SANAYSAY

Ayon kay Alejandro G. Abadilla, "nakasulat na karanasan ng isang sanay sa pagsasalaysay. ang
sanaysay ay nagmula sa 2 salita, ang sanay at pagsasalaysay. Ito ay panitikang tuluyan na nagalalahad ng kuru-
kuro, damdamin, kaisipan, saloobin, reaksyon at iba pa ng manunulat hinggil sa isang makabuluhan, mahalaga
at napapanahong paksa o isyu.

Mahalaga nag pagsusulat at pagbabasa ng sanaysay sapagkat natututo ang mambabasa mula sa
inilalahad na kaalaman at kaisipang taglay ng isang manunulat. nakikilala rin ng mga mambabasa ang manunulat
dahil sa paraan ng pagkasulat nito, sapaggamit ng salita at sa lawak ng kaalaman sa paksa.

URI NG SANAYSAY

Pormal - sanaysay na tumatalakay sa mga seryosong paksa at nangangailangan ng masusing pag-aaral at

malalim na pagkaunawa sa paksa. Inaakay ng manunulat ang mga manbabasa sa malalim na pag-iisip upang
makabuo ng sariling pagpapasya at kumilos pagkatapos.
Di-pormal - sanaysay na tumatalakay sa mga paksang magaan, karaniwan, pang-araw-arawat personal.
binibigyang diin ng manunulat ang mga bagay-bagay, mga karanasan o isyung maaaring magpakilala ng
personalidad ng manunulat o pakikisangkot niya sa mga mambabasa.

SANGKAP NG SANAYSAY

Tema at Nilalaman - anuman ang nilalaman ng isang sanaysay ay itinuturing na paksa dahil sa layunin
sapagkakasulat nitoat kaisipang ibinahagi.

Anyo at Istraktura - ang anayo sat istruktura ng sanaysay ay isang mahalagang sangkap sapagkat
nakaaapekto ito sa pagkaunawa ng mga mambabasa, ang maayos na pagkakasunud-sunod ng edeya o
pangyayari ay makatututlong sa mambabasa sa pagkaunawa sa sanaysay.

Wika at Istilo - ang uri at antas ng wika at istilo ng pagkakagamit nito ay nakaapekto rin sa pagkaunawa ng
mambabasa, higt na mabuting gumamit ng simple, natural at matapat na mga pahayag.

BAHAGI NG SANAYSAY

Panimula - ang pinakamahalagang bahagi ng isang sanaysay sapagkat ito ang unag titingnan ng mga
mambabasa, dapat nakapupukaw ng atansyon ang panimula upangipagpatuloy ng mamababasa ang pagbasa sa
akda.

Katawan - Sa bahaging ito ang sanaysaya makikita ang pagtalakay sa mahahalagang puntos ukol sa tema at
nilalaman ng sanaysay, dapat ipaliwanag nang mabuti ang bawat puntos upang maunawaan ito ng maigi ng
mambabasa.

Wakas - nagsasara sa talakayang naganap sa katawan ng sanaysay. Sa bahaging ito nahahamon ang pag-
iisip ng mambabasa na maisakatuparan ang mga tinalakay ng sanaysay.
Paglalayag sa Puso ng Isang Bata
ni Genoveva-Edroza Matute

Isang araw, inilarawan ni Genoveva ang kanyang estudyante noon.

Ang batang estudyante noon. Ang batang estudyante ang pinakapangit
at pinakamaliit sa klase nila. Palaging napapansin ang kanyang pangong
ilong. At palagi niyang kakatuwang punto na siya'y galing sa ibang pook.
Siya man ang laging naasar, ang batang estudyante ay palaging
nagpapaiwan tuwing hapon upang tumulong maglinis at pulitin ang
mga basurang nakakalat. Kapag siya'y magpapaalam na, lagi niyang
kataga ang "Good-bye teacher". Nalaman ng guro na siya'y isang ulila na
galing sa lalawigan at lumuwas sa lungsod upang mamasukan bilang
katulong. Naramdaman ng guro na kailangan rin ng batang estudyante
na sumaya dahil ito'y karapatan ng bawat isa sa atin. Napagtanto ng
guro na siya'y pasiyahin at paligayahin. Di nagtagal nagkaroon ng
tahimik na ugnayan ang guro at bata. Nahuhuli na niya itong naglalaro
at nakikipaghabulan. Isang araw, uminit ang ulo ng guro. At ito'y
ikinanliit sa upuan ng bata. Buong araw hindi naglaro ang munting bata.
Subalit kahit ganoon ang nangyari, hindi pa rin nakalimot ang
estudyante sa mga ginagawa niya para sa guro sa araw-araw. At dahil sa
ginawang ito ng bata, nasabi ng guro sa kanyang sarili na ang kanyang
mabuting estudyante ay kanyang naging guro.
The Taximan’s Story
by Catherine Lim

Very good, Madam. Sure, will take you there in plenty good time for your meeting, Madam.
This way better, less traffic, less car jams. Half hour should make it, Madam, so not to worry.

What is it you say, Madam? Yes, yes, ha, ha, been taxi-man for twenty years now, Madam.
Long time ago, Singapore not like this–so crowded so busy. Last time more peaceful, not so much
taxi-men, or so much cars and buses.

Yes, Madam, can make a living. So, so, What to do. Must work hard if wants to success in
Singapore. People like us, no education, no capital for business, we must sweat to earn money for
wife and children.

Yes. Madam, quite big family–eight children, six sons, two daughters. Big family! Ha! ha!
No good, Madam. In those days, where got Family Planning in Singapore? People born many,
many children, every year, one child. Is no good at all. Today is much better. Two children, three
children, enough, stop. Our goverment say stop.

