27.08.2020 - Foundation Course
27.08.2020 - Foundation Course
27.08.2020 - Foundation Course
Stations
3
Basic Definitions
• Concept of Normative
• Repair and Maintenance (R&M)
• Renovation and Modernization (R&M)
• Appellate Tribunal and CERC
• Appellate Tribunal for Electricity has been established by Central Government for
those who are not satisfied with the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission’s
order or with an order of SERC. The Tribunal has the authority to overrule or
amend that order.
• The tribunal has to be approached within 45 days from getting the order by the
aggrieved person.
4
Evolution of Bulk Power Tariff
Single part based on BPSA
1985 – 87
Mutual Negotiation
Umpire Award
Single part based on MOU
1982 – 85 1987-1992
Mutual Negotiation (Still Single Part)
GOI
Two part- 30.03.1992 for
Tariff Regulation 2001-04, ECC Study on IPP
2004-09,2009-14 by Tariff & Regulatory GOI
CERC Reform
1994
Prior to 1992 : Single Part Tariff – set through MOU / BPSA / by the
Central Govt .
6
Two part – K P Rao
Since November’1992, the tariff notifications based on K P Rao Committee
recommendations were issued by GOI.
7
Two part – K P Rao
8
Background
• In the year 1994, M/s ECC of USA was appointed under a grant from Asian
Development Bank to undertake a comprehensive study of the Indian power
system and recommend a suitable tariff structure.
• A National Task Force (NTF) was constituted by the Ministry of Power in February,
1995 to oversee the implementation of ECC's recommendations. Based on NTF
deliberations between 1995 and 1998, Ministry of Power had crystallized the
formulation for the so-called Availability-based tariff (ABT).
Regulatory Framework Evolution
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission Set up in Aug 1998
under Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act,1998. Apart from
CERC, the act also introduced a provision for the states to
create SERC.
13 13
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
Capacity Charge
Based on the Annual Fixed Cost (AFC)
• Servicing of Capital Cost
14 14
sm1 CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
‒ All the expenditure incurred or projected till SCOD for land and
equipment
• The assets forming part of the project, but not in use (Hydrogen Generation plant)
• Decapitalisation of Asset
• the proportionate cost of land which is being used for generating power from
generating station based on renewable energy
• Provided that any grant received from the Central or State Government or any
statutory body or authority for the execution of the project which does not carry
any liability of repayment shall be excluded from the Capital Cost for the purpose
of computation of interest on loan, return on equity and depreciation;
• Adjustment of revenue in excess of fuel cost due to sale of infirm power prior to
COD, Interest on deposits and LD recovered from agency
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CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
Unit Size in No of Total Hard cost Unit Size in MW No of units Total Hard cost
MW units (Rs. Cr/ MW) (Rs. Cr/ MW)
500 1 to 4 5.08 -4.34 660 1 to 4 5.37-4.37
(Greenfield) (Greenfield)
500 1 to 2 4.92-4.53 660 1 to 2 4.95-4.67
(Extension) (Extension)
600 1 to 4 4.87-4.01 800 1 to 4 4.96-4.44
(Greenfield) (Greenfield)
600 1 to 2 4.47-4.19 800 1 to 2 4.63-4.44
(Extension) (Extension)
17 17
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
18
Additional Capitalization
Additional
Capitalization
Within Beyond
original scope original scope
of work of work
21 21
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
Additional Capitalization for existing projects
original scope and after the cut-off date
In case of replacement of assets deployed under the original scope of the existing project
after cut-off date, the additional capitalization may be admitted by the Commission, after
making necessary adjustments in the gross fixed assets and the cumulative depreciation,
subject to prudence check on the following grounds:
(a) The useful life of the assets is not commensurate with the useful life of the project and
such assets have been fully depreciated in accordance with the provisions of these
regulations;
(b) The replacement of the asset or equipment is necessary on account of change in law
or Force Majeure conditions;
(c) The replacement of such asset or equipment is necessary on account of obsolescence
of technology; and
(d) The replacement of such asset or equipment has otherwise been allowed by the
Commission of payment and release of such payments etc.
