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    Intel Processors: Timothy Render and Carlton Matara

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    Venkat Kiran Sribhashyam
    Intel was founded in 1968 by semiconductor engineers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore. Some key processors developed by Intel include the 4004 (first microprocessor), 8080 (used in early microcomputers), 8088 (used in the original IBM PC), 80386 (first 32-bit x86 CPU), Pentium 4 (first successful 64-bit x86 CPU), Core 2 Duo (first processor based on the Core architecture), and various generations of the Core i3, i5, and i7 processors which improved performance through reduced transistor sizes and additional features.

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    Intel Processors: Timothy Render and Carlton Matara

    Uploaded by

    Venkat Kiran Sribhashyam
    68 views19 pages
    Intel was founded in 1968 by semiconductor engineers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore. Some key processors developed by Intel include the 4004 (first microprocessor), 8080 (used in early microcomputers), 8088 (used in the original IBM PC), 80386 (first 32-bit x86 CPU), Pentium 4 (first successful 64-bit x86 CPU), Core 2 Duo (first processor based on the Core architecture), and various generations of the Core i3, i5, and i7 processors which improved performance through reduced transistor sizes and additional features.

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    Intel was founded in 1968 by semiconductor engineers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore. Some key processors developed by Intel include the 4004 (first microprocessor), 8080 (used in early microcomputers), 8088 (used in the original IBM PC), 80386 (first 32-bit x86 CPU), Pentium 4 (first successful 64-bit x86 CPU), Core 2 Duo (first processor based on the Core architecture), and various generations of the Core i3, i5, and i7 processors which improved performance through reduced transistor sizes and additional features.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views19 pages

    Intel Processors: Timothy Render and Carlton Matara

    Uploaded by

    Venkat Kiran Sribhashyam
    Intel was founded in 1968 by semiconductor engineers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore. Some key processors developed by Intel include the 4004 (first microprocessor), 8080 (used in early microcomputers), 8088 (used in the original IBM PC), 80386 (first 32-bit x86 CPU), Pentium 4 (first successful 64-bit x86 CPU), Core 2 Duo (first processor based on the Core architecture), and various generations of the Core i3, i5, and i7 processors which improved performance through reduced transistor sizes and additional features.

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    Intel Processors

    Timothy Render and Carlton Matara


    History of Intel
    ● Intel was founded on July 18, 1968

    ● Founded by semiconductor engineers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore

    ○ Both engineers left Fairchild Semiconductor to start Intel

    ● Originally called “NM Electronics” (NM for Noyce and Moore)

    ● Purchased the rights to use “Intel” from a company called Intelco

    ○ Intel is short for Integrated Electronics


    Intel Processor Timeline
    Intel 4004
    ● 4-bit central processing unit
    ● 10 𝜇𝜇m te chnology size
    ● 2300 transistors
    ● Clock rate of 740 kHz
    ● Could not handle inte rrupts
    ● First Available Microproce ssor from Inte l
    ● First CPU in one chip
    ○ Containe d CPU, ROM (4KB), RAM (640 byte s) and a shift re giste r (10 bit) for I/O
    ● Mainly use d in calculators
    Intel 8008
    ● 10 𝜇𝜇m te chnology size
    ● Clock rate of 800 kHz
    ● 16 KB of m e m ory (ROM + RAM)
    ● Could handle inte rrupts
    ● Bigge r stack than the Inte l 4004
    ● 8 inputs ports
    ● 24 output ports
    ● No dire ct m e m ory addre ssing
    ● First com m e rcially available 8-bit CPU
    ● Mainly use d in calculators, industrial robots (i.e . Bottling Machine s),
    com pute r te rm inals
    Intel 8080
    ● 8-bit CPU
    ● 6 𝜇𝜇m te chnology size
    ● Clock rate of 4 MHz
    ● 64 KB of m e m ory (ROM + RAM)
    ● 256 I/O ports
    ● Source code com patible with 8008
    ○ Easy to port old applications
    ● Introduction of the stack pointe r (SP) re giste r
    ○ Stack could now grow to the size of RAM
    ● Mainly use d in e arly m icrocom pute rs, MITS Altair 8800 Com pute r
    ● Big part of the launch of pe rsonal com pute rs
    Intel 8088
    ● 16-bit CPU
    ● Up to 10 MHz clock speed
    ● 3 𝜇𝜇m te chnology size
    ● 1 MB of m e m ory (ROM + RAM)
    ● Use d in the original IBM PC

