6 Manual1930 PDF

GREGG SHORTHAND
A LIGHT-LINE
PHONOGRAPHY
for the MILLION
By
JOHN ROBERT GREGG, S.C.D.
Anniversary Editio1z
THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY

NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON SAN FRANCISCO TORONTO LONDON SYDNEY
Copyright, 1893 , By John R . Gregg
Copyright, 1.901 , By John R. Gregg
Copyright, 1916, 1919, By The Gregg Publishing Company
Copyrigbted in the United States of America

Great Britain t~nd Ireland, Franet
German_"! , Italy and Spain
J-n-Dl.oo
PRINTED I N THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

PRE F A·c E
Anyone who examines the Shorthand textbooks of the last three cen-
turies will be impressed with the fact that they have reflected the uses to
which shorthand was put at the time the books were written.
The pedagogy of shorthand has changed as radically as the content of
the textbooks. Up to the time Gregg Shorthand was introduced, the con-
ventional pedagogy was m teach the theory of a system as a whole before
attempting to apply the theory in the actual writing of connected matter.
While the system ·would undoubtedly have made its way into public favor
by its own inherent strength, we believe that its success and progress through-
out the world have been hastened enormously by the teachability of its .
textbooks.
In keeping with the progress in business and in education, the Gregg
·Manual was revised in 1893,· I9<JI, and 1916, this latter edition being the
one used at present. Each revision marked a step forward in simplifying
and popularizing the study of shorthand. Each revision has placed increas-
ing emphasis upon the desirability of teaching shorthand as a skill subject
from the beginning and throughout the entire course. This method enables
the teacher to direct the maximum of effort toward the training of the student
in actual facility in writing and the minimum of effort to expositions of
rules and principles.
When it became known that a revision of the Manual was in preparation,
hundreds of protests were received from teachers. Many of them declared
emphatically that the 1916 edition was entirely adequate. A great many
said that they "love it" (this expression occurs again and again in their
letters) and that they "know it by heart." The sentiments expressed are
111
.
lV PREFACE
thoroughly appreciated, and all these good friends are assured that it will
still be possible to obtain the 1916 edition as long as there is any demand
for it.
In this new edition no changes have been made in the basic principlu
of the system. Long experience in the classroom, in the office, in general
and court reporting, and the results of speed contests of the National Short-
hand Reporters' Association have proved conclusively that changes in the
basic principles of Gregg Shorthand are neither necessary nor desirable.
Much has been learned in the last few years concerning the basic con-
tent of the vocabulary in common use. The scientific data now available
have made it possible to arrange the principles and practice cohtent of the
Manual so that the efforts of teacher and student may be more economically
and profitably directed, and the development of a writing vocabulary ren-
dered more rapid.
One of the first steps in planning the Anniversary Edition, therefore,
was an exhaustive analysis of the words contained in the Horn* and the
Harvardt studies of the comparative frequency of words. As one example
of what this analysis showed, it was found that the learning of the twenty
most common words· in our· language was spread through seven lessons in
the 1916 Manual. In the Anniversary Edition these twenty words are pre-
sented in the first chapter. Moreover, the matter presented in this chapter
gives the student a writing power that will enable him to write 42. per cent
of the running words in non-technical English, as well as many hundreds
of other words.
In this edition three devices have been used to hasten the building of a
useful vocabulary and to assist the teacher in using the correct method of
developing a skill subject:
*"Basic Writing Vocabulary," Ernest Horn, Ph.D., University of Iowa

Monograph in Education.
t"Harvard Studies in Education," Volume IV.
PREFACE v
1. The short words of high frequency are introduced in the first chapter
in the order of their frequency, even though this means that in a few in-
stances they are given in advance of the principles that govern their writing.
2.. Some of the principles have been developed earlier than they were
in the old text. Examples of this are: the letter s has been introduced in
the second chapter and included with the other downward characters; some
of the rules for expressing r have been introduced in the third chapter; the
frequently recurring prefixes and suffixes have been introduced in the order of
frequency.
3. Analogy, one of the most helpful of teaching devices, has been em-
ployed to a greater extent than it was in the 1916 Manual. Examples: the
. . .
useful ted-ded, men-mem blends are presented in Chapter I, after the student
has learned t, d, n, m, the letters of which the blends are composed; the ses
blend is taught along with the s in Chapter II.
Other salient features of the Anniversary Edition may be described as
follows:
r. In order that the student may be impressed at the outset with the
importance of phrase writing and have a longer period in which to acquire
the habit of joining words, many of the phrasing principles have been moved
forward to Chapters I and II.
2.. The rules have been simplified and stated more clearly, and minor
changes have been made in a few outlines for the purpose of facilitating rapid
and accurate transcription.
3. The principles are presented in twelve chapters, instead of the twenty
lessons in the 1916_ Manual. Each of these chapters has been subdivided into
three short teaching units, with a page of graded dictation material written
in shorthand at the end of each unit. This short-unit plan encourages im-
mediate practical application of the theory and simplifies the assignment of
work by the teacher.
4· The wordsigns (now· known as Brief Forms) are distributed equally
among the first six chapters, and are introduced in the order of their
frequency.
.
Vl PREFACE
5.· The quantity of reading and dictation material has been more than
doubled. The scientific distribution of the principles and the introduction
of the common words early have so greatly increased writing power that
business letters can be introduced as early as the second chapter.
6. The pedagogical value of the Manual is greatly enhanced by the use
of larger type and a bolder style of shorthand than was employed in the
1916 edition.
It was the intention of the author to have the Anniversary Edition of
the system published last year-the fortieth anniversary of the publication
of the system-but, unfortunate! y, many things contributed to delay its
appearance.
In sending forth this book he desires to express his warm appreciation
of the many suggestions received from writers, from reporters, and from
teachers who are using the system in all parts of the world. In particular,
he wishes to record his deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Rupert P. SoRelle and
to the executive, managerial, and editorial staffs of The Gregg Publishing
Company for the many valuable services they have rendered in the prepara-
tion of this edition.
JOHN ROBERT GREGG.
ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND
History. Gregg Shorthand was first published in 1888, in two little
paper-covered pamphlets, under the title, "Light-Line Phon?graphy."
Fi ve years later, a revised and greatly improved edition was published under
the title, "Gregg Shorthand." It was not until 1897, however, that the
author was able to publish the system in book form .
To the student or writer of shorthand, there are few more interesting
or inspiring stories of success than the story of the career of Gregg Short-
hand in the thirty-two years that have elapsed since its publication in book
form; but a textbook is not a place for such a story. Today, Gregg Shore-
hand is the standard system of America. It has been adopted exclusively
in the public schools of 6,519 cities and towns- more than ninety-seven
per cent of the public schools that teach shorthand. It has superseded the
older systems, in the large majority of these cases, by formal action of the
Boards of Education after careful investigation of the merit of the system.
Its leadership in all other kinds of educational institutions is equally pro-
nounced. This constitutes the highest educational indorsement a short-
hand system has ever received.
Wins World Championship Six Times. The history of Gregg Short-
hand is a record of public triumphs. In the 192.1 World's Championship
Contest of the National Shorthand Reporters' Association, Mr. Albert
Schneider* won first place, defeated three former champions, and established
two world's records . He transcribed the 2.1 5-words-a-minute literary dic-
tation with a net speed of 2.11.2. words a minute; accuracy, 98.32.o/0 . On
the 2.oo-words-a-minute dictation his accuracy percentage was 98.8o; on the
2.40-words-a-minute dictation, 98.17; on the 2.8o-words-a-minute dictation,
96.84.
In transcribing five five-minute highest speed dictations-175, 2.00, 2.15,
2.40, and 2.80 words a minute-in the time allotted for the three championship
*Mr. Schneider is now a member of the official shorthand reporting staff

of the Congres·s of the United States, winning the position in an examination
in which thirty-five well-known reporters competed .
V111 ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND
dictations , Mr. Schneider gave one of the most remarkable demonstration s

of transcribing ability in the history of the shorthand contests.
Writers of Gregg Shorthand wo n first, second, and third places in the
World·s Ghampionship Contest of the National Shorthand Reporters · Asso-
ciation in 192.3. Mr. Charles L. Swem,* winner, established a world 's
record on the 2.oo-words-a-minute dictation, making but two errors; accuracy,
99:79%. On the 2.4o-words-a-minute dictation, his accuracy was 98.49%;
on the 2.80 dictation, 99·36o/c . Second place was won by Mr. Albert Schneider,
a Gregg writer, the 192.1 champion. His average accuracy was 98. 8o%.
Third place was won by another Gregg writer, Mr. Martin J. Dupraw, with
an accuracy of 98.76%. First place in accuracy in tvuy dictation was won by a
writer of Gregg Shorthand.
In the 192.4 World 's Championship, Mr. Swem was again the victor.
Mr. Swem's accuracy on the three dictations was 99.2.3 o/0 .
In the three consecutive years , 192.5, 192.6, and 192.7, the World's Short-
hand ·Championship was won by Mr. Martin J. Dupraw, the greatest short-
hand writer the world has yet produced . By winning the championship
in 192.7, Mr. Dupraw w on permanent possession of the World 's Shorthand
Championship Trophy, first offered in 1909 by the National Shorthand Re-
porters· Association .
Highest Shorthand Speed Records. The following are the world· s
highest shorthand speed records- all held by writers of Gregg Shorthand
and made in the Championship Contests of the National Shorthand Reporters ·
Association :
2.82. Words a minute (testimony)
Charles Lee Swem . .. . .. . ..... accuracy 99·2.9o/c,
*Governor Woodrow Wilson selected Mr. Swem as his official reporter in

his campaign for the Presidency . Mr. Swem was Personal Secretary and
Official Reporter to President Wilson for eight years . Mr. Swem began the
study of Gregg Shorthand in a night school in September, 1908, when work-
ing as an office boy. He was twenty years of age when h e received the ap-
pointment at the White House. In the 192.4 examination for the position
of Supreme Court stenographer in the state of New York , Mr. Sw'em won
first place in a field of 150 candidates. Mr. Swem did not accept an appoint-
ment at the time, and took the examination in 192.8, again winning first
place. He is at present an official shorthand reporter in the Supreme Court
of New York.
.
ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND lX
1.60 ·words a minute (jury charge)

Martin J. Dupraw ... ..... . ... accuracy 99.69%
2.2.0 Words a minute (literary matter)
Martin J. Dupraw . . .......... accuracy 99.81%
( Held jointly with two others)
l.I5 Words a minute (literary matter)
AI bert Schneider ... ...... ... .. accuracy 98.3 2.%
1.00 Words a minute (literary matter)
Charles Lee Swem . ..... .. ... accuracy 99.o%
(Tied with one other)
Average accuracy . . ....... . .......... 99.2.9%
Gregg Shorthand is the only system that has produced three different
writers to win the World Championship in the contests of the National
Shorthand Reporters' Association. The contests were discontinued in 192.7,
and Mr. Dupraw was given permanent possession of the World's Champion-
ship Trophy.
Wins New York State Shorthand Championship. In the contest of the
Nevv York State Shorthand Reporters' Association , 191.4, Mr. Martin J.
Dupraw won first place with an accuracy . record of 99·5%; Mr. Nathan ·
Behrin, Supreme Court reporter, New York City, second; and Mr. Harvey
Forbes, Supreme Court reporter, Buffalo, New York, third . By winning
the New York State Shorthand Championship again in 192.5, and also in 191.6,
Mr. Dupraw gained permanent possession of the Bottome Cup, the State
championship trophy.
Awarded Medal of Honor at Panama- Pacific Exposition. · At the
Panama-Pacific International Exposition, in 1915, Gregg Shorthand was
awarded the M edal of Honor, the highest award ever granted a system of
shorthand by any exposition, and the only award ever granted that was
based on the results accomplished by students in a model school conducted
under the observation of the International Jury of Awards. Gregg Short-
hand also received the highest award, the Medal of Honor, at the Sesqui-
CencenniaJ Exposition at Philadelphia, in 191.6. Th~ thirteenth International
Shorthand Congress, held in Bruxelles, Belgium, in 191.7, awarded a Gr11nd
Prix to The ·Gregg Publishing Company, and elected the author of Gregg
Shorthand as Vice President of the Congress representing the United Sta.tes.
X ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND
Principles of the System. Needless tO say, Gregg Shorthand is a radical

departure from the old lines of shorthand construction, for it is only by a
radical departure that such marked superiority in results can be accomplished.
The following is a synopsis of the leading features of the system:
1. No compulsory thickening- may be written either light or 1
heavy.
'2.. Written on the slope of longhand, thus securing a uniform
manual movement . As in
3. Position-writing abolished- rna y be writ ten on unruled paper, r ord!~ary
1
and in one straight line. I wnung
4· Vowels and consonants are joined, and follow each other in J
their natural order.
5. Angles are rare- curves predominate.
This brief synopsis will suffice to show that the aim of the author has
been to adhere tO those natural principles that govern ordinary writing.
By a practical combination of these elements as a foundation, the system
secures to the writer, with very little practice, that perfect command of the
characters that is productive of the best results, and is obtained only by years
of persistent, painstaking practice with the older systems.
TO SUM UP
Easy to Learn. Gregg Shorthand may be learned in from one-third
to one-half the time required by the old systems. The records made by its
writers prove this beyond all question .
Easy to Read. Gregg Shorthand is the most legible shorthand in exist-
ence. In the public shorthand speed contests, writers of the ·system have
established the highest official world'.r records for accurac_y of transcripts on diffi-
cult matter. These records were made in competition with experienced
reporters who used the older systems, and in contests conducted by reporters
and teachers who wrote such systems. Manifestly, the insertion of the
vowels, the absence of shading, the elimination of position-writing, and the
elimination of the minute distinctions of form, all contribute to legibility.
Easy to Write. The easy, natural appearance of the writing in Gregg
Shorthand appeals to every impartial investigator. The absence of dis·
tinctions between light and heavy characters, the continuous run ·of . the
writing along one line, as in lon.g hand, instead of constant changes of posi-
.
ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND Xl
cion-now on the line, then ahove the line, and then , perhaps, through or htlow
the line-will be noticed at first glance. Next, the investigator will prob-
ably attribute much of the natural, pleasing appearance of the writing to
chat uniform slant of the writing with which both hand and eye are familiar.
Only those who have had previous experience with shorthand, however,
v.-ill be able to appreciate fully how much elimination of numerous dots and
dashes-minute marks chat have to be placed with great precision alongside
che strokes-contributes co fluent writing.
Superior in Speed Possibilities. As has already been sec forth in greater
detail, writers of Gregg Shorthand have demonstrated in public speed con-
tests, under the most trying conditions, that the system has greater speed
possibilities chan any ocher system. .
Adapted to Other Languages. The simple and logical \VTiting basis
of Gregg Shorthand enables a writer of it to use it in any language with
which he is familiar. Special adaptations of the system have been published
for Spanish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Gaelic, and
Esperanto. Adaptations to other languages are in preparation. The Span-
ish adaptation of the system is used in more than 300 schools in Spanish-
speaking countries, and there is a quarterly magazine devoted co it.
A TALK WITH THE BEGINNER
Success in any study depends largely upon the interest taken in
that particular subject by the student. This being the case, we
earnestly hope that you will realize at the very outset that shorthand
can be made an intensely fascinating study. Cultivate a love for it.
Think of it as the highest form of writing, which is itself the greatest
invention of man. Be proud that you can record the language in
graceful lines and curves. Aim constantly to acquire artistic skill in
executing those lines and curves. You can, if you will, make the
study of shorthand a perfect joy instead of a task. Skill in the use
of shorthand is a possession that has been coveted by the wisest of
men and women, for it is not only a practical instrument in com-
mercial work, but a much-prized and valuable accomplishment and
a means of mental culture.
Be Thorough. Skill in anything is attained by repetition with
interest; therefore do not shirk the careful, painstaking practice on
the elementary forms given in the Manual. Write each outline
many times, and aim always at the attainment of fluency and exact-
ness in execution.
Your future success depends to a very large extent on the way
you do your work now. In order that your progress may be sure
and rapid, master each lesson before you proceed with the next.
In your practice, write as rapidly as you can while keeping the
hand under complete control; aim at accuracy rather than speed, but
do not draw the characters. You must understand at the outset that
shorthand must be written,· but you must also impress upon your
mind that whatever you write you must read, hence the necessity for
good penmanship. As skill in executing the movementsis obtained,
the speed may be increased until the forms can be written accurately
at a high rate of speed. Some _attention should be given to acquiring
a capacity for writing individual outlines rapidly without hesitation,
and with a free movement of the hand .
..
Xll
A TALK WITH THE BEGINNER xut
Aim to acquire a smooth style of writing; execute each character

