Module Business Mathematics
Module Business Mathematics
Module Business Mathematics
_________________________________________________________________
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the week:
1. Define fractions
2. Adding fractions
3. Subtracting fractions
4. Multiplying and dividing fractions
DURATION: 2hrs.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Evaluate fractions
2. Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on fractions
AREA OF COMPETENCY: CRITICAL THINKING
REFERENCES
_________________________________________________________________
https://www.mathsisfun.com/fractions
Numerator / Denominator
We call the top number the Numerator, it is the number of parts we have.
We call the bottom number the Denominator, it is the number of parts the
whole is divided into.
numerator
denominator
Adding Fractions
A fraction like ¾ says we have 3 out of the 4
parts the whole is divided into.
Subtracting Fractions
There are 3 simple steps to subtract fractions
Step 1. Make sure the bottom numbers (the denominators) are the same
Step 2. Subtract the top numbers (the numerators). Put the answer over the
same denominator.
Step 3. Simplify the fraction (if needed).
Example
Dividing fractions
Turn the second fraction upside down, hen multiply
Example
1 1
÷
2 6
Step 1. Turn the second fraction upside down (it becomes a reciprocal):
1 6
becomes
6 1
Step 2. Multiply the fraction by that reciprocal:
(Multiply the tops…)
1 6 1x6 6
x = =
2 1 2 x1 2
(multiply the bottoms…)
Step 3. Simplify the fraction:
1 1 1. ____
1. What is ÷ ?
12 4
1 1 c) 3 d) 48
a) b)
48 3
7 2 2. ____
2. What is ÷ ?
12 3
7 4 1 7
a) b) 2 c) 1 d)
18 7 7 8
5 4 3. ____
3. What is x ?
8 5
a) 1 b) ½ c) 1/3 d) 1/4
2 4 4. ____
4. What is x ?
7 3
8 2 4 4
a) b) c) d)
21 3 21 7
2 5. ____
∧3
5. Add 7 ?
7
1 6 5 5
a) b) c) d)
7 49 14 7
1 6. ____
∧3
6. Add 4 ?
8
5 4 1 5
a) b) c) d)
8 12 3 16
5 1 7. ____
7. What is − ?
12 12
a) 4 1 5 1
b) c) d)
12 6 3
7 3 8. ____
8. What is − ?
12 8
a) 1 b) 7/9 c) 23/24 d) 5/24
9. Convert 3/5 to a decimal 9. ____
a) 0.3 b) 0.4
c) 0.5 d) 0.6
10. What is the value of 0.75 in fraction? 10.____
1 3
a) b)
4 4
1 d) 2/3
c)
2
16. Mr. Llagas has a class with 20 students. He is buying pizza for his class. He will
have a total of 30 slices of pizza because each large pizza has 10 slices and he
ordered 3. How many will each student get in a fraction form? Explain. (10 points).
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Use the conversion to deal in real life problems/situations.
AREA OF COMPETENCY: CRITICAL THINKING
REFERENCES
_________________________________________________________________
https://www.mathsisfun.com/fractions
Here are the table of commonly used values shown in percent, decimal, and fraction form:
PERCENT DECIMAL FRACTION
1% 0.01 1/100
5% 0.05 1/20
10% 0.1 1/10
12 ½% 0.125 1/8
20% 0.2 1/5
25% 0.25 ¼
1 0.333… 1/3
33 %
3
50% 0.5 ½
75% 0.75 ¾
80% 0.8 4/5
90% 0.9 9/10
100% 1 1
125% 1.25 5/4
150% 1.5 3/2
CONVERSIONS
Ans. ___________
Ans. __________
1 2 1
1. In Tom’s garden, of the garden is used for potatoes, are used for beans, and is
5 15 3
used for strawberries. How much of the garden is left to grow other plants?
3
2. A. Jim gave his DVDs away to 3 of his friends. Archie received of them, and Bert
7
2
received of them. Charlie received the rest. What fraction of the games did Charlie
9
receive?
