A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc.

Chemistry

Awadhesh Pratap Singh

University, Rewa (M.P.)

Syllabus
For
M.SC. Chemistry
Four semesters
(Two year course)

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY
(FOUR SEMESTER COURSE)
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
M.Sc. (Previous)
SEMESTER −I

Paper Course Course Marks (Theory

No. + CCE)
Paper I MCH-401 Inorganic Chemistry I 100(80+20)
Paper II MCH-402 Organic Chemistry I 100(80+20)
Paper III MCH-403 Physical Chemistry I 100(80+20)
Paper IV MCH-404 Group Theory , Mathematics for 100(80+20)
Chemists & Biology for Chemists
Practical *

Total Marks 400

* Practical Examinations will be held in second semester.

SEMESTER −II

Paper Course Course Marks

No.
Paper V MCH-405 Inorganic Chemistry II 100(80+20)
Paper VI MCH-406 Organic Chemistry II 100(80+20)
Paper VII MCH-407 Physical Chemistry II 100(80+20)
Paper VIII MCH-408 Spectroscopy II and Diffraction 100(80+20)
Methods
Practical Inorganic + Organic + Physical 300

Total Marks 700

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

M.Sc. (Final)

SEMESTER− III

Paper Paper Code Course Marks

Paper−I MCH-501 Applications of Spectroscopy I 100(80+20)
Paper−II MCH-502 Photochemistry 100(80+20)
Paper−III MCH-503 Polymer Chemistry 100(80+20)
Paper−IV MCH-504 Heterocyclic Chemistry 100(80+20)
Practical*

Total Marks 400

* Practical Examinations will be held in fourth semester.

SEMESTER− IV

Paper Course No. Course Copm / Opt Marks (Theory +

CCE)
Paper V MCH-505 Applications of Spectroscopy II Compulsory 100(80+20)
Paper VI MCH-506 Solid State Chemistry Compulsory 100(80+20)
Paper VII MCH-507 Natural Products Compulsory 100(80+20)
Paper VIII MCH-508-512 Optional Paper* Optional 100(80+20)
Practical Inorganic + Organic + Physical 300
Project Work 150

Total 850
Marks

Optional Paper*
MCH – 508: Organic Synthesis
MCH – 509: Organotransition Metal Chemistry
MCH – 510: Analytical Chemistry
MCH – 511: Electrochemistry
MCH – 512: Medicinal Chemistry

Grant Total Marks M.Sc. (Previous & Final) 1100 + 1250 = 2350
* Minimum passing marks in theory is 25 marks.
* Minimum passing marks in CCE is 10 marks.
* Instead of laboratory work, student may performed Project work.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

(Sample for Question Papers)

M.Sc. I / II/ III / IV
Chemistry
Paper: MCH- ……..
Time allowed: Three hours Maximum Marks: 75
Minimum Passing Marks: 25
Note:- This paper is dived into two Sections (A and B). Marks are indicated against each
sections. Read the instruction of each sections carefully and answer accordingly.
Section – A
(Short Answer type Questions)
Note:- All questions are compulsory. 7 x 5 =35
Unit – I
Q.1
Or
Q.2

Unit –II
Q.3
Or
Q.4

Unit-III
Q.5
Or
Q. 6

Unit- IV
Q.7
Or
Q. 8

Unit –V

Q.9
Or
Q. 10

Section B
(Long answer type questions)
Note:- Attempt any two Questions. 20 x 2 = 40
(One question from each Unit should be given)

Q.11
Q.12
Q.13
Q.14
Q.15

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −I
Paper-I
MCH-401: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
Unit-I
Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds :
VSEPR, Walsh diagram (triatomic and penta-atomic molecules), dπ-pπ bond, Bent rule
and energetics of hybridization, some simple reactions of covalently bonded molecules.

Unit-II
Metal-Ligand Equilibrium in Solution
Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interaction, trends in stepwise
constant, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature
of metal ion and ligand. Chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin, determination of
binary formation constants by potentiometry and spectrophotometry.

Unit-III
Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes
Energy profile of a reaction, reactivity of metal complex, inert and labile complexes,
kinetic application of valence bond and crystal field theories, kinetics of octahedral
substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis,
conjugate base mechanism, direct and indirect evidences in favour of conjugate
mechanism, anion reactions, reactions without metal ligand bond cleavage. Substitution
reactions in square planar complexes, the trans effect, mechanism of the substitution
reaction. Redox reaction, electron transfer reactions, mechanism of one electron
transfer reactions, outer sphere type reactions, cross reactions and Marcus-Hush
theory, inner sphere type reactions.

Unit-IV
Metal-Ligand bonding
Limitation of crystal field theory, molecular orbital theory for bonding in octahedral,
tetrahedral and square planar complexes, π-bonding and molecular orbital theory.

Unit-V
HSAB Theory
Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft; HSAB principle, theoretical basis of
hardness and softness; Lewis-acid base reactivity approximation; donor and acceptor
numbers, E and C equation; applications of HSAB concept.

Books Suggested:
1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley.
2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huhey, Harpes & Row.
3. Chemistry of the Elements. N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshow, Pergamon.
4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier.
5. Magnetiochemistry, R.1. Carlin, Springer Verlag.
6. Comprehensive Coordiantion Chemistry eds., G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillars and J.A. Mc
Cleverty,Pergamon.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER−I
Paper-II
MCH-402: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
Unit-I
Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecules
Delocalized chemical bonding-conjugation, cross conjugation, resonance
hyperconjugation, bonding in fullerences, tautomerism. Aromaticity in benzenoid and
non-benzoid compounds, alternate and non-alternate hydrocarbons. Huckel’s rule,
energy. Level of π-molecular orbitals, annulenes, anti-aromaticity, homo-aromaticity,
PMO approach. Bonds weaker than covalent-addition compounds, crown ether
complexs and cryptands, inclusion compounds, catenanes and rotaxanes.

Unit-II
Stereochemistry
Strain due to unavoidable crowding Elements of symmetry, chirality, molecules with
more than one chiral center, threo and ertythro isomers, methods of resolution, optical
purity, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces, stereospecific and
stereoselective synthesis, Asymmetric synthesis. Optical activity in the absence of chiral
carbon (biphenyls, allenes and spirane chirallity due to helical shape. Stereochemistry
of the compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.

Unit-III
Conformational analysis and linear free energy relationship
Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, decalines, effect of conformation on reactivity,
conformation of sugars.
Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals,
carbenes and nitrenes. The Hammett equation and linear free energy relationship,
substituents and reaction constants, Taft equation.

Unit-IV
Reaction Mechanism : Structure and Reactivity
Type of mechanisms, types of reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements,
kinetic and thermodynamic control, Hammond’s postulate, Curtir-Hammett principle.
Potential energy diagrams, transition states and intermediates, methods of determining
mechanisms, isotopes effects.

Unit-V
Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution
The SN2, SN1 mixed SN1 and SN2 and SET mechanism. The neighboring group
mechanism, neighboring group participation by p and s bonds, anchimeric assistance.
Classical and nonclassical carbocations, phenomium ions, norborynl systems, common
carbocation rearrangements. Application of NMR spectroscopy in the detection of
carbocations. The SN1 mechanism. Nucleophilic substitution at an allylic, aliphatic
trigonal and a vinylic carbon. Reactivity effects of substrate structure, attacking
nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium, phase transfer catalysis and
ultrasound, ambident nucleophile, regioselectivity.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Book Suggested
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry-Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, Jerry March,
John Wiley.
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, F.A. Carey and R.J. Sunderg, Plenum.
3. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Peter Sykes, Longman.
4. Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, C.K. Ingold, Comell University
Press.
5. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prentice-Hall.
6. Modern Organic Reactions, H.O. House, Benjamin.
7. Principles of Organic Synthesis, R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Blackie Academic
& Professionsl.
8. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, S.M. Mukherji and S.P. Singh,
Macmillan.
9. Pericyclic Reactions, S.M. Mukherji, Macmillan, India
10. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, D.Nasipuri, New Age International.
11. Stereochemisty of Organic Compounds, P.S. Kalsi, New Age International.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −I
Paper-III
MCH-403: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I
Unit-I
Introduction to Exact Quantum Mechanical Results
Schrödinger equation and the postulates of quantum mechanics. Discussion of solutions
of the Schrödinger equation to some model systems viz., particle in a box, the harmonic
oscillator, the rigid rotor, the hydrogen atom and helium atom.