with an easy, continuous motion of the pen, and pass directly to the
next without unnecessary movements. A halting, jerky movement
is fatal to speed, and may be almost always traced to indecision,
caused by unfamiliarity with the forms. At first carefully analyze
the words. To do this it is, of course, necessary for you to think of
them in detail; but after you have determined the correct outline,
practice it and think of it as a whole.
Facility in the practical use of shorthand depends largely upon the
stock of outlines you have at your ready command. Note the use of
. that word "ready." This means that you should master all the forms
given in the Manual by writing them many times. This will not
only impress the forms on your mind, s~ that you will not have any
hesitation in recalling them, but will give you facility in writing
them. In shorthand it is not sufficient to know how to write a
word-you must not only know the form but be able to write it
quickly. Hence the necessity for much repetition practice in writing
the forms.
Most of this repetition practice should be on the forms as they
occur naturally in connected matter. The repetition of isolated forms
for more than five times consecutively is not in accord with modern
pedagogy. Scientifically graded connected matter has supplanted the
isolated form.
If, in addition to the words given in the Manual, you can add to
your stock of outlines other words written under the same principles,
you will have gained a great deal-will have laid a broader founda-
tion for advanced work which will lessen the time required to
attain efficiency.
Devote Much Time to Reading Well-Written Shorthand. By read-
ing a great deal of well-written shorthand you will become not only
a fluent reader, but you will enlarge your writing vocabulary. Un-
consciously you will imitate in your own work the easy execution
xiv A TALK WITH THE BEGINNER
of the forms shown in the printed plates. All expert writers have
devoted much time to reading shorthand.
In addition to the work outlined in this Manual, we strongly
recommend the use of the supplementary dictation material given
in "Gregg Speed Studies," and the exercises presented each month in
the Learner's Department of The Gregg Writer. These exercises may
be used with great advantage from the very first lesson. Each
number of The Gregg Writer contains many helpful suggestions and
a number of shorthand pages that afford valuable exercises in reading
and writing for students at all stages of advancement.
Gregg Shorthand received the highest award at the
Panama- Paciftc International Exposition, and at
the Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition.
THE SESQUI·CENT£NNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION

PHILADELPHIA - PENNSYLVAN IA
J VHE t•r • DECE}ofBER l''"l9 ~6
CELEBRATING ONE HUNDRto AND FIFTY Y EARS Of AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
T H t .JURY Or AWA~D-3 l1A..S CO}IIfKRR£D A ·
M••AL OP MO•o•
~
da-t= ;rt..~:t.Mi.-:L
... 1' c-'~.--
-·,-r
CU...._£_,~
· --- !1.-U.._._~~Ae-~ ...;Ae ~ ~--

~
THE ALPHABET OF GREGG SHORTHAND
CONSONANTS
Written forward:
K G R L N M T D TH
___... ~ "---- ~......__--.---
- / ~ r- or.,-~
Written downward:
p B F v CH J s SH
{ ( /
H
/ I
NG
INK r or ./ /
• "'-...
~
VOWELS
.... ...... ...... ....
a u
0
-
1 0 n
.. .....
0
"'
a 0• e 0
0
aw v
•
00 /}
•
- ,
a- 0 e 0 0 (/
/
00
I I I
DIPHTHONGS
Composed Composed
of of
-
u -- as tn untt If"
e-oo
. .
Ot aw-e as in oil cJ
ow a-oo as in owl 0' t a-e as in isle CJ
BLENDED CONSONANTS
The consonants are so arranged that two strokes

joining with an obtuse or blunt angle may assume the
form of a large curve, thus:
ten, den r- ent, end _/ def-v, tive r/

tern, dem ~ emt, emd ___/ jent-d, pent--d U
CHAPTER I
UNIT 1
Shorthand is written.by sound; thus aim is written
1.
am (long sound of a), cat is written kat, knee is written ne.
CONSONANTS
2. The consonants are arranged in pairs, according to

their affinity of sound, and are distinguished by a differ-
ence in length.
The characters for the consonants in this les-
son are derived from an elliptical figure, thus: c:Z:9
Laters Signs Words Letters Signs Words
K ~ can T / 1t, at
G ~ go, good D / would
R are, our, hour H • a, an
L ~ will, well Th~ r-

J
the
there, their
.
N to, not 0 I
M am, more 0 he
3. All these consonants are written forward from left to right ; th and t
~nd dare struck upwards from the line of writing. The g given in this lesson
~s called gay, being the hard sound as in game, get, and not the soft sound heard
In gem, magic . The aspirate h is indicated by a dot placed over the vowel.
Many frequently recurring words are represented by simple alphabetic char·
I
2 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I
-acters. Some of these signs represent two and even three words; for example,
the sign for r represents are, our, hour. A dot on the line of writing represents
the articles a, an. A dot at the end of a word expresses ing. The pronoun
I is expressed by a large circle; he, by a small circle.
The student should practice all these characters until he can write them
without the slightest hesitation. The size of the characters given in this
manual will be a safe standard to adopt.
4. Phrasing. The joining of simple words is a great

help to accuracy and speed in writing shorthand, and
its acquirement should not be deferred until the habit of
writing common words separately has been formed.
I will Q____.... he can p-- it will ~ in the _ r
5. Punctuation, etc. In shorthand the following

marks are used:
. .
period paragraph 1nterrogauon dash hyphen parenthesis
> X
= f)
Capitals and proper names are indicated by two short
dashes beneath the word.
6. SEN T EN CE D R I LL
oX
J, 0 - J ¥
Unit 1] GREGG SHORTHAND 3
VOWELS
7. In shorthand there are twelve distinct vowel

sounds, which are arranged in four groups, and three
closely related sounds are placed in each group: In this
Jesson we have the first two groups, which for con-
venience are named the A group and theE group.
Memory aid: 0 0 ~ 0
THE A GROUP
..
a a-
~
a
0 0. 0 I .
as tn as zn as tn
mat calm came

0 ~
•
rcr--
/
mat k am
'
k am
THE E GROUP
e e-
~
I
0
as m
.
as zn
0
as
0
I .
tn
kit get ne~

-Y .-----;r
• /
kIt get ned
. NoTE:· The first sound in the E group of vowels is the short i, heard in
d~n, and should not be confused with long i, heard in dine, which will be
gtven later. ·
8. Marking Vowels. The vowels are grouped accord-

ing to similarity in sound. The large circle expresses
three sounds of a. The short sound is unmarked, the
medium sound is marked with a dot, and the long sound
with a short dash, as shown on page 3. This system
of marking is used in all vowel groups uniformly.
The dot and dash are occasionally needed to indicate
the exact sounds in unfamiliar or isolated words, but
otherwise they are seldom used.
PICTURING WRITING MOTION
9. Frequently we shall have to refer to writing

motion. The curved characters in this lesson are taken
from horizontal ovals, one written with right motion,
the other with left.
Right motion: Left motion:
10. Characters taken from the left-motion oval . are

called left-motion, because. the rotation is from left to
right; characters taken from the right-motion oval are
· called right-motion for a like reason; thus:
K-Gttre ~ R-L are . , ...

~ --- - .....
right-motio11 .rtrokes
•'
...
left-motion strokes ~~
The terms "left motion" and "right motion" refer to

the rotation in movement, and not to the direction.·
HOW CIRCLES ARE JOINED
The following movement drills are intended to de-

velop skill in the joining of circles.
11. Circles Joined to Single Strokes. At the begin-
ning or end .of a single curve, the circle is placed inside
the curve:
eke c)' ear /

Q__...-- array QO
I
I
egg ~ ill atry Q_p

I
.
ache c:/' atr a__.,. alley ~
I I
ail a____;-- hack

.
key ,..-a
/ 0'
I
.
gay -------a /
ray L-1? hag ~
12. At the beginning or end of a single straight

stroke, the circle is written with right motion:
atm tea ham

.
CJ
/
0 0
ate 0
/
day ~ heat
/
'/
add / may
/
0 head /.
eat
/
/ me
/
p heed /
/
hid / eddy / hate (;j
I
6 GREGG SHORTH.AND [Chap. I
13. READING AND DICTA T I 0 N PRACTICE
•
•
• -~c:> X
0 <l.---"
. /
c:> /
0
J - ..
<J_____-/.J. ~
.____.... .J
0 0'- '
~ 0
. ~
~ . _f <L.--- ~
/ ...,. Q.__P
~
- D
4"
'
Q____{/
~
/ r /, cr-' ~ _,;' ..
I
~
'
0 ~ J L---"" '
~ CJ
/ G>
/ -X •
G.___--- ~
~'
<...-.-' '
(""" /f ~ ~ J
'---"'"' '
UNIT 2
14. Circles Between Strokes. Where an angle, or a
point, is form~d at the junction of consonants, the
circle goes outs1de the angle:
.
kick make c?' ra1n J?-
I
.
cake ~
met 6 nm l_-)2----
get ~ maid ~ I
tale ~
.
gate ~ team ;;- ra1ny ~
I
I
calm rq- rear ~

/
dream ~
15. Where straight strokes and curves join without
an angle, or where two similar-motion .curves join
without an angle, the circle is .placed inside the curve:
.wnt ~ raid ~ dig ~

rid / ticket ~ tag ~
red ~ tack A)' taken ~

I
read / I
take ~
I
rattle ~
rate ~ deck / riddle ~·
16. Some ~owels are so obscure or neutral that they are omitted when they
do not contnbute to speed or legibility. For example, the t in the words
8 GREGG SHORTHAND . [Chap. I
tttken and maker is absolutely useless , and is omitted.

Any vowel which does
not contribute to the legibility of an outline may be omitted if its omission
gives a more facile outline.
17. Between straight strokes in the same direction

the circle·is written with right motion:
.
deed dad mean matn
/ / I I
c::>
18.· Between opposite curves the circle is turned

back on the first curve:
wreck rag lake · kill
CONSONANT COMBINATIONS
19. Kr and Gl Combinations. K and r, and g and l,

are equal curves and are made. a little flatter than usual
when joined. thus:
cream ~
kr
---
eagle ~
gl
glen ~
I I
crane ,-0-
I
glee ________.P
I
glare ~
I
creed ___/ /
glean ~
I
acre o---
I
crate -----tY
I
gleam - .J::>
I
maker ---z::;r-
/
20. Gr and Kl Combinations. Where curves of un-

equal length join without an angle, as in the following,
note how a distinction in length is positively shown.
The movement in writing gr is similar to that in writ-
ing y in longhand; kl to that in w~iting h, thus:
I I
J'"
~---
,/
= gr "'/
/~ =kl
-'/
I, '
gray ~ green ~ eager ~

/ I I
. ~ greet ~ clay ~
grato I I I
.
greed ~I
grtm ~ clan ~
21. Rk and Lk Combinations. Since rand k are of

equal length, the curves are somewhat flatter, as with
kr and gl. Lk is very infrequent. .
ark dark mark milk

~ ~ .
Q_, _..e___-..._
. 22. The Signs for Th. The sign for t is curved to

express th, thus: ·r or J
tick thick hat hath

~ ~ (J 0
rat wrath met myth
<._.fY JY 6"' ____,r-
BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS
23. A · comparatively small number of frequently

recurring words make up a large part of the English
language. As an illustration, ten words- the, of, and,
to, a, in, that, it, is, I- form one-fourth of the entire
written and spoken language.
The forms for these frequent words are based on a very common method of
abbreviation in longhand writing. For example, amt. is written for amount;
Rev. for Reverend; gym. for gymnasium; ans. for answer; math. for mathematics,
· and so on. By taking advantage of this method of abbreviation, brief and
easily remembered shorthand forms are obtained for the most common wo~ds
in the language.
of and, end J them r

(o) ( nd) (thm)
'that to, too, two / is, his .J
(tha)
was r
(too)
be, by, but ( (s)
great ~
(os) (b) (gr)
they* rc you, your with 6
(the) (oo) (ith)
this (} than, then without /
(ths) (thn) (itht)
*In some phrases they is written the same as the, as in they will.
NoTE : Refer to alphabet facing page 1 for explanation of characters.
24. BU SI N ESS A BB R EV I AT I 0 N S
Mt., market Yours truly, Dear Sir:, desire

~ /
Unit 2] GREGG SHORTHAND II
•
~
~ ~' /t" • ~ ~·
~ ( ,________,- a___- ~ ~~
,~;~ Q__/ ~(
~ _r-~~'-.o_/0~
---tf"'/7/J/~ //,
/o
/ ~~ / cf'• rx /
/ CJ ~//a/'~
!2 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I
UNIT 3
BLENDED CONSONANTS
26. By blending d and t into one long stroke the

syllables ted, ded, det are expressed: ·
added / rated /today /

hated / needed / treated /
NoTE : The combination da usually occurs at the beginning of words, as
in dtttct, dttach, while ttd or dtd usually occurs at the end of a word.
27. By blending m and n into one long stroke the

syllables men, mem are expressed. In addition to men,
'!~em ~his blend _represents similar sounds, such as min
tn mtnute, mun tn money:
. .
men mtmtc
many memory
.
month rematn ~
money emanate C7 6
meant mental
mend mineral
.
mtnute 6 mtntmum
28. FREQUENT-WORD DRILL
eight at /
6 man man v
had had / make m ak c?'