B. How many games could Jim have had altogether?
C. Is this the only number Jim could have had?
1 1
3. Farmer Joe has 14 acres to sell to property developers. “Build more homes” buy 6
2 4
3
acres and “Bricks R Us” buy 4 acres. How much land does Farmer Joe have left to sell?
5
3 3 1
4. Bob ate of ham and pineapple pizza, of pepperoni, and of four cheese pizza. How
5 8 4
much pizza in total is left over?
1 2
5. Julie spends 2 hours on her homework each night Monday to Friday. Derrick spends 1
3 3
hours on his homework every night of the week. Who spends longer on their homework?
3
6. A machine takes 2 minutes to make a microchip. How long will it take to produce 20
5
microchips?
2 1
7. Calculate the area of a rectangle of length 4 cm and width 2 cm.
5 4
1 1
8. A different rectangle has an area of 25 cm2. If the width is 4 cm, calculate the length.
2 2
2 1
9. A box is 6 cm long, 4 cm wide, and 2 cm high. Calculate the volume of the box.
3 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Use ratio and proportion to deal in real life scenarios.
AREA OF COMPETENCY: CRITICAL THINKING
REFERENCES
_________________________________________________________________
https://www.mathsisfun.com/fratios
https://www.mathsisfun.com/proportions
Here the ratio is also 3 blue squares to 1 yellow square, even though
there are more squares.
Using Ratios
The trick with ratios is to always multiply or divide the numbers by the same value.
Example:
4 : 5 is the same as 4 x 2 : 5 x 2 = 8: 10
Proportions
Proportion says that two ratios (or fractions) are equal.
Example:
And we get
( 42 x 10 )
?=
20
420
?=
20
?=21, so you should draw the head 21 long.
Ans. _____
Ans. _____
2. I the given diagram, what is the
ratio of green balls to red balls?
7. What is the ratio of yellow triangles
to all triangles?
Ans. _____
Ans. _____
3. A class of 32 students has 12
girls. What is the ratio of girls to 8. The ratio of black cars to colored
boys? cars in the car park is 3:7. What
Ans. _____ fraction of the cars in the car park
are black?
4. Jim can run a mile in 5 minutes Ans. _____
and 50 seconds. John can run a
mile in 6 minutes and 40 9. A coin is tossed several times
and the ratio of heads to tails is
seconds. What is the ratio of
24 : 26. What fraction of the
Jim’s time to John’s time? tosses are tails?
Ans. _____ Ans. _____
JOBSHEET NO. 3
Name:________________________________ Date:_____________
Track/Strand:__________________________ Score:____________
_____1. The ratio of boys to girls in a class room is 7 to 11. If there are a total of 49
boys in the classroom, then how many boys and girls are there altogether?
_____3. The ratio of coins to notes in a bag is 3 to 8. If there are total of 24 coins,
then how many notes are there?
_____4. The ratio of black bags to blue bags is 5 to 3. If there are a total of 10 black
bags, then how many blue bags are there?
_____5. The ratio of trucks to cars is 7 to 8. If there are a total of 21 trucks, how
many cars are there?
_____6. Preston drove to his new college and then back home. Round trip he
traveled 212 miles. Preston drives a Honda Civic and gets 35 miles for every gallon
of gas. If Preston needs to make 12 round trips a year how much will it cost him in
gas? Assuming the price of gas stays at P.36.00 a gallon.
_____7. Oscar loves cheese burgers. He enters a 24 hour cheese burger eating
contest. During the contest Oscar eats a cheese burger every 15 minutes. How
many cheese burgers will he eat during the entire contest?
_____9. Mark leads the baseball league with a batting average of .420. He struck out
1 time for every 5 hits he got. If went to bat 500 times. How many times did he strike
out?
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Use ratio and proportion to deal in real life scenarios.
AREA OF COMPETENCY: CRITICAL THINKING
REFERENCES
_________________________________________________________________
https://www.mathsisfun.com/fratios
https://www.mathsisfun.com/proportions
By property 1:
(a)(4)=(12)(3)
4a=36
a= 36/4
a=9
Example 3. 8/10=4/5 is a proportion. Property2 says that if you were to switch the 8
and 5 or switch the 4 and 10, then the new statement is still a proportion.
