Curs Hpeeb PDF

14-Jun-20
High Performance
Energy-Efficient Building
An 4 CE
Legislation and norms
regarding thermal
performance of new
buildings and energy
retrofit of existing buildings
Conf.dr.ing. Ligia Moga
Dep. Construcţii Civile şi Management
Reminder
• Buildings represent around 40% of the primary energy consumptions
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions – an increase by 2030 : EU: about 5% // Globally: about 55%
• By 2050 – reduction of CO2 with 85%
• “Energy efficiency – A step towards sustainable development”
• Necessity of a sustainable built environment

• High Performance Building (Sustainable) features:
- energy efficient
- low impact on the environment
- healthy indoor environment
- low life-cycle costs
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The 20-20-20 EU policy by 2020
2030 Climate an Energy Framework
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STRATEGIA ENERGETICĂ A ROMÂNIEI 2015-2035
Rolul esenţial în această tranziţie către 2050 îl va juca eficienţa energetică, existând nevoia unui atenţii mai mari
îndreptate asupra clădirilor, dar și asupra accesului consumatorilor la contoare inteligente și la alte tehnologii
inteligente pentru a-şi reduce consumurile.
Este nevoie în acest sens de stimulente pentru modificarea comportamentului, sub formă de taxe, de subvenţii sau de
consiliere oferită la faţa locului de experţi, inclusiv stimulente financiare asigurate prin faptul că preţurile la energie reflectă
5 costurile
April 18, 2017 externe. th
High Performance Energy – Efficient Buildings - 4 Year CE
EU legislative framework
• Directive 2002/91/EC - Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
• On 19th of May, 2010 Directive 2010/31/EU – a recast of the EPBD

• establish and apply minimum energy performance requirements for new and existing buildings
• ensure the certification of building energy performance
• require the regular inspection of boilers and air conditioning systems in buildings
• by 2021 all new buildings are so-called 'nearly zero-energy buildings'.
• minimum energy performance requirements for buildings are set “with a view to achieving cost-optimal levels”.
• provide appropriate financing and other instruments to catalyze the energy performance of buildings and the
transition to nearly zero- energy buildings;
• Directive 2012/27/EU - Energy Efficiency Directive

• Promotes the renovation of public buildings and the development of long-term renovations strategies
• Energy efficiency targets
• by June 30, 2014 – review of the progress towards the 2020 target
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Major Highlights of the Recast Directive Directive 2010/31/EU

• 31 December 2020 all new buildings in the EU will have to consume 'nearly zero' energy and
the energy will be 'to a very large extent' from renewable sources.
• Public authorities - building, buying or renting 'nearly zero energy building' as of 31 December
2018.
• definition of “very low energy building” was agreed to: "nearly zero energy building means a
building that has a very high energy performance, determined in accordance with Annex I of
the Directive”.
• no specific target set for the renovation of existing building – target to refurbish into very low
energy buildings.
• major renovations - holistic calculation methodology is preferred.

Major Highlights of the Recast Directive Directive 2010/31/EU

• a harmonized calculation methodology to push-up MS minimum energy performance
requirements towards a cost-optimal level.
• more detailed and rigorous procedure for issuing energy performance certificates- control
systems to check the correctness of performance certification
• Certificates to be issued to all new buildings/building units and when existing

buildings/building units are rented/sold!
• MS will be required to introduce penalties for non-compliance take all measures necessary to
ensure that they are implemented.
• evaluate the Directive by 1 January 2017 at the latest

• experience gained and progress made during its application, and, if necessary, make proposals
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EPBD recast - expected impacts

• 5 - 6 % saving of EU's total energy consumption by 2020
• 5 % saving of EU's total CO2 emissions by 2020
• Low / zero, predominantly negative CO2 abatement costs
• Reduced waste quantities
• Greater use of renewable energy
• Use of green technologies
• Reduced energy dependence
• New opportunities for business
• 280,000 – 450,000 potential new jobs
Implementation of the EPBD & EPBD recast in Romania:

• 2005 Romanian Parliament adopted the Law 372/15.12.2005 regarding the
transposition of the EPBD into national law – 1 st of January 2007
• 1.02.2007 - Methodology of calculation of the energy performance of buildings

Mc001/1,2,3-2006
• Existence of calculations based on C107/1-7 with minimum requirements for:
• minimum thermal resistance values R’min
• the level of thermal insulation of a building G [W/(m3,K]
• Revision of the regulation C107- approved in 13.12.2005
• certification of the existing and new buildings after the 1 st of January 2007
• residential buildings that are built, rent or sold- existence of the Energy Performance
Certificate starting by the 1st of January 2010
• Inspection of boilers mandatory from 1st of January 2007 and air conditioning systems
by 2008 (2011)
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Methodology of calculation of the energy performance of buildings -

Mc001/1,2,3-2006
• The calculation procedure is mentioned in C107 norms
• CEN standards available in 2006 and Romanian research activity results
• software tool has not been available in the first years - calculations can be performed
by hand
• requirements for new buildings, major renovations and existing buildings.
• The following values are recommended:

• Minimum values of the corrected thermal resistances (thermal bridges) R’
• Maximum values of the corrected thermal transmittances (thermal bridges) U
• Maximum values for the overall thermal insulation coefficients G.
• The proof of compliance: when requesting the building permit; and after completion
of the building
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Mc001/1,2,3-2006
• the real building is compared with a reference building (notional) having the same
values for the envelope, and thermal resistance values provided in the table
mentioned in the methodology.
• Thermal rehabilitation- technical and economical assessment

• 3 solutions for the thermal rehabilitation activity
• The energy audit of a building
• The final solution depends on user’s decision :
• investments cost
• energy consumption reduction
• pay back time value
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Mc001/4,5-2009
• Mc 001/4,5- calculation steps for establishing the energy performance consumptions
for a building and for an apartment
• the energy performance certificate for an apartment
• Order 1071/2009 supplements and amends 1057/2007 - a calculation summary of the

energy performance of buildings and apartments
• The EPC for an apartment
• Present regulations for new buildings are limited to conventional buildings
• MC001/6-2013- Parametrii climatici necesati determinarii performantei energetice a

cladirilor noi si existente, dimensionarii instalatiilor de climatizare a cladirilor si
dimensionarii higrotermice a elmentelor de anvelopa ale cladirilor
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Mc001/6-2013
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Qualified Assessors- Energy Auditors for Buildings

• Energy Auditors for Buildings– issue Energy Certificates and carry out inspections
• engineers or architects with at least ten years’ experience (2008)- now 3 and 5 years
• Examination:
• CV of the candidate
• attend recognized training course– Curs de audit energetic pentru cladiri
• National examination consisting of:
• theoretical examination- knowledge about the technical requirements of the building regulations and the details of the
certification system itself.
• practical exercise - energy audit project
• MDRAP (MDLPL) co-ordinates the training of qualified experts:

• does periodic checks of the work of the qualified experts
• professional license, valid for 5 years

• Qualified experts can act on an individual basis or integrated in public or private
organizations
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Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)

• Existing buildings with a total useful area grater than 1000m2,
The EPC must exist if a major retrofit will take place
• S buildings>1000m2 occupied by public authorities

and by institutions providing public services
• Implemented in 2001- January 2004
• The certificate is valid for 10 years, started from the date of issue
• 2008- register of EPC at INCERC Bucuresti (URBAN INCERC )
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• Cf.Mc001/1,2,3-2006
- specific thermal energy consumption related

to heating, hot water installations, lighting,
ventilation and climatization.
Final annual specific energy consumption

[kWh/m2an]
Energy scale from

A (most efficient)
to
G (most energy-consuming)
• Cf.Mc001/4,5-2009
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• 2012- about 30,000 of EPC registered at INCERC
• 20000 EPCs were analyzed - residential buildings
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Requirements for new buildings, major renovations and existing

buildings
• Modified values Order 2055/2005- C107-2005
• Existence of calculations foreseen in C107/1-7 :
• Minimum values of the corrected thermal resistances (thermal bridges) R’
• Maximum values of the corrected thermal transmittances (thermal bridges) U
• Maximum values for the overall thermal insulation coefficients G.
• Regulation review C107- 2005
• Amending order 2055 /8.12.2010

• Increased values for the thermal resistance
of residential buildings C107/1
other types of buildings C107/2
• different values for GN
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OG 18/2009
• thermal rehabilitation of blocks of flats(residential buildings) built between 1950-1990
• Increase effects of the EPC – reduced energy consumptions for heating and cooling
• an important impact on the existing buildings stock due to : Execution Works

• specification of financing
• energy performance requirements 20%
Owners
• cost of the EPC audit and technical project Local

50%
are supported by the Government Authorities
MDRAP
30%
• The expert proposes appropriate solutions for
the thermal rehabilitation of the building
– the energy consumptions for heating must drop below 100 [kWh/m2an]
- OG 63/2012
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OG 69/2010
• OG 69/2010- information regarding credits procurement for
the thermal rehabilitation processes of existing residential buildings
• bank loans granted under governmental guarantee
• Value of the loan up to 90% of the works to be executed
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OG 63/2012
• Prevederile ordonantei se aplica si locuintelor realizate dupa proiecte elaborate in perioada 1950-1990, cu
destinatia de:
a) locuinte sociale si celelalte unitati locative, aflate in proprietatea/administrarea consiliului local, indiferent daca
sunt amplasate in blocuri de locuinte sau sunt locuinte unifamiliale;
b) locuinte unifamiliale aflate in proprietatea persoanelor fizice, cu adaptarea solutiilor in functie de caracteristicile,
particularitatile si valoarea arhitecturala a locuintelor
Lucrarile prevazute (< 100 kWh/m2an):