I
him hIm 0 ttn tIn r-

add ad / tan tan 9-
aid ad
I
/ cat kat ~
tea t e 0 kid kid r-/

day da / get get ,-----;(
.
me me take tak ~
/ /
may rna u came kam ~·

/ /
net net --/ her her Q..__..;
ned ~ here her

.
need / I
<2..----
.
met met / a1r ar
I
a_..,
meet met
/
/ head hed /.
made .. mad -/ /
read red ~
mean men ----rr-
/
ready red I ~
led 1 ed ~ cream krem ~

/
rate rat ~ clean klen

/ ~
late 1 at ~ milk milk~
laid 1 ad ~ lack 1a k
mill m i 1~ leg 1e g ~ .
tree tre ~ attack at a k ~
.
tratn t ran ~ headache h ed ak ~
29. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS
did, date / when c:r- tnto _/
other any --o cotne , ......-....-
all c could ~ like ~
were ·what little ~
where, truth r--- those

aware
my D
.
ttme ( country
NoTE: W is omitted in the word were, and ·wh in where, when, what; other
is expressed by mh-see alphabet; all, by aw placed on its side; time, by the
tem blend; into, by blending in and to. For convenience, the long i in my is
expr.essed by a large circle.
Unit 3] GREGG SHORTHAND
GENERAL PHRASING PRINCIPLES
30. The following suggestio~s ~ill be hel pf~ to an

understanding of the general pnnctples of phras1ng:
I.
Short and common words only should be joined, as of the, in the, etc.
l..
The words should make good sense if standing alone, as it will be.
. Pronouns generally are joined to the words they precede, as I can,

3
you li re , you can ' I would.
. A qualifying word is usually joined to the word it qualifies, as good
4
man.
. The words to, of, in, with, and generally are joined to the word follow-
5
ing, as to the, of which, in that, with that, and will.
6. Words that do not make an easily written, distinctive joining should

not be phrased.
31. Phrase Drill. The simpie phrases given in the

drill below are of very high frequency and will ser.ve as
models for other phrases:
of the and the / will be

(
to the that the r6 of you tn
1t lS by the ? .
tt was
lam 0 you can he was
to you at the is the r
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I
32. R E A D I N G A N 0 D I C T AT I 0 N P RACT I CE
LY:z.__-- <2._- 0
~~~ 'l .-:-
/'. ~~~--/-
/ ~' 0 Q_, ~
. ~- ~-, ~ ~ ~
( ,,
( / " '] _ / 0 c.._____....- / '- L---- a {.______---• ><' /
/(~
/ 0.-y--
r~~
*Before a downstroke, to is expressed by t.

33. WRITING PRACTICE
1. You will need a keen memory when you go to the

market today.
2.. When you take the grain to the mill you can get
your money.
. Many of our men will go to the train in the rain to
3
greet the team.
4. I am not any more eager to be in debt to you than
you ar~.
5. I am ready to go the limit in getting you the
money you need. ·
6. He had a great desire to read, but he had little time
and his reading was limited. .
7· I am not willing to go by train, but you can make
me a minimum rate by air and rail.
8. The data you need will be ready by the middle
of the month.
·9· The mill was then making a good P.letal tag at the
rate of eighty a minute.
10. In his dream he was being attacked in the dark by
an enemy.
Dear Sir: I am eager to eliminate without any more

delay the error made in the minimum grain rate to Erie.
I can meet you at Erie any day you desire. ~f y time is
limited and I cannot be there more than a day. It
''yould be. 'veil to get all the data in (hand ~ by the time
you are ready to go. -I 'vill meet you any day you can
be there. Yours truly,
CHAPTER II
UNIT 4
THE DOWNWARD CHARACTERS
34. The characters for the consonants in this

chapter are derived from another elliptical figure:
Letters p B F v CH J SH s
Signs
( ( ) ) I I I ( or /
be
Words put by for have which shall lS
but change ship his
Left motion: PBS Right motion: FVS

(fr / )/
35. All these characters are written downward. Ch is named chay, and
sh is named ish. The signs for sh and s are very small. Ass is one of the most
frequent sounds in the language, two signs are provided for it to facilitate
joining in various combinations. The following memory aids will be useful:
CONSONANT COMBINATIONS
36. Many of the consonants follow each other con-

secutively; for example, rand l frequently follow p, b,
as in play, brave. As skill in writing such combinations
is essential to speed and accuracy, the following move-
ment drills should be practiced until fluency is secured.
37. Pr and Pl. In writing pr and pl, start to the left:
pr c pl C___-
~
pray Co play Co pledge
Ccv plate c___cy

~
prayer wrapper
.
6-- C___p
pnm plea pepper
t
preach y plead c__/ apple c___,
38. Brand Bl. In writing brand bl, start down, thus:
br { bl c
brain & breach blame La-
braid v bridge bled v
braided ~ brief ·~ blade 6Y
brim c_ brave y blare &
20 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. II
39. Fr and Fl. In writing the combinations fr and

ft, the angle is rounded to give fluency. The motion is
just the same as in writing a part ·of the longhand y:
~
fl =
fray fresh flame
frail flee flap
fret fleet flash
~
if / frame &- page
.
half 9 flat (_____?V able
age J play c____o break Cr

each ! plan L_s:2- cash
~
she
fear 2
./ paper
reach
e range
happy
~
(Y
feel ~
~
back / black Lcr
felt check ~ trtp y.
free ~ live
7 happen e
Unit 4] GREGG SHORTHAND 2.1
fair bear help
affair bread labor
fail shape pretty
chief leave even

.2 never
c
one, won from,
form
after been, should

bound
people very ) over* .. . "'
about before ) ever /

most much every )
I
*The sign for the prefix over written above a following character is used
to express the word over.
42. As a prefix, after is expressed by af. In compounds, every is expressed
by ev.
43. The word been following. have, has, had is phrased and is expressed
byb:
have been
44
~ has been r
B U SI N ESS A B BR EV I AT I 0 N S
had been
Dear Madam: Very truly yours, Yours very truly,
) )
2.2. GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. II.
45. READING AND DICTA T: 0 N PRACTICE
0~ "', ~ ,r ~ 0 --<-- )
_..J,o) 7 - L r ? - > /
~~ / ~· ...!---. . ~ /P
c ~ ~' ~/ r- 1 J ~
· )~;;r £7/"~
/ I ( ~ _J c_p-,
~ J ~ / , v ~ <----ir'
_r ~ (. 3.. ~ r:· ~'
<---' /
O~J ./;;_/~
~ /7 ~ o- ... - 0 x r- ~
/ ~ ? --6 _ C. ~ .~ ~~
9
0 _;; /./ ~ J = j • ~
J ,/, ,h ~ ~·~I ~
-~~~/-r?A//1
../ 0 / . ______,_ ~ ~
Unit 5] GREGG SHORTHAND 2.3
UNIT 5
THE SIGNS FOR S
46. The signs for s, written downward, are taken

from a small elliptical figure, thus: rJ
Memory aid: I r/
The right-motion s is called ..right s" _)

The left-motion s is called "left s" r
47. In practical writing the sound of z is expressed by the sign for s,

since no confusion arises from using the same character for both sounds in
connected writing. We already are accustomed to ·\writing and reading s
for z in English, as in rays, prai.re.
It is seldom necessary to make-a distinction between sand z, but when it is,
a short dash is struck at a right angle to the sign for s to show that it has the
sound of z., thus :
race ~ ra1se ~ gas~ gaze .~5:(

4B. The base of the first consonant of a word rests on the line of writing,
but when s precedes another consonant, the base of the consonant following
the s is placed on the line.
49. Initial and Final S. r. Before and after p, b, r,

and l, and after t, d, n, m, and o, the left s is used:
stps phrase daze /

sables slim knees
senes tease mass
2.4 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. II.
2.. In all other cases the right s is used:
saves / seeds /
I
sashes r
seeks /-) snap y sketches
staff :1 smash ~ sages
A circle placed outside the angle in any of these

1
joinings does not change the motion.
50. F R E QUE N T- W 0 R D DRILL
sell ~ spell G salary ~
sale ~ spread (/ self

~
.
ptece / spare ~ trace ~
pass G space ~ dress ~

base b less class ~
busy { slip
~
crazy ---;e
press ~ sleep L__( see c:/
pratse cp asleep
~ say ,d
place ~ sales ~ as _9
l]nit 5] GREGG SHORTHAND 2.5
•
9 same C7
)
steel
bas
sense ~ steam ~
these •
easy seems c?
)
l'" stage (
.
season ~ Slt / stiff ,:/'
affairs cZ seat
/
/ '
·stay yO
safe y' said ./ stick ~
save / sad / set /•

.
case ntece sat /
kiss ffilSS ~ settle ~
guess ~
days / silk ~
gas ~
dance r needs _/
sick ~
.
s1nce ~ ladies ._/
sake •
~ hence ~ chance
scheme ~
·'
I
m1nutes /ages 1
seen )
,;;::;~ --
step
1- sketch
;y
seem c7
)
steps
1- study
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. II
51. S Between Strokes. When a circle vowel im-:-·

mediately precedes s between strokes, treat the s as be-·
longing to the preceding consonant; if the circle
follows the s, the s should be treated as if it belonged'
to the following consonant; when s occurs between
strokes and is not joined to a· circle, write the s with
the syllable to which it belongs:
cast
~
mask -e, least ~
guest -~ grasp risk ~

?
taste ~ accede
or pressed ~
~
task ,£!, chest raised ~
desk /' vast rans·ack ~-
mtst -----{/ VlSlt
J
52. The Ses Sign. The ses sound as heard in faces
mason -e
is expressed by joining the two s signs as a blend: .
senses ~ ceases "( basis {
cases
~
thesis rr census ~
masses )
c;:::;> traces ~ analysis~
NoTE: In rapid writing, the firsts in ses may become obsj:;ure, and yet the
second s, being written contrary to the rule for writing a single s, clearly
indicates the plural form . Compare the following :
face qJ . faces ~ lease ~ leases ~

Vnit 5] GREGG SHORTHAND 2..7
.53. BRIEF FORMS FOR

COMMON WORDS
/J
under * . . . . cause, ~
work
because
must --r thorough-ly, J part

three
some 2-- think,

thing
r: matter 6
.
such ! system, f agatn c?l-
says
.
)
first
business (
public,
publish
far,
favor
(; agatnst
always
~
*The sign for the prefix under written above a following character is used
for the word under.
54. The suffix thing is expressed by a doc in the following words :
anything ~. something .< • everything _)
55. Plurals of Brief Forms . The plurals of brief

. forms ending in s are formed by adding another s of
the same motion, thus:
cause ~ causes "'"[ business ( businesses (
In other brief forms the plurals are formed by

adding s to the singular forms, thus:
parts t< · changes J ships _/ forms ~

GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. II
56. READ I N G AN D D I C TAT I 0 N P R A CT I CE

. ·U nit 6] GREGG SHORTHAND
UNIT 6
57. The Letter X. When x occurs at the end of or

within words, it is expressed by s slightly modified in
slant, thus:
nux
.
-e_ fix ~ tax ~
mtxes fixes ~ taxes ~

NoTE : The plural is formed by adding s as shown in mixes, taxu.
SIMPLE SUFFIXES
·58. The suffix shun (sion, tion) is expressed by sh:
mentton
.
- ---"'7
7 fashion VlSlOn ;
. .
natton -? action en sesston I
mtsston /
1:>
faction cA .
evaston ;
diction /7. affection 9-; sectton /-;
59. The Past Tense. The past tense is expressed by
tor d:
I. After most abbreviated words a disjoined t placed
close to the preceding character is used to express the
past tense, thus:
changed timed liked willed

? r
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. II
2. In all other cases join t or d if a distinctive and

facile joining is possible; otherwise, di~join t (as in
glared, taperea) to express the past tense, ,thus:
passed G raced 0 shaped

t
praised~ mentioned ~reached
t:
visited~ risked checked /-v
labored~ glared ~/ t-apered
~
traced ~ fixed ~ ·fea.r ed oL-/
also letter,
let
c..___--P until J
nothing -. present, c got ...----v
between r:: presence

big,
beg
h gave r-D .
another gtv~, ~ next
given
woman tell,* / soon

till
.
morntng • still / name
*The s is added. to tell by changing the circle into a loop, thus: tells /
Unit ~6]::..-_ _G_R_E_G_G_S_H_O_R_T_H_A_N_D_ _ _3_I
---- BRIEF FORMS AS PREFIXES
61. A brief form is frequently used as a prefix or as

part of another word, as illustrated in the following:
almost inform formal

2
income begin t:~ anyone
increase began C-o- overwork
instead forgive J---o ,undergo

ago forgot /----v handle
62. FREQUENT PHRASES
for the ) you have / would be
to be* there is can be
with the of his may be
I have for you j and that
from the 2 .r if you J as the
of this of your tn our
there are in this of all
*Before a downstroke_, to is expressed by t .

GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. II.
63. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE
'! _/) /) ,._.- _.---v' _, ~ I ,

_______,(~ ~ C L J ,- ~
/J/;? ,---· ~ /}.__?Y
~ - e o<~~~
_/
) ~ J ~ / / OJ· -' ~'

0 ~ p )_, __/ ~ ?-, ~
/~"~ <>-cl"/
~~~~~JJv
-C' - <>= __/ / c - ?/
~ u a.:.--
( /) ~---------,. -( , A /
--7" <- '---;:? p ?_(/-o / ~

(/ r
/J /
(./ ~ " / '- . __,.
/"'a -----; /19 -·---·7
~-
_ / c ·, q (!/' a____. .L~ ~, , /

I
. '
/
64. WR I T I N G P R ACT ICE
1. I shall not leave here today for my trip to France,

as I am too busy, but I shall finish everything soon.
2. It mar be that such a change in the history classes
will help to settle the matter for you.
3. He will cash the pay check if you will present it
at his desk.
4. Since she is changing her plans to stay here some
time before· going to the city, I think it will be well
to leave the matter as it is for the present.
5. Because the business in that part of the country
is not good, he will remain there another month to go
thoroughly into the planning of a sales campaign.
6. It is plain that if any action is to be taken it
must take place before the session ends today.
7. He fixed the time at six and said that the men
were asleep.
8. I shall not fail to mention that the basis of his
claim is very flimsy and that I feel that his figures
should be thoroughly studied and checked before any
decision is reached. ·
Dear Sir: The sale of the goods you shipped me in
January is not going at all well. For one thing, the
season has been very late; causing business to be slack.
Can you think of anything that will help our sales? It
may be that business in other parts of the country is
much the same as it is here and you have made some
sales plans that will be of help to me. I should like to
go over this matter with one of your men the first time
one of them is in the city. Yours truly,
CHAPTER III
UNIT 7
THE 0-HOOK
65. The lower half of the elliptical figure-(} is called

the o-hook. It is used to express the following sounds:
...,
0 aw 0
(/ (/
/
as tn as tn as tn
,___ rot
....
.-~
raw wrote
~ ~
r ot raw I
/
r 6 t
Key to Vowel ·Sounds: John Paul Jones.
I "/
NoTE: The sound aw is spelled in various ways, as in fall, bought, taught,

raw, The same method of marking vowels is employed in chis chapter as
in the first.
know no- --v lot 16 t ~

