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    MPMC Assignment-1

    Uploaded by

    Praveen kumar
    The document contains examples and explanations of 8086 microprocessor instructions including AAA, CWD, JNBE, LAHF, MOVS, RCL, ROL and SAHF. It also provides three assembly language programs - one to find the sum of numbers in an array, another to transfer data between memory locations using MOVSB, and a third to check if a string is a palindrome.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    MPMC Assignment-1

    Uploaded by

    Praveen kumar
    87 views8 pages
    The document contains examples and explanations of 8086 microprocessor instructions including AAA, CWD, JNBE, LAHF, MOVS, RCL, ROL and SAHF. It also provides three assembly language programs - one to find the sum of numbers in an array, another to transfer data between memory locations using MOVSB, and a third to check if a string is a palindrome.

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    MPMC ASSIGNMENT-1

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    The document contains examples and explanations of 8086 microprocessor instructions including AAA, CWD, JNBE, LAHF, MOVS, RCL, ROL and SAHF. It also provides three assembly language programs - one to find the sum of numbers in an array, another to transfer data between memory locations using MOVSB, and a third to check if a string is a palindrome.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    87 views8 pages

    MPMC Assignment-1

    Uploaded by

    Praveen kumar
    The document contains examples and explanations of 8086 microprocessor instructions including AAA, CWD, JNBE, LAHF, MOVS, RCL, ROL and SAHF. It also provides three assembly language programs - one to find the sum of numbers in an array, another to transfer data between memory locations using MOVSB, and a third to check if a string is a palindrome.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    ASSIGNMENT-1

    31/08/2020

    MICRO PROCESSORS &


    MICRO CONTROLLERS

    REGISTER NUMBER: 810018104059


    NAME:  NIVASPRAVEEN C
    1. Give an example for the 8086 instructions: AAA, CWD, JNBE, LAHF, MOVS,
    RCL, ROL and SAHF
    AAA Instruction:

    AAA converts the result of the addition of two valid unpacked BCD digits to a valid 2-
    digit BCD number and takes the AL register as its implicit operand. Two operands of the
    addition must have its lower 4 bits contain a number in the range from 0- 9.The AAA instruction
    then adjust AL so that it contains a correct BCD digit. If the addition produce carry (AF=1), the
    AH register is incremented and the carry CF and auxiliary carry AF flags are set to 1. If the
    addition did not produce a decimal carry, CF and AF are cleared to 0 and AH is not altered. In
    both cases the higher 4 bits of AL are cleared to 0. AAA will adjust the result of the two ASCII
    characters that were in the range from 30h (“0”) to 39h(“9”).This is because the lower 4 bits of
    those character fall in the range of 0-9.The result of addition is not a ASCII character but it is a
    BCD digit.

    Example:

    MOV AH, 0 ; Clear AH for MSD

    MOV AL, 6 ; BCD 6 in AL

    ADD AL, 5 ; Add BCD 5 to digit in AL

    AAA ; AH=1; AL=1 representing BCD 11.

    CWD Instruction:

    CWD converts the 16 bit signed value in the AX register into an equivalent 32 bit signed
    value in DX: AX register pair by duplicating the sign bit to the left.

    The CWD instruction sets all the bits in the DX register to the same sign bit of the AX
    register. The effect is to create a 32- bit signed result that has same integer value as the original
    16 bit operand.

    Example:
    Assume AX contains C435h. If the CWD instruction is executed, DX will contain FFFFh
    since bit 15 (MSB) of AX was 1. Both the original value of AX (C435h) and resulting value of
    DX: AX (FFFFC435h) represents the same signed number.

    DX= 00000000 00000000

    AX= 11110000 11000011 = -3897 decimal

    CWD; Convert signal word in AX to signed double word in DX;AX

    Result DX= 11111111 11111111

    AX= 11110000 11000011 = -3987 decimal.

    LAHF Instruction:

    LAHF instruction copies the value of SF, ZF, AF, PF, and CF into bits of 7, 6, 4, 2 and 0
    respectively of AH register. This LAHF instruction was provided to make conversion of
    assembly language programs written for 8080 and 8085 to 8086 easier.

