Q Bank For Waste Generation and Management

Waste Generation and Management – Assignment- 15
Name of Student: ____________________________________ Std 10 ______

Scheduled Date of submission: ____________ Actual Date of submission:_____________
Teacher’s Sign: ___________________
1.How does domestic waste affect environment?

Sewage from human excreta causes water pollution. Plastic covers, bottles and tins are non-
biodegradable wastes which pollute the environment
2. Name any two biodegradable wastes.

Plants and animal excreta, kitchen waste like fruit and vegetable peels, human excreta, manure
3. Name the wastes that are connected with municipalities.
Construction waste, packaging materials, vehicular waste, garbage from restaurant and shops,
wastes from offices
4. What is the need for waste management in the modern world?
Increased urbanization leads to increase in population. More population means more waste
generated. This leads to depletion and degradation of resources and disturbs natural balance and
affects all types of life.
5. Name the hazardous sources of wastes generated from agriculture.
Polluted water with harmful pesticides, insecticides
6. Why is hospital waste considered hazardous?
Hospital wastes can lead to spread of infectious diseases
7. What kind of threat is faced by mankind by radiation?

Nuclear radiation is life threatening. It can affect the DNA in all species of life on earth. It is
radioactive in nature and may cause permanent disabilities especially in humans
8. Name two types of nuclear waste. In what ways are they harmful to man?
Uranium waste is generated during the process of seperation and processing to generate fuel and
waste generated when thorium is converted into uranium. They are radio active which can alter and
permanently damage human DNA
9. What type of pollution is generated by a cement factory? Why is it harmful?
Air pollution is generated when limestone is heated to form cement. It is harmful as it releases
minute particles which remain suspended in air and can be inhaled by humans and animals
10. Why is it important to dispose sewage waste efficiently?
Undisposed wastes spoils the beauty of landscapes and pollutes the environment, damages flora and
fauna, creates breeding ground for disease spreading agents, spoils cultivable lands, contaminates
ground water and affects food chains
11. What type of waste does a mine produce? How is it harmful for workers?
Mines produce fine rock particles which when inhaled by workers can cause breathing problems
12.Why is it necessary to make people aware of the importance of waste management?
Unmanaged waste spoils the beauty of landscapes and pollutes the environment, damages flora and
fauna, creates breeding ground for disease spreading agents, spoils cultivable lands, contaminates
ground water and affects food chains
13.Why should wastes be segregated?
Segregation of wastes is necessary so that they can be either reused or recycled or destroyed faster
14. What do you mean by spoilage of landscape? How does it affect the environment>
Spoilage of landscape indicates destruction of the topography and natural beauty of a place. This
leads to damage of flora and fauna
15. What is meant by pollutant? Give two examples of air pollution.
Any unwanted substance which when mixes with any natural resource like water, air or soil makes
it harmful for life is called a pollutant. Acid rain, smog are examples of air pollution
16. Name any two diseases caused by air pollution.
Asthma and lung cancer
17.What is meant by eutrophication? How does it affect aquatic life?
Excessive increase of plant growth in water bodies due to increased runoff is called eutrophication.
This leads to decrease in oxygen required by marine life.
18. Name any three diseases caused due to water pollution.
Diarrhoea, dysentery, Typhoid, Cholera
19. How is acid rain caused? What are its effects?
Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and
react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. It proces
acids which are harmful as it destroys buildings and causes diseases in humans
20.What are the hazards caused due to soil pollution?
Soil pollution can have very harmful effects on humans, animals and plants health. It can cause
neuromuscular blockage as well as depression of the central nervous system, headaches, nausea,
fatigue, eye irritation and skin rash.
21. What are the effects of untreated solid wastes?
Untreated solid wastes can cause risk of injury, and infection. create conditions favourable to the
survival and growth of microbial pathogens.Co-disposal of industrial hazardous waste with
municipal waste can expose people to chemical and radioactive hazards. Uncollected solid waste
can also obstruct storm water runoff, resulting in the forming of stagnant water bodies that become
the breeding ground of disease. Waste dumped near a water source also causes contamination of the
water body or the ground water source. Direct dumping of untreated waste in rivers, seas, and lakes
results in the accumulation of toxic substances in the food chain through the plants and animals that
feed on it.
22. Why is it important to have proper disposal of waste?
Proper methods of waste disposal have to be undertaken to ensure that it does not affect the
environment around the area or cause health hazards to the people living there.
23.Name some diseases spread by industrial effluents.