• Reabilitarea termica a anvelopei; se mentioneaza pentru prima data ventilarea!
• Reabilitarea termica a sistemului de incalzire (inclusiv centrala de bloc/scara)
• Instalarea, dupa caz, a unor sisteme alternative de producere a energiei din SRE
• In paralel cu schema din programul national (50%+30%+20%), se adopta si schema de cost pentru utilizarea
fondurilor europene:
• 60% din fondurile structurale si de coeziune ale UE si din alocatii de la BS;
• 40% din BL si/sau din alte surse (≤30%) + din fondul de rep. al AP si/sau din alte surse (≥10%).
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Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• The Law on the Energy Performance of Buildings
• Cap III/ Art.5: The energy performance of a building is expressed:

a) the energy class of the building;
b) the annual specific energy consumption ;
c) the index for CO2 emissions.
• Cap VI2/ Art.12(3): Buildings having nearly zero energy consumption

(1) New buildings: reception at the ending of construction works starting from 31st of December 2020,
Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB)
(2) New buildings managed by the public administration finished by 31st December 2018 will have to be
nZEB
• Cap VII: The Energy Performance Certificate

Art 13(1): (1) buildings or unit of buildings that are sold/bought or rented- existence of the EPC
Art 13(2): (1) buildings being built EPC is made available when the execution works ended
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Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Legea privind Performanta Energetica a Cladirilor
• Cap III/ Art.5: Performanta energetica a cladirii exprimata in:

a) clasa energetica;
b) consumul total specific de energie;
c) indicele de emisii echivalent CO2.
• Cap V/Art.10. (1)– Pentru clădirile noi, prin certificatul de urbanism emis de autoritătile
administratiei publice locale/judetene competente, în vederea obtinerii autorizatiei de construire
pentru clădiri, pe lângă obligativitatea respectării cerintelor minime de performantă energetică,
se va solicita întocmirea unui studiu privind posibilitatea utilizării unor sisteme alternative de
eficientă ridicată ...
(2) a) sisteme descentralizate de alimentare cu energie, bazate pe surse de energie regenerabilă;// b) sistem de cogenerare; //c)
sisteme de încălzire sau de răcire centralizate sau de bloc;
d) sisteme care utilizează pompe de căldură;
e) schimbătoare de căldură sol-aer;
f) recuperatoare de căldură.
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Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap VII: The Energy Performance Certificate
Art 14: (1) buildings owned/managed by local authorities having an useful S>500mp – EPC accessible and
visible for the public
(2) Starting from 9th of July 2015- S>250mp
• Cap X2: Penalties

Art 20(3): (1) The following are considered infraction of regulations::
e) întocmirea si eliberarea de certificate si/sau rapoarte de audit energetic, precum si rapoarte de
inspectie, pentru care auditorul energetic pentru cladiri si, respectiv, expertul tehnic atestat, nu au
competente de elaborare, semnare si stampilare, conform prevederilor legale în vigoare.
(3) The contraventions mentioned at point (1) will get punished as it follows:
c) penalty from 5.000 lei up to 10.000 lei, for the ones mentioned at pont e).
Art 20(4): (1) Findings of contraventions – staff from National Institute of Building Inspection (ISC)
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Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap VI2/ Art.12(3): Cladiri al caror consum de energie este aproape egal cu zero
(1) Cladirile noi: receptia la terminarea lucrarilor se efectueaza începând cu 31 decembrie 2020,
vor fi cladiri cu consum de energie aproape egal cu zero.
(2) Cladirile noi din proprietatea/administrarea autoritatilor administratiei publice receptionate
dupa 31 decembrie 2018 vor fi cladiri cu consum de energie aproape egal cu zero.
(4) MDRAP ... initiaza planuri nationale de crestere a numarului de cladiri al caror consum de
energie din surse surse conventionale este aproape egal cu zero...
(5) Planurile nationale ... se initiaza pe baza planurilor locale de masuri prioritare, elaborate de
catre autoritatile administratiei publice locale si transmise anual catre MDRAP.
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Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap VI3/Art. 12(5) – MDRAP ...initiaza acte normative prin care promoveaza masuri care
au in vedere ...
• a) utilizarea adecvata a fondurilor structurale in vederea cresterii eficientei energetice a cladirilor, in
special a locuintelor;
• b) utilizarea eficienta a fondurilor atrase de la institutii financiare publice;
• c) coordonarea utilizarii fondurilor de la UE cu cele nationale ...
• d) gestionarea resurselor financiare alocate din fonduri publice pentru finantarea elaborarii
documentatiilor tehnico-economice, a certificatelor de performanta energetica, rapoartelor de expertiza
tehnica si audit energetic, precum si pentru executare lucrari renovare
• Art. 126. – Autoritatile administratiei publice locale pot finanta elaborarea

documentatiilor tehnico-economice, precum si executarea lucrarilor de renovare majora
la cladiri de interes si utilitate publica, incluse in programe pentru cresterea performantei
energetice a cladirilor.
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Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap VII: Certificatul de performanta energetica a cladirii
Art 13(1): (1) cladirile sau unitatile de cladire care se vând/cumpara sau se închiriaza - existenta
CPE
Art 13(2): (1) cladirile care se construiesc CPE este prezentat la terminarea lucrarilor
Art 13(3): (1) investitorul/proprietarul/administratorul cladirii/unitatii de cladire prevazute la art.
7 alin. (1) va preciza în anunturile de vânzare sau închiriere a acestora informatii din
certificat cu privire la indicatorii de performanta
• Cap VII: Certificatul de performanta energetica a cladirii

Art 14: (1) cladirile în proprietatea/administrarea autoritatilor publice cu o S>500mp –
CPE accesibil si vizibil publicului
(2) Începând cu 9 iulie 2015- S>250mp
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Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap X2: Sanctiuni
Art 20(3): (1) Constituie contraventii urmatoarele fapte:
e) întocmirea si eliberarea de certificate si/sau rapoarte de audit energetic, precum si rapoarte de
inspectie, pentru care auditorul energetic pentru cladiri si, respectiv, expertul tehnic atestat, nu au
competente de elaborare, semnare si stampilare, conform prevederilor legale în vigoare.
(3) Contraventiile prevazute la alin. (1) se sanctioneaza dupa cum urmeaza:
a) de la 500 lei la 1.000 lei, cele prevăzute la lit. a); - auditorul care nu are registru completat la zi
b) de la 250 lei la 500 lei, cele prevăzute la lit. b); - auditorul nu transmite documentatia
electronic
c) de la 500 lei la 1.000 lei, cele prevăzute la lit. c) si d); - neafisarea CPE in cladirile publice
d) de la 5.000 lei la 10.000 lei, cele prevăzute la lit. e). – depasirea competentelor de elaborare,
semnare si stampilare
Art 20(4): (1) Constatarea contraventiilor - personalul cu atributii de control si inspectie din cadrul I.S.C
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OG 13/2016: Ordinance for amending and supplementing the- Law 372/2005

• certificat de performanţă energetică a clădirii — cuprinde date cu privire la consumurile de energie primară
şi finală, inclusiv din surse regenerabile de energie, precum şi cantitatea de emisii în echivalent CO2.
• pentru clădirile existente, certificatul cuprinde şi măsuri recomandate pentru reducerea consumurilor
energetice, precum şi pentru creşterea ponderii utilizării surselor regenerabile de energie în total consum.
• clădire al cărei consum de energie este aproape egal cu zero — clădire cu o performanţă energetică foarte
ridicată, la care consumul de energie este aproape egal cu zero sau este foarte scăzut şi este acoperit, în
proporţie de minimum 10%, cu energie din surse regenerabile, inclusiv cu energie din surse regenerabile
produsă la faţa locului sau în apropiere;
• Primarii localităţilor urbane cu mai mult de 5.000 de locuitori iniţiază planuri locale multianuale pentru
creşterea numărului de clădiri noi şi existente al căror consum de energie este aproape egal cu zero, în
care pot fi incluse obiective diferenţiate în funcţie de zonele climatice şi de categoriile de clădiri prevăzute la
art. 6 alin. (1), care se aprobă prin hotărâri ale consiliilor locale
• afisarea obligatorie a CPE: clădire de interes şi utilitate publică- activităţi de învăţământ, educaţie: S ≥250
mp
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High Performance
Energy‐Efficient Building
Methodologies and
An 4 CE
certification standards
for high performance
energy efficient
buildings

Dep. Construcții Civile şi Management
Definition of High performance Buildings
• “high performance energy/green”

A building that integrates and optimizes all the attributes of a high
performance buildings, including energy efficiency, durability, operational
performance and productivity of occupants

Main features:
• Energy efficient
• Low impact on the exterior environment
• Healthy interior environment
• Low life‐cycle costs
2 April 25, 2017 High Performance Energy – Efficient Buildings ‐ 4th Year CE
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Certification Schemes
• Certification schemes for buildings are divided in 2 main schemes:
1. Environmental certification schemes‐ evaluation is made based on several criteria:
‐ it measures the environmental footprint of the building
‐ the energy aspect is not fully valued

2. Energy certification schemes
– the evaluation is more specific

Environmental Assessment Method
• The environmental footprint of a building ‐ cannot be easily modified
• Buildings have long life cycles and their impacts are felt for generations

• Execution and certification systems for high performance energy efficient
buildings (sustainable buildings)

• Multi‐criteria assessment methodologies:
• foster sustainable building design, construction a
and operation
• promote integrated, whole building design practices
• raise awareness of high performance buildings
(sustainable) benefits

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Assessment systems and tools
• CLG (Communities and Local Government) ‐ Code for Sustainable Homes (CfSH or CSH) .
• BREEAM ( Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method)

• PassivHaus Institut ‐ Minergie
• USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council) ‐ LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
• Energy Star (USA) ‐ HQE (France)
‐ IGBC (India)

• Casbee (Japan)

• GBCA (Green Building Council Australia)‐ Green Star ‐ Estidama‐ Abu Dhabi UPC (Urban
Planning Council)
‐ DGNB (Germany)
• HK‐Beam (Hong Kong)
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Numarul de cladiri certificate in 2012

Proportia categoriilor de “materiale“ si
“deseuri” in principalele sisteme de evaluare
Particularities of the multi‐criteria assessment systems
• A number of the systems are significantly different:
• parameters weighting
• parameters assessment

• Weighting of parameters (criteria) can be carried out in two ways:
• by applying a weighting factor to an individual parameter or to a whole category of
parameters
• by assessing a larger number of parameters within the main categories

• Systems are influenced by local and geographical characteristics:
• IGBC is strongly biased towards the precarious fresh water situations
• CASBEE requirements and measures to minimize damage caused by earthquakes
and light pollution
• Minergie – is primarily marketed as a quality ‘Swiss made’ brand

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No of certified buildings by 2012
“Materials” and “waste” criteria in main
certification schemes
Deficiencies of multi‐criteria assessment systems
• They are not universally applicable

• They require constant updating

• Many schemes do little to foster an integrated design strategy

• Environmental impact projections are based on assumptions.