Unit-II
Approximate Methods
The variation theorem, linear variation principle. Perturbation theory (First order and
nondegenerate). Applications of variation method and perturbation theory to the
Helium atom.
Molecular Orbital Theory
Huckel theory of conjugated systems bond and charge density calculations. Applications
to ethylene, butadiene, cyclopropenyl radical cyclobutadiene etc. Introduction to
extended Huckel theory.

Unit-III
Angular Momentum
Ordinary angular momentum, generalized angular momentum, eigenfucntions for
angular momentum, eigenvalues of angular momentum operator using ladder operators
addition of angular momenta, spin, antisymmetry and Pauli exclusion principle.

Unit-IV
Classical Thermodynamics
Brief resume of concepts of laws of thermodynamics, free energy, chemical potential
and entropies. Partial molar free energy, partial molar volume and partial molar heat
content and their significance. Determinations of these quantities. Concept of fugacity
and determination of fugacity. Non-ideal systems : Excess function s for non-ideal
solutions. Activity, activity coefficient, Debye Huckel theory for activity coefficient fo
electrolytic solutions; determination of activity and activity coefficients; ionic strength.
Application of phase rule to three component systems; second order phase transitions.

Unit-V
Statistical Thermodynamics
Concept of distribution, thermodynamic probability and most probable distribution.
Ensemble averaging, postulates of ensemble averaging. Canonical, grand canonical and
micro-canonical ensembles, corresponding distribution laws (using Lagrange’s method
of undetermined multipliers). Partition functions-translation, rotational, vibrational and
electronic partition functions, Calculation of thermodynamic properties in terms of
partition. Application of partition functions. Fermi-Dirac Statistics, distribution law and
applications to metal. Bose-Einstein statistics distribution Law and application to
helium.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Books Suggested
1. Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, ELBS.
2. Introduction to Quantum Chemistyry, A.K. Chandra, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
3. Quantum Chemistry, Ira N. Levine, Prentice Hall.
4. Coulson’s Valence, R.Mc Ween y, ELBS.
5. Chemical Kinetics. K.J. Laidler, McGraw-Hill.
6. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformation J.Rajaraman and J.
Kuriacose, Mc Millan.
7. Micelles, Theoretical and Applied Aspects, V. MOraoi, Plenum.
8. Modern Electrochemistry Vol. 1 and Vol II J.O.M. Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy,
Planum.
9. Introduction to Polymer Science, V.R. Gowarikar, N.V. Vishwanathan and J.
Sridhar, Wiley Eastern.
10. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry-R.K. Prasad, New Age Publication.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER− I
Paper-IV
MCH-404: Group Theory, Mathematics for Chemists and Biology for Chemists
Unit-I
Symmetry and Group theory in Chemistry
Symmetry elements and symmetry operation, definition of group, subgroup. Conjugacy
relation and classes. Point symmetry group. Schonfilies symbols, representations of
groups by matrices (representation for the Cn, Cnv, Cnh, Dnh group to be worked out
explicity). Character of a representation. The great orthogonality theorem (without
proof) and its importance. Character tables and their use; spectroscopy. Derivation of
character table for C2v and C3v point group Symmetry aspects of molecular vibrations
of H2O molecule.

Unit-II
Vectors
Vectors, dot, cross and triple products etc. gradient, divergence and curl, Vector
Calculus.
Matrix Algebra
Addition and multiplication; inverse, adjoint and transpose of matrices.
Or
Carbohydrates
Conformation of monosaccharides, structure and functions of important derivatives of
mono-saccharides like glycosides, deoxy sugars, myoinositol, amino sugars.
Nacetylmuramic acid, sialic acid disaccharides and polysaccharides. Structural
polysaccharides cellulose and chitin. Storage polysaccharides-starch and glycogen.
Structure and biological function of glucosaminoglycans of mucopolysaccharides.
Carbohydrates of glycoporteins and glycolipids. Role of sugars in biological recognition.
Blood group substances. Ascorbic acid.

Unit-III
Differential Calculus
Functions, continuity and differentiability, rules for differentiation, applications of
differential calculus including maxima and minima (examples related to maximally
populated rotational energy levels, Bohr’s radius and most probable velocity from
Maxwell’s distribution etc.).
Or
Amino-acids, Peptides and Proteins
Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins to peptides, amino acid sequencing.
Secondary structure of proteins. force responsible for holding of secondary structures.
ahelix, -b-sheets, super secondary structure, triple helix structure of collagen. Tertiary
structure of protein-folding and domina structure. Quaternary structure. Amino acid
metabolism-degradation and biosynthesis of amino acids, sequence determination:
chemical/enzymatic/mass spectral, racemization/detection. Chemistry of oxytocin and
tryptophan releasing hormone (TRH).

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Unit-IV
Integral calculus
Basic rules for integration, integration by parts, partial fractions and substitution.
Reduction formulae, applications of integral calculus. Functions of several variables,
partial differentiation, co-ordinate transformations (e.g. Cartesian to spherical polar).
First-order and first degree differential equations, Applications to chemical kinetics,
Or
Lipid
Fatty acids, essential fatty acids, structure and function of triacylglycerols,
glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, bile acids, prostaglandins.
Liproproteins-compositiion and function, role in atherosclerosis. Properties of lipid
aggregates-micelles, bilayers, liposomes and their possible biological functions.
Biological membranes. Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure. Lipid metabolism-
boxidation of fatty acids.
Unit –V
Permutation and Probability
Permutations and combinations, probability and probability theorems average, variance
root means square deviation examples from the kinetic theory of gases etc., fitting
(including least squares fit etc with a general polynomial fit.
Or
Nucleic Acids
Purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids, base pairing via H bounding. Structure of
ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), double helix model of DNA
and forces responsible for holding it. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic
acids. The chemical basis for heredity, an overview of replication of DNA, transcription,
translation and genetic code. Chemical synthesis of mono and trinucleoside.

Books suggested
1. Physical Methods in Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders College.
2. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A. Cotton.
3. The chemistry Mathematics Book, E.Steiner, Oxford University Press.
4. Mathematical for Physical chemistry : F. Daniels, Mc. Graw Hill.
5. Applied Mathematics for Physical Chemistry, J.R. Barante, Prentice Hall.
6. Chemical Mathematics D.M. Hirst, Longman.
7. Principles of Biochemistry, A.L. Lehninger, Worth Publishers.
8. Biochemistry, L. Stryer, W.H. Freeman.
9. Biochemistry, J. David Rawan, Neil Patterson.
10. Biochemistry, Voet and Voet, John Wiley.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −II
Paper-V
MCH-405: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
Unit-I
Electronic Spectral Studies of Transition Metal Complexes :
Spectroscopic ground states, correlation. Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for
transition metal complexes (d1-d9 states), Selection rule for electronic spectroscopy.
Intensity of various type electronic transitions, Calculations of 10Dq, B and β
parameters, charge transfer spectra.

Unit-II
Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes
Anomalous magnetic moments, Quenching of Orbital contribution. Orbital contribution
to magnetic moment, magnetic exchange coupling and spin crossover.

Unit-III
Metal π-Complexes
Metal carbonyl, structure and bonding, vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for
bonding and structural elucidation, important reactions of metal carbonyls;
preparation, bonding structure and important reaction of transition metal nitrosyl,
dinitrogen and dioxgen complexes; tertiary phosphine as ligand.

Unit-IV
Metal Clusters
Higher boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes and metallo-carboranes compounds with
metal metal multiple bonds.

Unit-V
Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism
Linearly and circularly polarized lights; optical rotatory power and circular
birefringence, elipticity and circular dichroism; ORD and Cotton effect, Faraday and Kerr
effects; Assignment of electronic transitions; applications of ORD and CD for the
determination of (i) absolute configuration of complexes and (ii) isomerism due to non-
planarity of chelate rings.