    MOVS/MOVSB/MOVSW Instruction:

    Move string byte or string word

    Example:

    MOVS destination, source

    RCL Instruction:

    RCL instruction rotates the bits in the operand specified by op1 towards left by the count
    specified in op2.The operation is circular, the MSB of operand is rotated into a carry flag and the
    bit in the CF is rotated around into the LSB of operand.

    RCR op1, op2

    Rotate operand around to the left through CF – RCL destination, source.

    Example:
    CLC ; put 0 in CF

    RCL AX, 1 ; save higher-order bit of DX in CF

    RCL DX, 1 ; save higher-order bit of DX in CF

    ADC AX, 0 ; set lower-order bit if needed.

    ROL Instruction:

    ROL instruction rotates the bits in the operand specified by op1 towards left by the count
    specified in op2. ROL moves each bit in the operand to next higher bit position. The higher order
    bit is moved to lower order position. Last bit rotated is copied into carry flag.

    ROL op1, op2

    Example:

    BX= 01011110 11011110

    CL= 8 bits to rotate

    ROL BH, CL; Rotate BX 8 bits towards left

    CF= 0, BX= 11010011 01011100

    SAHF Instruction:

    SAHF copies the value of bits 7, 6, 4, 2, 0 of the AH register into the SF, ZF, AF, PF, and
    CF respectively. This instruction was provided to make easier conversion of assembly language
    program written for 8080 and 8085 to 8086.
    2. Analyze an 8086 ALP to find the sum of numbers in an array of 10 elements.

    DATA SEGMENT

    ARR DB 5, 3, 7, 1, 9, 2, 6, 8, 4, 10

    LEN DW $ -ARR

    SUM DW?

    DATA ENDS

    CODE SEGMENT

    ASSUME DS: DATA CS: CODE

    START:

    MOV AX, DATA

    MOV DS, AX

    LEA SI, ARR

    MOV AX, 0

    MOV CX, LEN

    REPEAT:

    MOV BL, ARR [SI]

    MOV BH,0

    ADD AX, BX

    INC SI

    LOOP REPEAT

    MOV SUM, AX

    MOV AH, 4CH

    INT 21H
    CODE ENDS

    END SRART

    3. Develop a program to transfer 50 bytes from memory location starting from


    2000H and 3000H using the string instruction MOVSB.

    MOV SI, 2000 ; Initialize SI with 2000

    MOV DI, 3000 ; Initialize DI with 3000

    MOV AX, 0000 ; Clear AX register

    MOV DS, AX ; Store AX value to Data Segment (DS)

    MOV EX, AX ; Store AX value to Extra Segment (ES)

    MOV CL, [SI] ; Initialize Counter to the block size

    MOV CH, 00H ; Clear CH register

    INC SI ; Increase SI register

    CLD ; Clear the directional flag

    REP ; Repeat until CX= 0

    MOVSB ; Move the string block

    HLT ; Terminate the program


    4. Write an 8086 ALP to check the whether the given string is Palindrome or not.

    DATA SEGMENT

    BLOCK1 DB ‘MALAYALAM’

    MSG1 DB “IT IS PALINDROME $”

    MSG2 DB “IT IS NOT PALINDROME $”

    PAL DB 00H

    DATA ENDS

    PRINT MACRO MSG

    MOV AH, 09H

    LEA DX, MSG

    INT 21H

    INT 3H

    ENDM

    EXTRA SEGMENT

    BLOCK2 DB 9 DUP (?)

    EXTRA ENDS
    CODE SEGMENT

    ASSUME CS: CODE DS: DATA ES: EXTRA

    START: MOV AX, DATA

    MOV DS, AX

    MOV AX, EXTRA

    MOV ES, AX

    LEA SI, BLOCK1

    LEA DI, BLOCK2

    MOV CX, 0009H

    CLD

    REPZ CMPSB

    JNZ SKIP

    PRINT MSG1

    SKIP: PRINT MSG2

    CODE ENDS

    END START

    OUTPUT: MALAYALAM is Palindrome

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