/
law 1 aw ~
. road rod ~
/
low 10 ~ load I6d ~ /
-
wrote rot ~ ought aw t /
/
aw to c/f hope hop (_

auto
show sh o I
not
;:
-z/
note /
shop sh 6 p
bought b aw t
I
brought b raw t ~
. folks f6 ks /~
blow b 16 L taught taw t /
c
/
ball b aw 1 caught k aw t .--7/

.
box box ( coffee k of e
/
?
job j0b hog h 0 g. ~
talk taw k ~ occur 6 k 'r
dog dog ~hotel hot e1 ~

I
noted n 6· ted ~
/
slow s 16 ~
/
notes n6 t s ~ abroad abrawd&

/
nouce n6 t 1s ~
/
broken · b r 6 k 'n L /
raw raw ~ open o_p •n t_

loss 10 s ~ off 6 f /
fellow felo .~
/
often o f'n 2
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. III
so s 0- phone f 6n /
saw saw .
i nouon n 6 shun
sought saw t mouon m 6 shun
sorry so...... r -1 sober s 6 b 'r
sorrow s 6 r 6 d-v I
close kloz
soul sol /
~model
soft s 6ft ) solemn salem~
snow sno- ~
I
solid solid <.____/
67. 0-Hook Modified. To avoid an unnecessary
angle, the slant of the o-hook is modified slightly before
n, m, r, and l, thus:
When a downstroke comes before the o-hook, this

rule does not apply, since the o-hook joins to down-
strokes without an angle, as in:
pour C shown t- bone { pole~

68. F R E Q U EN T- W 0 R D DR I L L
on -
on ~ home hom I
- -
own on ~ known non ~
/
/
or aw r nor n aw r ----c....-"
roar r o r L--<-----'
/
omitted Om! ted_/
roll rol ~drawn
/
drawn ~
lower 1 6 'r L---<-----' horse haw r s
/
whole h 6 1 c.__---' alone a 16 n

I
loan 16 n ~store
/
s t 6 r
coal kol ~story s tor 1

/
tone ton college k o 1e j

door dar gron
- /
~
/
wa)lt* J glad , --------- call

girl
.
went * J during, / sttuatton
Dr.
told believe, ( course
belief
order possible ( general
small purpose y several

.
upon recetve state
*The w is omitted in want and went.
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. III .
70. R E AD I N G AN D D ICT AT I 0 N P R ACT ICE
/ tf' ~ ~ /(____P v ~ /D
r c>_..,....--- / J r cr-- / Y
4' r~/ ~ ~
<..__--- n- '-__-P- ~ /c,r
v- /X / ~ ~
. "/"
~ r2..:---.
6V'r~~v/
__.-y"70 c: 0 ( ( ( / ' /
'-'/, / (~ y 0
h Jo "f C /c/~Q____r
r f: rC . . ~ / c:___... / . 7 ~ - /
c4 "" · ~~(LJ/9~
~/J 7c?~~Jh
~_/J~__,/~(
o/{rO~ v--[Jcz_
(r/ / ~ ---< --e- r·/ G , )
Vnit 8] GREGG SHORTHAND 39
UNIT 8
METHOD OF EXPRESSING R
71. The circle is written with left motion to express

r following the vowel:
r. Before and after straight strokes:
art mar arch ~ share 6

2.. Between straight strokes in the same direction:
tart Y dared /ohurch / murmur a a
72 . It is generally more facile to use the circle for the obscure vowel
sound heard in ur as in church, murmur, urge, hurt.
73. FREQUENT· WORD DRILL

.
heart cY urge I better ~
hard o/ tear / later ~
hurt d:,/ dare / s1ster p
/
heard near chapter
J
earn mere ..0 motor --r/
arm manner cashier
~
0
army <::::) c:> chair 6 m1n1ster C7

harm 0
.
Jar ! teacher
I
S FOLLOWING A LEFT-MOTION CIRCLE
74. The letter s is added to a final left-motion circle.

on straight strokes by changing the circle to a loop:
.
tears / shares staus
dares / nears manners
either deal,
dear
/ yesterday Y
above real, together~

regard
rather company, children

keep
love become, prepare

/ book
collect~ importance, subject

tmportant
capital necessary op1n1on

76. After abbreviated words and words ending in a left-m.otion circle on
straight strokes, a disjoined r expresses er, or, thus:
keeper dearer /~ worker
When the forms are distinctive, the r is joined, thus:
greater ~-- bigger ~ smaller
When a brid form ends with the last co11sotumt of a word , the left motion
circlt: is used to express or, tr after straight strokes :
sooner ..L.-&> former ...:::;./_~=

//r(/ ---<--'(Pv.
/' / '------;f- ~ ~ c
-7 _}.? ~-7)-'---~ ~
~ .' · - -o c.~?-/--
~-r~Pr/-;. r
~' f' ~ ;J / ~ ( /
JY /' ~~//"";-/7 ,-
? ~ // rj-/ /_, v l
(' __/ 0 J -? / ~ J (_
· a-~/= J' /'"' r ~p ,r- ~
-Y4 ~ ~tf
'
_J
? > y c::n-/ ? / v ( 'i'

~- (~-~·
../r-,P =P/(
(..___- ~ ' /
UNIT 9
THE TH JOININGS
78. The left-motion th is used before and after o, r,

l. In other cases the right-motion th is used:
though ._// author ~ bath ;--
although* / earth teeth
·thought / health thief
throw ~ both theater
throat ~ birth thin
thrown ./- 4' - path cloth~
*The word althot~gh is a combination of all and though.
· 79 . When th is the onlv consonant stroke, as in the brief forms for that
' .
or th(y, or is in combination with s, the right-motion th is used~ as in these
and suth( .
FREQUENT PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
80. The prefixes con, com, coun, cog, followed by a

consonant, are expressed by k. The suffix ly is expressed
by a small circle; ily and ally, by a loop:
confess council ~ conform 2-

7
confer com pel ~ county
2
Unit 9] c ·R EGG SHORTHAND 43
-- . 2
convenuon
;; lonely
lately
~
~ easily
-
formally
)
<::::=:::>
convey
;J ~
•
convince early Q__.P hastily
concrete
2
~fairly 0 readily ~
;! . wholly
.
c.._.P family
) -=:::>
safely C7
solely ~ hardly / totally /

only .:::--.o . heartily ~ socially j
81. In words beginning with comm or conn, the. second m or 1:1 is writ.t en,
thus:
common . ~._. --- connote . ~ commence ~
When cotz or com is followed by a vowel or by r or l, write kn for con and

· km for ~o.m, thus :
comedy·~·· comrade ~mic

82. After a circle vowCI, ly is written on the opposite side from the vowel,
thus:
dearly daily nearly
83. To express the plural of some brief forms ending in a circle and of
~ome words ending in a loop, a slight change is made in the manner of join-
tng s, thus :
names ~ J=>
families .c:;;r
44 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. Ill
PHRASING PRINCIPLES
84. Before words beginning with a downward char-

acter or o, r, l, the word to is expressed by t:
to see A to say k> to pay
6
to which to honor ~ to work ~
1
to ship 4 to our ~ to place
·~
85. When repeated in a phrase, as is expressed by s:
as well as as much ·as
as good as as great as
as low as as many as
86. After be or been, the word able is expressed by a:
have been able should be able
would be able will be able
on the c::____/ with you ~ about the ?

.
you are yt___/ if the J to gtve ~
must be as to 0 you ·know ~
should be
7~ at that ~ of it /
that is of their which is I

.
in which 1s not on you-r
of these of which ! with that
more to get from you 2~--:::::>. .

than
your to take of its /
letter
this is in his . --r he will
you may /2.- o if you ~ you would /

will
he is that this rOJ to this
send special, speak,

speech
I represent
agree* .. . . week, already

weak
ask floor, ~value
flour
office complete, t employ
complain-t 7
official immediate, c:;> o express
immediately
future committee knowledge -c__.../
. *The prefix form for agr-e-i, a loop written above the following character,
1sused to express the word agree.
tThe angle between k and p is maintained in the word complete to make a
distinction between complete and keep.
89. R E A D I N G A N D D I CT AT I 0 N P R ACT I CE
/}. ~=, / ·-= r .

J ~ 0:. J cfi ~C/
u
r . ~ (. r ~ /)(,/
C C___P-7- ,_____ '(: r ? '---"7 --("'

/ ~ J .___9 9'
_ ___.f t ' (
90. W R I T I N G P R A CT I CE
r. It is hard to say what is known about the model

of the motor on which Horace Holliday is working.
Several people have seen it and praise it.
2.. After Bob bought the boat he noticed that the
motor would stall often. After much analysis and
pottering over it, he spotted the cause of grief It was
a little thing, and easy to fix.
3· The history of this country shows that a hardy,
hard-working people, gifted with vision, can achieve
what they fix as a goal if the goal has a meaning to
the people in general.
4· It was a shock to her to hear that John Jones,
after joking about it, · really had started alone on an
airplane trip to Havana and was nearing his goal.
5. The "Lone Eagle" did not c:ross the ocean merely
by dreaming of it. He made ready for a great trip
by planning every detail. Study, hard work, and the
bravery to face peril without flinching helped him to
achieve his aim and to place his name on. the scroll of
the great men of history.
Dear Sir: It will be necessary for me to stay here till
about · the end of January, as there are many matters
of importance still to be finished. I am really glad that
you were able to see Mr. Hartman and close that busi-
ness with him. Such matters may easily cause. hard
feeling. There is nothing at present that needs your
presence here. The general situation seems to be as good
as it is in the East. I have my heart set on making
big gains for the company here this month. I am
working hard to achieve all possible. Yours truly,
CHAPTER IV
UNIT 10
THE 00-HOOK
91. The upper part of the small elliptical figure -f)- ,

which is cal1ed the oo-hook, is used to express the fol-
lowing sounds:
....
u -
00 00
/ "'
as m as m as m
tuck took tomb
~ ~ ~
/
tiik t 00 k I too m
Kt)' to Vowd Sounds:
The duck ~coo k co tht: pool.
92. F R E Q U E NT - W 0 R D DR I L L
who h 00 /? hug hug

I
do d oo /t does d uz
took took ~ up up
true t roo ~ upper u p 'r

'vhom h oo m a blue b 1 00
I I
plus p 1 ii s ~ fruit f root u /
pull p 001 G roof roof

7
lose 1 00 z "---;;;? luck 1 uk <..___---?--)
....,
rug rug ~rub riib
rough ruf
/
foot f 00 t ~
food f 00 d j/ shut shut y
/
fur fur L sugar shoog'r~

. '
supper sup ' r
....,
L fool f 001 ~
/
dozen d ii z 'n ~ tough t ii f ;:/

g roo p ~stuff stu f
group '-...,_...- 7
cut k ii t ~ truck t r ii k ~
cook kook ~ us us /
kiip thus th ii s d
cup
r ·
oven
.
....,
u v 'n L sullen siilen ~
COUSln k ii z 'n ---2 through thr oo ~

9 3. The combination us is wri teen without an angle at the beginning
of words, or when it follows a downstroke or k, g, as in us, shoes, campus,
co11.rin, etc.
so GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV
94. The oo-hook Modified. To avoid an unnecessary

angle, the oo- hook is turned under after n, m. It is also
turned under after k or g if followed by r or l:
mood m oo d - / canoe k an 00
I
uf
~
none nun muff m
noon noon nook nook .

--;--
moon moon _ __,~

/
null n u1
nut nut __.y- cool k 001
numb n ii m -:z
~-- cur k ii r
annul an ii 1 ~curse k ur s
care skill, ~ number

school
carry /(5 usual, J enough

wish 7
force / posttton (
~
govern,
-ment
charge
I expect,
especial
j
questton
~
~
look ~ full purchase
clear ~ sure remember c_9

96. R E AD I N G AND D I C TAT I 0 N P R A CT I CE
/Lv-o?:J,(~
~ "I a~ r; ? ~ 07Y, )
~ / ~=- ~· C:f< j
he ~_/L;?oJa
c---t' ~ rO( . J / ~ L
/c
,---./,;
a~ 7' J - 6 /
c/ ~ J
r" s;. -' ----6"? -: D 0 (' a /
)
/(/?~(.'~!11
/ ' ,. / ' rO ~ ~ - . .(
/ c ~ /1 ~' y. ~
~/c::-~~7,
/ , 9 ~ (} ~ J _f
-=)~-?~/of , /
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV
UNIT 11
METHOD OF EXPRESSING W
97. By pronouncing the following words slowly

it will be found that w has the sound of oo; therefore
w is expressed by the oo~ hook:
we - --
oo-e cJ
wave --
·oo-a-v jJ
wall oo-aw-1 .~
98. WORD DRILL
.
way wa cJ w n
~
WlO 1
/
wet wet 7 wane wan dJ-

I
walt w at !1 women .w r men c::>'?