Books Suggested :
1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley.
2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huhey, Harpes & Row.
3. Chemistry of the Elements. N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshow, Pergamon.
4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier.
5. Magnetiochemistry, R.1. Carlin, Springer Verlag.
6. Comprehensive Coordiantion Chemistry eds., G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillars and J.A.
Mc Cleverty,Pergamon.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −II
Paper-VI
MCH-406: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Unit-I
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution
The arenium ion mechanism, orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams. The
ortho/para ratio, ipso attack, orientation in other ring systems. Quantitative treatment
of reactivity in substrates and electrophiles. Diazonium coupling, Vilsmeir reactiion,
Gatterman-Koch reaction
Aromatic Nucleophilci Substitution
The SNAr SN1, benzyne and SN1 mechanism, Reactivity effect of substrate structure,
leaving group and attacking nucleophile. The Von Richte. Sommelet-Hauser, and Smiles
rearrangements.

Unit-II
Free Radical Reactions
types of free radical reactions, free radical substitution mechanism, mechanism at an
aromatic substrate, neighbouring group assistance. Reactivity for aliphatic and aromatic
substrates at a bridgehead. Reactivity in the attacking radicals. The effect of solvents on
reactivity. Allylic halogenation (NBS), oxidation of aldehydes to carboyxlic acids,
autooxidation, coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic compounds by diazonium
salts, Sandmeyer reaction. Free radical rearrangement. Hunsdiecker reaction.

Unit III
Addition Reactions
Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles,
nucleophiles and free radicals, regio-and chemoselectivity, orientation and reactivity.
Addition to cyclopropane ring. Hydrogenation of double and triple bounds,
hydrogenation of aromatic rings. Hydroboration, Michael reaction, sharpless
asymmetric epoxidation.

Unit-IV
Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple bonds
Mechanism of metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl
compounds,
acid esters and nitriles. Addition of Grignard reagents, organozinc and organolithium
reagents to carbonyl and usaturated carbonyl compounds. Witting reaction. Mechanism
of condensation reactions involving enolates-Aldol, Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich,
Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions. Hydrolysis of esters and amides, ammonolysis of
esters.

Elimination Reactions
The E2, E1 and E1 cB mechanisms and their spectrum. Orientation of the double bond.
Reactitivty-effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leavign group and the
medium. Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic elimination.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Unit-V
Pericyelic Reactions
Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5-
hexatriene
and allyl system. Classification of periycyclic reactions. Woodward-Hoffmann
correlatino diagrams. FMO and PMO approach. Electrocyclic reactions-conrotatory and
disrotatory motions, 4n 4n+2 and allyl systems. Cycloadditions-antarafacial and
suprafacial additions, 4n and 4n+2 systems, 2+2 addition of ketenes, 1,3 dipolar
cycloadditions and cheleotrpic reactions. Sigmatropic rearrangements-suprafacial and
antarafacial shifts of H, sigmatropic involving carbon moieties, 3,3- and 5,5 sigmatropic
rearrangements. Claise n, Cope and aza-Cope rearrangements. Fluxional tautomerism.
Ene reaction.

Book Suggested
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry-Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, Jerry March,
John Wiley.
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, F.A. Carey and R.J. Sunderg, Plenum.
3. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Peter Sykes, Longman.
4. Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, C.K. Ingold, Comell University
Press.
5. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prentice-Hall.
6. Modern Organic Reactions, H.O. House, Benjamin.
7. Principles of Organic Synthesis, R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Blackie.
8. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, S.M. Mukherji and S.P. Singh,
Macmillan.
9. Pericyclic Reactions, S.M. Mukherji, Macmillan, India.
10. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, D.Nasipuri, New Age International.
11. Stereochemisty of Organic Compounds, P.S. Kalsi, New Age International.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER−II
Paper-VII
MCH-407: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II
Unit-I
Chemical Dynamics
Methods of determining rate laws, collision theory of reaction rates, steric factor,
activated complex theory, Arrhenius equation and the activated complex theory; ionic
reactions, kinetic salt effects, steady state kinetics, kinetic and thermodynamic control
of reactions, treatment of unimolecular reactions. Dyamic chain (hydrogen-bromine
reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane), photochemical
(hydrogenbromine and hydrogen-chlorine reactions) and homogenous catalysis,
kinetics of enzyme reactions, general features fo fast reactions, study of fast reactions by
flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis ad the nuclear magnetic resonance
method, dynamics of unimolecular reactiosn (Lindemann Hinshelwood and Rice-
Ramsperger-Kassel- Marcus (RRKM) theories for unimolecular reactions).

Unit-II
Surface Chemistry
Adsorption
Surface tension, capillary action, pressure difference across curved surface (Laplace
equation), vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation), Gibbs adsorption isotherm,
estimation of surface area (BET equation), Surface films on liquids (Electro-kinetic
phenomenon).

Micelles
Surface active agents, classification of surface active agents, micellization, hydrophobic
interaction, critical micellar concentration (CMC), factors affecting the CMC of
surfactants, counter ion binding to micelles, thermodynamics of micellization-phase
separation and mass action models, solublization, micro emulsion, reverse micelles.

Unit-III
Macromolecules
Polymer-definition, types of polymers, electrically conducting, fire resistant, liquid
crystal polymers, kinetics of polymerization, mechanism of polymerization. Molecular
mass, number and mass average molecular mass, molecular mass determination
(Osmometry, viscometry, diffusion and light scattering methods), sedimentation, chain
configuration of macromolecules, calculation of average dimension of various chain
structures.

Unit-IV
Non Equilibrium Theromodynamics
Thermodynamic criteria for non-equilibrium states, entropy production and entropy
flow,
entropy balance equations for different irreversible processes (e.g., heat flow, chemical
reaction etc.) transformations of the generalized fluxes and forces, non equilibrium
stationary states, phenomenological equations, microscopic reversibility and Onsager’s
reciprocity relations, electrokinetic phenomena, diffusion, electric conduction.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Unit-V
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry of solutions. Debye-Huckel-Onsager treatment and its extension, ion
solvent interactions. Debye-Huckel-Jerum mode. Thermodynamics of electrified
interface equations. Derivation of electro capillarity, Lippmann equations (surface
excess), methods of determination. Structure of electrified interfaces. Overpotentials,
exchange current density, derivation of Butler Volmer equation, Tafel plot. Quantum
aspects of charge transfer at electrodes-solution interfaces, quantization of charge
transfer, tunneling. Semiconductor interfaces-theory of double layer at semiconductor,
electrolyte solution interfaces, structure of double layer interfaces. Effect of light at
semiconductor solution interface. Polarography theory, Ilkovic equation; half wave
potential and its significance.
Books Suggested
1. Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, ELBS.
2. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry, A.K. Chandra, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
3. Quantum Chemistry, Ira N. Levine, Prentice Hall.
4. Coulson’s Valence, R.Mc Ween y, ELBS.
5. Chemical Kinetics. K.J. Laidler, McGraw-Hill.
6. Kineties and Mechanism of Chemical Transformation J.Rajaraman and J.
Kuriacose, Mc Millan.
7. Micelles, Theoretical and Applied Aspects, V. MOraoi, Plenum.
8. Modern Electrochemistry Vol. 1 and Vol II J.O.M. Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy,
Planum.
9. Introduction to Polymer Science, V.R. Gowarikar, N.V. Vishwanathan and J.
Sridhar, Wiley Eastern.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −II
Paper-VIII
MCH-408: Spectroscopy II and Diffraction Methods
Unit-I
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation, shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shift
and its measurements, factors, influencing chemical shift, deshielding, spin-spin
interactions, factors influencing coupling constant "j" Classification (AXB, AMX, ABC,
A2B2 etc.). spin decoupling; basic ideas about instrument, NMR studies of nuclei other
than protin-13C, 19F and 31P. FT NMR, advantages of FT NMR.
Unit II
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy
Quadrupole nuclei, quadrupole moments, electric field gradient, coupling constant,
splitting. Applications.
Unit-III
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Basic principles, zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy, factors affecting the ’g’
value. Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants, spin Hamiltonian, spin
densities and Mc Connell relationship, measurement techniques, applications.
Unit-IV
X-ray Diffraction
Bragg condition, Miller indices, Laue Method, Bragg method, Debye Scherrer method of
X-ray structural analysis of crystals, index reflections, identification of unit cells from
systematic absences in diffraction pattern, Structure of simple lattices and X-ray
intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase
problem. Description of the procedure for an X-ray structure analysis, absolute
configuration of molecules.
Unit-V
Electron Diffraction
Scattering intensity vs. scattering angle, Wierl equation, measurement technique,
elucidation of structure of simple gas phase molecules. Low energy electron diffraction
and structure of surfaces.
Neutron Diffraction Scattering of neutrons by solids measurement techniques,
Elucidation of structure of magnetically ordered unit cells.
Books suggested
1. Modern Spectroscopy, J.M. Hollas, John Viley.
2. Applied Electron Spectroscopy for chemical analysis d. H. Windawi and F.L. Ho,
Wiley Interscience.
3. NMR, NQR, EPr and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, R.V. Parish,
Ellis Harwood.
4. Physical Methods in Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders College.
5. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A. Cotton.
6. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, Mc Graw Hill.
7. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy, R. Chang, Mc Graw Hill.
8. Theory and Application of UV Spectroscopy, H.H. Jaffe and M. Orchin, IBHOxford.
9. Introduction to Photoelectron Spectroscopy, P.K. Ghosh, John Wiley.
10. Introduction to Magnetic Resonance. A Carrington and A.D. Maclachalan, harper
& Row.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

