History of Cake
History of Cake
History of Cake
History
The term "cake" has a long history. The word itself is of Viking origin, from the Old
Norse word "kaka".[2]
The ancient Greeks called cake πλακοῦς (plakous), which was derived from the word for
"flat", πλακόεις (plakoeis). It was baked using flour mixed with eggs, milk, nuts, and
honey. They also had a cake called "satura", which was a flat heavy cake. During the
Roman period, the name for cake became "placenta" which was derived from the Greek
term. A placenta was baked on a pastry base or inside a pastry case. [3]
The Greeks invented beer as a leavener, frying fritters in olive oil,
and cheesecakes using goat's milk.[4] In ancient Rome, the basic bread dough was
sometimes enriched with butter, eggs, and honey, which produced a sweet and cake-like
baked good.[5] Latin poet Ovid refers to his and his brother's birthday party and cake in
his first book of exile, Tristia.[6]
Early cakes in England were also essentially bread: the most obvious differences
between a "cake" and "bread" were the round, flat shape of the cakes, and the cooking
method, which turned cakes over once while cooking, while bread was left upright
throughout the baking process.[5]
Sponge cakes, leavened with beaten eggs, originated during the Renaissance, possibly
in Spain.[7]
Cake mixes
Main article: Baking mix
During the Great Depression, there was a surplus of molasses and the need to provide
easily made food to millions of economically depressed people in the United States.
[8] One company patented a cake-bread mix to deal with this economic situation, and
thereby established the first line of cake in a box. In so doing, cake, as it is known today,
became a mass-produced good rather than a home- or bakery-made specialty.
Later, during the post-war boom, other American companies (notably General Mills)
developed this idea further, marketing cake mix on the principle of convenience,
especially to housewives. When sales dropped heavily in the 1950s, marketers
discovered that baking cakes, once a task at which housewives could exercise skill and
creativity, had become dispiriting. This was a period in American ideological history when
women, retired from the war-time labor force, were confined to the domestic sphere,
while still exposed to the blossoming consumerism in the US.[9] This
inspired psychologist Ernest Dichter to find a solution to the cake mix problem in
the frosting.[10] Since making the cake was so simple, housewives and other in-home
cake makers could expend their creative energy on cake decorating inspired by, among
other things, photographs in magazines of elaborately decorated cakes.
Ever since cake in a box has become a staple of supermarkets and is complemented
with frosting in a can.