• Buildings can have many lives with different uses.
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BREEAM‐ Building Research Establishment Environmental
Assessment Method
• Launched in 1990 .

• Certification scale
LEED ‐ Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
• US Green Building Council (USGBC)
• Developed in 1998
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Green Star
• was launched in 2002
• Green Building Council Australia
Point Score Green Star Outcome

Rating
45 ‐ 59 4 Star Best Practice
60 ‐ 74 5 Star Australian
Excellence
75+ 6 Star World Leader
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DGNB ‐ Deutsche Gessellschaft fur Nachhaltiges Bauen
• was developed in 2009
• German Sustainable Building Council from Germany
CASBEE ‐ Comprehensive Assessment System for Built
Environment Efficiency

• Developed in 2001 in Japan
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HK‐BEEAM
– The Hong Kong Green Building Council
• developed in 1996 based on BREEAM standard

• BEAM Plus is available for new buildings (NB) ‐ Provisional Assessment (PA)
and Final Assessment (FA)
• existing buildings‐ final assessment(FA)

Site Aspects Materials Aspects
Energy Use Water Use
Indoor Environmental Quality Innovations and Additions
Platinum Gold
Silver Bronze
Unclassified
Estidama
• Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council (UPC)
Pearls Pearls
Pearls Design Rating Construction Operational
Rating Rating
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Estidama
• Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council (UPC)
CDC Division of Laboratory Sciences, Building 110

LEED Gold
implementation of
several green
building
technologies
source: http://www.perkinswill.com
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Z6 House
Z6‐attaining zero levels of
these 6 factors :
waste, energy, water,
carbon, emissions and
ignorance
source: http://www2.aiatopten.org/hpb/overview.cfm?ProjectID=851
Factor 10 House
consumes one‐tenth of the
environmental resources
that the average home
uses
source: http://www.treehugger.com/modular‐design/three‐years‐ago‐in‐treehugger‐factor‐10‐house.html
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Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies
focused on reducing
environmental impact
source: http://www.chippendaleconsulting.com/g23.htm
Solar Umbrella House
• Renovate sections of the house as well as add portions
• "solar umbrella" of PV panels which ended up providing 95 percent of
the home's energy
source: http://www.e‐architect.co.uk/los_angeles/solar_umbrella.htm
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Colorado Court Affordable Housing Project
• an environmentally conscious approach to affordable housing

• two on‐site energy generation systems,
the nation's first energy neutral
affordable housing project
source: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colorado_Court_Affordable_Housing.jpg
Austin Resource Center for the Homeless
• Using energy and water saving methods
• Usage of environmentally‐friendly materials
source: http://aiatopten.org/node/164
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Lake View Terrace Library
• LEED Platinum
• PV array

• uses wind energy
sursa: http://www.you‐are‐here.com/modern/lake_view.html
Bürogebäude FRITZ EGGER GmbH & Co. OG
• DGNB Certificate in Gold
• Radauti
• An 2010
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Promenada

• DGNB Pre‐certificate in Gold
• Bucuresti
• An 2012 (2013)
Sky Tower Bucharest
• DGNB Pre‐certificate in Silver
• Bucuresti
• An 2012 (2012)
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LCA : Life Cycle Assessment (life cycle analysis)
• Life Cycle Assessment = a technique to assess environmental impacts
• associated with all the stages of a product's life
• from “cradle to grave”

• Life Cycle Interpretation is a systematic technique to identify, quantify, check, and evaluate
information from the results of the life cycle inventory and/or the life cycle impact
assessment. Cf. Def ISO 14044

• the LCA assessment of:
• harmful emissions in the air
• harmful emissions in the water
• harmful emissions in the soil
• the amount of resources used throughout the lifecycle of construction
LCA : Life Cycle Assessment (life cycle analysis)
• an LCA can assess the impact of any building material, component or system.
• the LCA analysis in constructions is limited to certain parts or certain stages of the life cycle
through several limitations – boundary conditions.

• must be consistent with the purpose of the LCA

• Interpretation of results must be consistent with the purposes of the LCA study defined in
onset
• Classification: gruparea emisiilor şi a materialelor în diferite categorii de impact asupra mediului
• Characterization: atribuirea unei valori de impact pentru emisiile asemănătoare
• Normalization: raportarea valorilor obţinute din caracterizare la valori unitare prin indicarea unui scor
general al performanţei elementului analizat

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Whole life carbon assessment
• Whole life carbon assessment = looks only at the environmental impact of carbon
over the life cycle.

• The assessment includes:
• the embodied energy and embodied carbon to construct a building
• the operational energy and carbon to operate a building
• also includes the end of life disposal of a building

• measured over a defined period, such as 60 years
Conclusions
• each elements is optimized,
the buildings and the site are re‐evaluated,
integrated and optimized as a solution
applied on the entire building

• Need of educating people and authorities for a multi‐criterial vision regarding the
efficiency of thermal retrofitting processes on existing buildings or residential dwellings,
as well in the design of new buildings

• Sustainable urban environments is necessary to have new standards and regulations in
various fields
• establish sustainable goals
• development of clear action plans
• implementation of sustainable strategies
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When does sustainability pays?
• green buildings produce tangible business benefits

• Where energy standards are not clearly implemented (in USA, China, India) BREEAM, LEED,
DGNB… have a bigger influence than elsewhere..

En+Ec+Ev =< U(w+h+pr) + C (i+pe+r) + B (v+lcc+i)

where En‐ energy costs and impacts
Ec‐ ecology costs and impacts
Ev‐ environmental costs and impacts

where U‐ user costs and benefits
w‐ wellbeing, h‐ health, pr‐productivity

C‐ Company costs and benefits
i‐image, pe‐performance, r‐ recruitment and retention

B‐ building costs and benefits
v‐value, lcc‐life cycle costs, i‐ innovation and design quality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzkHlRsUspk 2,30 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz_L6KuqvFI 13 min

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpHHIS_hx3s 4,10 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWJWjAa2yD4 4,00 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w60JNAS‐9SM 4,15 min

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5K4f13KEtE 2,00 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3Otj2N7JRM 5,50 min

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwsEV‐lDqmo 29,00 min

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High Performance

4th Year CE

Types of High
Performance Energy
Efficient Buildings

Thermal Balance of Buildings
• Thermal Balance is the net amount of all gains and losses:
• Transmission Heat Losses QT
• Ventilation Heat Losses QV
• Solar Heat Gains QS
• Internal heat Gains Qi

• Heat demand for heating: H
H=QT+QV –(QS+Qi)

• calculated for a typical whole year in order to include all
seasonal conditions including climate data of the specific
site

• area of corresponding heated surface

• Energy demand for heating: kWh/(m²∙yr).
2 May 2, 2017 High Performance Energy – Efficient Buildings ‐ 4th Year CE
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Factors that influence the thermal balance
• Heat demand for heating depends on:
• boundary conditions of the site
• exterior environment
• users behavior

• Climate influences: exterior temperature and solar radiation.

• Exterior temperature level and the length of the heating period Heating Degree Days (HDD)

• Based on European Standards: HDD15 [Kdays] – exterior temperature drops below 15 oC
HDD12 [Kdays] – exterior temperature drops below 12 oC: low‐energy buildings

Heating degree days Global solar radiation
[Kdays]
HDD12 [kWh/m²yr] radiative contribution solar radiation gains
Dijon (F) 2862 1174

Hamburg (G)
3530 955
wind influences total losses through ventilation – air in
filtration and air seepage
Klagenfurt (A)
4027 1226

Stockholm
(S) 4636 981 user behavior due to improper exploitation of the building

Values for the thermal balance of a building
• Existing building stock: energy demand for heating 284 kWh/(m²∙yr)

• low energy building:
Existing building stock
• proper insulation levels
• ventilation system w/ heat recovery
• energy demand for heating 66 kWh/(m²∙yr)

Typical energy consumptions for heating:
Low energy buildings
100‐300 kWh/(m²∙yr)
Gains Losses Gains Losses
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Uninsulated Buildings
Exterior walls: uninsulated 25 cm of massive masonry R=0,77 (m2.K)/W
Roof: 4 cm of thermal insulation R=1,11 (m2.K)/W
Floor over unheated basement: uninsulated R=1,00 (m2.K)/W
Windows: simple glazing R=0,19 (m2.K)/W

Ventilation: leaking building
CO2 emissions‐fuel consumption heating oil/(m2.yr): 30‐25 liters,
around 60 kg /(m2.yr)