22 22
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
Additional Capitalization for existing projects beyond the
original scope
The capital expenditure, in respect of existing generating station on the
following counts beyond the original scope, may be admitted by the
Commission, subject to prudence check:
(a) Liabilities to meet award of arbitration or for compliance of order or
directions of any statutory authority, or order or decree of any court
of law;
(b) Change in law or compliance of any existing law;
(c) Force Majeure events;
(d) Need for higher security and safety of the plant as advised or
directed by appropriate Indian Government Instrumentality or
statutory authorities responsible for national or internal security;
(e) Deferred works relating to ash pond or ash handling system in
additional to the original scope of work, on case to case basis:
(f) Usage of water from sewage treatment plant in thermal generating
station. 23 23
Truing up for 2014-19
Truing up exercise based on actual CAPEX upto
31.03.2019 for tariff period 2014-19 to be done with the
new Tariff petition for 2019-24 latest by 31.10.2019
24 24
Truing up for 2019-24
Truing up exercise based on actual CAPEX for tariff period
2019-24 to be done with the new Tariff petition for 2024-29
26 26
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
Example:
If estimated effective Income Tax rate is 25% to be calculated at the
beginning of every year based on estimated profit and tax to be
paid, then Pre-Tax Grossed up ROE would be 15.5%/(1-25%) =
20.67%
Grossed up ROE will be trued up at the end of each financial year
based on actual income tax paid
D/E ratio retained at 70:30
Equity in excess of Normative (30%) treated as deemed loan and if Equity
less than 30%, ROE shall be given on actual equity. 28 28
Deferred Tax Liability
As per Income Tax Rules Depreciation is at higher rate than the accounting Depreciation. Because of this
in initial years of plant, we pay less tax and accordingly our accounting profit becomes high.
Rs.100 Capital
30 30
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
Interest on Loan
To be charged from 1st year of CoD irrespective of moratorium @ Actual
Wt. Avg. Rate of interest at the beginning of each year
The repayment shall be considered as equal to the depreciation allowed
in the previous year.
Generator to attempt re-financing - Net Benefit of refinancing to be
shared in the ratio of 1 (Gen):2 (beneficiaries); Refinancing cost is to be
borne by the beneficiaries
32 32
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
33 33
Depreciation
34 34
Working
capital
Inventory
O&M expenses Receivables
Fuel [20%/30%(gas)
( 1 month) (45 days)
of O&M cost]
Advance
Stock (10/20
payment
days) Oil (2 months)
(1 month)
CERC Tariff Regulation 2014-19
o Cost of Coal stock for 10 (15 ) days for pit head stations, 20 (30 days) days
for non-pit head stations for normative plant availability ( 30 days for gas station)
or maximum coal storage capacity, whichever is lower
o Advance payment for 30 days towards cost of coal for normative plant
availability
o Secondary fuel oil (for main Secondary fuel) for 2 months for normative
consumption
• Cost of fuel – Coal cost for IWC computation to be based on actuals of the 3rd quarter of
preceding year every year and for new stations cost for the first year wiil be the landed cost of
coal during three months prior to COD i.e for infirm power generation. 36 36
CERC Tariff Regulation 2014-19
• If the generating company has been allocated the coal block and is
extracting coal which is used for generation in one or more generating
stations of the company, separate tariff order will be issued for
determining the coal rates by CERC.
• However, till the time no Tariff order is issued, coal rates as notified by
Coal India will be used for the purpose of ECR calculation.
Employee cost
Repair & Maintenances
Overhead (Power charges, Chemical Consumptions, Insurance Premiums,
Boiler licence fees, Training expenses, Technical studies (EMG), Education
expenses, Inland travel expenses, tender expenses, guest house
expenses, IT expenses (consumables, UPL and contract employees)
Legal expenses
CC Expenses
Water and Pollution cess,
RLDC Charges, water charges, security expenses, Tariff filing fees
Capital spares cost for replenishment of initial capital spares
39 39
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
O&M Expenses
Unit size / Station (MW) 2019-20 (Lakhs/MW) 2018-19 (Lakhs/MW)
200 MW 32.96 + actual security expenses 30.59 (32.532)
500 MW 22.51 + actual security expenses 20.43
600 MW & Above 20.26 + actual security expenses 18.38
800 MW & Above 18.23 + actual security expenses 18.38
TTPS 56.34 + actual security expenses 55.09
TANDA 46.16 + actual security expenses 45.80
GAS STATIONS 17.58 + actual security expenses 18.72
Koldam Hydro 15.82 + actual security expenses + impact of GST, min wages & 25.24
pay revision
Security expenses to be allowed separately after prudence check (Similar to water charges & capital
spares). Generator to submit assessment of security requirement & estimated expenses.