If 8/10=4/5, then 5/10=4/8, or if 8/10=4/5, then 8/4=10/5.
5/8=x/y
Apply property 4. (5+8)/8=(x+y)/y
13/8=(x+y)/y
Name:__________________________________ Date:___________
Track/Strand:____________________________ Score:_____/25
Answer the following. Show your complete Solution. (5 points each)
1 6
4. Find x . =
x 60
18 108
5. Find x, =
x 150
1. Aiden found 6 pieces of milk chocolate in two boxes of assorted chocolate. How
many pieces of milk chocolate would he probably find in 12 boxes of assorted
chocolate?
2. A bookstore sold 16 books in 5 days. At this rate of sales, how many days will it take
the store to sell 96 books?
3. Steve washed 15 cars in 3 hours. How many cars can he wash in 7 hours?
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Use mark on mark up and mark down on selling.
AREA OF COMPETENCY: CRITICAL THINKING
REFERENCES
_________________________________________________________________
http://michelleraedelgado.blogspot.com/2015/12/markupmarkdown-and-markon.html
1. If a wallet sells for Php30 and has a markup of Php18, what is the cost of the
item?
Find: Cost
Solution: Selling Price – markup = cost
x = P30 – P18
x= P12
Answer: Cost of wallet is Php12.
2. What is the selling price for a cassette that costs the retailer Php10.00 and is
marked up 70% based on cost?
Find: Selling Price
Solution: Rate of selling Price = rate of cost + rate of markup
Selling price = Rate of selling price x cost
x= 0.7 xP10.00
x= 7+10
Answer: Selling price is Php17.00
3. A computer software retailer used a markup rate of 40%. Find the selling price
of a computer game that cost the retailer Php250.00
Solution:
markup= (percentage)(cost)
markup= (0.40)(250)
5. A Gibson guitar is marked down by 20%; the sale price is Php 28, 000.00.
What is the original price?
Solution: let x = original price
x – 0.20x = 28000
1x – 0.20x = 28000
0.8x = 28000
x = 28000/0.80
= 35000
Answer: Php 35000.00 is the original price
6. An item from XMax that regularly sells for Php 3000 per piece and sells it for
Php 8100 for 3 items. What is the discount rate from the original total cost?
Solution:
3000 x 3 = 9000 (original total cost)
9000 – 8100 (discounted total cost) = 900
let x = percentage
900 = (x)(9000)
x= 900/9000 = 0.10
Answer: 10% is the mark down rate.
2. A collectible item that originally priced at Php 18,500 was sold for Php 12,000 due to
damage. Find the markdown rate.
3. You want to sell your old phone that is worth Php 16,000. Your cousin wants to buy it
for only Php 10,000. How much is the marked down.
4. The shop's overall sales for 2014 was Php 2,500,000 and flunk by 15% this year.
What is the overall sales for this year?
5. You want to sell your apartment that cost 1 million pesos. You added a markup rate
of 27%. How much is the total cost of the apartment?
1. Jenna bought a car in Toyota Company that cost 2 million pesos. The
company gave her a voucher that she can use to save a 13% of the total cost.
After a year, she sell it to Luis with 5% markup rate from its cost. How much
Luis paid to Jenna?
2. You want to sell your lot property in Tagaytay that cost 1.2 million pesos. Your
friend told you that your property’s cost will increase eventually increase as
much as 12% every year. How much is your lot if you are going to sell it after
5 years?
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Use mark on mark up and mark down on buying
AREA OF COMPETENCY: CRITICAL THINKING
REFERENCES
_________________________________________________________________
http://michelleraedelgado.blogspot.com/2015/12/markupmarkdown-and-markon.html
Example
1. You bought a wallet with a price of Php 120 with a discount of 10%. How
much you will buy the wallet?
