Polynomials

Exercise
1. Find the zeros of each of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship
between the zeros and their coefficients:
(i) f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8
Solution:
Given,
f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8
To find the zeros, we put f(x) = 0
⇒ x2 – 2x – 8 = 0
⇒ x2 - 4x + 2x - 8 = 0
⇒ x(x - 4) + 2(x - 4) = 0
⇒ (x - 4)(x + 2) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
x = 4 and x = -2

an tic am
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are 4 and -2.
Now, for verification

as a h
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of x / coefficient of x2
or m b

ip s
4 + (-2)= - (-2) / 1
D he am
2=2

li
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of x2

al
S at K

4 x (-2) = (-8) / 1
H M su

-8 = -8
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
ZP A. te

(ii) g(s) = 4s2 – 4s + 1

S. ka

Solution:
n
ve

Given,
g(s) = 4s2 – 4s + 1
To find the zeros, we put g(s) = 0
⇒ 4s2 – 4s + 1 = 0
⇒ 4s2 - 2s - 2s + 1= 0
⇒ 2s(2s - 1) - (2s - 1) = 0
⇒ (2s - 1)(2s – 1) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
s = 1/2 and s = 1/2
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are 1/2 and 1/2.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of s / coefficient of s2
1/2 + 1/2 = - (-4) / 4
1=1
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of s2
1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4
1/4 = 1/4
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
 (iii) h(t)=t2 – 15
Solution:
Given,
h(t) = t2 – 15 = t2 +(0)t – 15
To find the zeros, we put h(t) = 0
⇒ t2 – 15 = 0
⇒ (t + √15)(t - √15)= 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
t = √15 and t = -√15
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are √15 and -√15.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of t / coefficient of t2

an tic am
√15 + (-√15) = - (0) / 1
0=0

as a h
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of t2
or m b

ip s
√15 x (-√15) = -15/1
D he am
-15 = -15

li
al
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
S at K
H M su

(iv) f(x) = 6x2 – 3 – 7x

ZP A. te

Solution:
S. ka

Given,
f(x) = 6x2 – 3 – 7x
n

To find the zeros, we put f(x) = 0

ve

⇒ 6x2 – 3 – 7x = 0
⇒ 6x2 - 9x + 2x - 3 = 0
⇒ 3x(2x - 3) + 1(2x - 3) = 0
⇒ (2x - 3)(3x + 1) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
x = 3/2 and x = -1/3
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are 3/2 and -1/3.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of x / coefficient of x2
3/2 + (-1/3) = - (-7) / 6
7/6 = 7/6
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of x2
3/2 x (-1/3) = (-3) / 6
-1/2 = -1/2
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
 (v) p(x) = x2 + 2√2x – 6
Solution:
Given,
p(x) = x2 + 2√2x – 6
To find the zeros, we put p(x) = 0
⇒ x2 + 2√2x – 6 = 0
⇒ x2 + 3√2x - √2x - 6 = 0
⇒ x(x + 3√2) - √2 (x + 3√2) = 0
⇒ (x - √2)(x + 3√2) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
x = √2 and x = -3√2
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are √2 and -3√2.
Now, for verification

an tic am
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of x / coefficient of x2
√2 + (-3√2) = - (2√2) / 1

as a h
-2√2 = -2√2
or m b
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of x2

ip s
D he am
√2 x (-3√2) = (-6) / 2√2

li
-3 x 2 = -6/1

al
S at K

-6 = -6
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
H M su
ZP A. te

(vi) q(x)=√3x2 + 10x + 7√3

S. ka

Solution:
n

Given,
ve

q(x) = √3x2 + 10x + 7√3

To find the zeros, we put q(x) = 0
⇒ √3x2 + 10x + 7√3 = 0
⇒ √3x2 + 3x +7x + 7√3x = 0
⇒ √3x(x + √3) + 7 (x + √3) = 0
⇒ (x + √3)(√3x + 7) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
x = -√3 and x = -7/√3
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are -√3 and -7/√3.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of x / coefficient of x2
-√3 + (-7/√3) = - (10) /√3
(-3-7)/ √3 = -10/√3
-10/ √3 = -10/√3
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of x2
(-√3) x (-7/√3) = (7√3) / √3
7=7
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
 (vii) f(x) = x2 – (√3 + 1)x + √3
Solution:
Given,
f(x) = x2 – (√3 + 1)x + √3
To find the zeros, we put f(x) = 0
⇒ x2 – (√3 + 1)x + √3 = 0
⇒ x2 - √3x - x + √3 = 0
⇒ x(x - √3) - 1 (x - √3) = 0
⇒ (x - √3)(x - 1) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
x = √3 and x = 1
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are √3 and 1.