PRACTICAL
(Duration: 6-8 hrs in each branch)

Practical examination shall be conducted separately for each branch in Second

semester (M.Sc. 1st Year )

Inorganic Chemistry
Separation and estimation of two metal ions. 35
Preparation and synthesis of metal complexes 20
Paper chromatography 20
Record 10
Viva Voce 15
Total 100

1. Separation and estimation of two metal ions:

(i) Estimation of copper and nickel both by gravimetric method.
(ii) Estimation of barium gravetrically and copper volumetrically methods.
(iii) Estimation of copper and zinc in a mixed solution of both by gravimetric
methods.
(iv) Estimation of nickel and zinc in a mixed solution of both by gravimetric methods.

2. Preparation and synthesis of metal complexes

(i) VO(acac)2
(ii) Ni(acac)2
(iii) K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
(iv) Prussian Blue, Turnbull’s Blue.
(v) Co(NH3)6] [Co(NO2)6]
(vi) Hg[Co(SCN)4]
(vii) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4H2O
(viii) [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
(ix) Ni(dmg)2

3. Paper chromatography:
Separation of cations by Paper Chromatography of following cations:
(i) Ag(I), Pb(II) and Hg2(II)
(ii) Hg(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II)
(iii) Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II)
(iv) Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II)

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Physical Chemistry
Chemical Kinetics (determination of rate constant for 35
hydrolysis of esters)
Determination of composition of a mixture of weak and 20
strong acids by conductometric titration
Determination of composition of a mixture of weak and 20
strong acids by pH metric titration
Record 10
Viva Voce 15
Total 100

1. Chemical Kinetics
(i) Determination of velocity constant of the hydrolysis of methyl acetate catalysed
by an acid (say HCl, H2SO4, etc.).
(ii) Determination of velocity constant of saponification of ethyl acetate with sodium
hydroxide.
(iii) Determination of velocity of the reaction between potassium persulphate and
potassium iodide.

2. Determination of composition of a mixture of weak and strong acids by

conductor metric titration of following acids:
(i) HCl and CH3COOH
(ii) HNO3 and CH3COOH
(iii) H2SO4 and CH3COOH

3. Determination of composition of a mixture of weak and strong acids by pH

metric titration of followings acids:
(i) HCl and CH3COOH
(ii) HNO3 and CH3COOH
(iii) H2SO4 and CH3COOH

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Organic Chemistry
Qualitative Analysis 35
Organic Synthesis 20
Quantitative analysis 20
Record 10
Viva Voce 15
Total 100

1. Qualitative Analysis
Separation, purification and identification of compounds of ternary mixture (one liquid
and one solid) using TLC and columns chromatography, chemical tests. IR spectra to be
used for functional group identification.

2. Organic Synthesis
Acetylation : Acetylation of cholesterol and separation of cholesteryl acetate by column
chromatography. Oxidation : Adipic acid by chromic acid oxidation of cyclothexaneol
Grignard reaction : Synthesis of triphenylmethanol from benzoic acid
Aromatic electrophilic sustitutions : Synthesis of p-nitroaniline and pbromoaniline.
Aldol condensation Dibenzal acetone from benzaldehyde. Synthesis of different Schiff
bases using salicylaldehyde and amines, Synthesys of different dithiocarbamates. The
Products may be characterized by Spectral Techniques

3. Quantitative Analysis
Determination of the percentage or number of hydroxyl groups in an organic compound
by acetylation method. Estimation of amines/phenols using bromate bromide
solution/or acetylation method. Determination of iodine and Saponification values of an
oil sample. Determination of DO, COD and BOD of water sample.

Books Suggested
1. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Analysis, revised, J. Bassett, R.C. Denney, G.H.
Jeffery and J. Mendham, ELBS.
2. Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds, W.L. Jolly. Prentice Hall.
3. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, D.P. Pasto, C. Johnson and M.
Miller, Prentice Hall.
4. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, K.L. Williamson, D.C. Health.
5. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H. Middleton, Adward Arnold.
6. Handbook of Organic Analysis-qualitative and Quantitative. H. Clark, Adward
Arnold.
7. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John Wiley.
8. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, Longman.
9. Findley’s Practical Physical chemistry, B.P. Levitt, Longman.
10. Advanced Physical Chemistry by Gurtu and Gurtu, Pragati Prakashan.
11. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behera, Tata McGraw Hill.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −III
Paper-I
MCH-501: APPLICATION OF SPECTROSCOPY - I
Unit - I
Electronic Spectroscopy:
Electronic Spectral Studies for d1- d9 systems in octahedral, tetrahedral and square
planer complexes,
Unit - II
Vibrational Spectroscopy
Symmetry and shapes of AB2, AB3, AB4, AB5 and AB6, mode of bonding of ambidentate
ligands, nitrosyl, ethylenediamine and diketonato complexes, application of resonance
Raman spectroscopy and its applications.
Unit -III
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy – I
General introduction and definition, Chemical shift, spin – spin interaction, shielding
and deshilding mechanism, mechanism of measurement of chemical shift values and
correlation for protons bonded to carbon (aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydic and aromatic)
and other nuclei (alcohols, phenols, enols, carboxylic acids, and amides & mercapto).
Unit-IV
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy – II
Chemical exchange, effect of deuteration, Complex spin – spin interation between two,
three, four and five nuclei (I order spectra) Stereochemistry, hindered rotation, Karplus
curve-variation of coupling constant with disordered angle, NMR shift reagents, solvent
effects, Nuclear overhauser effect (NOE).
Unit-V
Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Basic principles, spectral parameters and spectrum display. Application of the technique
to the studies of (1) bonding and structures of Fe+2 and Fe+3 compounds including those
of intermediate spin, (2) Sn+2 and Sn+4 compounds nature of M-L bond, coordination
number, structure and (3) detection of oxidation state and in equivalent MB atoms.
Book Suggested
1. Physical Methods for Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders Compnay.
2. Structural Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, E.A.V. Ebsworth, D.W.H. Rankin and
S. Cradock, ELBS.
3. Infrared and Raman Spectral : Inorganic and Coordination Compounds K.
Nakamoto, Wiley.
4. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry vol., 8, ed., F.A. Cotton, vol., 15 ed. S.J. Lippard,
Wiley.
5. Transition Metal Chemistry ed. R.L. Carlin vol. 3 dekker.
6. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.P.B. Lever, Elsevier.
7. NMR, NQR, EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, .V. Parish,
Ellis Haywood.
8. Practical NMR Spectroscopy, M.L. Martin. J.J. Deepish and G.J. Martin, Heyden.
9. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, R.M. Silverstein, G.C.
Bassler adn T.C. Morrill, John Wiley.
10. Introduction to NMR spectroscopy, R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P. Loftus, Wiley.
11. Application of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, J.R. Dyer Prentice Hall.
12. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry D.H. Williams, I. Fleming, Tata
McGraw-Hill.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −III
Paper II
MCH-502: PHOTOCHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Photochemical Reactions
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, types of excitations, fate of excited
molecule, quantum yield, transfer of excitation energy, actinometry.

Unit -II
Determination of Reaction Mechanism
Classification, rate constants and life times of reactive energy state determination of
rate constants of reactions, Effect of light intensity on the rate of photochemical
reactions, Types of photochemical reactions-photo dissociation, gas-phase photolysis.

Unit -III
Photochemistry of Alkene
Intramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond-geometrical isomerism, cyclisation
reactions, rearrangement of 1,4- and 1,5-dienes.
Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds
Isomerisations, additions and substitutions.