Solution:
Discount = Original price x discount rate
Discount = (120)(10%)
Discount = (120)(0.10)
Discount= 12
Selling Price = Original Price – discount
Selling Price = 120 – 12
Selling Price = Php 108
2. A golf store pays its wholesaler PHP40 for a certain club, and then sells it to a
golfer for PHP75. What is the markup rate?
Solution:
Cost Price = Php 40
Selling Price= Php 75
Markup Value= 75 – 40 = 35
Mark up rate= (35/40) x (100%) = 87.5%
Answer: 87.5% is the markup rate.
4. A product is bought for Php 425. After a week the same product is marked
down to 318.75. How much is the marked down rate?
Solution:
Regular price = 425
marked down price = 318.75
Marked down value = 425-318.75 = 106.25
Marked down rate = (106.25/425) x 100%
Marked down rate = 25%
5. You want to buy a new rice cooker that cost Php 1200. You used your
advantage card and got 5.5% discount. How much did you save?
Solution:
Original price: 1200
Marked down rate : 2.5% = 0.055
Buying price = 1200 – 5.5%
100%-5-5% = 94.5%
(1200)x(0.945)=1,134
1200-1134= 66
Mark down = Php 66 (total discount)
1. A product is originally priced at Php550 is marked 25% off. What is the sale
price?
2. A product is marked down 15%; the sale price is Php127.46. What was the
original price?
3. A sells to B an item at 15% profit. B sells the same item to C at 20% profit. If C
pays Php1656 for it. What is the price at which A bought the item?
4. If good are purchased for Php 1500 and one fifth of them sold at a loss of 15%.
Then at what mark up rate should the rest be sold to obtain a overall mark up rate
of 15%?
5. A person wants to get 20% mark up rate after selling his object at 20% discount.
Find the required percentage increase in marked price.
6. The selling price of 10 articles is the cost price of 15 articles. Find profit or loss
percentage.
7. On selling 20 units of an item, the profit is equal to cost price of 5 units. Find the
mark mark up rate.
8. Difference between the cost price of two products is Php10. Difference between
the selling price is Php20. If one is sold at 20% profit and other one is sold at
20% loss, find the cost price of each product.
9. A golf store pays its wholesaler Php400 for a certain club, and then sells it to a
golfer for Php750. What is the markup rate?
10. By selling 20 articles, a trader gained the selling price of 5 articles. Find the mark
up rate.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Use mark on mark up and mark down on buying
AREA OF COMPETENCY: CRITICAL THINKING
REFERENCES
_________________________________________________________________
http://michelleraedelgado.blogspot.com/2015/12/markupmarkdown-and-markon.html
Just like a weather forecast, your team should view your sales forecast as a
plan to work from, not a firm prediction.
2. Using historical data. With this method, you use a record of your past
performance under similar conditions to estimate how you’ll perform in the
present. For example, you may know that your business typically grows at
15% year over year and that you closed Php100k of new business this month
last year. That would lead you to forecast Php115,000 of revenue this month.
This method is slightly more accurate but ignores other factors that
may have changed in the last year, like the number of sales reps you have, or
how your competitors are doing.
Example.
Let’s say that last month, you had Php150,000 of monthly recurring revenue
and that for the last 12 months, sales revenue has grown 12% each month.
Over the same period, your monthly churn has been about 1% each month.
Your forecasted revenue for next month would be Php166,500.
You multiply last month’s revenue by your expected growth, and
subtract your expected churn:
(Php150,000 * 1.12) – (Php150,000 * .01) = Php166,500
4. Using a custom forecast model with lead scoring and multiple variables
- This forecasting method relies on a combination of all of the above. Usually,
you’d need an analytics tool or advanced CRM reports set up to help create
these forecasts.
If you have those resources, this method of sales forecasting can be
most accurate. Also, you can take into account the age of an opportunity, its
current stage in the sales process, the characteristics of the prospect that
make them more likely to purchase, and more.
Example.
You’ve really done your research, and have lead scoring set up in your
CRM. You group your leads into three groups of varying quality: A, B, and C.
These determine how likely an opportunity is to close.
You also know that companies with less than 50 employees close at a
slightly lower rate, and companies larger than 50 employees are more likely to
close.