    ● Establishe d what we know today as the x86 archite cture


    ● First com m e rcially available 16-bit CPU
    Intel 80386

    ● 32-Bit CPU
    ● Up to 40 MHz clock speed
    ● 1 𝜇𝜇m te chnology size
    ● 4 GB of m e m ory (ROM + RAM)
    ● Inte l’s first 32-bit x86 CPU
    ● Mainly use d in Pe rsonal Com pute rs
    ● Introduce d “Virtual Mode ”
    ○ Ability to run le gacy 16-bit applications while providing prote ction to m e m ory and othe r
    re source s
    Intel Pentium 4 (Prescott)
    ● Intel’s first successful implementation of a 64-bit x86 CPU
    ● 90 nm technology size
    ● Up to 3.8 GHz
    ● 2 MB L2 cache
    ● 800 MHz Bus Speed
    Intel Core 2 Duo
    ● In 2006, Intel released a new platform named Intel Core 2 Duo.
    ● 65nm technology size.
    ● This was the first processor based upon the Core architecture which is still
    used by Intel today.
    ● It contained two cores, with each core being able to process four instructions
    simultaneously.
    ● The popular Core i3, Core i5, and Core i7 all stemmed from the Core 2 Duo.
    Intel Core First Generation - Nehalem
    ● The first Core i7 released by Intel was given the codename “Bloomfield”.
    ● Released in Q4 of 2008.
    ● 45 nm technology size
    ● Quad-Core Design with a shared L3 cache between the four different cores.
    ● Each core has a split 8-way set associative L1 cache and a unified 8-way set
    associative L2 cache.
    ● To further improve the effectiveness of the cache, Intel added prefetching.
    ● Main memory controller reduced time taken to access main memory.
    Intel Core i7 - Sandy Bridge
    ● First released in early 2011
    ● 32 nm technology size
    ● Similar cache to the Bloomfield generation of i7.
    ● Integrated Graphics Processor on same die as cores.
    ● Improved integrated memory controller
    Intel Core i7 - Ivy Bridge
    ● 22 nm technology size
    ● Estimated 4%-6% gain in IPC
    ● Improvement in cache prefetching
    ● Virtualization of move operations
    Intel Core i7 - Haswell
    ● 22 nm Technology Size
    ● Increase in Reservation Stations from 6 to 8
    ● Additional integer ALUs and branch unit
    ● One of the highest rates of per-clock throughput at the time
    Intel Core i7 - Broadwell
    ● 14 nm technology size
    ● Released in Early 2015
    ● Estimated 5% increase in IPC
    ● Increase in L3 cache size
    ● Not very successful, replaced within a few months
    Intel Core i7 - Skylake

    ● 14 nm Technology size

    ● Released late 2015, a few months after Broadwell


    ● 10% faster than Broadwell
    Intel Core i7 - Kaby Lake
    ● 14 nm+ Technology size
    ● Released in Early 2017
    ● 256KB L2 cache
    ● 8MB L3 cache
    Intel Core i7 - Coffee Lake
    ● 14 nm Technology size
    ● Released October 2017
    ● Increase to six cores over Kaby Lake’s four
    ● As a result, L3 cache increased to 12MB
    ● Base clock of Coffee Lake same as turbo boost of Broadwell
    References
    ● https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/history-intel-chips-timeline-poster.html
    ● http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/4004/index.html
    ● http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/8008/index.html
    ● http://www.cpu-world.com/Arch/8080.html
    ● http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/8088/Intel-D8088.html
    ● http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/80386/index.html
    ● http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Pentium_4/Intel-Mobile%20Pentium%204%202.8%20GHz%20-
    %20RK80546GE0721M.html
    ● https://techreport.com/review/32642/intel-core-i7-8700k-cpu-reviewed/2
    ● http://www.pcgamer.com/intel-core-i7-7700k-review
    ● https://techreport.com/review/28751/intel-core-i7-6700k-skylake-processor-reviewed/2
    ● https://techreport.com/review/26896/intel-broadwell-processor-revealed/3
    ● https://www.anandtech.com/show/4083/the-sandy-bridge-review-intel-core-i7-2600k-i5-2500k-core-i3-2100-tested
    ● https://techreport.com/review/20188/intel-sandy-bridge-core-processors/2
    ● https://techreport.com/review/24879/intel-core-i7-4770k-and-4950hq-haswell-processors-reviewed
    ● https://techreport.com/review/15818/intel-core-i7-processors
    ● https://techreport.com/review/22835/review-intel-core-i7-3770k-ivy-bridge-processor/2

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