Unit -IV
Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds
Intramolecular reactions of carbonyl compounds-saturated, cyclic and acyclic, α, β, γ
unsaturated and α, β, unsaturated compounds, cyclohexadienones, Intermolecular
cyloaddition reactions-dimerisations and oxetane formation.

Unit-V
Miscellaneous Photochemical Reactions.
Photo-Fries reactions of annelids, Photo-Fries rearrangement, Barton reaction, Singlet
molecular oxygen and its reactions, Photochemical formation of smog, Photodegration
of polymers, Photochemistry of vision.

Books Suggested
1. Fundamentals of photochemistry, K.K. Rothagi-Mukheriji, Wiley-Eastern.
2. Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, A Gilbert and J. Baggott, Blackwell
Scientific Publication.
3. Molecular Photochemistry, N.J. Turro, W.A. Benjamin.
4. Introductory Photochemistry, A. Cox and t. Camp, McGraw Hill.
5. Photochemistry, R.P. Kundall and A. Gilbert. Thomson Nelson.
6. Organic Photochemistry, J. Coxon and B.halton, Cambridge University Press.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −III
Paper III
MCH-503: Polymer Chemistry
Unit-I
Basics
Importance of polymers. Basic concepts : Monomers, repeat units, degree of
polymerization Linear, branched and network polymers. Classification of polymers.
Polymerization: condensation, addition/radical chain-ionic and co-ordination and
copolymerization. Polymerization conditions and polymer reactions. Polymerization in
homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.

Unit-II
Polymer Characterization
Polydispersion-average molecular weight concept. Number, weight and viscosity
average molecular weights. Polydispersity and molecular weight distribution. The
practical significance of molecular weight. Measurement of molecular-weights. End-
group, viscosity, light scattering, osmotic and ultracentrifugation methods.

Unit-III
Analysis and testing of polymers
Chemical analysis of polymers, spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction study.
Microscopy. Thermal analysis and physical testing-tensile strength. Fatigue, impact.
Tear resistance, Hardness and abrasion resistance.

Unit-IV
Inorganic Polymers
A general survey and scope of Inorganic Polymers special characteristics, classification,
homo and hetero atomic polymers. Structure, Properties and Applications of
a. Polymers based on boron-borazines, boranes and carboranes.
b. Polymers based on Silicon, silicone’s polymetalloxanes and polymetallosiloxanes,
silazanes.

Unit V
Structure, Properties and Application of
a. Polymers based on Phosphorous-Phosphazenes, Polyphosphates
b. Polymers based on Sulphure-Tetrasulphur tetranitride and related compounds.
c. Co-ordination and metal chelate polymers.

Books Suggested
1. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huheey, Harper Row.
2. Developments in Inorganic polymer Chemistry, M.F. Lappert and G.J. Leigh.
3. Inorganic polymers- N.H. Ray.
4. Inorganic polymers, Graham and Stone.
5. Inorganic Rings and Cages : D.A. Armitage.
6. Textbook of Polymers Science, F.W. Billmeyer Jr. Wiley.
7. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, H.R. Al cock and F.W. Lambe, Prentice Hall.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −III
Paper IV
MCH-504: Heterocyclic Chemistry

Unit-I
Nomenclature of Heterocycles
Replacement and systematic nomenclature (HantzsMCH-Widman system) for
monocyclic fused and bridged heterocycles.
Aromatic Heterocycles
General chemical behaviour of aromatic heterocycles, classification (structural type),
criteria of aromaticity (bond lengths, ring current and chemical shifts in 1H
NMRspectra. Empirical resonance energy, delocalization energy and Dewar resonance
energy, diamagnetic susceptibility exaltations). Heteroaromatic reactivity and
tautomerism in aromatic heterocycles.

Unit-II
Non-aromatic Heterocycles
Strain-bond angle and torsional strains and their consequences in small ring
heterocycles. Conformatino of six-membered heterocycles with reference to molecular
geometry, barrier to ring inversion, pyramidal inversino and 1,3-diaxial interaction.
Stereo-electronic effects anomeric and related effects, Attractive interactions-hydrogen
bonding and intermolecular nucleophilic lectrophilic interactions. Heterocyclic
Synthesis Princples of heterocyclic synthesis involing cyclization reactions and
cycloaddition reactions.

Unit-III
Small Ring Heterocycles
Three-membered and four-membered heterocycles-synthesis and reactions of
azirodines, oxiranes, thiranes, azetidines, oxetanes and thietanes.
Benzo-Fused Five-Membered Heterocycles
Synthesis and reactions including medicinal applications of benzopyrroles, bezofurans
and benzothiophenes.

Unit-IV
Meso-ionic Heterocycles
General classification, chemistry of some important meso-ionic heterocycles of type-A
and B and their applications.
Six-Membered Heterocycles with one Heteroatom
Synthesis and reactions of pyrylium salts and pyrones and their comparison with
pyridinium & thiopyrylium salts and phridones. Synthesis and reactions of
quionlizinium and benzopyrylium salts, coumarins and chromones.

Unit-V
Six Membered Heterocycles with Two or More Heteroatoms Synthesis and reactions of
diazones, triazines, tetrazines and thiazines. Seven-and Large-Membered Heterocycles
Synthesis and reactions of azepines, oxepines, thiepines, diazepines thiazepines,
azocines, diazocines, dioxocines and dithiocines.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Heterocyclic Systems Containing P, As, Sb and B

Heterocyclic rings containing phosphorus : Introduction, nomenclature, synthesis and
characteristics of 5- and 6-membered ring systemsphosphorinaes, phosphorines,
phospholanes and phospholes. Heterocyclic rings containing As and Sb: Introduction,
synthesis and characteristics of 5- and 6-membered ring system. Heterocyclic rings
containing B : Introduction, synthesis reactivity and spectral characteristics of 3- 5- and
6- membered ring system.

Books Suggested :
1. Heterocyclic Chemistry Vol. 1-3, R.R. Gupta, M. Kumar and V.Gupta, Springer
Verlag.
2. The Chemistry of Heterocycles, T. Eicher and S. Hauptmann, Thieme.
3. Heterocyclic chemistry J.A. Joule, K. Mills and g.F. Smith, Chapman and Hall.
4. Heterocyclic Chemistry, T.L. Gilchrist, Longman Scietific Techinal.
5. Contemporary Hetrocyclic Chemistry, G,.R. Newkome and W.W. Paudler, Wiley-
Inter Science.
6. An Introductiion to the Heterocyclic Compounds, R.M. Acheson, Johnwiely.
7. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A.R. Katrizky and C.W. Rees, eds.
Pergamon Press.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −IV
Paper V
MCH-505: APPLICATION OF SPECTROSCOPY

Unit-I

Ultraviolet and Visible spectroscopy

Various electronic transitions (185-800 nm) Beer-Lambert law, effect of solvent on
electronic transitions, ultraviolet bands for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated carbonyl
compounds, dienes, conjugated polyenes, Fieser Woodward rules for conjugated dienes
and carbonyl compounds, ultraviolet spectra of aromatic compounds. Steric effect in
biphenyls.

Unit-II

Infrared Spectroscopy
Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds,
alcohols, ether’s, phenols and amines. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies of
carbonyl compounds (ketone’s, aldehyde’s, esters, amides, acids, anhydride’s, lactones,
lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds). Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent
effect on vibrational frequencies, overtones, combination bands and fermi resonance.

Unit-III

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Paramagnetic Substances in Solution

The contact and Pseudo contact shifts, factors affecting nuclear relaxation, some
applications including biochemical systems, an overview of NMR of metal nuclide with
emphasis on 195Pt and 119Sn NMR.

Unit-IV

Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy

General considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic olefinic , alkyne, aromatic,
heteroaromatic and carboynl carbon), coupling constants. Two dimension NMR
spectroscopy-COSY, NOESY, DEPT, HMBC and HMQC techniques.