You could then use average opportunity sizes to calculate the
forecasted value of any given opportunity, using a table like this:
Expected value per opportunity created
Lead Score Close rate Close rate (average sales Price = Php 4000)
Company size: Company size: 51-
0-50 51-100 0-50 members 100 employees
A 25% 50% Php1,000 Php2,000
B 12.50% 25% Php500 Php1,000
C 2.50% 3.80% Php100 Php150
Name:__________________________________ Date:___________
Track/Strand:____________________________ Score:_____/50
Direction: Analyze the sales of the different brand of smart phones. Choose at
least one quarter to present the sales of smart phones. You may use any graphical
representation (ex. pie chart, line graph, or bar graph, etc.) to make a comparison
between the sales. Make a brief explanation.
GLOBAL SALES OF SMART PHONE 2018-2019 (In Millions)
2018 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
41. 46. 65. 42. 36. 44. 72.
Apple 52.20 30 90 90 00 50 80 30
54. 52. 59. 59. 56. 66. 56.
Huawei 39.30 20 00 70 10 60 80 20
78. 71. 72. 69. 72. 76. 78. 70.
Samsung 20 50 30 80 00 30 20 40
28. 32. 33. 25. 27. 32. 31. 32.
Xiaomi 10 00 30 60 80 30 70 90
24. 29. 33. 31. 25. 30. 32. 31.
Oppo 20 60 90 30 70 60 30 40
18. 26. 30. 26. 23. 27. 31. 31.
Vivo 90 50 50 50 90 00 30 50
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Use Microsoft excel for making sales forecast
AREA OF COMPETENCY: CRITICAL THINKING
REFERENCES
_________________________________________________________________
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/create-a-forecast-in-excel-for-windows-22c500da-
6da7-45e5-bfdc-60a7062329fd
Sales forecasting can help you become more familiar with factors influencing
your sales process while keeping those areas top of mind as you’re executing your
sales plans. For instance, if you’re predicting a seasonal decline in sales, you can
factor this into your forecast, do research to figure out the exact key drivers, and plan
to counterbalance this. If your sales decline in the summer, you can prospect
additional customers to fill in the gap.
The type of sales forecast you create depends on the type of business you
have and what you’re looking to achieve. Many sales forecasts use a variety of
strategies to come up with the most accurate sales forecast. The most important
thing is to know what your purpose is and to use a step-by-step approach to predict
future sales. To jump-start the process, check out our sales forecasting template.
Here are the six steps on how to forecast sales for your pipeline:
As you look at your past sales, look for how your performance changes over time,
and how the probability increases as you move a deal through your sales process.
For example, to determine the next month’s sales forecast, you would select all of
the deals that are expected to close. If you wanted to know what your forecast is for
this quarter, you would include all of the deals closed so far, as well as the forecast
value of the deals expected to close during the remainder of the quarter. Regardless
of when you want to forecast sales, you have to start by defining the range of time
you want to include.
As an example, let’s say you have five active deals. For simplicity’s sake, we’ll say
they are all worth PHP1,000. Two of them are in your proposal stage and have a
probability factor of 55%, and the other three are in your negotiation stage, to which
Next, add up the other three deals, and multiply by 0.75 for a total of PHP2,250.
Notice that while the total value of your deals is actually PHP5,000 if they were all to
close, your sales forecast is PHP3,350 based on the likelihood that you won’t win
every deal. This formula can be used for any sales pipeline—you’ll just have to
calculate for each stage and then add up the totals, or use a CRM to do the math for
you.
For example copy and open this link and have your copy
(https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cUMi9GTi--
VLgJD3ATLS9Qiwb8nbCEuAqHb-n53t-T4/edit?usp=sharing)
Name:__________________________________ Date:___________
Track/Strand:____________________________ Score:_____/100
Direction: Open the link below, make your own copy. Input your answer. Have a print out
and attach here.
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1tKn7xR5Llr08uap0rlmUtmRQvxHPk1-
IUo8Y3x6SYn8/edit?usp=sharing