Lucky for me, all my children big now. Four of my sons working–one a businessman, two
clerks, one a teacher in Primary school, one in National Service, one still schooling, in Secondary
Two. My eldest daughter, she is twenty plus, stay at home, help the mother. No, not married yet–
very shy, and her health not so good, but a good, obedient girl. My other girl–Oh, Madam! very
hard for father when daughter is no good and go against her parents. Very sad, like punishment
from God Today, young people not like us when we are young. We obey. Our parents say don’t
do this, we never do. Otherwise, the cane. My father cane me, I was big enough to be married, and
still, got caning. My father he was very strict, and that is good thing for parents to be strict. If not,
young boys and girls become very useless. Do not want to study, but run away, and go to night
clubsand take drugs and make love. You agree with me. Madam? Today, young people they are
very trouble to their parents. Madam, you see this young people over there, outside the coffee-
house? See what I mean, Madam? They are only school boys and school girls, but they act like big
shots, spending money, smoking, wearing latest fashion, and making love. Ah Madam, I know, I
know! As taxi-man, I know them and their habits. Madam, you are a teacher, you say? You know
or not that young school girls, fifteen, sixteen years old, they go to school in the morning in their
uniforms and then after school, they don’t go home, they have clothes in their school bag, and
they go to public lavatory or hotel and change into these clothes, and they put make-up on their
face. Their parents never know. They tell their Mum got school meeting, got sports and games,
this, that, but they really come out and play the fool. Ah, Madam, I see you surprise, but I know, I
know all their tricks. I take them about in my taxi. They usual is wait in bowling alley or coffee
house or hotel, and they walk up, and friend, friend, the European and American tourists, and this
is how they make fun and also extra money. Madam, you believe or not when I tell you how much
money they got? I say! Last night, Madam, this young girl, very pretty and made-up, and wear
sexy dress, she told me take her to Orchid Mansions–this place famous, Madam, fourth floor flat–
and she open her purse to pay me, and I say! all American notes–ten dollar notes all, and she pull
one out and say keep change! as she has no time already. Madam, I tell you this, every month, I
got more money from these young girls and their American and European boyfriends in my taxi,
more than I get from other people who bargain and say don’t want go by meter and wait even for
ten cents change. Phui!! Some of them really make me mad. But these young girls and their
boyfriends don’t bargain, they just pay, pay, and they make love in taxi so much they don’t know
if you go round and round and charge them by meter! I tell you, Madam, some of them don’t care
how much they spend on taxi. It is like this: after 1p.m. taxi fare double, and I prefer working this
time, because naturally, much more money. I go and wait outside Elroy Hotel or Tung Court or
Orchid Mansions, and such enough, Madam, will have plenty business. Last Saturday, Madam, no
joking, on one day alone I make nearly one hundred and fifty dollars! Some of it for services.
Some of tourists don’t know where, so I tell them and take them there, and that’s extra money. Ah
Madam, if I tell you all, no end to the story. But I will tell you this, Madam. If you have young
daughter and she say Mummy I got meeting today in school and will not come home, you must
not say, Yes, yes, but you must go and ask her where and why and who, and you find out. Today
young people not to trust, like young people in many years ago. Oh, Madam, I tell you because I
myself have a daughter–oh, Madam, a daughter I love very much, and she is so good and study
hard. And I see her report cards and her teacher write’ Good work’ and ‘Excellent’ so on, so on.
Oh, Madam, she my favorite child, and I ask her what she want to be after left school, and she
says go to University. None of my other children could go to University, but this one, she is very
smart and intelligent–no boasting, Madam–her teachers write ‘Good’ and ‘Excellent’, and so on,
so on, in her report cards. She study at home, and help the mother, but sometimes a little lazy, and
she say teacher want her to go back to school to do extra work, extra coaching, in her weak
subject, which is math, Madam. So I let her stay back in school and day after day she come home
in evening, then she do her studies and go to sleep. Then one day, oh Madam, it makes me so
angry even now–one day, I in my taxi driving, driving along and hey! I see a girl looking like my
Lay Choo, with other girls and some Europeans outside a coffee-house but I think, it cannot be
Lay Choo, how can, Lay Choo is in school, and this girl is all dressed up and make-up, and very
bold in her behaviour, and this is not like my daughter at all. Then they go inside the coffee-house,
and my heart is very, very–how you describe it, Madam, My heart is very ‘susah hati’ and I say to
myself, I will watch that Lay Choo and see her monkey tricks. The very next day she is there
again I stop my taxi, Madam, and I am so angry. I rush up to this wicked daughter and I catch her
by the shoulders and neck, and slap her and she scream, but I don’t care. Then I drag her to my
taxi and drive all the way home, and at home I thrash the stupid food and I beat her and slap her
till like hell. My wife and some neighbors they pull me away, and I think if they not pull me away,
I sure to kill that girl. I lock her up in her room for three days, and I ashamed to tell her teacher, so
I just tell the teacher that Lay Choo is sick, so please to excuse her. Oh, Madam, how you feel in
my place? Make herself so cheap, when her father drive taxi all day to save money for her
University. What is it, Madam? Yes, yes, everything okay now, thank you. She cannot leave the
house except to go to school, and I tell her mother always check, check in everything she do, and
her friends–what sort of people they are…What, Madam? Oh, so sorry, Madam, cannot wait for
you to finish your meeting. Must go off, please to excuse me. In a hurry, Madam. Must go off to
Hotel Elroy–there plenty people to pick up. So very sorry, Madam, and thank you very much.