Unit V

Mass Spectrometry
Introduction ion production E1, C1 FD, ESI and FAB, factors affecting fragmentation, ion
analysis, ion abundance Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, common
functional groups, molecular ion peak, metastable peak. Me Lafferty rearrangement.
Nitrogen rule. High resolution mass spectrometry. Structure elucidation of simple
molecules using UV – Visible, IR, NMR and mass spectral techniques.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Book Suggested
1. Physical Methods for Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders Compnay.
2. Structural Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, E.A.V. Ebsworth, D.W.H. Rankin and
S. Cradock, ELBS.
3. Infrared and Raman Spectral : Inorganic and Coordination Compounds K.
Nakamoto, Wiley.
4. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry vol., 8, ed., F.A. Cotton, vol., 15 ed. S.J. Lippard,
Wiley.
5. Transition Metal Chemistry ed. R.L. Carlin vol. 3 dekker.
6. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.P.B. Lever, Elsevier.
7. NMR, NQR, EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, .V. Parish,
Ellis Haywood.
8. Practical NMR Spectroscopy, M.L. Martin. J.J. Deepish and G.J. Martin, Heyden.
9. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler
adn T.C. Morrill, John Wiley.
10. Introduction to NMR spectroscopy, R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P. Loftus, Wiley.
11. Application of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, J.R. Dyer Prentice Hall.
12. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry D.H. Williams, I. Fleming, Tata
McGraw-Hill.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −IV
Paper-VI
MCH-506: SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Solid State Reactions
General principles, experimental procedure, co-precipitation as a precursor to solid
state reactions, kinetics of solid state reactions.

Unit-II
Crystal Defects and Non-Stoichiometry
Perfect and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic defects-point defects, line and
plane defects, vacancies-Schottky detects and Frenkel defects. Thermodynamics of
Schottky and Frenkel defect formation, colour centres, non-stoichiometry defects.

Unit-III
Electronic Properties and Band Theory
Metals insulators and semiconductors, electronic structure of solid band theory band
structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors, Intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions, super conductors. Optical
properties-Application of optical and electron microscopy. Magnetic Properties-
Classification of materials : Effect of temperature calculation of magnetic moment,
mechanism of ferro and anti ferromagnetic ordering super exchange.

Unit-IV
Organic Solids
Electrically conducting solids. organic charge transfer complex, organic metals, new
superconductors.

Unit-V
Liquid Crystals:
Types of liquid crystals: Nematic, Smectic, Ferroelectric, Antiferroelectric, Various
theories of LC, Liquid crystal display, New materials.

Books Suggested.
1. Solid state chemistry and its applications, A.R. West. Peenum.
2. Principles of the Solid State, H.V. Keer, Wiley Eastern.
3. Solid State Chemistry, N.B. Hannay.
4. Solid State Chemistry, D.K. Chakrabarty, New Wiley Eastern.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER –IV
Paper VII
MCH-507: Chemistry of Natural Products
Unit-I
Terpenoids and Carotenoids
Calcifications, nomenclature, occurrence, isolation, general methods of structure
determination, isoprene rule. Structure determination, stereochemistry, biosynthesis
and synthesis of the following representative molecules: Citral, Geraniol α-Terpeneol,
Menthol, Farnesol, Zingiberence, Santonin, Phytol, Abietic acid and β-Carotene.
Unit-II
Alkaloids
Definition, nomenclature and physiological action, occurrence, isolation, general
methods of structure elucidation, degradation, classification based on nitrogen
heterocyclic ring, role of alkaloids in plants. Structure, stereochemistry, synthesis and
biosynthesis of the following: Ephedrine, (+)- Coniine, Nicotine, Atropine, Quinine and
Morphine.
Unit-III
Steroids
Occurrence, nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel’s hydrocarbon and stereochemistry,
Isolation, Structure determination and synthesis of Cholesterol, Bile acids,
Androsterone, Testosterone, Estrone, Progesterone, Aldosterone, Biosynthesis of
Steroids.
Unit-IV
Plant Pigments
Occurrence, nomenclature and general methods of structure determination. Isolation
and synthesis of Apigenin, Luteolin Quercetin, Myrcetin, Quercetin 3-glucoside, Vitexin,
Diadzein, Aureusin, Cyanidin-7arabinoside, Cyanidin, Hirsutidin, Biosynthesis of
flavonoids: Acetate pathway and Shikimic acid pathway.
Prophyrins
Structure and synthesis of Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll.
Unit V
Prostaglandis
Occurrence, nomenclature, classification, biogenesis and physiological effects. Synthesis
of PGE2 and PGF2a.
Pyrethroids and Rotenones
Synthesis and reactions of Pyrethroids and Rotenones. (For structure elucidation,
emphasis is to be placed on the use of spectral parameters wherever possible).
Books Suggested
1. Natural Products : Chemistry and Biological Significance, J. Mann, R.S. Davidson, J.B.
Hobbs, D.V. Banthrope adn J.B. Harbome, Longman, Esses.
2. Organic Chemistry : Vol. 2 1L. Finar, ELBS
3. Stereoselective Synthesis : A Practical Approach, M. Norgradi, VCH.
4. Rodd’s Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Ed. S. Coffey, Elsevier.
5. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from the
Americas, Ed. Kurt Hostettmann, M.P. Gupta and A. Marston. Harwood Academic
Publishers.
6. Introduction to Flavonoids, B.A. Bohm. Harwood Academic Publishers.
7. New Trends in Natural Product chemistry, Ataaur Rahman and M.L. Choudhary,
Harwood Academic Publishers.
8. Insecticides of Natural Origin, Sukh Dev, Harwood Academic Publishers.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −IV
PAPERS IV (OPTIONAL)

Out of the following select any one paper each of marks 100 (75 + 25)

OPT – MCH−508 Organic Synthesis

OPT − MCH−509 Organotransition Metal Chemistry
OPT − MCH−510 Analytical Chemistry
OPT – MCH−511 Electrochemistry
OPT – MCH−512 Medicinal Chemistry

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −IV
Optional−1
MCH-508: Organic Synthesis
Unit-I
Disconnection Approach
An introduction to synthons and synthetic equivalents. Disconnection approach,
functional group inter-conversions, the importance of the order of events in organic
synthesis, one group C-X and two group C-X disconnections, chemoselectivity, reversal
of polarity, cyclisation reaction, amine synthesis, Protection of groups, chemo region
and stereo selectivity.
Unit-II
One Group C-C Disconnections
Alcohols and carbonyl compounds, regioselectivity, alkene synthesis, use of acetylenes
and aliphatic Nitro compounds in organic synthesis.
Two Group C-C Disconnections
Diels-Alder Reaction, 1,3-difunctionalised compounds, a-b- unsaturated carbonyl
compounds, control in carbonyl condensations, 1,5-difunctionalised compounds.
Micheal addition and Robinson annelation.
Unit-III
Oxidation
Introduction, Different oxidative processes. Hydrocarbons-alkenes, aromatic rings,
saturated C-H groups (activated and unactivated) Alcohols, diols, aldehyde’s, ketones,
ketals and carboxylic acids, amines, hydrazines, and sulphides. Oxidations with
ruthenium tetraoxide, iodobenzene diacetate and thallium. (III) Nitrate.
Reduction
Introduction, Different reductive processes. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic
rings. Carbonyl compounds-aldehydes, ketones, acids and their derivatives. Epoxides.
Nitro, nitroso, azo and oxime groups. Expoxide, Nitro, Nitroso, azo and oxime groups.
Hydrogenolysis.
Unit IV
Organometallic Reagents
Principle, preparations, properties and applications of the following in organic synthesis
with mechanistic details. Group I and II metal organic compounds Li, Mg, Hg, Cd, Zn and
Ce Compounds.
Unit V
Synthesis of some complex molecules:
Application of the above in the synthesis of following compounds: Canphor, longifoline,
cartisone, reserpine, vitamin D, juvabion, aphidicolin and fredericamycin. A
Books Suggested
1. Designing Organic Synthesis, S. Warren. Wiley.
2. Organic Synthesis-Concept, Methods and Starting Materials, J. Fuhrhop.
3. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis. W. carruthers, Cambridge Univ.
Press.
4. Modern Synthetic Reactions H.O. House, W.A Benjamin.
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry : Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, J. March.
Wiley.
6. Principles, of Organic Chemistry Part B. F.a. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Plenum
Press.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −III
Optional−2
MCH-509: Organotransition Metal Chemistry

Unit -I
Alkyls and Aryls of Transition Metals
Types, routes of synthesis, stability and decomposition pathways organocopper in
organic synthesis.
Compounds of Transition Metal-Carbon Multiple Bonds
Alkylidenes, alkylidynes, low valent carbenes and carbynes-synthesis, nature of bond,
structural characteristics, nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions on the ligands, role in
organic synthesis.