an tic am
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of x / coefficient of x2

as a h
√3 + 1 = - (-(√3 +1)) / 1
or m b

ip s
√3 + 1 = √3 +1
D he am
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of x2

li
1 x √3 = √3 / 1

al
S at K

√3 = √3
H M su

Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.

ZP A. te

(viii) g(x)=a(x2+1)–x(a2+1)
S. ka

Solution:
n

Given,
ve

g(x) = a(x2+1)–x(a2+1)
To find the zeros, we put g(x) = 0
⇒ a(x2+1)–x(a2+1) = 0
⇒ ax2 + a − a2x – x = 0
⇒ ax2 − a2x – x + a = 0
⇒ ax(x − a) − 1(x – a) = 0
⇒ (x – a)(ax – 1) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
x = a and x = 1/a
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are a and 1/a.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of x / coefficient of x2
a + 1/a = - (-(a2 + 1)) / a
(a2 + 1)/a = (a2 + 1)/a
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of x2
a x 1/a = a / a
1=1
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
 (ix) h(s) = 2s2 – (1 + 2√2)s + √2
Solution:
Given,
h(s) = 2s2 – (1 + 2√2)s + √2
To find the zeros, we put h(s) = 0
⇒ 2s2 – (1 + 2√2)s + √2 = 0
⇒ 2s2 – 2√2s – s + √2 = 0
⇒ 2s(s – √2) -1(s - √2) = 0
⇒ (2s - 1)(s - √2) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
x = √2 and x = 1/2
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are √3 and 1.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of s / coefficient of s2

an tic am
√2 + 1/2 = - (-(1 + 2√2)) / 2
(2√2 + 1)/2 = (2√2 +1)/2

as a h
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of s2
or m b

ip s
1/2 x √2 = √2 / 2
D he am
√2 / 2 = √2 / 2

li
al
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
S at K

(x) f(v) = v2 + 4√3v - 15

H M su
ZP A. te

Solution:
Given,
S. ka

f(v) = v2 + 4√3v – 15
To find the zeros, we put f(v) = 0
n

⇒ v2 + 4√3v – 15 = 0
ve

⇒ v2 + 5√3v - √3v - 15 = 0
⇒ v(v + 5√3) - √3 (v + 5√3) = 0
⇒ (v - √3)(v + 5√3) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
v = √3 and v = -5√3
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are √3 and -5√3.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of v / coefficient of v2
√3 + (-5√3) = - (4√3) / 1
-4√3 = -4√3
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of v2
√3 x (-5√3) = (-15) / 1
-5 x 3 = -15
-15 = -15
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.

(xi) p(y) = y2 + (3√5/2)y – 5

Solution:
Given,
p(y) = y2 + (3√5/2)y – 5
To find the zeros, we put f(v) = 0
⇒ y2 + (3√5/2)y – 5 = 0
⇒ y2 - √5/2 y + 2√5y - 5 = 0
⇒ y(y - √5/2) + 2√5 (y - √5/2) = 0
⇒ (y + 2√5)(y - √5/2) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
y = √5/2 and y = -2√5
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are √5/2 and -2√5.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of y / coefficient of y2
√5/2 + (-2√5) = - (3√5/2) / 1

an tic am
-3√5/2 = -3√5/2
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of y2