Chronic health problems, respiratory disorders, brain disorders
24. How do farm waste affect human life? Name any two harmful substances they contain.
Farm wastes contain harmful chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides. They may contain
substances like DDT that poisons food
25. How does DDT and plastic affect the marine life?
Both accumulate in animal tissues and are transferred into food chains
26.In what ways are developing countries facing more problems than developed countries in
managing waste?
he developing countries face more challenges and several limitations shrink the possibilities of how
they can manage their waste in an efficient manner..The waste management sector requires solid
technical expertise, knowledge and support, which is visibly absent in numerous developing
countries. They also lack the human resources that have enough experience to handle waste
efficiently. There are limited opportunities for one to learn about waste management in educational
institutes or through on-job training programs. Because of these constraints Developing countries
do not consist of many agencies that have the necessary financial support to carry out effective
waste management as compared to those in developed countries. Unfortunately, solid waste
management is not considered a priority and limited funds are allocated to it
27. Write a brief note on the need for management of waste in India.
In India, a proper waste management system is urgent necessary for the following reasons:
(a) To control different types of pollution, i.e., air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution etc.;
(b) To stop the spread of infectious diseases.;
(c) To conserve all our environmental resources, including forest, minerals water etc.;
(f) To recycling of hazardous wastes for further production.
28. What is meant by e-waste? Why is it important to recycle it?

E-waste is generated from items which belong to the electronics industry. They affect each and
every system of human body. The health effects of these toxins on humans include birth defects,
brain, heart, liver, kidney and skeletal system damage. They will also significantly affect the
nervous and reproductive systems of the human body.
29. Why is it necessary to segregate waste at source?

It is necessary so that the waste generated is better understood and consequently recycled and
reused with higher potential for recovery.
30. What precautions should be observed while collecting the waste?
Manual handling should be avoided, body should be completely covered. Face masks are
compulsory
31. Why should the waste bins be covered?
Covered waste bins do not allow bad odour to spread outside. They also prevent animals and birds
to collect harmful substances and disperse them everywhere
32. Why should manual handling of waste be avoided?

Manual handling waste can lead to absorption of toxic substance through skin, may risk in injury or
accident
33. How is waste transferred? What happens if the vehicles used for transportation wastes are not
covered?
Waste is transferred through closed transport vehicles. Uncovered vehicles may spread the waste
due to wind as well as spread bad odour
34. What are landfills? What factors must be kept in mind while planning a landfill?
Landfills are large areas in outskirts of a city where waste is dumped or buried. Factors to be
considered while choosing landfill sites are- Land requirement and cost, Accessibility, Cover,
Climatic factors and Topography
35. State the problems associated with landfills.

Landfill sites have folowwing problems- Bad odour, Contamination of surrounding water supplies
and soil, Creation of explosive methane gas
36. What do you mean by the term composting?