Unit -II
Transition Metal π-Complexes
Transition metal π-Complexes with unsaturated organic molecules, alkenes, alkynes,
allyl, diene, dienyl, arene and trienyl complexes, preparation, properties, nature of
bonding and structural features. Important reactions relating to nucleophilic and
electrophilic attack on ligands and to organic synthesis.

Unit -III
Transition organometalic compounds:
Transition metal compounds with bonds to hydrogen, boron, silicon

Unit -IV
Homogeneous Catalysis
Stoichiometric reactions for catalysis, homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, Zeigler-
Natta polymerization of olefins, catalytic reactions involving carbon monoxide such as
hydrocarbonylation of olefins (oxoreaction), explanation reactions, activation of C-H
bond.

Unit -V
Fluxional Organometallic Compounds
Flexionality and dynamic equilibrium in compounds such as η2 olefine, η3-allyl and
dienyl complexes.

Books Suggested
1. Principles and Application of Organotransition Metal Chemistry, J.P. Collman, L.S.
Hegsdus, J.R. Norton and R.G. Finke, University Science Books.
2. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, R.H. Crabtree. John
Wiley.
3. Metallo-organic Chemistry, A.J. Pearson, Wiley.
4. Organometallic Chemistry, R.C. Mehrotra and A. Singh New Age International.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −IV
Optional−3
MCH-510: Analytical Chemistry
Unit-I
Introduction
Role of analytical chemistry Classification of analytical methods classical and
instrumental. Types of instrumental analysis. Selecting an analytical method. Neatness
and cleanliness. laboratory operations and practices. Analytical balance. Techniques of
weighing, errors. Volumetric glassware cleaning and calibration of glassware. Sample
Volumetric glassware cleaning and Calibration of glassware. Sample
preparationdissolution and decompositions. Gravimetric techniques. Selecting and
handling or reagents. Laboratory notebooks. Safety in the analytical laboratory.
Errors and Evaluation
Definition of terms in mean and median. Precision-standard deviation, relative standard
deviation. Accuracy-absolute error, relative error. Types of error in experimental data
determinate (systematic), indeterminate (or random) and gross. Sources of error and
the effects upon the analytical results. Methods for reporting analytical data. Statistical
evaluation of data-indeterminate errors. The uses of statistics.

Unit-II
Food analysis
Moisture, ash, crude protein, fat crude fiber, carbohydrates, calcium, potassium, sodium
and phosphate. Food adulteration-common adulterants in food, contamination of foods
stuffs. Microscopic examination of foods for adulterants. Pesticide analysis in food
prodcuts. Extraction and purification of sample. HPLC. Gas chromatography for
organophosphates. Thin-layer chromatography for identification of chlorinated
pesticides in food products.

Unit-III
Analysis of Water Pollution
Origin of Waste water, types, water pollutants and their effects. Sources of water
pollution-domestic, industrial, agricultural soil and radioactive wastes as sources of
pollution. Objectives of analysis-parameter for analysis-colour, turbidity, total solids,
conductivity, acidity, alakalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, silica,
phosphates and different forms of nitrogen, Heavy metal pollution-public health
significance of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, managanese, mercurry and
arsenic. General survey of instrumental technique for the analysis of heavy metals in
aqueous systems. Measurements of DO, BOD, and COD. Pesticides as water pollutants
and analysis. Water pollution laws and standards.

Unit-IV
Analysis of soil, Fuel, Body Fluids and Drugs
(a) Analysis of Soil, moisture pH total nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, lime, magnesia,
manganese, sulphur and alkali salts.
(b) Fuel analysis : liquid and gas. Ultimate and proximate analysis-heating
valuesgrading of coal. Liquid fuels-flash point, aniline point, octane number and
carbon residue. Gaseous fuels-produced gas and water gas-calorific value.

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Unit-V
(a) Clinical Chemistry: Composition of blood-collection and preservation of
samples. Clinical analysis. Serum electrolytes, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen,
uric acid, albumin, globulins, barbiturates, acid and alkaline phosphates.
Immunoassay: principles of radio immunoassay (RIA) and applications. The
blood gas analysis trace elements n the body.
(b) Drug analysis: Narcotics and dangerous drug. Classification of drugs. Screening
by gas and thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometeric measurements.

Book Suggested
1. Analytical Chemistry, G.D. Christian, J.Wicy.
2. Fundamentals o analytical Chemistry. D.A. Skoog. D.M. West and F.J. Hooler, W.B.
Saunders.
3. Analytical Chemistry-Principles. J.H. Kennedy. W.B. Saunders.
4. Analytical Chemistry-Principles and Techniques. LG. Hargis. Prentice Hall.
5. Principles of Instrumental analysis D.A. Skoog and J.L. Loary, W.B. Saunders.
6. Principles of Instrumental Analysis D.A. Skoog W.B. Saunders.
7. Quantitative Analysis, R.A. Day, Jr. and A.L. Underwood, Prentice Hall.
8. Environmental Solution, S.M. Khopkar, Wiley Eastern.
9. Basic Concepts of Analysis Chemistry, S.M. Khopkar, Wiley Eastern.
10. Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry, F. Settle,
Prentice Hall.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −IV
Optional−4
MCH-511: Electrochemistry

Unit-I
Conversion and Storage of Electrochemical Energy Present status of energy
Consumption: Pollution problem. History of fuel cells, Direct energy conversion by
electrochemical means. Maximum intrinsic efficiency of an electrochemical converter.
Physical interpretation of the Carnot efficiency factor in electrochemical energy
converters. Power outputs.
Electrochemical Generators (Fuel Cells): Hydrogen oxygen cells, Hydrogen Air cell,
Hydrocarbon air cell, Alkane fuel cell, Phosphoric and fuel cell, direct NaOH fuel cells,
applications of fuel cells.
Electrochemical Energy Storage:
Properties of Electrochemical energy storage : Measure of battery performance,
Charging and discharging of a battery, Storage Density, Energy Density. Classical
Batteries: (i) Lead Acid (ii)Nickel-Cadmium, (iii) Zinc manganese dioxide.
Modern Batteries: (i) Zinc-Air (ii) Nickel-Metal Hydride, (iii) Lithium Battery, Future
Electricity storers: Storage in (i) Hydrogen, (ii) Alkali Metals, (iii) Non aqueous
solutions.

Unit-II
Corrosion and Stability of Metals:
Civilization and Surface mechanism of the corrosion of the metals; Thermodynamics
and the stability of metals, Potential -pH (or Pourbaix) Diaphragmsl; uses and abuses,
Corrosion current and corrosion potential -Evans diagrams. Measurement of corrosion
rate: (i) Weight Loss method, (ii) Electrochemical Method.
Inhibiting Corrosion :
Cathodic and Anodic Protection. (i) Inhibition by addition of substrates to the
electrolyte environment, (ii) by charging the corroding method from external source,
anodic Protection, Organic inhibitors, The fuller Story Green inhibitors.
Passivation : Structure of Passivation films, Mechanism of Passivation, Spontaneous
Passivation Nature’s method for stabilizing surfaces.

Unit-III
Bioelectrochemistry:
bioelectrodics, Membrane Potentials, Simplistic theory, Modern theory, Electrical
conductance in biological organism: Electronic, Protonic electrochemical mechanism of
nervous systems, enzymes as electrodes.
Kinetic of Electrode Process :
Essentials of Electrode reaction. Current Density, Overpotential, Tafel Equation, Butler
Volmer equation. Standard rate constant (K) and Transfer coefficient (a), Exchange
Current.
Irreversible Electrode processes: Criteria of irreversibility, informatino from
irreversible wave.

Unit-IV
Methods of determining kinetic parameters for quasi-rversible and irreversible
waves: Koutecky’s methods, Meits Israel Method, Gellings method.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Electrocatalysis:
Chemical catalysts and Electrochemical catalysts with special reference to purostates,
porphyrin oxides of rare earths. Electrocatalysis in simple redox reactions, in reaction
involving adsorbed species. Influence of various parameters.