Energy demand for heating: 400‐300 kWh/(m2.yr)

Poor insulated building
Exterior walls: 25 cm of massive masonry with a 6 cm of thermal insulation R=2,5 (m2.K)/W
Roof: 14‐22 cm of thermal insulation R=4,54 (m2.K)/W
Floor over unheated basement: 6 cm of thermal insulation R=2,5 (m2.K)/W
Windows: double glazing, insulated glass (air filling) R=0,35 (m2.K)/W

Ventilation: window opening is mandatory
CO2 emissions‐fuel consumption heating oil/(m2.yr): 15‐10 liters, around 30 kg /(m2.yr)

Energy demand for heating : 250 ‐150 kWh/(m2.yr)

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Low‐energy Building
• a building that uses less energy than a traditional house

• The energy performance is almost half compared to the minimum requirements

• Values for the energy consumptions for heating the building: 50‐70 kWh/(m²∙yr)
• typical single‐family house : 50‐40 kWh/(m2.yr)
• Exterior walls: 25 cm of massive masonry with a 16 cm of thermal insulation R=5 (m2.K)/W
• Roof: 30 cm of thermal insulation R=5 (m2.K)/W
• Floor over unheated basement: 10 cm of thermal insulation R=4 (m2.K)/W
• Windows: double glazing, insulated glass R=0,90 (m2.K)/W

• Ventilation: heat recovery system
• CO2 emissions‐fuel consumption heating oil /(m2.yr): 4‐5 liters, around 19 kg /(m2.yr)
European Standards for designing low energy buildings
Different aims
Different calculation methodologies
Different standards
The ratio between
primary energy/final
energy for electricity
PRIMARY ENERGY FINAL ENERGY
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Passive House
• label “passive”‐ a significant heat quantity for
the heat demand comes from passive sources”
• a plus of heat gains – using a controlled heat
recovery ventilation system
• Comfort temperature θi=20oC
• Annual heat demand for heating:
< 15 Wh/m2.yr
• Total combined consumption:
heating/cooling+DHW+Electric energy < 120
kWh/m2.yr

• CO2 emissions‐fuel consumption heating
oil/(m2.yr): 1,5 liters, around 2 kg /(m2.yr)

Passive House
• the Passive House Institute has introduced new categories for its building certification

• Passive House Premium classes
• Passive House Classic
• Passive House Plus
• Passive House Premium

• A new evaluation procedure based on the
“Primary Energy Renewable” (PER) ‐ will be used instead
of the primary energy demand
• also considers the energy generated by the building

• The heating demand of a Passive House remains mandatory
may not exceed < 15 kWh/m2.yr
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Nearly Zero Energy Building ‐ nZEB
• Autonomous buildings are usually energy‐efficient in operation
• the produced energy/yr = the consumed energy/yr

• materials w/ high thermal inertia materials are used
• advanced façade solutions

• Exterior walls: 25 cm of massive masonry with a 28‐32 cm of thermal insulation R=9,09 m2.K)/W
• Roof: 34‐38 cm of thermal insulation R=10 (m2.K)/W.
• Floor over unheated basement: min 28‐30 of thermal insulation R=10 (m2.K)/W.
• Windows: triple glazing, thermally insulated frames R=1,25 (m2.K)/W

• ventilation: heat recovery ventilation system

• Energy demand for heating: ≤ 15 kWh/(m2.yr)
Positive Energy Buildings (Plus Energy)
• a building that produces more energy from renewable
sources than it consumes to achieve appropriate
thermal comfort levels

• a traditional, a bioclimatic, a low energy building or a
passive building can become a positive energy
building

• energy consumed must be produced on‐site

• the surplus energy is transferred into the electricity
grid
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Building systems
• Ensures energy consumptions for heating, domestic hot
water, cooling, ventilation and lighting.

• Residential buildings: heating systems, DHW systems, lighting
systems and ventilation systems.
• Strong heating systems– to ensure the high energy need demand
• Heat recovery ventilation systems‐ reduces heating costs

• Domestic hot water can be provided using solar collectors, supplemented
by the related heating system

• Seasonal storages which accumulates the solar energy from the solar
collectors during summer period in a central tank
• used as energy for heating during winter time
• Storages from 60 to 80 kWh of thermal energy in each m3 of water.

Blower door test
• The volumetric air flow [m3/h] is established based on a
differential pressure of 50 Pa .
• Changing the air ratio is determined by dividing to the
internal air volume of the building

• Typical values for n50 air ventilation rate are:
• leaky building:
n50 > 3 h‐1
• low energy building:
n50 < 1,5 h‐1

• passive house:
n50 < 0,6 h‐1
H:\An 4 Ce\BlowerDoor film ‐ YouTube.mp4
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High Performance

4th Year CE

Passive House
principles

Uninsulated Buildings
Exterior walls: uninsulated 25 cm of massive masonry R=0,77 (m2.K)/W
Roof: 4 cm of thermal insulation R=1,11 (m2.K)/W
Floor over unheated basement: uninsulated R=1,00 (m2.K)/W
Windows: simple glazing R=0,19 (m2.K)/W

Ventilation: leaking building
CO2 emissions‐fuel consumption heating oil/(m2.yr): 30‐25 liters,
around 60 kg /(m2.yr)

Energy demand for heating: 400‐300 kWh/(m2.yr)

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European Standards for designing low energy buildings
Different aims
Different calculation methodologies
Different standards
Passive House
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Characteristics
• Energy efficient building– reduced energy consumptions in building’s
exploitation
• Construction prices are 10‐20% > traditional house/building

• Exploitation costs are 75‐80% lower vs traditional house

• satisfactory degrees of thermal insulation
• increased airtightness
• significant solar gains

History of the standard
• The standard is originally Scandinavian
• Corresponds quite closely to building regulation requirements in one of the
Swedish climate zones [1]
• First zero carbon house‐ Zero‐Energy House (1976)‐ Copenhaga
by Danish architect Vagn Korsgaard si Torben Esbensen [1]

• Philips Experimental House in Aachen (1974/75) [2]
[2]
• Saskatchewan Conservation House (1977) [3] [3]
Robert Besant, Oliver Drerup, Rob Dumont, David Eyre, si Harold Orr

1977 Gene Leger, builder from Massachusetts
builds a similar energy efficient house
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5/25/2018
• Standard brought from Sweden and expanded by de Dr. Wolfgang Feist,
founder of the Passivhaus Institute din Darmstadt.
• Casa pasiva‐ Passivhaus.

• a normal modern house
• correctly designed and erected
• scientifically calculated and verified during and after completion

PH characteristics
Poor insulation Super‐insulated
R ≥≥ 6,67 m2K/W
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PH characteristics
Poor insulation Super‐insulated
R≥≥6,67 m2K/W
Frequently Avoidance of
thermal bridges thermal bridges
(cold spots) by design

Ψ<<0,01W/(mK)
PH characteristics
Super‐insulated
Poor insulation
R≥≥6,67 m2K/W
Frequently thermal bridges (cold
Avoidance of thermal bridges by design
spots)
Ψ<<0,01W/(mK)
Controlled
ventilation
Inappropriate
ventilation strategies
Airtight envelope
n50<0,6 h‐1
Uncontrolled air
infiltration
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PH characteristics Super‐insulated
R≥≥6,67 m2K/W
Poor insulation Avoidance of thermal bridges by design
Frequently thermal bridges (cold spots) Ψ<<0,01W/(mK)
Uncontrolled air infiltration Airtight envelope
Inappropriate ventilation strategies Controlled ventilation
Passive house
windows, triple‐
Single or double
glazing and super‐
window panes in insulated frames
thin and leaky
frames result in cold Rg ≥≥ 1,43 m2K/W
radiation and Rf ≥≥ 1,25 m2K/W
draught
Poor insulation R≥≥6,67 m2K/W
Frequently thermal bridges (cold spots) Avoidance of thermal bridges by design
Uncontrolled air infiltration Ψ<<0,01W/(mK)
Inappropriate ventilation strategies Airtight envelope
Single or double window panes in thin and n50<0,6 h‐1
leaky frames result in cold radiation and Controlled ventilation
draught Passive house windows, triple‐glazing and
super‐insulated frames
Rg ≥≥ 1,43 m2K/W
Rf ≥≥ 1,25 m2K/W
Solar Gains not Orientation on plot and
considered in design glazing designed to
process (in some provide some 40% of
international heating requirements
methodologies) from passive solar gains
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5/25/2018
R≥≥6,67 m2K/W
Avoidance of thermal bridges by design
Poor insulation
Ψ<<0,01W/(mK)
Frequently thermal bridges (cold spots)
Airtight envelope
Uncontrolled air infiltration
n50<0,6 h‐1
Inappropriate ventilation strategies
Controlled ventilation
Single or double window panes in thin and
Passive house windows, triple‐glazing and
leaky frames result in cold radiation and
super‐insulated frames
draught
Rg ≥≥ 1,43 m2K/W
Solar Gains not considered in design process
Rf ≥≥ 1,25 m2K/W
(in some international methodologies)
Orientation on plot and glazing designed
to provide some 40% of heating
requirements from passive solar gains
Resultant space
heating/cooling
requirements:
heat/cooling load
> 100 W/m2
< 10 W/m2
Super‐insulated
PH characteristics R≥≥6,67 m2K/W
Frequently thermal bridges (cold spots)
Advanced heat recovery Ψ<<0,01W/(mK)
Uncontrolled air infiltration system with small air Airtight envelope
Inappropriate ventilation strategies n50<0,6 h‐1
Single or double window panes in thin
heater, max. 1kW Controlled ventilation
and leaky frames result in cold radiation Passive house windows, triple‐glazing and
and draught super‐insulated frames
Solar Gains not considered in design Rg ≥≥ 1,43 m2K/W
process (in some international Rf ≥≥ 1,25 m2K/W
methodologies) Orientation on plot and glazing designed
to provide some 40% of heating
requirements from passive solar gains
Un economic heating
system, 10kW or more
Heat added to injected
fresh air at low
temperature , causing
Draughty heating using
no draught
radiators below window > 100 kWh/(m2an)
14 May 9, 2017 High Performance Energy – Efficient Buildings ‐ 4th Year CE < 15 kWh/(m2an)
7
5/25/2018
R≥≥6,67 m2K/W
Frequently thermal bridges (cold
Annual energy Ψ<<0,01W/(mK)
spots) consumption for space Airtight envelope
Uncontrolled air infiltration n50<0,6 h‐1
Inappropriate ventilation strategies
heating Controlled ventilation
Single or double window panes in Passive house windows, triple‐glazing and
thin and leaky frames result in cold super‐insulated frames
radiation and draught Rg ≥≥ 1,43 m2K/W
Solar Gains not considered in design Rf ≥≥ 1,25 m2K/W
process (in some international
methodologies) Orientation on plot and glazing designed
Draughty heating using radiators to provide some 40% of heating
below window requirements from passive solar gains
Heat added to injected fresh air at low
temperature , causing no draught
> 150 kWh/(m2an) < 15 kWh/(m2an)
Savings >90%
Specific certification criteria
Criterion Reuired value How to attain
Space heating demand as < 15kWh/(m2.an) Careful design using passive house construction techniques and
calculated by PHPP components– precise and complete specifications – thermal bridges!
Accurate research and establishment of climate data for the construction
site
Iterative energy calculations using PHPP
Correct placement of the building on the site to maximize solar gains
and minimize winter shading – situation and orientation
Excellent work force, training and site management
Unrelenting quality control from design to finished project
Airtightness n50 ≤ 0.6h-1 Design for airtightness

