are the following? Write D (description or
definition clue), E (example clue), S (synonym clue), C (contrast clue), or M (mood
clue).
_____1. Unlike his quiet and humble family, Brad is garrulous.
_____2. A ship that can travel under the surface of the ocean is a submarine.
_____3. Sedentary individuals, people who are not very active, often have diminished
health.
_____4. The lugubrious wails of the gypsies matched the dreary whistling of the wind
in the all-but-deserted cemetery.
_____5. The annual awards function was operating perfectly but it was flawed by the
unexpected power cut.
_____6. A beaver uses its big front teeth to gnaw trees. These incisors continue to
grow as they are worn away.
_____7. The animals feed on grasses, leafy plants, shrubs, and other vegetation.
_____8. She is cautious crossing the street and also careful riding her bike.
_____9. The director asked his secretary to write a memo to the client that is brief and
to the point than one that is verbose.
_____10. Constellations, like the famous group of stars named Orion can be seen on a
clear night.

Example: Eggs contain not only protein but are also are full of vitamins.
Answer: Eggs contain not only protein (noun) but also vitamins (noun).
Example: Eggs, however, are high in cholesterol and rather fat-filled.
Answer: Eggs, however, are high in cholesterol and in fat.
1. Faulty: They are low in sodium but do not have many calories.
Correct:
2. Faulty: The yolk of one egg contains 213 milligrams of cholesterol and there are
5 grams of fat.
Correct:
3. Faulty: Still, the whites are both fat-free and have no cholesterol.
Correct:
4. Faulty: Some people would rather not eat eggs at all than if they can only have
egg whites.
Correct:
5. Faulty: The American Heart Association recommends no more than four yolks
a week, but eggs may be eaten more often by some people.
Correct:
6. Faulty: Raw eggs should not be eaten by people who are very young, pregnant,
elderly, or have immune system impairments.
Correct:
7. Faulty: Keep eggs refrigerated, cook them thoroughly, and you should throw
away any cracked one.
Correct:
8. Faulty: Generally, it is better to eat eggs moderately than avoiding them
entirely.
Correct:
9. Faulty: Samantha likes to run, jumping around in the backyard and played
with her friend Jorge yesterday.
Correct:
10. Faulty: Henry likes a ball, to jump and running outside.
Correct:
IV. Additional Activities

Answer the following exercises on your book:
 Page 17 (video link will be posted on your facebook group)
 Page 22 (documentary link will be posted on your facebook group)
 Page 23
 Page 24 to 25 (both exercise and activity)
V. References
Textbook/s:
Tagay, Lourna V. (Ph.D.), Brutas, Ma. Luisa Z. (Ma Ed), Esteban-Basa, Maria
Majan R. (PH.D.) 2019. Journeying Through Literature and Language with Afro-
Asian Literary Texts: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press Inc.
Online Source/s:
https://www.mdc.edu/kendall/collegeprep/documents2/context
%20cluesrev8192.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallelism_(grammar)
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/parallelism/
https://www.troup.org/userfiles/929/My%20Files/ELA/HS%20ELA/9th
%20ELA/Unit%202/Parallelism%20grammar%20exercises.pdf?id=12859
https://owlcation.com/humanities/Easy-Faulty-Parallelism-Examples-and-
Exercises
Prepared by:
Ms. Kristela Mae G. Manlongat
Subject Teacher
Approved by:
Mr. Numeriano Benitez Jr. Ret. M.T. II
Principal

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CHRIST’S SERVANTS ACADEMY OF TAGUDIN INC.

Del Pilar, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur

NAME:________________________________________________ SUBJECT: English 8

There are several different types of context clues.

1. DEFINITION / DESCRIPTION CLUE

3. SYNONYM RESTATEMENT CLUE

4. CONTRAST / ANTONYM CLUE

5. MOOD / TONE CLUE

Lacking parallelism Parallel

Activity 2 (10 points)

Activity 3 (20 points)

IV. Additional Activities

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