Unit-V
Potential Sweep Method:
Linear sweep Voltammetry, Cyclic Voltammetry, theory and applications. Diagnostic
criteria of cycli voltammetry. Controlled current microelectrode techniques:
comparison with controlled potentials methods, chronopotentiometry, theory ad
applications.
Bulk Electrolysis Methods:
Controlled potential coulometry, Controlled Coulometry, Electroorganic synthesis and
its important applications. Stripping analysis: anodic and Cathodic modes, Pre
electrolysis and Stripping steps, applications of Stripping Analysis.

Books Suggested
1. Modern Electrochemistry Vol. I, IIa, Vol. IIB J’OM Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy,
Plenum Publication, New York.
2. Polarographic Techniques by L. Meites, Interscience.
3. "Fuel Cells : Thjeir electrochemistry". McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.
4. Modern Polarographic Methods by A.M. Bond, Marcell Dekker.
5. Polarography and allied techniques by K. Zutshi, New age International
publicatin. New Delhi.
6. "Electroaalytical Chemistry by Basil H. Vessor & Galen W. ; Wiley Interscience.
7. Electroanalytical Chemistry by Basil H. Vessor & alen w. ; Wiley Interscience.
8. Topics in pure and Applied Chemistry, Ed. S. K. Rangrajan, SAEST Publication,
Karaikudi (India)

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

SEMESTER −IV
Optional−5
MCH-512: Medicinal Chemistry
Unit-I
Structure and activity:
Relationship between chemical structure and biological activity (SAR). Receptor Site
Theory. Approaches to drug design. Introduction to combinatorial synthesis in drug
discovery. Factors affecting bioactivity. QSAR-Free-Wilson analysis, Hansch analysis,
relationship between Free-Wilson analysis and Hansch analysis.

Unit-II
Pharmacodynamics:
Introduction, elementary treatment of enzymes stimulation, enzyme inhibition,
sulfonamides, membrane active drugs, drug metabolism, xenobiotics,
biotransformation, significance of drug metabolism in medicinal chemistry.

Unit-III
Antibiotics and antibacterials:
Introduction, Antibiotic β-Lactam type - Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Antitubercular.
Streptomycin, Broad spectrum antibiotics . Tetracyclines, Anticancer – Dactinomycin
(Actinomycin D)

Unit-IV
Antifungal
Polyenes, Antibacterial - Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Antiviral . Acyclovir
Antimalarials: Chemotherapy of malaria. SAR. Chloroquine, Chloroguanide and
Mefloquine

Unit-V
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs:
Diclofenac Sodium, Ibuprofen and Netopam
Antihistaminic and antiasthmatic agents:
Terfenadine, Cinnarizine, Salbutamol and Beclomethasone dipropionate.

Books Suggested:
1. Introduction to medicinal chemistry, A. Gringuage, Wiley-VCH.
2. Wilson and Gisvold’s Text Book of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutial Chemistry, Ed.
Robert F. Dorge.
3. An Introduction to Drug Design, S.S. Pandeya and J. R. Dimmock, New Age
International.
4. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vol-I (Chapter 9 and Chapter 14),
Ed. M.E. Wolff, John Wiley.
5. Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacoloical Basis of Therapeutics, Mc-GRaw- Hill.
6. The organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, R.B. Silverman, Academic
Press.
7. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design, D.Ledinicer, John Wiley.
8. Principals of Medicinal Chemistry W.O. Foye.
9. Medicinal Chemistry; The role of organic chemist in Drug Research, S.M. Roberts and B. J.
Pricer.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

PRACTICAL
(Duration: 6-8 hrs in each branch)

Practical examination shall be conducted separately for each branch in Second

semester (M.Sc. 2nd Year )

Inorganic Chemistry

Quantative determations of a three component mixture 35

Synthesis and characterization of metal complexes 20
Chromatography Separations 20
Record 10
Viva Voce 15
Total 100

1. Quantitative determinations of a three component mixture :

One Volumetrically and two gravimetrically

(i) Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+

(ii) Cu2+, Ni2+, Ag2+
(iii) Cu2+, Ni2+, Ba2+

2. Synthesis and characterization of following metal complexes:

(i) Sodium tetrathionate Na2S4O6.
(ii) Metal complex of dimethyl sulfoxide : CuCl2.2DMSO
(iii) Synthesis of metal acethylacetonate
(iv) Synthesis of copper and nickel Schiff base complexes.
(v) Synthesis of copper and nickel dithiocarbamates

3. Chromatographic Separations
(i) Cadmium and zinc
(ii) Zinc and magnesium.
(iii) Thin-layer / Paper chromatography-separation of nickel, manganese, cobalt and
zinc. Determination of Rf values.

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Physical Chemistry
Chemical Kinetics (determination of strength of two acids) 35
Determination of Equivalence conductance of strong 20
electrolyte and polarography
Spectroscopy and study of adsorption 20
Record 10
Viva Voce 15
Total 100

1. Chemical Kinetics (determination of strength of two acids)

(i) Determination of relative strengths of HCl and H2SO4 (k1 / k2) for the hydrolysis of
methyl acetate.
(ii) Determination of relative strengths of HNO3 and H2SO4 (k1 / k2) for the hydrolysis of
methyl acetate.

2. Determination of Equivalence conductance of following strong electrolyte:

(a) Equivalence conductance
(i) KCl
(ii) NaCl
(iii) AgNO3
(iv) HCl
(v) KNO3

(b) Polarography
i. Identification and estimation of metal ions such as Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and i2+ etc.
polarographically.
ii. Study of a metal ligand complex polarographically (using Lingane’s Method).

3. Spectroscopy and adsorption

(a) Spectroscopy
i. Determination of pKa of an indicator (e.g. methyl red) in (a) aqueous and (b)
micellar media.
ii. Determination of stoichiometry and stability constant of Ferric isothicoyanate
ion complex ion in solution.
(b) Adsorption
To study the adsorption of oxalic acid on activated charcoal and test the validity of
Freundilich’s adsorption isotherm.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

Organic Chemistry
Multistep of organic compounds 35
Isolation 20
Paper Chromatography 20
Record 10
Viva Voce 15
Total 100

1. Multi-step Synthesis of Organic Compounds

The exercise should illustrate the use of organic reagents and may involve purification
of the products by chromatographic techniques. Prepreparation in steps: Benzophenone
BenzpinacolBenzpinacolone Beckmann rearrangement : Benzanilide from benzene,
Benzene Benzophenone Benzphenone oxime Benzanilide, Benzilic acid
rearrangement : Benzilic acid from benzoin, BenzoinBenzilBenzilic acid Synthesis
of heterocyclic compounds Skraup synthesis : Preparation of quinoline from aniline,
Fisher Indole synthesis : Preparation of 2-phenylindole from phenylhydrazine,
Enzymatic synthesis Enzymatic synthesis Enzymatic reduction : reduction of ethyl
acetoacetate using Baker’s yeast to yield enantiomeric excess of S (+) ehtyl-3-
hydroxybutanoate and determine its optical purity. Biosynthesis of ethanol from
sucrose. Synthesis using microwave Alkylation of diethyl malonate with benzyl chloride.
Synthesis using phase transfer catalyst. Alkylation of diethyl malonate or ethyl
acetoacetate with an alkylhalide.

2. Isolation
1. Isolation of caffeine from tea leaves.
2. Isolation of casein from milk (the students are required to try some typical
colour reactions of proteins).
3. Isolation of lactose from milk (purity of sugar should be checked by LC and PC
and Rf values reported).
4. Isolation of nicotine dipicrate from tobacco.
5. Isolation of piperine from black pepper.
6. Isolation of lycopene from tomatoes.
7. Isolation of b-carotene from carrots.
8. Isolation of eugenol from clove.
9. Isolation of (+) limonine from citrus rind.

3. Paper Chromatography
Separation and identification of the sugars present in the given mixture of glucose,
fructose and sucrose by paper chromatography and determination of RF values/

Books Suggested
1. Inorganic Experimens, J. Derek Woolings, VCH.
2. Microscale Inorganic Chemistry, Z. Szafran, R.M, Pike and M.M. Singh, Wiley.
3. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, G. Marr and B. W. Rockett, Van Nostrad.
4. The systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, R.L. Shriner and D.Y. curlin.
5. A Pratical text book by Singh and Yadav, Pragati prakashan.
6. Findley’s Practical Physical chemistry, B.P. Levitt, Longman.
7. Advanced Physical Chemistry by Gurtu and Gurtu, Pragati Prakashan.

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 A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry

8. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behera, Tata McGraw Hill.

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