/
weighed wad / wake w ak r

wed wed '/ wicked w r ked ~
.
wedded weded / w a l k waw k z-,
width w rd th./ weave we v jf

widow w r do r waste wast /c7
Unit 11] GREGG SHORTHAND S3
wash w 6 sh weep we p
watch w 6 ch web web

.
- . .
wages w a J s wheat* hw et I
7
..... .
wedge we J wheel hw e 1 ~
/
.
wear war ~ whim hwim ~
/ .
weary w erI c:Z_p whip hwi p (
/
.
wool w 001 ~whale hw a1 ~
I
water w aw ter r whirl hwerl ~

*In the combination wh, as in wheel, the h is sounded first.
99. W Within Words. In the body of a word it is

more convenient to express w by a dash placed beneath
the vowel following. In writing sw and a circle
vowel, as in sweet, swim, swell, the hook for w is pref-
erable to the dash:
quick equtty squall
.
queen que~r SWlffi
.
quu twtn swell
...
quote /?/' dwell ~ swift }
acquit ~ sweet 7 doorway~

/
54 GRE,GG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV
100. A Before W or H. In words beginning with

a-h or a-w the dot, placed on the line close to the next
character, is used to express a:
ahead .:/ awake awatt
away awoke . z-, awaken

/
we are ~ we are not we shall

be
we will ~ we will not ~ we have
we shall cf we shall not f_ we have j

been ~ jr
we can ~ we cannot ~ we have L
not

. (
world house, J suppose
whose
reply y remark,
room
whether r
word / follow,
fall
/ further )
body ( accept, explain {_

-ance
duty / gone particular /
bring ( nature report

---.;1 / ~ ------- 7 ~ r--o /
L -------- / cJ'9 7 > ! p )
/--' ( L-- ~ Q_/ ~ ( / t_____--
--.__/ ( / I . " t_ - · (~
. I / /'1', )
s6 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV
UNIT 12
METHOD OF EXPRESSING Y
104. Y has the sound of long e, as in yacht, yoke, and

when followed by a hook vowel is expressed by the
small circle. Ye, as in year, yet, is expressed by a small
loop; yq, by a large loop.
yacht yellow ~ youth
yawn yoke /
yarn
year yet yard
THE SIGNS FOR NG AND NK
105. The sound ng,, as in ring, rang, is expr~ssed by

n -written at a slightly downward slant; nk (sounded
ng,k), as in bank, rank, is expressed by a longer stroke
on the same slant:
~bank ~
.
nng drink
rang sank blank ~

.
rank w1ng king
stng·. frank &_ wrong
songs banquet ~ spnng

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
106. The vowel is omitted in the prefixes en, in, un,

em, im when the prefix is followed by a consonant; when
a written vowel follows the prefix, the initial vowel is
retained. Ex is expressed by es.
The suffix ings is expressed by a left s and ingly by a
small circle substituted for the ing-dot:
infer
2
unseen expense !;
.
envy
impel
;;
--c:.____
engtne
tnnate
z
cr-6
lovingly
seem-
7
c:> 2 0
.
t~pres- emouon c:7
ingly
7' exceed-
yo
s10n ~ .
ingly
embrace emtt / meeungs /,
~
C7 z;.,C
en1phasis
7
examme
.
J savtngs l
indeed Y excess y
107. Negative words beginning with in, un, i1n in
eventngs J
which the n or m is doubled are distinguished fron1
the positive forms by omitting one of the doubled
consonants and inserting the initial vowel:
known unknown
noticed unnoticed
necessary unnecessary
ss GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV
108. F R E Q U E NT P H R A S E S
of them v- to ask ~ ifyou L

are
very we would are not
much
when the we should we may
at all does not r with us
into the we must c will you
in reply y that they through

the
on our ~ tokeep for us J
to go ~which over the
/ have
did not / who have as you
long strength, character

strong
among commuru- effect

cate,-tion
young bill, return

built
yes friend, answer

friendly
. (
thank r-· else, expenence
list
effort ) car, ---- recent

correct
110. REA 0 IN G AN 0 0 I C TAT I 0 N PRACTICE
) (__ ~ C/7 c----7 /'
J------- - /;: /' /

/L--T7~ -
6o GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV
r. The couple were waiting at the club to meet the

other members of the party.
2. For years we have been following this particular
method of making reports at our bank.
3· His answer to the unusual communication was, in
effect, that his income was too small for him to think
of such a purchase.
·4. The girl was wearing a new pale yellow sweater
of soft angora wool· and a dashing green scarf at the
skating rink. .
5· The men were weary from the long swim in the
rough water of the bay.
6. After the wedding reception her uncle gave the
cou pie and their friends a banquet at the Hotel Tours.
My dear Sir: The order:s that we gave you in our
letter of May I about all purchases were clearly stated
and very important, and we are glad that you have so
regarded them. In the future we hope that we shall
not have to question any of the purchases that you
may make for our company.
You must remember that your position with us is
based mainly on your skill in choosing clothing that is
up to the minute in fashion and still cheap. We feel
that we should caution you to study every day the
changing fashions and at the same time keep your eye
on the economic situation iri the textile world.
We hope you can reach here soon enough Saturday,
so that we may have a long chat. We want you to tell
us all about your recent trip and to help you plan your
next trip to Paris. Yours truly;
CHAPTER V
UNIT 13
THE DIPHTHONGS
112. A pure diphthong is the union in one syllable

of two simple vowel sounds utte~ed in rapid succession.
The diphthongs are· therefore expressed by joining the
circles and hooks representing the vowel sounds of ·
which the diphthongs are composed:
-
u as in fume f ii m ~
ow tf as tn now now -o
. ~
01 as in oil oi 1
1 as in die d 1 ~
NoTE: The diphthong u is a combination of e and oo; ow, of a and oo; oi,
of aw and t. The sign for the diphthong i is a large circle with an indenta-
tion- resembling a combination of a and t, which , if uttered in rapid succes-
sion, yield a sound almost equivalent to 1. This sign. is generally called
" the broken circle."
The signs are written in their sounded order. The

sign for the diphthong i is treated as a circle, and con-
forms to the rules for joining circles. Note how the
diphthong i is written in the words si'{e, nice, price,
mine, which appear in the following word drill.
61
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. V
113. W 0 R D DR I L L
. . .
human pz enJOY white ;r
cute ~ JOlD lL wtse
.
rf
few ) boy ( wide ;;/
.
vtew ) toy / ride ~
now votce
.
! .
lie
.
c.___Y?
cow r(5' high C9 pnce ~

. .
mouth -z::;r stze r? pnces ~
. .
ounce tf7 nse c__p pnze \?
vow
· bough j fight
fine
c/
u2
apply
supply
LP
(__p
annoy ~ file ~ comply
~
.
ootse ~
stgn &-- cry --t:i)
.
oil ~ fire d ntce
soil ~ fly ~ mtne c:;r-
choice / sight realize ~

type ( try dining

.
tried tW1Ce
L
ptpe
final dry excited

.
smile* drive tte
died design ure

*See mile in the brief forms below.
114. For convenience, long i is expressed by the large circle in the fol-
lowing words:
life ' - - : / line <..__._-52- quite rz[ might 6

use how, side

out
.
power / right, wue
write
why & while kind

. .
night -c:;; behind 1nqu1re
find pomt, . mile

appomt
.
light thousand req uue i.---(J)
116. When word forms end with the diphthong i, the double circle is
used to express the diphthong and the termination ly:
lightly ~ kindly ~ rightly ~ nightly ~

/ r(9 OJ--_,; --<=>D 0 C> ~ 0 ~ (/'
~ J "-- ~__/ f: '-=----- (/ ~

-~(/a- rOP;? ~/ P~ r
Co-; ( j ~ Ji? c9
/ ___,___- ~ ~ 6----' c? r - { /7/
/7~ (__p~J ~-=----

~~P .~ ~~~
/ / rc "". ~----.__..- G' , /
/ / ~ r7 7 <---': ' -c____ {/ h
2tr9{(/1~~~~
?" (~ ('&/_ ("'dt/
UNIT 14
OTHER VOWEL COMBINATIONS
118. In a few words, vowels follow one another con-

secutively without forming diphthongs, as in poem,
radio, showy. In such words the signs for the sounds
are written in the order in which the sounds occur:
poet ~
I
snowy* ..2-J
/
radio ~
poem
/
r:__ showy
I
& folio l____e I
*When necessary, the ·long sound of o in oe is marked to distinguish it from

the diphthong oi.
119. Any vowel following the diphthong i is ex-

pressed by a small circle within the large circle:
via / science t?-< riot ._fiY
fiat ~ diet / pnor (£_.._

120. Short i followed by a, as in mania, is expressed
by a large circle with a dot placed within it; e followed
by the large circle vowel, as in create, is expressed by a
large circle with a dash within it. These distinctions
are seldom necessary, however:
.
ana Q.9 cereal ~ ptano ~
area Q_ff) serial (_Q____/ create ___tiY
alias ~ manta UCY

creatton ~
66 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. V
OMISSION OF MINOR VOWELS
I2f.'When two vowels not forminga pure diphthong

come together, the n1inor vowel may be omitted. For
convenience in writing many common words, the circle
may be omitted in the diphthong u, as in new, due, music:
theory ~ due / idea* /
-j /-----
gent us /-7 m ustc --:;:7---. ideal* c:f
~
.
arduous am use C/-..---~
7 genutne
tedious reduce renew
new avenue renewal~

*The long i in idea and ideal is expressed by the large circle.
dollar* / respect,
respectful-ly ~
please c____,
object ( arrange, QO progress ~
arrangement
strange consider, across
! consideration r-;
c
c:;r---c
trust ~ opportumty vartous ~

n1ail 0 throughout ~ enclose
address ~ advantage J wonder

*After numerals, dollars is expressed by d .
~ ? OJ f' ---o _::;,:

J
/ v- u ( ,>"'
/ /1 ~ L /' __J:/ /' D /
~ . ~ (0 0"'· t / --c7 c
~r~/.~r,--/~
= --6~ / ~.2~ ~
r-zf . 0> ,- ~' '(__-
/ = ~/ . -----/ ~ C-----. .-"
/v • ~ / . c:- ~ v
~ __/or-:
ol- Qp "--' c/ -0 , ( v /} ; /
_..--,___ c:r-r . / p / ~ r----' J/
a r· ,-o ~ I/' _ 0
r- .__9. ~ 5' ~ 9
~I 0 L
68 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. V
UNIT 15
OMISSION OF SHORT U AND OW
124. In the body of a word short u and ow are omitted

before nand m, and short u before straight downstrokes:
sun column ~ announce C/___,..---.--....,.c
sunk lumber million ---e____--
fun pump crush
funny bunch clutch
town Jump touch
down brown trunk
ton begun rush
done summer judge
run sunshine ·brush
rung luncheon drown
12' . Between n-n, ow is indicated by a jog, as in announct, short u is in-

serted between n-n; n-m, as in nun and numh; moun is expressed by the men
blend, as in mountain.
126. The u is omitted in the termination Jume:
assume resume consume presume
9
JOINED PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
127. The syllables per, pro, pur are expressed by pr;

the syllable ble, by h, ple, by p (in the words given
below only); ment, by m:
proper trouble sample >(

. process sensible
7 example
c:;:.7
? C79 (
.
perhaps m1ser-
abJe
apart-
ment
rft-
permtt
pr?mo-
non
C--,
suitable
avail-
able
l compli-
ment
moment
"?
l__..-P--
.
pursue L; terrible equlp-
menc
promtse ~ reliable ~ treat-
prove y. noble
. ( ment
element Q____P-----
perform ~ payable
-~
f ex;;~~-
profit simple ~-).__(""'7' payment J--
valuable ample o (settle-~
ment
128. When pro occurs before an upward character or k., it is more con-
venient to insert the vowel, as in:
protection C/' produce ~ produced ~

COMPOUND JOINED PREFIXES
129. Two or more simple prefixes may be joined:
inform unexpected*
conform uncomfortable
reconcile unaccountable*
.
recogntze uninformed
unforeseen unemployed
unexplored* incomplete
.
un1m portant - .. [ unconsc1ous
*The initial vowel is not required in compound prefixes.
~
problem
L ~
person, perfect,
personal proof
success ~ regret, ~ satisfy, /

regular -factory~
~
probable confident, bed,
confidence / bad
except correspond, ~
cover
stop
-ence
.
L--- senous 6.-.r-
/
/{ excel-lent,
excellence
accord c:r-- orgamze, ~ direct ~

organization
-;
'---f
o- <-- ~.__../9-c? ~9~ J/

~)>(_/~- 7 r0 /~~~
~ ~r/ =--r- ~ (d-'

~/' / <----- y ____;: ( ~c;.
Lct-~b~7~~
~ c:r, L C 6~ o }
---vv f { / --
~\p/c~//(_)~
7 r (>/ --r · ~C___o--/[
=--.}~ ~ ?--'<~~/__
_/ ~-~·------~(~
(
-' ~ / __/ (/ =---'' t 0: ,? /
GRE.G G SHORTHAND [Chap. V
132. W R IT IN G PR ACT ICE
I. You are quite right in saying that the price was

too high and that thew hole order of cereals should be
returned. I should think that they could quote lower
prices, owing to their greater purchasing power.
2 . An ounce or so of light motor oil spread on the
leaves of the springs of your car will banish all squeaks.
3· The boy's singing was enjoyed by his many friends
who came to hear him in the huge hall of the Armory.
4· His office was equipped with several filing cases
and a new type of filing desk.
S· The news of his appointment was announced
over the radio at a special coast-to-coast hook-up.
6. He reduced the output of his mill to a million
feet o£ lumber per day during the dull season.
7· His profits in oil were higher this month than
they were in the mont~ 9efore.
Dear Sir: I should like to enlist your aid in preparing
an evening of music to be given early in Jan rtary on
behalf of our Home Welfare Organization.
I think we should have a generous number of arias
from the leading operas and a few piano and· violin
solos. Perhaps we could also get Mr. Hoyle to give
his talk on the poetry of music. We must not forget
also to present some numbers for the enjoyment of
the children who will be present. .
Will you not join with us in helping to arrange
something of an unusually high character this year?
Yours truly,
CHAPTER VI
UNIT 16
BLENDED CONSONANTS
133. When two straight lines form an obtuse or

blunt angle, the natural tendency of the hand is to "slur"
the angle and allow the lines to form a curve, thus:
~-/ blended becomes __/ and expresses -nt~ -nd
~~ blended becomes __/ and expresses -mt~ -md
134. The -nt, -nd blend is an upward curve, corresponding in length to

the sign for J; the -mt, -md blend is an upward curve, corresponding in length
to tJ. The n or m governs the length of the curve; the curve containing m
naturally is longer. At the beginning of words, short e and short i are omit-
ted before these blends, as in entry, empty, induce, etc.
135. WORD DRILL
v 0
~
bond band prevent
pnnt G-./ prompt e-/ owned
planned c__a-/ blind 6J rent ~

plenty c__J apparent e_/ land ~
74 GREGG SHORTHAND LChap. VI
around a___./ seemed ~ grant ~
entry ~ second ~ convent 2

Indian J-
-v
fastened cO ground ~
empty J signed ~ trimmedJ

refund
v event ~ strained ~
laundry~front u .
wtnter ~
JOlnt £ framed {_o_) mventory 2---"
sound ~ exempt ~ moaned ~
found v count ~ doomed ~

sent ~ gained ~ ashamed P
136. The Ld Combination. The combination ld is ex-
pressed by giving l a swinging upward turn at the finish:
· ~
old ~ fold gold ~
older c__Y field L__/ killed ~
· yield ~ failed d__) filed cL_)

held Q____) wild a.__) child /__J
hold c:__) cold ~ sealed
sold z___,) colder· ~ appealed ~

137. DAYS AND MONTHS
Sunday .L- ~ January ) August
Monday ~ February ( September
Tuesday March ~October
Wednesday e?c April e November/

Thursday May _ __,u,........, December /
Friday (_p June i

Saturday /- July I
·138. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS
enure refer, recetpt

reference
copy remit, unable

remtttance
stock suggest, . enable

suggestion
. .
stand individual 10V01Ce
allow attention industry
draft acknowledge oblige

GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. Vl
139. READ I N G A N D D I C T A T I 0 N · P R ACT I C E
0 • - -/ 7
t // :r > q 0 ' .
_/ ...__$'-- ) J
~ f~r-.// /
/~~/~/!
~. ~ ~ ·6'--/ ~ )L_. v
/ ~ J~ / > } t ~
It v
Y~~~ =~~../
~ ~ c ____,
J.______. oP • ·~
~ t/ 4 ---7 .2 /~,L
/ r ~. G ~ (
y /' ,tf r C ;;?" Q__t? , /
UNIT 17
JENT-PENT, DEF-TIVE BLENDS
140. By rounding off the angle, as shown in the pre-

vious blends, the following useful signs for syllables are
obtained:
(/J blended becomes U and expresses jent-d, pent-d
//J blended becomes (}and expresses def-v, -tive

141. w ·oRD DRILL
spend cheapened o defeat
expend
.
carpenter L/ defer
happened (/. pageant . defy
u f> .
operied impending-v· divine
cogent U .
nattve -67 deficit
leg~nd '---(/ devout if · division

ripened V divided~ device
gentle . ~ defraud defend
genteel 0----' defray defense
Gentile ~ endeavor __/[_ define

GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VI
senstttve ~ postttve (/} mot1ve - - / )
resuve ~ creative ~ captive n

42. SPECIAL BUSINESS F 0 R M S
Gentlemen
Dear Mr. (
0 Yours very sincerely
Yours respectfully
J
Messrs. 7 Respectfully yours
Yours sincereIy Very respectfully
Sincerely yours ~ Cordially yours
Very sincerely J Yours cordially
move differ-ent, quality

difference
agent J approxtmate definite
spu1t c deliver,
delivery
tomorrow
~redit tnstant,
. - influence
mstance
appear response, '---1 mistake-n

responsible (
beauty railway, rule ~ altogether

Unit 17] GREGG SHOR T HAND 79
144. R E A D I N G AND D I CT AT I 0 N P R AC T I C E
/ 6' . / /6
6 ~~ -7/1 v ?11' 7
rO~ ~~I
J) -r > .~ £- r J /) r
() ()~-----"'~~~~
rC' ~ '----6'/ <C--7
<.___.--' ~ y ~/ _/ r {
---6 I <7 v (,( :~ I
~ 9 -6'
y~- . ~
( 7
-- . ...,.. ) ?L~ (/, (}
~
'
v (
/'
/
/'} ( ____.p / r; 9
~
8o GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VI
UNIT 18
FREQUENT WORD.BEGINNINGS
145. The vowel is omitted in the syllables be, de, re,

dis, and mis:
below c discover
~ reason ~
beneath C- dispel /{____, reasonable

7
~ 1
besides dispatch recepuon
delay display /(_p revtew

. J
. J
~
~ revtse
debate
deceit
dislike
disgrace ~replace
;;
~
/f ~ repent
decision
depress ~
dismiss
repau mislaid_~
v
~
depart ~ restgn mishap
/(_/
C7-
. ?"
depend reform mtsery -q_p
'L-
146. The vowel is retained when de precedes k, g, as in dectfY, degrade.
14 7. The vowel in re is omi teed only before a downward character, as in

replace, repent, review, repair, resign, reception .
Unit 18] GREGG SHORTHAND 8r
PHRASING PRINCIPLES
148. The word had when following a pronoun is

expressed as shown in the following illustrations:
I had he had they had we had you had
/ /
149. The phrases was-not and is-not are exp~essed
easily and legibly by using the blending principle:
was not U he was not U it is not
it was not ~ there was not ~ there, is not

NoTE: If the contractions wasn't, isn't, etc. need to be positively indi-
cated, the apostrophe is placed above the forms.
BO. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS
record 1m prove, ne~spaper,

-ment mspect
advertise acquarnc, sufficient

-anee
. merchan-
prevtous nevertheless,
envelope dise
occaston Insure, determine -=-.,--

1nsurance
quanuty educate, pleasure

educatiOn
hundred difficult , catalogue~

difficulty
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VI

1. Apparently, this new house is endeavoring to

underwrite the entire issue of the ship-canal bonds
without calling upon any of the stronger and better-
known houses.
2.. Were you present yesterday evening at the re-
ception to the new minister from France?
3- We have failed to find in the inventory any record
of the number of batteries on hand December 3 r.
4· They dis~overed that the dispatch had not 'been
delivered until after the stock market had opened.
5· The factory promptly made the consignee a satis-
factory refund on the carload of goods.
6. It would b~ easier to replace those old buildings
than to repair them.
7- I want you to change your window display
every other day after closing hours.
8. The collection agency moved cautiously in the
matter of collecting the old accounts that had been
referred to it by the Retail Dealers' organization.
9· The Committee will hold its second session at
the White House tomorrow morning.
Dear Madam: In the hope that we may be of some
help to you in completing your shopping list for the
summer season, we wish to call your attention to our
mesh bags. Our complete ·line gives you a wealth of
unusually pretty styles at very reasonable prices.
A visit to our Jewelry Department to look at these
bags will prove profitable to you. Very truly yours,
CHAPTER VII
UNIT 19
TEN-DEN, TEM-DEM BLENDS
153. By blending t or d with n or m facile blends

result, vv hich make possible the writing of many syl-
lables with but one movement of the pen:
/;r-
~-
blended becomes ( and expresses ten, den
~~ blended becon1es ~ and expresses tem, dem

154. WORD DRILL
sudden Y conunue ~ broaden
wntten ~ continued ~danger

threaten ~continues ~ tender
hidden continuous~ denote
extenston 1ntenuon dinner
evidence
I
deny tonight
sentence distance tennts
condense ~ residence contatn

Unit 19] GREGG SHORTHAND ss
cotton ~ retatn ~ timber f[
tenant / ttem 6 V1Ct1ffi y
.
sustaln v 1tems 6 attendance ~
captatn
. .
1tem1ze ~ conunent ~
obtain r academy o6
/
bulletin &
~
attatn 6 autumn tendency
dense (1 random ~attainable 6{

button ?- attempt ~ ma1nta1n _ f
sweeten r freedom ~ esumate ~

audience/ bottom ~ medium~
r ~
detain
timid
:; wisdom
temper (C
temple
seldom ~
15 5. The blend is not employed when a strongly accented vowel or
diphthong occurs in the syllable. Such words as dean, dine, team, tame,
dome, dime, and other words of one syllable are written in full. The syllable
fain, as in maintain, attain, however, is expressed by ten.
15 6. Where it is possible to use either ten-den or ent-end, as in intention,

the right-motion blend is given preference.
86 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VII
PHRASING PRINCIPLES
157. The blending principle makes possible some

interesting and valuable phrases:
to me to make at any time
to my at once in due course
to meet it must be in due time
to mean it may be what to do
to know at any to draw
158. When do-not is preceded by a pronoun, it is ex-

pressed by the sign den:
I do not 0 we do not believe r[

I do not see ~ they do not ~
/ -v
I do not know 6 they do not know /
I do not believe o{ you do not ~
we do not
I
r you do not know /
159 . When nc::cc:ssary, don't may be distinguished from do not by writing
don for don't, thus:
I don· t / we don ' t 7 they don 'c ~

160. R E AD I N G AN D D I C T A T I 0 N P RACT I CE
88 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VII
UNIT 20
METHOD OF EXPRE-SS·ING R
161. A. circle or loop is written with the left mo-

tion to express r following the vowel:
Between a downward character, (()) I j,

and a forward straight stroke, / / _ ; com-
pare the following forms:
Right-motion: chat / sham C7

I.
bin / fame C?
)
Ltft-motion: chart f charm I- burn L farm J-

NOTE: The circle is placed above the next stroke after p, b, as in burn,
bird, and below the next stroke in all others, as in charm, farm.
There is a tendency in rapid writing to curve a straight line when it is
followed by a circle. Therefore the distinctive method of joining the circle
when it is written with left motion after straight strokes is adopted co pre-
vent any possibility of misreading. Compare germ and hird in the following '.
drill:
162. W 0 R D DR I L L
barn spurt cheered
bird spared shared
period experts repaired
barter shirt chairman tf o
burner charter germ 1-

convert farmer ~ varnish j,

avert 7:z farmers ~ pertatn v-
adjourn J_ fern J- burden ?
adjourned p fertile ~ perunent v
163. Between a horizontal and an upward stroke
the circle is turned with a left motion on the upward
stroke to express r following the vowel:
cart courtesy guarantee~

cird courteous ~ girder ~
curt mart c,;/ smart l z;;:/
guard ~ merit 0
/ lard ~
guard- ~skirt ~ flirt ~
tan
garden ~ inert cr-/ alert
164. Before straight lines, s in ser, cer, Jar, and ih in

ther, thir, may be written contrary to the usual n1ethod
of joining to express ,r:
.
desert concert tnsert
discern concern inserted

GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VII
. .
tnsertton search / sermon
assert serge I third /

asserted surgeon ! thirty /
assert ton surmise 6 ·P thermom- .Y
eter
165. R Omitted. In many words containing ar, er,

or, ir, as in the words large, serve, warm, sort, ji rm, circle,
corner, the r is omitted.
In applying this principle advantage is simply taken
of dropping a sound that ordinarily is not stressed in
speaking.
166. W 0 R D D R I L L
large '---j reverse endorse ~
larger y reserve surpnse ~

learn ~ toward surplus ~
turn tovv-ards orchestra~
terms / r sport quarter -71

north born war
northern ~ board warn
cord r-/ border warmth -z-----.r

warrant ~ court rt/ western
serve / source I modern*

.
servtce storm r southern y-
. ) y-
servtces firm .?'
assortment
surface ; circle ~nervous
sort y certatn
.
r- worry
/ ":!l
.
corn ~ ascertatn r worth
corner ~ eastern* y-- worthy ~
*The syllables tern, dern are expressed by ten .

. 16 7. The termination worthy, as in noteworthy, trustworthy, is expressed
by thl, and worth by uth, chus:
noteworthy ~ trustworthy ~ Ainsworth ~.
168. The Syllable Ther. The sy liable ther, as in either,

other, is conveniently expressed by the sign for th:
mother bother r:: father*
neither brother c leather
gather r--o weather r hitherto ~

*The left-motion th is used in father to distinguish this word from faith,
which otherwise would have the same form.
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VII

UNIT 21
C0 MM0 N P R E F-.J X E S A N D S U F F I X E S
170. The prefixes for, fore, fur are expressed by f.

The suffixes ful and ify are expressed by f; self by s;
selves by ses; and age by j:
forget J----/ useful itself

~
forgive )--o notify _/] themselves r 7
forgotten ~modify - - / ) ourselves L-f'
foresee ) certify rJ yourselves

1
furniture ~ dignify / 7 courage
7
4
~
furnish simplify storage
awful _) myself
7 :JCY baggage
wonderful yourself manager

/ :7
helpful
/
himself ~
•
.
<: average
r
thoughtful ~ herself ~
package
NoTES: (1) The syllable ture is written tr. (2.) The vowel in baggage is
omitted to distinguish the form from package. (3) When for or fore is fol-
1
lowed by a vowel, disjoin f close to the next character, as in forearm. When
for or fore is followed by r or l , form an angle after f, as in forerunner, furlont, .
94 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VII .
PHRASING PRINCIPLES
171. In phrases, the words ago, early, few, him, hope,

.rorr], want, sure, pos.rible, are modified as shown below:
to him at an early date /

I told him days ago ~
·we told him ;r-- weeks ago ~
I hope r months ago ~
\Ve hope ( years ago ~
I hope to hear c day or two ago ~

I ~n1_ .ror~y 0 c week or two ago ~
'"'.re are sorry as near as possible

~ ·(:
I want c/ few days y
you \1Vant J few months 2 {1_
we 'vant ~ few minutes ~ /
if you vvant l/ be sure (

do you \1Vant ~we are sure
early reply o( I am sure ~-7
Unit 21] GREGG SHORTHAN·o 95
17 2. R E A D_l N G AN D D ICT AT I0 N PRACT ICE
u • ~,? "--- ~ A--( • <.___.P
.2 ~ 7 c; v ~y:;: 6,? "---

___.,.._., ~/ ~' 7 ~
cr-07 .
• ~L..-1_ C/ d-. - G / r?
o-) / - - - / '/ . A o--- ~ r

c:/'~'7" ~ </ 'U- A > o~
_r,o /' 0 L ,--- _ 6/"//___1?/
;;...-
/_. L > ~ - ~ .0 ' - ;J
7 ' ---r.-. ,0 , <>------ '-------' J 0 J.--7 p

~ 6?6"J~cr /-;y'
- ~ /r~l~~
~ ~/ e_____ ;/-/,//
c; (
_/ 0 /
~ ~ 2 __,____.- <9----
p/ / , -T' ·~~~r
~6 // ~" /
GREGG SHORTHAND LChap. VII
.;
1 7 3. WRIT ING P R ACT fCE
1. This land is apparently owned by a group that

received it as a grant from the Government, and I be-
lieve it is tax exempt.
2.. The trend is to em ploy better-trained people in
the printing industries, to prevent the losses entailed
by errors in judgment.
3· We look for a cold winter, which will have a
pronounced effect on the lumber market in this section.
4· We are sorry that the catalogue did not reach
you in time to be of service in this particular instance.
S· If you want to see him in regard to the matter
about which we talked yesterday, phone him, and if
he is unable to see you, then he will arrange for a
meeting at a later date.
6. We have looked over the carbon copy of the
letter ir: questi.on and are unable to find any reference
to prev1ous pnces.
7· Sufficient improvement has been noted in the
trend of the market to suggest that you buy now.
8. The vowel is inserted in the word "package" to
enable the writer instantly to tell the difference be-
tween the forms for "package" and "baggage."
9· While at the village, I received a message from
my employer asking me to send the package to his
foreign address.
10. I have forgotten his name, but I suppose the
hotel peo pie will remember him.
11. The paper has been properly signed by the joint
owners and sent to the land office.
CHAPTER VIII
UNIT 22
OMISSION OF FINAL T
174. When slightly enunciated, t is omitted at the

end of many words.
WORD DRILL
(t omitted after s)
best ( largest / adjust 1

rest modest ~ adjustment I
west hardest / disgust ~
test earnest tnstst
latest ~ honest constst
contest request perstst
protest finest res1st
detest past extst
1nvest last arust
oldest JUSt exhaust

. .
forest JUStlCe cost
97
98 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VIII
175. WORD DRILL
(t omitted after k, p, den)