Additional units after first 4 units declared COD after 01.04.2019 – 90% of O&M expenses norms
Annual escalation: Thermal - 3.5% (6.35% p.a. in Reg. 2014); Hydro – 4.77%
O&M expenses for ECS to be notified separately. Till such time, to be decided on case to case basis.
Security Exp.- Separate account to be kept. All CISF & other security Exp. (including housing, medical, etc.
40 40
related to security) to be booked separately.
Tentative break up expenses for a coal station
Net Profit
14%
Interest
2%
Depr.
6%
CC Exp
1%
Stn OH
1%
R&M Cost
3%
Emp Cost
4%
Fuel Cost
69%
Target Availability – Reg. 42
AFC split into capacity charges for High Demand Season and Low Demand Season (w.e.f 01.04.2020)
Concerned RLDCs shall notify high / low demand months at least 6 months in advance.
Peak hours to be declared by RLDC at least 1 week in advance- 20% of monthly FC to be recovered
in peak hrs
High Demand Season Low Demand Season
3 months – (Consecutive or otherwise) 9 months –(consecutive or otherwise)
Off-Peak Hours (20 hours in a day) Off-Peak Hours (20 hours in a day)
85% Target Availability to be achieved on 85% Target Availability to be achieved (on
cumulative basis for 3 months cumulative basis for 9 months)
Any under achievement in availability during Any under achievement in availability in off-
off-peak hrs can be off-set by over- peak hrs can be off-set by over-achievement in
achievement in peak hours during high peak hours during low demand season.
demand season.
Strategy
Peak Hours 16.67% of the day and Off Peak hours 83.33% of the day
To be recovered in High Demand season Rs.30 Cr and Low demand season Rs.90 Cr.
High Demand Season : During Peak hours (16.67%), 20% of 30 cr. = Rs.6 Cr and During Off peak hours 24 Crores
Low Demand Season : During Peak hours (16.67%), 20% of 90 cr. = Rs.18 Cr and During Off peak hours 72 Crores
2.0 Irrespective of situation we must give 105% DC during peak hours. It should start right from day one to avoid
any complexity in future.
3.0 For units under RSD, we can’t give DC more than 100%
3. In coal shortage scenario, stations can minimize under recovery of AFC by declaring higher DC (>85%) in peak
hrs.
Strategy : At any time we should declare higher DC during peak hours that may lead to earning
higher incentive in particular at the time of difficulty i.e. coal shortage, unit problems etc.
Special Allowance
• Alternatively, the generating company may opt to avail
‘Special Allowance’ (SA). In such a case:
• Will be allowed for units completing 25 years from COD
Special allowance @9.5 Lakh/MW without escalation for the
tariff period 2019-24. (18-19: 9.59 L/MW 6.35% escalation)
Special Allowance to be transferred to a separate fund for
utilization towards R&M activities, for which a detailed
methodology shall be issued separately.
47 47
CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
48 48
Thanks
For every 100 Kcal/Kg increase in GCV there will be impact 7 paisa/kWh in
ECR
Strategy ???
Copyright © 2016 Your Company All Rights Reserved. 50
Co-firing Biomass with Coal
Various provisions of the Regulations provides for co-firing of biomass with coal.
The beneficiary will have the first right of refusal to enter into agreement
On refusal, the generator shall be free to sell the electricity generated from such
station in a manner as it deems fit
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CERC Tariff Regulation 2019-24
• ECR = {(SHR – SFC x CVSF) x LPPF / (CVPF + SFC x LPSFi + LC x LPL} x 100
/(100 – AUX)
• EC covering primary fuel cost shall be payable for total ex-bus energy
scheduled to be supplied to the beneficiary during the calendar month, at the
specified energy charge rate.
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Issues… Tightening of Norms
New liquid fuel stations after 1.4.2009 7.1% margin over design Heat Rate
Pressure Rating (Kg/cm2) 150 170 170 247
SHT/RHT (0C) 535/535 537/537 537/565 565/593
Type of BFP Electrical Turbine Turbine Turbine
Max Turbine Cycle Heat rate 1955 1950 1935 1850
(kCal/kWh)
Min.Boiler Efficiency
Sub-Bituminous Indian Coal 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86
Bituminous Imported Coal 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
Max Design Unit Heat rate
(kCal/kWh)
Sub-Bituminous Indian Coal 2273 2267 2250 2151
Bituminous Imported Coal 2197 2191 2174 2078
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