Make drawings clearly showing all transitions and difficult spots
Use suitable materials, particularly adhesive tapes
Test as soon as possible to avoid costly repairs – use the ventilation
system if possible, otherwise a blower door
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Specific certification criteria
Criterion Required value How to attain
Primary energy < 120kWh/m2a Use low-energy appliances

consumption Carefully plan water heating system
Use free and ultra-low energy sources as much as possible – solar
panels, PV, heat pumps
Overheating frequency, Not currently Use shading elements as required: permanent, adjustable or seasonable
number of days annually specified Careful design of fenestration, ventilation system and internal airflow
where room temperature
exceeds 25°C
Cooling characteristics < 15kWh/m2a Design shading and ventilation to minimize cooling requirements
and load– cooling demand
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCivzCInDtA
Expensive to heat and maintain Inexpensive to heat and maintain
Uncomfortable to live in: PH outlines
‐ large temperature differences Ultra‐comfortable to live in:
between windows and walls, others.. ‐ low temperature differences between
‐ large temperature differences windows and walls, other..
between heating elements and ‐ low‐temperature additional heating‐hence
surroundings never draughty
‐ hence always draughty
Dry, comfortable and healthy. The ventilation
Propensity to humidity because of system assures a constant supply of clean,
infiltration of humid air and poorly warm and, if required, pollen‐free air.
designed ventilation strategies ‐leads to The ventilation and heating strategy makes
health problems and costly damage. passive houses uniquely suited for schools,
care homes and other health care units
Comparatively cheap to build with high
and increasing running costs ‐ falling Higher initial costs, low running costs and
resale value lower total life cycle costs (e.g. over 40 years) ‐
high and increasing resale value
Relatively easy to build ‐ limited planning
and quality control effort, based on More difficult to build correctly ‐requires exact
‘approved’ techniques and solutions, and and detailed design, planning, specifications
traditional methods; normally erected on and calculations; trained, motivated and well
site using labor with little training and managed on‐site craftsmen.
varying motivation Off‐site manufacturing an advantage

Probably impossible or very hard to get Can be taken to zero carbon with additional
to zero energy and zero carbon design effort and cost
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Passive House
• the Passive House Institute has introduced new categories for its building certification

• Passive House Premium classes
• Passive House Classic
• Passive House Plus
• Passive House Premium

• A new evaluation procedure based on the
“Primary Energy Renewable” (PER) ‐ will be used instead
of the primary energy demand
• also considers the energy generated by the building

• The heating demand of a Passive House remains mandatory
may not exceed < 15 kWh/m2.yr
Conclusions
• The PH standard does not dictate: Aesthetics
• Architectural freedom is hardly limited by PH
requirements although some types of visual and functional
solutions need to be constructed differently from habit.

• Designed scientifically and calculated individually
• Suitable for any type of community

• The PH standard doesn’t consider sustainability criteria
• Passive house can ensure:
• increased comfort
• higher return on investment
• reduced ecological impact
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Passive House from Darmstadt Kranichstei
OG 386/2016: modificare si completare Ordin 2055/2005‐ C107‐2005
ANEXA Nr. 1 (Anexa D la partea a 3‐a din reglementarea tehnică)
Zonarea climatică a României pentru perioada de iarnă
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OG 386/2016: modificare si completare Ordin 2055/2005‐ C107‐2005
ANEXA Nr. 2 (Anexa L la partea a 3‐a din reglementarea tehnică)
Nivelul necesarului de energie pentru clădiri al căror consum de energie este aproape egal cu zero
Energy Scale for Buildings
Romanian Law 372/2005‐updated 2016‐
Heating
Domestic Hot Water
Lighting
Total energy consumptions‐ Heating+DHW+Lighting:
12
14-Jun-20
High Performance
Energy-Efficient Building
4th Year CE
Defining the nearly

Zero Energy Building
nZEB
Dep. Construcţii Civile şi Management
nZEB Definition
• Revizuirea Directivei privind Performanţa Energetică a Clădirilor (EPBD) - Articolul 9:
„Clădirile cu consum de energie aproape zero” (nZEB) ca viitoare cerinţă care trebuie să
fie pusă în aplicare începând cu 2019 pentru clădirile publice şi din 2021 pentru toate
clădirile nou construite
„O clădire cu consum de energie aproape zero este o [...] clădire cu o performanţă energetică
ridicată […], iar acest necesar de energie redus sau aproape egal cu zero ar trebui să fie acoperit în
mare măsură din surse regenerabile, inclusiv energie produsă la faţa locului sau în apropiere”
nZEB = increased EP + SRE produsă la faţa locului sau în apropiere
• EPBD nu stabileşte o metodologie uniformă pentru implementarea nZEB

• Elaborarea unor planuri naţionale specifice - măsuri şi definiţii practice şi aplicabile
• Criteriile nZEB sunt în mare parte de natură calitativă, lăsând mult loc de interpretare şi aplicare
2 May 17, 2016 High Performance Energy – Efficient Buildings - 4th Year CE
1
14-Jun-20
nZEB Definition (2)

• Performanta energetica reprezinta cantitatea de energie, calculata sau masurata,
necesara pentru a satisface necesarul de energie asociat cu o utilizarea standard a
cladirii:
• energia utilizata pentru incalzire, racire, ventilare, apa calda de consum si iluminat
nZEB Definition (3)

• BPIE- Building Peformance Institute Europe - imbunatatirea performantei energetice a cladirilor
din Europa
• Documentul rezuma statusul curent a diferitelor abordari si indicatori care se folosesc in Statele
membre (si Norvegia) pentru definirea cladirilor nZEB atat in cazul cladirilor noi cat si in cazul
cladirilor existente
• exista un raspuns neuniform pe continentul european;
• multe tari nu au definitii pentru cladiriile nZEB, insemnand ca nu aplica inca politicile necesare
• in tarile unde exista definitii nZEB, acestea nu sunt consistente sau nu sunt comparabile intre natiuni
• in timp definitiile sunt implementate si promovate pe piata constructiilor, rezultand in imbunatatiri a comfortului
locuitorilor si o reducere a facturilor de energie si a emisiilor de gaze cu efect de sera.
2
14-Jun-20
nZEB Definition (3)

• exista definitii nZEB in 15 tari (plus Regiunea
Capitalei Bruxelles si Regiunea Flandra).
• In alte 3 tari, cerintele nZEB au fost definite si se

asteapta implementarea acestora in legislatia
nationala
• In cele 9 state membre ramase (plus Norvegia si

Regiunea Valona din Belgia) definitiile sunt inca in
discutie si procesul nu s-a finalizat.
• Un dezavantaj mare e faptul ca sunt greu de facut

comparatii intre statele membre deoarece valorile
definite ca maxim pentru consumurile energetice
primare sunt foarte variabile
General approaches
• definitia nZEB considera ca principal indicator energia primara maxima (e.p.max.).
• In cateva cazuri (Danemarca si Regiunea Belgiana Flandra), cons. de e.p. al cladirii este evaluat printr-un
coeficient adimensional, comparand cons. de e. p. al cladirii cu cons.de e. al unei cladiri de referinta cu
caracteristici similare (din pct de vedere a geometriei).
• In cateva tari (Marea Britanie, Norvegia, Spania), emisiile de carbon sunt folosite ca indicator principal
• In alte tari (Austria, Romania) emisiile de carbon sunt utilizare ca un indicator complementar cons. de e. p. .
• cladirile rezidentiale, majoritatea jurisdictilor tintesc in a asigura un cons. e.p.≤ 50 kWh/m2an.
• diferine cerinte sunt stabilite pentru cladirile individuale precum si pentru cladirile de apartamente si valori mai mari pentru
regiunile cu climate mai reci (Franta, Romania)
• cladirile cu alta destinatie decat cea de locuire - o singura tinta pentru cladirile de birouri si cladirile de invatamant (Regiunea
Capitalei Bruxelles).
• alte tari (Romania, Estonia) stabilesc cerinte si pentru spitale.
• nivelul maxim de e.p. - cladiri cu alta destinatie decat cea de locuire din Europa merge de la 0 la 270 kWh/m2an.
3
14-Jun-20
Methods for the energy performance calculation