as a h
√5/2 x (-2√5) = (-5) / 1
or m b

ip s
- (√5)2 = -5
D he am
-5 = -5

li
al
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
S at K

(xii) q(y) = 7y2 - (11/3)y – 2/3

H M su
ZP A. te

Solution:
Given,
S. ka

q(y) = 7y2 - (11/3)y – 2/3

n

To find the zeros, we put q(y) = 0

ve

⇒ 7y2 - (11/3)y – 2/3 = 0

⇒ (21y2 - 11y -2)/3 = 0
⇒ 21y2 - 11y - 2 = 0
⇒ 21y2 - 14y + 3y - 2 = 0
⇒ 7y(3y - 2) – 1(3y + 2) = 0
⇒ (3y - 2)(7y + 1) = 0
This gives us 2 zeros, for
y = 2/3 and y = -1/7
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are 2/3 and -1/7.
Now, for verification
Sum of zeros = - coefficient of y / coefficient of y2
2/3 + (-1/7) = - (-11/3) / 7
-11/21 = -11/21
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of y2
2/3 x (-1/7) = (-2/3) / 7
- 2/21 = -2/21
Therefore, the relationship between zeros and their coefficients is verified.
2. For each of the following, find a quadratic polynomial whose sum and product respectively of
the zeros are as given. Also, find the zeros of these polynomials by factorization.
(i) -8/3 , 4/3
Solution:

A quadratic polynomial formed for the given sum and product of zeros is given by:
f(x) = x2 + -(sum of zeros) x + (product of roots)
Here, the sum of zeros is = -8/3 and product of zero= 4/3
Thus,
The required polynomial f(x) is,
⇒ x2 - (-8/3)x + (4/3)
⇒ x2 + 8/3x + (4/3)
So, to find the zeros we put f(x) = 0
⇒ x2 + 8/3x + (4/3) = 0

an tic am
⇒ 3x2 + 8x + 4 = 0
⇒ 3x2 + 6x + 2x + 4 = 0

as a h
⇒ 3x(x + 2) + 2(x + 2) = 0
⇒ or m b

ip s
(x + 2) (3x + 2) = 0
D he am
⇒ (x + 2) = 0 and, or (3x + 2) = 0

li
Therefore, the two zeros are -2 and -2/3.

al
S at K

(ii) 21/8 , 5/16

H M su

Solution:
ZP A. te

A quadratic polynomial formed for the given sum and product of zeros is given by:
S. ka

f(x) = x2 + -(sum of zeros) x + (product of roots)

Here, the sum of zeros is = 21/8 and product of zero = 5/16
n

Thus,
ve

The required polynomial f(x) is,

⇒ x2 - (21/8)x + (5/16)
⇒ x2 - 21/8x + 5/16
So, to find the zeros we put f(x) = 0
⇒ x2 - 21/8x + 5/16 = 0
⇒ 16x2 - 42x + 5 = 0
⇒ 16x2 - 40x - 2x + 5 = 0
⇒ 8x(2x - 5) - 1(2x - 5) = 0
⇒ (2x - 5) (8x - 1) = 0
⇒ (2x - 5) = 0 and, or (8x - 1) = 0
Therefore, the two zeros are 5/2 and 1/8.

(iii) -2√3, -9
Solution:

A quadratic polynomial formed for the given sum and product of zeros is given by:
f(x) = x2 + -(sum of zeros) x + (product of roots)
Here, the sum of zeros is = -2√3 and product of zero = -9
 Thus,
The required polynomial f(x) is,
⇒ x2 - (-2√3)x + (-9)
⇒ x2 + 2√3x – 9
So, to find the zeros we put f(x) = 0
⇒ x2 + 2√3x – 9 = 0
⇒ x2 + 3√3x - √3x – 9 = 0
⇒ x(x + 3√3) - √3(x + 3√3) = 0
⇒ (x + 3√3) (x - √3) = 0
⇒ (x + 3√3) = 0 and, or (x - √3) = 0
Therefore, the two zeros are -3√3and √3.

