Module 1 Anatomy and Physiology
Module 1 Anatomy and Physiology
Module 1 Anatomy and Physiology
Module 1. Introduction & Overview of Human Anatomy and Physiology and The Language of
Anatomy
This module will help the learners understand the different topics included in this course. It will
give each learner to have an idea of the different organ system which includes identifying basic parts
and functions of each organ system. This will also include the Levels of Organization of the human
body and different directional terms and the language of anatomy that will of use during the whole
course
. Objectives
1. Name the human organ systems and indicate the major functions of each.
2. List several major organs of each system and identify them in a dissected rat, human cadaver or
cadaver image, or in a dissectible human torso model.
3. Name the correct organ system for each organ when presented with a list of organs studied in the
laboratory.
Pre-Test
1. Name the structural and functional unit of all living things. __________ 2. The small
intestine is an example of a(n) __________, because it is composed of two or more
tissue types that perform a particular function for the body. a. epithelial tissue c.
organ b. muscular tissue d. organ system 3. The __________________ system is
responsible for maintaining homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of
electrical signals. 4. The kidneys are part of the __________________ system. 5. The
thin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the
__________________.
The basic unit or building block of all living things is the cell. Cells fall into four
different categories according to their structures and functions. Each of these
corresponds to one of the four tissue types: epithelial, muscular, nervous, and
connective. A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and function. An
organ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific
function for the body. For example, the small intestine, which digests and absorbs
nutrients, is made up of all four tissue types. An organ system is a group of organs
that act together to perform a particular body function. For example, the organs of
the digestive system work together to break down foods and absorb the end products
into the bloodstream to provide nutrients and fuel for all the body’s cells. In all, there
are 11 organ systems (described in Table 2.1). The lymphatic system also
encompasses a functional system called the immune system, which is composed of an
army of mobile cells that act to protect the body from foreign substances. Read
through this summary of the body’s organ systems before beginning your rat
dissection or examination of the predissected human cadaver. If a human cadaver is
not available, the figures provided in this exercise (Figures 2.3–2.6), will serve as a
partial replacement.
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