• Anexa I din EPBD - principalele consumuri in calcul: incalzire, apa calda de consum, climatizare, ventilare si
iluminatul (in principal in sectorul nor-rezidential).
• In doar cateva tari sunt considerate si electrocasnicele (Austria) sau consumul energetic a lifturilor si a scarilor
rulante (pentru cladiri cu alta destinatie in italia).
• majoritatea tarilor impun cerinte separate pentru consumul energetic final, referindu-se la necesarul final de
energie pentru incalzirea spatiilor (e.g. in Cipru, Letonia, Slovenia sau Regiunea capitalei Bruxelles) sau la
coeficientul mediu de transmitanta termica a cladirii (Republica Ceha)
• In unele tari este inclusa si evaluarea etanseitatii cladirii. (Danemarca si Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles
• In putine cazuri (Franta , Danemarca, Regiunea capitalei Brussel si Regiunea Flandra), se stabilesc cerinte
aditionale pentru performanta sistemelor tehnice (unitatile de incalzire si ventilare) si pentru reducerea riscului
de supraincalzire al cladirii.
Renewable energy usage

• 11 State Membre, Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles si Regiunea Flandra a stabilit o definitie care include o tinta
numerica pentru consumul de e.p. (sau finala) si evalueaza ponderea energiilor regenerabile intr-un mod
cantitativ sau calitativ.
• 8 dintre aceste state (Cipru, Lituania, Latvia, Romania, Slovacia, Irlanda, Franta, Regiunea Flandra), au stipulat
in mod explicit ponderea de cosum energetic primar care trebuie sa fie asigurat de sursele regenerabile de
energie .
• In alte jurisdictii (Republica Ceha, Danemarca, Estonia, Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles) sursele regenerabile sunt
considerate in mod indirect.
• In Danemarca - o evolutie graduala a factorilor energetici primari a fost planuita si o crestere in ponderea
energiei din surse regenerabile peste 50% este asteptata in 2020.
• La sfarsitul anului 2015 Comisia Europeana a trebuit sa evalueze progresul realizat in acest domeniu de totate
statele membre .
• diferentele existente in definirea cladirilor nZEB ,
• necesitatea clarificarii legislatiei europene
4
14-Jun-20
EPBD – calculation the overall energy performance

EN 15603:2013 HIGH ENERGY PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS: Design and Evaluation Methodologies
defineste:
(a) Bilantul energetic al cladirii – in zona constructiei (b) / in apropiere (c) / la distanta (d)
Stabilirea performantei energetice a cladirii:

1. Proprietatilor anvelopei cladirii- necesarul de
energie
2. Sisteme tehnice- necesarul de energie livrata
cladirii
3. Ponderarea energiilor livrate cladirii
Building site boundary for PE and RES calculation
10
5
14-Jun-20
Energy flows for PE calculation at nZEB
• Energia primara :
𝐸= 𝐸 , ×𝑓 , − 𝐸 , ×𝑓 ,
unde fdel,i=fexp,I sau fdel,i≠fexp,I

In functie de definirea la nivel national
11
Implementation principles for nZEB

• Primul principiu nZEB: Necesarul de energie a clădirii
• Stabilirea unor praguri maxim admisibile
• Limita inferioară (cea mai ambiţioasă) stabilită de către necesarul de energie al unei cladiri tipice realizată cu cea
mai bună tehnologie disponibilă pe piaţă.
• Al doilea principiu nZEB: Contribuţia energiei din surse regenerabile

• interval rezonabil pentru contribuţia procentuală a energiei din surse regenerabile care acoperă necesarul de
energie al clădirii ar fi cuprins între 50% şi 90% (sau 100%).
• Al treilea principiu nZEB: Energia primară și emisiile de CO2 asociate

• emisiile de CO2 rezultate din consumul de energie al cladirii ar trebui să fie sub 3 kg CO2/(m2an).
• Pentru obiectivele UE 2050 este necesar ca emisiile de Co2 rezultate din consumul de energie primară al clădirilor să
fie limitate la o valoare care să permită atingerea obiectivelor de decarbonizare a economiei UE
• este necesară introducerea unui indicator care să reflecte emisiile de Co2 ale clădirii
12
6
14-Jun-20
Climate classification based on nZEB definitions

Clasificare bazata pe valorile consumurilor
de energie primară
Calculul consumului de energie primară:

- Incălzire
- ventilare
- răcire
- apă caldă de consum
- Iluminat
&
- pentru fiecare tip de combustibil sau
sursa energetică.
Qf,i = Qf,h,i ·+ Qf,v,i + Qf,c,i + Qf,w,i + Qf,l,I [kWh/a]
energia consumată pentru: incălzire, ventilare,

răcire, preparare apă caldă de consum şi
iluminat, calculată conform MC001:2006
13
nZEB definitions based on the energy consumptions for primary energy
14
7
14-Jun-20
Energy consumptions for office buildings nZEB type (kWh/m2an)

- Cladiri cu alta destinatie - iluminatul joaca un rol primordial in consumul total de enrgie
- Valorile consumurilor energeticept nZEB comparate cu cerintele minime de performanta energetice
15
nZEB definition proposals for Romania

Categoria clădirii Cerinţe minime Anul
2016 2019 2020
Clădiri individuale
Energie primară [kWh/m²an] 100 30-50
Pondere regnerabile [%] >20 >40
Emisii CO2 [kgCO2 /m²an] <10 <3-7
Clădiri colective
Energie primară [kWh/m².an] 70 30-50
Clădiri de birouri
Clădiri ale administraţiei publice

Emisii CO2 [kgCO2 /m²an] <13 <5
16
8
14-Jun-20
Plan de creştere a numărului de clădiri al căror consum de

energie este aproape egal cu zero – MDRAP, iulie 2014
• Def.: “Clădirea cu consum de energie aproape egal cu zero este clădirea cu o
performanţă energetică foarte ridicată, la care necesarul de energie din surse
convenţionale este aproape egal cu zero sau este foarte scăzut şi este acoperit,
în cea mai mare măsură, cu energie din surse regenerabile, inclusiv cu energie
din surse regenerabile produsă la faţa locului sau în apropiere.”
• sursele regenerabile de energie (nefosile), acoperă minimum 10% din energia primară totală
calculată a clădirii.
• la clădirile existente la care se execută lucrări de renovare majoră, nivelul maximum admis al energiei
primare din surse convenţionale - se justifică din punct de vedere tehnico-economic,
• Atât în cazul clădirilor noi cât şi al celor existente incluse în programe naţionale şi locale de
modernizare energetică, se urmăreşte ca soluţiile tehnice adoptate să satisfacă cerinţele minime din
punct de vedere al costurilor, determinate în concordanţă cu prevederile Regulamentului delegat al UE
nr. 244 / 2012
17
Residential Buildings – MDRAP report (2014)
18
9
14-Jun-20
19
20
10
14-Jun-20
Date de ieşire şi calculul costului global la nivel macroeconomic
Financiar
21
Raportul de ţară privind performanţa energetică minim admisibilă pentru

încadrarea clădirilor în clasa de clădiri de tip NZEB – evoluţia în intervalul de timp
până în anul 2020
22
11
14-Jun-20
Recomandari - Valorile limită maximum admise ale energiei primare şi ale emisiilor de CO2
23
Valoarea maxim admisă a

energiei primare brute
zona climatica II
bloc de locuinte
Valorile semnificative ale

necesarului anual de căldură
pentru încălzirea spaţiilor, aferente
clădirilor de tip NZEB [kWh/m2.an]:
24
12
14-Jun-20
OG 386/2016: modificare si completare Ordin 2055/2005- C107-2005

ANEXA Nr. 2 (Anexa L la partea a 3-a din reglementarea tehnică)
Nivelul necesarului de energie pentru clădiri al căror consum de energie este aproape egal cu zero
25
Integration of nZEB on the energy scale?
• Revision of the energy scale

for nZEB
• A class must be split into

other classes, as A+, A++
26
13
14-Jun-20
Actual status 1. Există cerinţe numai în ceea ce priveşte reglementările tehnice în construcţii pentru clădirile
noi. Nu sunt stabilite cerinţe globale privind performanţa energetică a clădirilor pentru clădirile
noi şi renovări ale clădirilor existente.
2. Există cerinţe normative pentru elemente componente ale anvelopei clădirii, cu referire la
nivelul de izolare termică şi un coeficient global de transfer termic (G). G reprezintă o cerinţă
generală minimă (numai pentru încălzire)
Gaps regarding 1. Nu există cerinţe specifice pentru consumul de energie primară sau pentru emisiile de CO2.
implementation
What can be done better 1. Pentru asigurarea tranziţiei către nZEB, trebuie să se revizuiască reglementările tehnice în
for the nZEB construcţii. Schimbările trebuie să aibă efect asupra structurii cadrului normativ şi a nivelului de
implementation ambiţie.
2. Ar trebui revizuită structura reglementărilor, inclusiv cerinţele minime privind consumul de
energie finală şi primară şi emisiile CO2 şi utilizarea energiei din surse regenerabile.
3. Trebuie revizuit nivelul de ambiţie a cerinţelor.
Intermediate steps 1. Revizuirea nivelului de ambiţie a cerinţelor:

- Îmbunătăţirea cerinţelor pentru anvelopa clădirii,
- Reducerea consumului maxim de energie finală şi primară.
2. Adaptarea structurii reglementărilor
- Introducerea cerinţelor minime de performanţă energetică la nivel de consum de energie
finală/primară şi a unor cerinţe, cel puţin orientative, pentru emisiile de CO2
- Introducerea unor cerinţe minime pentru contribuţia energiei din surse regenerabile sau pentru
utilizarea obligatorie a sistemelor SRE.
27
Conclusions
• Definitii diferite la nivel european a nZEB
• Consumul de energie primara variaza de la 20-200 kwh/m2an
• Lipsa unei metodologii concrete de calcul a consumurilor energetice

• Neglijarea unor fluxuri de energie in calculul consumurilor energetice
• Este nevoie de:

• indrumare pentru stabilirea unor valori consistente si comparabile
• existenta unor detalii constructive corespunzatoare
• existenta unor metodologii de calcul clare adecvate cladirilor nZEB
• definitii a utilizarilor standard pentru diferite tipuri de cladiri
• solutii optime din punct de vedere a costurilor
• existenta unor stimulente financiare
• definirea PE pe tipuri de cladiri cf EPBD si standardelor de calcul a PE
• Includerea metodelor de obtinere a nZEB in standardele revizuite din 2015

28
14
14-Jun-20
Tour Elithis
Prima clădire de birouri din lume

cu consum energetic pozitiv şi costuri
de intreţinere la preţuri standard
Dijon, Franţa
Inaugurată în 2 Aprilie 2009
Elithis ingénierie
arhitect Jean-Marie Charpentier
29
15
5/25/2018
Construcții civile de înaltă

performanță energetică

An 4 CCIA/IE
Soluții constructive
utilizate la realizarea
clădirilor civile de înaltă
performanță energetică.

Building Envelope
• Foarte importanta in stabilirea necesarului de energie pentru incalzire si racire

• Pierderile de energie depind de: tipul cladirii, climat, solutii constructive, orientare, amplasament si
comportamentul ocupantilor

• Este nevoie de optiuni avansate si eficiente energetic a componentelor individuale ale anvelopei cladirii
1
5/25/2018
Building Envelope
• Pasive
• Pereti , acoperisuri, plansee, suprafete vitrate
izolate corespunzatorr;
punti termice neglijabile, etc.
• Rata de ventilare la valori optime
• Maximizarea aporturilor solare: raportul suprafata
opaca‐suprafata vitrata optim;
raportul dimensional; inertia termica

• Active
• BIPV/T
• Stocare termica
• Recuperare de caldura, etc..

Actual status
• Anvelopa cladirii:
• joaca un rol important de bariera termica intre interior si exterior
• stabileste nivelul de comfort, iluminare natural si ventilare
• stabileste necesarul de incalzire si racire a cladirii

• Anvelopa cladirilor noi:
• Implementarea metodelor de incalzire si racire pasiva prin utilizarea materialelor de constructie eficiente
energetic scaderea necesarul de energie pentru incalzire si racire
• Consumul de energie pentru racire va creste in 2050
150% ‐ global 300%‐600% ‐ tarile in curs de dezvoltare
• Tari climat cald:
• solutii eficiente dpdv a costurilor‐ acoperisuri si pereti reflectanti
umbriri exterioare, utilizarea suprafetelor de ferestre cu acoperiri de tip low‐E
• Tari climate reci:
• optimizarea proiectarii cladirii si utilizarea unor sisteme vitrate avansate
4
May 24, 2016 High Performance Energy – Efficient Buildings ‐ 4th Year CE
2
5/25/2018
Actual status
• Etanseizarea cladirii: impiedicarea trecerii aerului prin anvelopa cladirii
• Un factor important in cresterea eficientei energetice a cladirii
• Etanseizarea corespunzatoare reduce necesarul de caldura pentru incalzire cu 20%‐30%

• Cladirile etanse au nevoie de sistem de ventilare controlat pentru asigurarea climatului
interior sanatos
• Este important efectuarea testelor standard de etanseitate a cladirii la fiecare 10 ani.

• Utilizarea sistemelor de fatada integrate:
• Optimizarea iluminarii naturale si reducerea necesarurilor energetice
• Umbrire exterioara prin orientarea corespunzatoare si control solar dinamic
• Optimizarea raportului suprafat vitrata‐suprafata opaca
• Economii de energie de
60%‐iluminat
20%‐ racire
26% ‐ necesarul de energie electrica
Building form and orientation
Iarna
• Soarele rasare SE si apune SW
• Pozitia soarelui coborata, zile scurte

Vara
• Soarele rasare NE si apune NW
• Pozitia soarelui ridicata, zile mai lungi
3
5/25/2018
Hygrothermal performance‐ U values (=1/R)
U‐in Europe (cerinte de izolare termica) (2014)
Tara Pereti Acoperis Plansee inferioare Ferestre Pereti Pereti in contact cu

interiori terenul
Finland 0,17/0,26 (5,89) 0,09/0,14 0,16/0,24 (6,25) 1,00/1,4 (1,00)
(11,11)
Germany 0,28 0,20 0,30 1,30
Czech Republi 0,30 0,24 0,30 1,5

c
Italy 0,33 (3,03) 0,29 (3,45) 0,32 (3,13) 2,00 (0,50)
Austria 0,35 0,20 0,35 1,40 0,60 0,40
Bulgaria 0,35 0,28 0,40 1,70
France 0,36 0,20 0,27 1,50
Romania 0,56 (1,80) 0,20 (5,00) 0,21 (4,80) 1,30 (0,77) 0,90 (1,10) 0,35 (2,90)
Spain 0,74 0,45 0,62 3,10
Passive 0,10 (10) 0,10 (10) 0,12 (8,33) 0,80 (1,25)

House
Thermal insulation
• Asigurarea unui grad de izolare termica corespunzator pentru pereti, planseu terasa / acoperis, placa
pe sol / planseu peste subsol neincalzit

temperatura de comfort in perioada rece opreste excesul de caldura in perioada calda

• Gradul de izolare termica depinde de tipul cladirii

• Proiectarea defectuoasa si asamblarea necorespunzatoare

• Punti Termice

aparitia fenomenului de condens

• dispunerea barierei de vapori
• evaluarea umiditatii prin programe de simulare

4
5/25/2018
Thermal insulation systems
Plăci din fibră lemnoasă
Sisteme termoizolante clasice Kronotherm DF 20

Spumă albastră de polistiren
extrudat STYROFOAM Izolație fenolică rigidă KINGSPAN Poliuretan Rigid Pulverizat Fibre celulozice
Thermal insulation systems
Izolații cu AEROGEL SPACELOFT
‐ inventat în anul 1931 de un chimist american‐ dezvoltat în anul 2007;
‐ conductivitate foarte scăzută 0.011‐0.013 W/(m.K) fiind alcătuit dintr‐un procent de 90% de aer
cel mai bun material izolant!

 Panouri din aerogel de 30 mm
grosime;
 Clădire de locuit din Anglia

Transformarea unei clădiri elveţiene

construită în 1600 într-o clădire pasivă
 Panouri de aerogel de 9 mm grosime
la interior şi la exterior
5
5/25/2018
Transparent thermal insulation systems‐ StoSolar system
Clădire de birouri în Erfurt, Germania
Clădire de locuit în Seewalchen, Hipermarket M‐Preis în Wattens
Austria Austria
Other performant materials
• Vacuum Insulated Panel (VIP)
• Panouri structurale izolate (SIPs)
• Insulated Concrete Foam ICF
6
5/25/2018
Details for low energy buildings, passive house, nZEB
• Detaliile de casa pasiva‐ reduc seminificativ pierderile de caldura
• Exemplu pentru o casa unifamiliala cu o Sperete exterior=100 m2. θi=21oC & θe=‐12oC

Valori R pierderi pierderile costurile anuale

de caldura anuale de caldura pierderi de caldura (2005)
m²K/W W kWh/(m²a) prin peretii exetriori €/an
1,00 3300 78 429.‐
1,25 2640 62 343.‐
1,67 1980 47 257.‐

0,40 1320 31 172.‐
2,50 660 16 86.‐
6,67 495 12 64.‐
10 330 8 43.‐

• Valori corespunzatoare pentru R≥6,67 m²K/W
Details
• Grosimi de termoizolatie de circa 30 cm
• Grosimi de 20 cm pentru materialel
• cu o conductivitate termica foarte scazuta Material conductivitate grosimea necesara pentru
termica a asigura R=7,69 (m²K)/ W
W/mK _ m
beton 2.100 15.80
caramida plina 0.800 6.02
caramida cu goluri 0.400 3.01
lemn 0.130 0.98
BCA 0.110 0.83
==================================================
baloti de paie 0.055 0.410
material izolator tipic 0.040 0.300
mat. izolator superior 0.025 0.188
spume nanoporoase
"super insulation" 0.015 0.113
izolatie tip “vacuum”(silica) 0.008 0.060
izolatie tip “vacuum”
(vacumare ridicata) 0.002 0.015
7
5/25/2018
Details
• nnnn
R=9,09 m2K/W
R=6,25 m2K/W
8
5/25/2018
Details
• nnnn
R=11,11 m2K/W
R=10 m2K/W
9
5/25/2018
Glazing surface
• Un punct cheie in proiectarea avansata consta in eliminarea echipamentelor de incalzire si racire

• Programe de simulare a performantei energetice a cladirii:
• optimizarea iluminatului natural
• specificarea orientarii cladirii
• adaugarea caracteristicilor care asigura umbrirea si ventilarea naturala
Ferestre electrocromate
Development of Glass and window technology

Geamurile sunt de obicei realizate din sticlă clară, cu transmisie a luminii mare și conductivitate termică foarte
ridicată.
Pentru a îmbunătăți izolarea termică foarte slabă , practica pentru o perioadă lungă a fost de a introduce mai
multe panouri de sticlă (de obicei două), unul în spatele celuilalt, inițial ca o fereastră de tip cutie, apoi ca o
fereastră de compozit și în anii 1960 ca geam termopan sau panou.
În anii 1980 ferestrele izolatoare de tip tristrat au inceput a fi folosite, dar acestea nu au avut succes din cauza
costurilor relativ ridicate.