Composting means converting biodegradable organic waste into useful manure
37. Explain the process of composting in brief.
All biodegradable waste is dumped into a pit and covered with soil. This leads to decomposition of
waste into humus
38. State any three advantages of composting.
Composting enriches soil, helping retain moisture and suppress plant diseases and pests. It also
encourages the production of beneficial bacteria and fungi that break down organic matter to create
humus, a rich nutrient-filled material. It reduces methane emissions from landfills and lowers your
carbon footprint.
39. What is the major problem associated with sewage and waste water treatment?
Most have outdated lines, plants cant handle both sewage and rain water at the same time, so water
is released into waterways without treatment.
40. Explain the method of sludge treatment.
Sludge is treated with chemical and biological technologies and filtered. Aerobic and anaerobic
methods are also used to treat sludge
41. What is meant by incineration? What are its advantages?
Incineration means burning of primary organic compounds under controlled high temperatures. Its
advantages are- releases energy which can be converted into electricity, large quantities of
hazardous waste can be dealt with, killing of pathogenic organisms
42. State two methods for managing waste efficiently and properly.
Segregate the waste properly, use landfills, compost such waste and recycle as much as possible
43. In what ways can we reduce the generation of waste?
We can change appearance of things a little like
Old pieces of cloth- dolls, cushion covers, doormats etc
New notebooks from unused pages of old notebooks
Reuse old tyres, tin can, glass bottles
Handicrafts from waste materials
-Flyash from cement plant-
-Cement substitute
-Making of roads, filling up low lying areas
-Making bricks
44. How can we utilize the household wastes?

Biodegradable items can be converted into compost and used in kitchen gardens. Bottles and tins
can be artistically used for various purposes
45. In what ways can the government make people aware of the advantages of recycling waste?
Awareness campaigns, training people to segregate wastes and provide different types of waste
bins, subsidy for purchasing compost pits for all types of use, advertisements, exhibitions, public
meetings and rallies
46. What substitutes would you suggest in place of plastic and polythene bags which are non-
biodegradable?
Paper bags, jute bags
47. What is meant by the 3 R’s? Explain each of them with examples.
Reduce- make lesser usage of products which are non-biodegradable
Reuse- convert waste products by changing their appearance and use them again
Recycle- process waste into raw materials which can be used for manufacturing other products
48. How can you recycle paper?
Paper is taken from the bin and deposited in a large recycling container along with paper from other
recycling bins. The paper is taken to a recycling plant where it is separated into types and grades.
The separated paper is then washed with soapy water to remove inks, plastic film, staples and glue.
The paper is put into a large holder where it is mixed with water to create ‘slurry’.By adding
different materials to the slurry, different paper products can be created, such as cardboard,
newsprints or office paper. The slurry is spread using large rollers into large thin sheets. The paper
is left to dry, and then it is rolled up ready to be cut and sent back to the shops.
49. What is the government’s role in implementation of laws to reduce pollution?
Make strict rules and regulations and penalize people who break the rules.
50. How can the society help in saving our environment?
Society has to be aware of the manner in which we are destroying our environment. The people
have to come together and pledge allegiance to implement the 3 R’s to protect earth from possible
destruction. People should hold each other accountable at all times.
51. What is the role of an individual in keeping the city clean and pollution free?
An individual can do the following:
Recycle organic waste by making composting pits
Safe disposal of batteries, mobiles, other e-waste
Minimize usage of chemical detergents, cleaners.
Use organic substitutes
Reuse paper envelopes, notebooks, plastic bags, cards, glass etc
Buying recycled products, rechargeable batteries
Develop awareness- stop using polybags, styrofoam etc.
Conserve energy and invest in energy efficient homes
52. Name two common diseases caused as a result of gaseous pollutants.

Respiratory and lung diseases like asthma, leukemia, cardiovascular problems, liver cancer etc.

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Waste Generation and Management – Assignment- 15

Name of Student: ______________________________ Std 10

1.How does domestic waste affect environment?

2. Name any two biodegradable wastes.

7. What kind of threat is faced by mankind by radiation?

23.Name some diseases spread by industrial effluents.

28. What is meant by e-waste? Why is it important to recycle it?

29. Why is it necessary to segregate waste at source?

32. Why should manual handling of waste be avoided?

35. State the problems associated with landfills.

36. What do you mean by the term composting?

44. How can we utilize the household wastes?

52. Name two common diseases caused as a result of gaseous pollutants.

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