(iv) -3/2√5, -1/2

Solution:

an tic am
A quadratic polynomial formed for the given sum and product of zeros is given by:

as a h
f(x) = x2 + -(sum of zeros) x + (product of roots)
or m b

ip s
Here, the sum of zeros is = -3/2√5 and product of zero = -1/2
D he am
Thus,

li
The required polynomial f(x) is,

al
S at K

⇒ x2 - (-3/2√5)x + (-1/2)
⇒ x2 + 3/2√5x – 1/2
H M su

So, to find the zeros we put f(x) = 0

⇒ x2 + 3/2√5x – 1/2 = 0
ZP A. te

⇒ 2√5x2 + 3x - √5 = 0
S. ka

⇒ 2√5x2 + 5x – 2x - √5 = 0
⇒ √5x(2x + √5) - 1(2x + √5) = 0
n

⇒ (2x + √5) (√5x - 1) = 0

ve

⇒ (2x + √5) = 0 and, or (√5x - 1) = 0

Therefore, the two zeros are -√5/2 and 1/√5.

3. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 – 5x + 4, find the value of 1/α + 1/β
– 2αβ.
Solution:

From the question, it’s given that:

α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial f(x) where a = 1, b = -5 and c = 4
So, we can find
Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = - (-5)/1 = -5
Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = 4/1 = 4
To find, 1/α +1/β – 2αβ
⇒ [(α +β)/ αβ] – 2αβ
⇒ (-5)/ 4 – 2(4) = -5/4 – 8 = -27/ 4

4. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial p(y) = 5y2 – 7y + 1, find the value of 1/α+1/β.
Solution:
 From the question, it’s given that:
α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial f(x) where a =5, b = -7 and c = 1
So, we can find
Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = - (-7)/5 = 7/5
Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = 1/5
To find, 1/α +1/β
⇒ (α +β)/ αβ
⇒ (7/5)/ (1/5) = 7

5. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x)=x2 – x – 4, find the value of 1/α+1/β–αβ.
Solution:

From the question, it’s given that:

an tic am
α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial f(x) where a = 1, b = -1 and c = - 4
So, we can find

as a h
Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = - (-1)/1 = 1
or m b
Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = -4 /1 = - 4

ip s
D he am
To find, 1/α +1/β – αβ

li
⇒ [(α +β)/ αβ] – αβ

al
[(1)/ (-4)] – (-4) = -1/4 + 4 = 15/ 4
S at K

⇒
H M su

6. If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 + x – 2, find the value of 1/α – 1/β.
Solution:
ZP A. te
S. ka

From the question, it’s given that:

α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial f(x) where a = 1, b = 1 and c = - 2
n

So, we can find

ve

Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = - (1)/1 = -1

Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = -2 /1 = - 2
To find, 1/α - 1/β
⇒ [(β - α)/ αβ]
⇒

7. If one of the zero of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 4x2 – 8kx – 9 is negative of the other, then
find the value of k.
Solution:

From the question, it’s given that:

The quadratic polynomial f(x) where a = 4, b = -8k and c = - 9
And, for roots to be negative of each other, let the roots be α and – α.
So, we can find
Sum of the roots = α - α = -b/a = - (-8k)/1 = 8k = 0 [∵ α - α = 0]
⇒ k=0
8. If the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(t)=kt2 + 2t + 3k is equal to their product,
then find the value of k.
Solution:

Given,
The quadratic polynomial f(t)=kt2 + 2t + 3k, where a = k, b = 2 and c = 3k.
And,
Sum of the roots = Product of the roots
⇒ (-b/a) = (c/a)
⇒ (-2/k) = (3k/k)
⇒ (-2/k) = 3
∴ k = -2/3

9. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial p(x) = 4x2 – 5x – 1, find the value of α2β+αβ2.

an tic am
Solution:

as a h
From the question, it’s given that:
or m b
α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial p(x) where a = 4, b = -5 and c = -1

ip s
D he am
So, we can find

li
Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = - (-5)/4 = 5/4

al
S at K

Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = -1/4

To find, α2β+αβ2
H M su

⇒ αβ(α +β)
⇒
ZP A. te

(-1/4)(5/4) = -5/16
S. ka

10. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(t)=t2– 4t + 3, find the value of α4β3+α3β4.
Solution:
n
ve

From the question, it’s given that:

α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial f(t) where a = 1, b = -4 and c = 3
So, we can find
Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = - (-4)/1 = 4
Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = 3/1 = 3
To find, α4β3+α3β4
⇒ α3β3 (α +β)
⇒ (αβ)3 (α +β)
⇒ (3)3 (4) = 27 x 4 = 108