Din anii 1990, sticla rezistentă la transfer termic este utilizată, aceasta avand urmatoarele avantaje:
•Radiația termică din interior este redusă de acoperiri metalice
•Spaţiile dintre geamuri sunt umplute cu gaze nobile (argon, krypton, combinatii argon+krypton, xenon)
•Transmisia radiatilor solara este îmbunătățită din cauza conținutului redus de oxid de fier (sticlă albă),
respectiv valoare coeficientului g de penetrare a luminii avand valori scazute
•Izolarea termică a suprafețelor interioare și exterioare prin dispunerea unor benzi de etansare la zona de
imbinare sticla‐rama fereastra
10
5/25/2018
1.Vitrajele izolatoare
• distanțierul de margini calde dispus între straturile de geam creşterea Tint cu câteva grade;
• reducerea conductivității gazului dintre straturile de geam;
• adăugarea mai multor foi de geam măreşte valoarea izolatoare.

2.Vitrajele nuanțate (protejate)
• sunt de culoarea bronzului, cenuşiu, uşor albăstră sau verzuie.
• reduc efectul de orbire şi energia solare transmisă prin sticlă.

3.Învelişurile reflectante pentru vitraje
• straturi metalice sau oxide metalic: argintiu, auriu, bronz
• reduc coeficientul de aport solar de căldură.

4.Învelişuri cu emisivitate scăzută (low E)
• Sticla cu straturi (pelicule) LOW E cheia diminuării transferului termic prin geam
• reduc pierderile de căldură prin radiatie la 10%.

5.Geamul laminat
• durabilitate, performanță înaltă, beneficii multifuncționale şi o înfățişare estetică.
Spacers for glazing surfaces
Profil drept Profil rotunjit Profil teşit la 45 Profil TGI Profil cu bariera termică
Profil Super Spacer Sistem de distanțiere Swiglle
11
5/25/2018
Equivalent thermal conductivity for aluminum spacers
Tipul λech [ W/(m·K) ]
de Laţimea distanţierilor din aluminiu [mm]
distanţier 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 16
Drept 31,872 32,559 33,093 33,520 33,364 33,967 34,408 34,587 34,744
Rotunjit 5,749 6,538 7,318 8,034 8,751 10,027 11,232 11,821 12,345
Teşit 4,246 4,729 5,389 5,961 6,479 7,470 8,281 8,828 9,234
TGI - - 1,041 1,089 1,127 1,249 1,328 1,362 1,394
Barieră
- - - 1,043 0,988 0,974 0,967 0,959 0,794
termică
Super
0,185 0,185 0,185 0,185 0,185 0,185 0,185 0,185 0,185
Space
Gas filling
o Argonul: gaz ieftin, non toxic‐ spaţiul de umplere optim: 11-13 mm.

o Kryptonul: performanţă termică mai bună ‐ Spaţiul optim de umplere: 9 mm.
o SF6: gaz de umplere realizat în laborator special pentru umplerea vitrajelor.
o Xenon: performanţă termică cea mai ridicată recomandat la vitraje până la 9 mm.

Proprietatile fizice ale gazului de umplere pentru vitraje
Aer Argon SF6

T
ρ μ λ c ρ μ λ c Ρ μ λ c

10-2

oC Kg/m3 10-5 Pa·s
10-2 103
Kg/m3
10-5 10-2 103
Kg/m3
10-5
W/(m·K
103
W/(m·K) J/(kg·K) Pa·s W/(m·K) J/(kg·K) Pa·s J/(kg·K)
)
20 1.188 1.811 2.576 1.008 1.640 2.228 1.734 0.614 6.118 1.497 1.354 0.519

Proprietatile fizice ale gazului de umplere pentru vitraje

Krypton Xenon
T
ρ μ λ c ρ μ λ c
oC 103
Kg/m3 10-5 Pa·s 10-2 W/(m·K) Kg/m3 10-5 Pa·s 10-2 W/(m·K) 103 J/(kg·K)
J/(kg·K)
20 3.430 2.470 0.926 0.245 5.495 2.299 0.546 0.161
12
5/25/2018
Frames 1. Rame din lemn 2. Rame din PVC 3. Rame din aluminiu

4. Combinații de materiale 5. Rame cu performanțe 6. Cu protecție solară
pentru realizarea ramelor termice ridicate amplasată în structura vitrajului

Double Skin Facade
• Vitrajul exterior
• De obicei o singura foaie de geam
laminat

• Vitrajul interior
• Vitraj dublu izolat (sticla clara,
low‐E, sistem de control solar, etc.,)
• Ferestre operabile‐ ventilare naturala

• Cavitatile de aer
• Naturale, cu ventilatoare sau
ventilare mecanica
• Dimensiunea cavitatii : 12 la 130 cm
• Sistem de umbrire integrat
• Sisteme fotovoltaice
13
5/25/2018
Thermal performance of glazing surface
Normativul C107/3‐2005, tabelul V prevede urmatoarele valori ale rezistentelor termice pentru
elementele vitrate:
Roofs
• Acoperisurie:
• Reduc necesarul de energie pentru incalzire/racire
• Reduc efectul de “insula de caldura urbana”

• Tipuri:
• Acoperisuri albe
• Acoperisuri le verzi

• In functie de climat
Acoperis verde Acoperis traditional
14
5/25/2018
Conclusions
• Optimizarea anvelopei cladirii :
• reducerea costurilor energetice pentru incalzire (H), ventilare (V) si aer‐conditionat (AC) ‐ echipamentul HVAC
• creste comfortul ocupantilor
• creste calitatea vietii prin reducerea costurilor de sanatate

• Activitatile de cercetare si dezvoltarea vor asigura amortizarea investitiilor:
• Ferestre puternic izolate termic
• Materiale de izolare performante la grosimi mici
• Manopera de etanseizare redusa si teste de validare scazute
• Sisteme dinamice automate de vitrare si de umbrire operate la costuri mai mici
• Materiale reflectante si invelisuri reflectante durabile si la preturi mult mai scazute

• Este nevoie:
• asumarea raspunderii in stabilirea unor tinte de eficienta energetica a anvelopei cladirii
• dezvoltarea si armonizarea clasarii si certificarii materialelor de constructii
• implementarea technologiilor testate: izolatii termice, sisteme de etansare, ferestrelor cu emisivitate scazuta, umbrire
exterioara si alte solutii.
• Informarea populatiei privind aspectele economice, de confort si de sanatate asigurate de cladirile cu consum redus de
energie
29 May 24, 2016 th
High Performance Energy – Efficient Buildings ‐ 4 Year CE
15

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14-Jun-20

Conf.dr.ing. Ligia Moga

Dep. Construcţii Civile şi Management

• “Energy efficiency – A step towards sustainable development”

• Necessity of a sustainable built environment

The 20-20-20 EU policy by 2020

2030 Climate an Energy Framework

STRATEGIA ENERGETICĂ A ROMÂNIEI 2015-2035

• On 19th of May, 2010 Directive 2010/31/EU – a recast of the EPBD

• Directive 2012/27/EU - Energy Efficiency Directive

Major Highlights of the Recast Directive Directive 2010/31/EU

• major renovations - holistic calculation methodology is preferred.

Major Highlights of the Recast Directive Directive 2010/31/EU

• Certificates to be issued to all new buildings/building units and when existing

• evaluate the Directive by 1 January 2017 at the latest

EPBD recast - expected impacts

Implementation of the EPBD & EPBD recast in Romania:

• 1.02.2007 - Methodology of calculation of the energy performance of buildings

Methodology of calculation of the energy performance of buildings -

• requirements for new buildings, major renovations and existing buildings.

• The following values are recommended:

Methodology of calculation of the energy performance of buildings -

• Thermal rehabilitation- technical and economical assessment

Methodology of calculation of the energy performance of buildings -

• Order 1071/2009 supplements and amends 1057/2007 - a calculation summary of the

• Present regulations for new buildings are limited to conventional buildings

• MC001/6-2013- Parametrii climatici necesati determinarii performantei energetice a

Qualified Assessors- Energy Auditors for Buildings

• MDRAP (MDLPL) co-ordinates the training of qualified experts:

• professional license, valid for 5 years

Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)

The EPC must exist if a major retrofit will take place

• S buildings>1000m2 occupied by public authorities

• Implemented in 2001- January 2004

• 2008- register of EPC at INCERC Bucuresti (URBAN INCERC )

Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)

- specific thermal energy consumption related

Final annual specific energy consumption

Energy scale from

Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)

Requirements for new buildings, major renovations and existing

• Regulation review C107- 2005

• Amending order 2055 /8.12.2010

• an important impact on the existing buildings stock due to : Execution Works

• cost of the EPC audit and technical project Local

Lucrarile prevazute (< 100 kWh/m2an):

Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap III/ Art.5: The energy performance of a building is expressed:

• Cap VI2/ Art.12(3): Buildings having nearly zero energy consumption

• Cap VII: The Energy Performance Certificate

Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap III/ Art.5: Performanta energetica a cladirii exprimata in:

Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap X2: Penalties

Law 372/2005- updated 2013

Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Art. 126. – Autoritatile administratiei publice locale pot finanta elaborarea

Law 372/2005- updated 2013

• Cap VII: Certificatul de performanta energetica a cladirii