~
act
enact ~
~ proJeCt
affect
z_£ induct
adapt /
fact c:A defect a adopt /
exact ~ detect ~ abrupt r;
contact ~ stnct y----- president ~
elect conduct ~ evident )-

select ~ product ~ resident
~
erect ~ deduct / student yr-
1 7 6. W 0 RD D R ILL
(tis written in the following words)
lost dust / 1- worst
l_-----1;/ /
~
east ~ taste p distant /

fast c:J missed ---v- tntent /
cast ~
mixed ---0" content /
vast c) post { extent ~
least ~ coast patent r
/(.7 ~~C/_1/
~~~L (z_// x;
~ ~~,) ~y_/~
~ 1/ /(__p/ _/ c /} ----v
'-1/ / ~ rj' ·~ r ~ v
<-./
~~i_/<>--~? ___._d7
~c;Y<, <----- ~ 7 v ~
~/~ o<:Yr 2-
~~~/J--y).? ( ( ~. c/
/(___p ~ <' ~' _, _r ( ~
____,r;n __; y ~ e, c ~ /
!l j. Q__P 5// 9fi T ( . ~ L--
h~ ~ ~~~f~/
~ ~· ~ ~".
c _/
J ( .,2_/
~ _l ... V? ff', )
UNIT 23
OMISSION OF 0
178. When slightly enunciated, d is often omitted:
mind c_5r- dividend (}---expound {
remind ~intend compound C

command ~.____~0~ extend compounds 2;
demand ( extends abound ~
diamond ~ pound beyond {
179. The dis written in the following words:
commend ~contend / attend
180. Dis omitted when it immediately precedesm orv:
admit- ~ advent adverb
a~:ci:ted ~adventure .J..--- admire ~

advocate adverse advance ~
admira- c:r--<-,P adversary advise(ce) )
tion
181. In the words admire, advice, advise, advance, coming under this rule,
the initial vowel also is omitted to facilitate phrasing, as illustrated in the
Unit 23] GREGG SHORTHAND IOI
following useful phrases:
we admire ~ in advance u2 we advise
182. Where the last letter of a primitive form is omitted, the past tense
is indicated by a disjoined t, thus:
contested insisted extended
requested demanded compounded
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
183. The syllable ul is expressed by the oo-hook; al

(pronounced aw-l), by the o-hook. The sign al has
already been gi.ven in the words also, almost. Suh is
expressed by a joined s; less, by l:
ulster alt~rna-
y ?-6/ subway !J
~uve
ultima- submit ..L / thought-~
tum less
almanac"" o-r substance r-' home- ~
less
~-
alternate* 76 subside c/ needless
*For convenience, the root form of the word alter is retained in derivative
forms, although the pronunciation changes.
184. Before r, l, ch, j, or a hook, s is written contrary to rule to express
sub, as in suhurh, sublime, subchief, JUhjoin.
18 5. When sub is followed by a circle vowel, s is disjoined and placed
on the line dose to the following character, thus:
subeditor subhead
!02 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VIII
186. BRIEF- F 0 R M DE R IV AT IV E DRILL
I.
8.~
187. KEY TO BRIEf.fORM DRILL
I. acceptable, acknowledgment, addressed, addressee, advantageous,

advisable, agreeable; 2.. agreement, agreed, answers, appearance, appoint-
ment, asked; 3. beautiful, bookie~, bookkeeping, careful, causes, charged,
clearly; 4· colle.ctible, considerably, correspqndent, cr~dits, desirous, ed~ca
tional ; 5. effective, enclosure, explanation, favorable, favorite, fayors, for~ed;
6. formerly, fully, greater, greatly, goodness, houses; 7· kindness, kindest,
kindly, letters, likely, longer; 8. longest, mostlyt mysdf, namely, names,
obligations; 9· occasiona~ly, preparation, publisher, purchaser, qualities~
recovered , regardless, regards ; 10. representative, satisfactorily, necessarily,
necessity, successfully, surely, usually, unusual, wished.
. 188. READING AND DICTA T I 0 N PRACTICE

GREGG SHORTHAND [Chip. VIII
UNIT 24
PHRASING PRINCIPLES
189. Words Omitted. Any unimportant word may

be omitted where the sense requires its restoration in
transcribing:
in the world here and there d_.J
~
ought to be ought to have
;I
day or two ought to receive ~
more or less ~ in reply to your
little or no ~ for the time being 7[

one or two question of time
~
week or two ~ out of the question dr7
son-in-law one of the most '"2..--- e.-
one of our ~ sooner or later
in order to see ~ in a week or two
some of them in reference tO the

matter ~
some of those .2 r? in regard to the matter ~
Unit 24] GREGG SHORTHAND 10)
up to the time r glad to see ~
by the way { I am of the opinion 0

l
on the market ~ in such a manner
7 p
on the subject kindly let us know~
on the question
~
7 in order to prepare
~
in the matter 6 little or nothing ~
in the market ~ one of the best
hand in hand / in a day or two Lo

that is to say
~
on account of the way
able to say I should like to have ~

more and more I should like to know ~
NoTES: I. To secure facility in execution, split up long phrases and

practice progressively, as, for example, I should, I should like, I should like to
know.
1. .The use of such expressions as in reply to your, f or the time being, in regard
to the matter, etc. is to be discouraged . They are not sanctioned by careful
wri ters of English . Nevertheless they are still widely in use in business
correspondence, and to prepare students for the kind of dictation they will
receive, ic is necessary to draw attention to these phrases.
190. R E AD I N G A N D D I CT AT I 0 N P R A CT I CE
/ 1 / (/ 1- /~ ' ~ __ _ _ _ _,
cf' c._/,~ "] ,0 ~ ~Y.J'
~~~o/~u?~ ,
-!JG-rf~~ J , / . r
;:_ y/ (' ~ ;; y- '-/~
y--- _/_ ~ ~/ ~. r] //
.2 - c?--/ ~ _;) . ~ (/ .2- --v
~C '-;?~~rr(uU
~.,.,- ~ ' r-9~ t~r-=-
.!_____
oJ
v u ~ ,
<{__/ __/ - - /
~ / r ·A> -----.
r-- ~
7
/c ~~y--_/
-191. WRITING PRACTICE
1. We feel that the extension of the project will

not in any way affect the operating costs.
2. The demand for the compound is beyond our
power to handle, as the supply of raw products is very
limited.
3· I admit that we must admire the way in which
he managed his company through a desperate period
in its history.
4 We shall attempt to adjust the price of the product
to the figure you name, but it is evident that the existing
cost of raw.-products will make this very difficult.
s. Just how the act will affect the sales is hard to
predict, but I am almost sure that an adjustment is
necessary. The worst feature of the arrangement for
the extension of the coast line is that it will greatly re-
duce, if not exhaust, our present surplus.
6. It is evident from your latest request that you are
against the extension of the bond issue, but it is hoped
that as a student of finance you will realize that the ex-
tension of our operating capital is consistent with
modern methods.
7- Stocks and bonds are the two forms of investment
most ofteri chosen by the young man or young woman
who has heeded the saying we have all heard nearly
every day since we were born, that is, "The wise man
spends less than he receives."
8. Therefore, when you are ready to start investing,
it is much the best plan to rely on an investment bank
to recommend the type of investment exactly suited
to your needs. It will save you a lot of worry and will
cost you nothing.
CHAPTER IX
UNIT 25
THE ABBREVIATING PRINCIPLE
192. The application of the abbreviating principle dis-

cussed in Chapter I, paragraph 2 3, many illustrations
of which previously have been given, is" more or less
flexible and depends to a large extent upon the famili-
arity of the writer with the words and subject matter
in the dictation. Note how the principle is applied in
the following illustration:
It 1s possible that the success of the magaztne may
{ D
make it necessary to change the policy of the assoctatton
----z:::7' /
-:I
r
1Philadelphia G v-
at the next meeting In somenme 10 January.
/ ~ /· ~ ~
~ c/,~
Have you a memorandum of their financial standing?
)
The
r r: february
-=-
number will
ro8
contam an
7
original story.
The abbreviating princi pie is not employed when ad-

vantage may be taken of analogical or definite word-
building rules, and it should . not be employed when
easily written word "forms are possible without it. A
go?d ~ule to apply to any word is: When in doubt,
wrtte tt out.
193. Short Words. In a small but useful group of
common words-many illustrations of which have
been given throughout this manual in "Brief Forms
for Common W ords"- the form stops with a diph-
thong or a strong! y accented vowel:
arri(ve) Q_§) lou( d) '-----G/' li(ght) <..__..9
deri(ve) ~ sou(th) c:r pri(vate) 6

enga(ge) ~ poo(r) ~ glo(ry) ~
stri(ke) ~ pu(re) / invi(te) ~
gra(de) ~ cu( re) ~ provi(de) 2

tra(de) ~ pecu(liar) ~ procee(d) ~
dou(bt) / confu(se) deci(de) ~
?
crow( d) ------0' excu(se) :1--;r preva(il)
5
prou(d)
stoo(d)
Cv
~
refu( se)
beca(me) z
repe(at)
opera(te)
'\
{p
110 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IX
194. Long Words. An analysis of hundreds of words

shows that the abbreviations of long words fall into
three classes, from which the following rules have
been established :
195. If there is a longhand abbreviation, it is gener-
ally used, if it furnishes a distinctive outline, as in the
words amount (amt.), April ( Apr.), balance (bal.), memo-
randum (memo.):
amount ~ R.R.
(amt.)
balance
(bal .)
L '
O.K. ~
~ (
boulevard free on board
( blvd.) (f.o. b.)
discount paid (pd.) ~
(dis .)
magaz1ne ~ Street* (St.)
(mag.)
England horse power (
--
o--_
(Eng.) (h.p.)
memorandum* U.S.
~
-c:--'
(memo.)
post office ~ U.S.A.
(P.O.) ~
etuivalent ultimo /
equiv.)
America 0
? etc.
(ult.)
~
(Am .)
*Memoranda is written mema; street is written st only with a street name
otherwise str.
Unit 25] GREGG SHORTHAND III
196. Write through the accented syllable if the out-

line is distinctive. Illustrations: abbrev for abbreviate;
!ttng for ltnzguc-tge; el(,~b for elaborate, etc.:
a uthent(ic) / I eng( th)
cap(able) lib( erty)
~
(
certif( icate) T7 mater(ial)
conven(ience), of( fer) )

conven(i<.:nt)
coop(erate)
2 orig(inal)
cus(tom)
/(
~
---J;1 pleas(ant) L
depos(it) pop(ular)
f
devel(op) ~ pol( icy) ~
/(
t
du p( licate) prej( udice)
estab(lish)
fi nan( cial) k
r prin(ci pie),
pri n(ci pa I)
rel(ative) c..Z__-.--
ill us( tration ), <L----:.7 priv( ilege)
t
i IIus( rrarc)
trav( el)
in1ag(i nation),
imag( ine)
lang( uage)
7
~ un( ion) p1-
112. GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IX
"?__
.
UNIT 26
THE ABBREVIATING PRINCIPLE
(Continued)
198. Write through the consonant following the

accented syllable, if writing through the accented
syllable does not give a sufficiently distinctive form.
To illustrate, writing ab for the word absent would
not be sufficiently distinctive, but by writing abs, the
word is immediately suggested. In context, at would
not suggest attitude or attribute, but atit and atrib
would furnish perfectly legible forms:
abs(ent), ( essential
abs(ence)
abso(lute)
accom p(lish)
r (esensh)
freq(uent)
indic(ate) ~
0(
apprectate,
-tion (appresh)
c journ(al) J
associa( tion)
(asosh)
1 loc(al) ~
attit(ude) / splend(id) (__y_/

benef(it)
cane(el)
~ reci pr(ocate)
num(erous)
c
~ ---z)L---
corp(oration)
(
ordin(ary) /
enthus(iasm) _fl spec(ify) ?
GE.EGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IX
perman( entJ simil( ar)
promin(entJ 'social
( sosh)
pract(ice) tit(le)
rend(er) tot(al)
separ(ate) terri t( ory)
OMIS~ION OF VOWEL BEFORE "SHUN"
199. Th~ vowel is omitted in the terminations titian,

tation, ditio•n, dation, nition, nation, mission, mation:
repet1tton consolidation
..
com pettttCPn commtsston
Statton information
.
quotauon permtsston
notatton tnttmatton
edition definition
addition combination
condition recognttlon
foundation destination
200. R E A D I N G .A N D D I C T A T I 0 N P RACT I CE
UNIT 27
COMPOUND WORDS
201. A number of compounds may be obtained by

joining brief forms :
any:
be :
ever-y:
here:
there:
where:
soever:
some: 2 0
with :
202. KEY TO COMPOUND WORDS
,my: anybody, anyone, anywhere, anyhow, anyway.
h(: before, beforehand, behindhand, belong, beside, besides.
(V(r-y: whatever, whenever, whichever, however, _\."'hoever, everybody,
everyone, everywhere.
h(rt: hereafter, herein, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereon, hereto, hereto-
fore , hereunto, herewith:
ther(: there~fter, therein, therefore, therefrom, thereon, thereto, there-
upon, therewith.
Unit 27] GREGG SHORTHAND I 17
where: whereabouts, whereas, wherever, wherefore, wherein, whereof,

whereon, elsewhere.
soever: whatsoever, wheresoever, whensoever, whosoever, whomsoever.
some: somebody, somehow, someone, sometime, somewhat, somewhere.
with: within, withstand, forthwith, notwithstanding.
NoTE: Slight modifications or omissions are made in the forms for any-
where, anyhow, herein~tfter, herewith, however, sometime, som8where, and the com-
pounds beginning with every. These should receive special attention. The
form for tlotwithstandin~ is not-with-s.
203. I R REGULAR C 0 M P 0 UN D S
meanwhile otherwise thanksgiving

___c;::;>
r-v---o.
FIGURES, ETC.
204. After numerals the word dollars is expressed by

d; hundred by n placed under the numeral; thousand by
th; million by m placed on the line close to the numeral;
billion by b; pounds (weight or money) by p; gallons by
g; barrels by br; bushels by bsh; feet by f; francs by fr;
twt. by nw; oJclock by o placed over the numeral:
$s .~ . s,ooo .?
r s,ooo,ooo* ;r-
soo* ~ $s,ooo p $5,900,000 s_/
$soo v c)_
soo,ooo =r- 5 lbs. (or £5)
?
*The sign for hundred is placed beneath the figure to distinguish it posi-
tively from million, which is written beside the figure.
118 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap.· IX
s- s o'clock 5"'(/
sao lbs.
(or £soo) (
y
s barrels
t ~
~5
£s,ooo s bushels sao feet
;J
~ ~
£soo,ooo s feet s francs
s gallons ~ s cwt. ~ sao francs s-

~ --::>
z_
205. The above signs may be used after the article a
and such words as per, few, several:
a dollar J
a _pound
a million a thousand dollars
a gallon few thousand dollars
per hundred c a hundred thousand
206. Cents when preceded by dollars may be expressed

by writing the figures representing them very small and
above the numerals for the dollars; when not preceded
by dollars, the sign for s is placed above the figures.
Per cent is expressed by s written below the figures;
per cent per annum by adding n to per cent.
$8.)0 five cents ti ve per cenr five per cenr per annum
rso

208. W R I T I N G P RACT I CE
I. A few thousand dollars will be needed to begin the

repairs on the bridge at Omaha. It is estimated that the
total cost will be about $so,ooo.
2. Owing to the strike, the goods are coming through
in very poor condition, and many of the shipments
must be refused.
3· A trial of the peculiar device showed that it was
not capable of developing even approximately the
power claimed for it. .
4 We are anxious to be invited to the private view of
this new establishment, and especially of its elaborate ·
and~onspicuously) beautiful decorations.
5. We are somew hat accustomed to abbreviating
words in· writing the English language in longhand.
This expedient is especially applicable and convenient in
writing rapidly. The principle is capable of great de-
velopment and offers a ready me.ans of providing easy
forms for many long words that would otherwise require
more elaborate and ~onsequentl~ less ~uent butlines.
6. In the Post Office Guide it is suggested that in ad-
dressing Cenvelopes )the name of the state, written on a
line by itself, is more convenient in handling the mail.
7· A peculiar situation has larisen\; that is likely to
[prej_udi~elthe development and policy of this financial
lnstltUtlOO.
8. The . Reverend Mr. Smith took. a (conspicuously
Ibenevolent attitude toward a policy that was not likely
to be successful. .
9· A regular feature of the establishn1ent was the(in-
auguratio9 of a fashion show each month.
CHAPTER X
UNIT 28
AN A L 0 G I CAL W 0 R D-B E GINNING S- D I SJ 0 IN ED
209. Certain prefixes or letters are disjoined to ex-

press tr and a following vowel. The prefix is placed
above the line, very close to the remainder of the word:
centr-, center
contr-, counter
constr- ~~~ ..~"Y

/ 0/ /
f' 1
deer-, deter
discr-, destr- <~~

~ Q.___.---' Q._____../
dectr-, ~ '-----:/' <._____P
(or electric)
e.Xtr-, exter,
(or excl-)
.. . . ~:___~/9 7
i'ncr-, inter, ' _; - -~.

.J -/ -r L ~I
corer, (or intel)
Instr- _
--r
_.,.(
--r
~
retr- (7~
rescr-
122.: GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. X
210. K E Y T 0 AN A L 0 G I C A L W 0 R D-B E G I N N I N G S
r. central, center, centralize, centralization, centrifugal.

2.. . conrra~t, contrary, control, contribute, contrast, counterpart, count~r-
stgn.
3. construct, construction, constrain, constraint, construe, construed.
4· detriment, detrimental, deteriorate, detract, detraction.
5. destroy, distribute, distribution, distract, distraction.
6. electric, electrical, electrolysis, electric light.
7 · extra , extreme, extraordinary, exterior, extricate, exd~sive, exclama-
tiOn .
8. interest, interesting, enter, entered, entertain, interfere, introduce,
intelligence.
9· instruct, instruction, instrument, instruments, instrumental.
10. retreat , retract , retraction, retribution, retrieve, retrogression .
1 I. ·restrain, restraint, restrict, restriction.
211. In forming the derivatives of words ending in ct,

as in contract, it is not necessary to disjoin to express ed,<
or, er, or ive. The t is omitted in the primitive fortrr~
(under the r1:1les given in Chapter VIII), and also tn·
its derivatives:
~ --c
contracted ,......-v instructed ____.,/
......----. -r
contractor ~ instructor ...--...--'
~ . . -r
constructed ,..--/ 1nstruct1 ve
constructor ~
--- extracted
2 .:---/ .
<....--(
~
constructt ve. restnct1 ve
/ /
detracted affected ~
~
acuve defective
effected ~ detected
effective
? detective //
A N A L () (;..t-t A L W 0 R D - B E G I N N I N G S-C 0 M P 0 U N D S
212. Some very useful forms are obtained by joining

simple syllable characters, such ·as in, un, dis, re, non, to
the signs for disjoined word-beginnings:
uncontrolled ___,~
redistribute ~
unrestrained ~ disinterested r -Y
. . --. J-
un1oterest1ng
uninstructed
;>
------r .
indestructible
inextricable
;:_
~
concentration
~
I eccentnc
2-
~
7
~
l---?
reconstrucuon m1s1nterpret ,(
~
2 r 3. R EAD I N G AN D D ICT AT I0 N P R ACT I CE
,1" !J
---v 0 ~ ,- -r
~
~ .d/ tO' ~
oz.-/ / /
~ ~
/ /
----? c -c.--
7 ~ ~>
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. X
UNIT 29
214. AN A LOGICAL WORD-BEGINNING S-Ol SJO I NED
(Co n t i n u e d)
agr-
aggr-
. ... rv-~tj)q;~~
ant- o( ~ o_,---- ~
decl- <:; ~ 0 ~ ./ 7
incl-
y 0 '; v ~ ;J .____./
magn- / -
(llt' Me)
- --::>
multi
(/ C/ v t:/
~
(/
over .... ~ ~ ~ ~
( ~(
~
( (
para* ~ ~ / <----;/
~
I ~
~
post* { <..__---- c:.>
(. c:>
c._.P ..__p t_.P

red- L-9
~ ..)
self, circu,
cucum
grand
*The prefix para is written above the rest of the word; post is written on
the line close before the following character.
126 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. X
short,
ship
. .I . .
I
\.._../
I
~~Yt~ /
super, ;;; ~ //~b(y
supre
f
susp-,
suscep
trans
under
215 . KEY T0 AN A L 0 G I CAL W 0 R D-B E GINNING S
1. agree, agreeable, agreemenr , agriculrure, aggravate, aggressive, dis-

agree, disagreeable.
2.. anricipate, anticipation, antagonize, antecedent, anterior.
3. declare, declaration, decline, declined~ declaim, declamation.

4· include, incline, inclination, inclined, inclusion, inclusive, inclement.
5· magnify, magnitude, magnificent, magnet, M~Neil.
6. multitude, multiple, multiply, multiplication .
7· over, overlook, overtake, overcoat, overthrow, overcome.
8. paragraph, parallel, paramount, paradise, paralysis, parasite.
9· postage, postal, postmaster, postpone, postman.
10. recline, reclined, reclaim, reclamation, recluse.
1 r . selfish, self-confident, self-control , circular, circulation, circumstances,

CirCUS .
12.. grand, grandson, granddaughter, grandmother, grandfather.
13 . short, shorter, shorten, shortage, shortly, shortsighted, shipshape,

shipwreck, shipyard.
14. superintend, superior, supervise, support, supreme, supremacy, superb,
supersede.
•5. suspe€~ , suspected, suspicious, suspicion, susceptible, suspend, sus-
pense, suspension.
16. transact, transacted, transaction, transfer, translation, transport,
transfix.
17. under, understanding, underrake, understood, underneath, underline,
underwtite.
.,..
U~it 29] GREGG SHORTHAND 127
216. AN ALO 'G I CAL WORD-BEGINNINGS-COM P 0 UN DS
(Continued)
self-interest
C-
J disinclined 0
-c ~
unselfish I • disinclination 7
unparalleled
(
~/ self-con tradic ti on ~
7
unsuspected ~ unsuscepti ble ·
self-control
~
~ untransacted
0
c:;?Y
unsusp1c1ous -; unrestricted
~
,---/

12.8 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. X
r------- 0
~/< ,?j/<L-----'
r
~ / ~<.JYr/ /)
/ ( ;:·u _., ~ ~ ~ o /
ro Y/' ~Pj/~
r ~ / h p-1";) r / ~
CF ~ (~ --:!
-
: >
UNIT 30
PHRASING PRINCIPLES
218. The words misunderstand and misunderstood are

expressed by stand· and stood placed under mis, with mis
placed on the line of writing. This rule is extended to
the words understand and understood when they are pre-
ceded by a pronoun, a brief form, or a short phrase form :
misunderstand
;-- I understand y
misunderstood
~
7 I do not understand Or
I understood · 0 I cannot understand ~r-
~
we understood
~
thoroughly understood r
219. The words extra, enter, over, under, short, center,
counter, agree, grand are expressed by the prefixal forms
placed over the next word:
~
/?
extra discount under consideration ---]
enter the r- extra fare c2_

.
enter tnto ~ short time y
(/
~
over the ,- center line ~
under any ~
--= agree with yo:u f?,

220. The word done is expressed by the den blend in .

many phrases:
have done will be done
has been done would be done
has done should be done
221. In many phrases the word than is expressed by n .
quicker than ~ rather than
better than nearer than
sooner than greater than
222. Many useful business phrases may be secured by

slightly modifying the form for us :
.
gtve us to us
tell us let us
wnte us mail us
223. In many phrases department is expressed by a

disjoined d:
crc:di t department ..--.._P
/ purchasing department ~
shipping department y accounting department c:;:;r-V

/
Unit 30] GREGG SHORTHAND !3 I
224. In a number of phrases the word forms are

modified or a word is omitted where the grammatical
construction of the sentence would com pel its restora-
tion when transcribing:
of course whether or not
at once at all events
at any rate to some extent
great deal to a great extent
I always tO such an extent
o·n hand J at the same time
as follows l in other words
whole lot once in a while
one another 1n my optmon
day's sight in the first place
do ·you know as soon as possible
great pleasure as a rna tter of fact
your order on account of

the fact
first class over and over

agatn

226. WRIT IN G P R ACT I CE
I. The supreme test of his intelligent understand-
ing of the transaction was revealed in his superior
statement regarding it.
2. A shortage in the shipment was discovered by
the superintendent, who immediately took the matter
up with his superior.
3· We suspect that the error in judgment was due
entirely to his susceptible and unsuspicious nature, as
well as to his shortsightedness.
4· We shall not overlook his tendency to overcharge
our batteries, something that will be overcome by the
simple expedient of giving the undertaking to McLain.
5· The instructor attempted to restrain his students
from further controversy about the peculiar effects of
electrolysis, to say nothing of the heated discussion
about centrifugal and centripetal forces.
6. His disinterested attitude led to an unparalleled
controversy.
7· Mr. McFadden seemed disinclined to enter into
the agreement owing to the aggressive policy and the
superior air of the gentleman representing the Para-
mount Overcoat Corporation.
8. The transfer of the contract may be.easily effected,
but I am inclined to think that it will be disadvan-
tageous.
9· Both the interior and exterior finishes were
designed by Mr. McLaren, of McLaren, McNamara &
Mcintyre.
1 o. The reconstruction of the dam was resisted by
a multitude of citizens because of the extraordinary
declivity of the adjacent walls of the cliff, which
would necessitate much extra construction.
CHAPTER XI
UNIT 31
227. AN A L 0 G I CAL W 0 R D ·ENDINGS- J 0 IN ED
-scribe, ~ ,1-_, ~~? ~

-scription
-cient 1 -tient,
-c1ency
-pose,
-posmon
-pute,
-putation
-ure, -ture
-ual, -tual
-spect, .
-spectton
-qmre
-pm:
-nSJVC
NoTE : Occasionally a disjoined prefix precedes a joined suffix, as in cir-

mm.rpect, itJtro.rpect, in which case the disjoined sign is written above.
1 34
Unit 31] GREGG SHORTHAND 1 35
-gency
. .
-sure, -Jury, -Jure
-fleet, -flection,
-flict, -fliction
-suJt
-nmenc*
~- :;2- ? -
*The "jog" is omitted in the termination -nment.
228. KEY T 0 AN A L 0 G I C A L W 0 R D- END I N G S
1. subscribe, subscription, describe, description, inscribe, prescription.

2.. ancient, patient, impatient, efficient, efficiency, deficient, .deficiency.
3. compose, composition, propose, proposition, suppose, supposition,
dispose, disposition; oppose, opposition.
4 · repute, reputation, dispute, disputation, compute, computation, im-
pute, amputation.
5. secure, picture, feature, nature, creature, departure.
-6 . actual, mutual, equal, eventual, continual.
7 · inspect, inspection, prospect, prospective, expectauon, ctrcumspect,
introspection .
8. reqmre, inquire, acquire, requirement, acquires.
9· expire, inspire, conspire, transpire, perspire, aspire.
\10. expensive, extensive, comprehensive, offensive, intensive, defensive.
~
. .
II. agency, emergency, extgency, urgency , contingency.
12.. assure, leisure, pressure, measure, treasure, injure.
13 . reflect , reflection , inflict, infliction, conflict, confliction.
14. insult, result, consult, consultation.
15 . assignment , refinement, consignment, adjournment .
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. XI

UNIT 32
ANALOGICAL WORD-ENDINGS-DISJOINED
230. In most of the disjoined word-endings the

vowel preceding the ending is understood, as in
art(i)cle, barn(a)cle, dom(e)stic, cal(a)mity, extr(e)mity,
auth(o)rity, sec(u )rity :
-ical, -icle, (,7',.----.. (____., / ---y _____./'-----~_,
-acle ~ ....----., -----
-ric, -rica!,
'-tically
~ ~U
~V
-------a ------;}
(/
------:;;9
C/
-Iity c~
(____/ ~
L '--------""
if/~
~
-ulate, .J - L 1
{___ (_, ~~ ~
-ulation "" "" 1 "" · 7
-bility
-cay
frr?:r1L
;--y::>
(.J
=' 0 J
2 J
[> / ./
- C/~./.
~
-logy,
-logical
cT--2 ( c:;rc ~ r"'c .;: j_ ~
-ttty
J.__/ -L 7L-/ /->._ ~ [ ~
-fication ~ t~~ ~ /
-ograph-y 4 ))-J} t ~,J ~ {; / ~
-egraph-y ,Jl--5~~~ ~
-gra~,
-gnm
~ C-, /_________, ~~ C__,
-ward,*
-hood
y :Y ~ L-P/ ~-c LJ' p
-ship L ~ ~ ~ o/1 r;/H
/ / I
-mental 2/-~ L_ L {L-

-mtty,
-mty
~_/ ! / €--___/ f2;
-StlC (T c7T ~/ ~ JT
*In the words forward, afterward, upward, backward the suffix IS joined;
in other words, it is disjoined.
231. KEY TO . ANALOGICAL WORD-ENDINGS
I. article, practical, physical, musical, medical, technical.

2.. politic, political, politically, critic, critical, critically.
3. personality, locali ~, form ali cy, facility, utility.
4· formulate, formulation, speculate, speculation, regulate, regulation.
5· possibility, ability, · sensibility, nobility, reliability, adaptability,
visi hili ty.
6. capacity, simplicity, ferocity, tenacity, scarcity, sagacity, electricity.
7. psychology, apology, analogy, physiology, theology, zoology, gene-
alogy, mineralogy.
8. authority , majority, prosperity, security, sincerity, popularity,
minority.
9· classification, specification, modification, notification, qualification,
justification.
10.phonograph, photography, geography, lithography, stenography,
typography, typographic.
II. telegraph, telegrapfly, telegrapher, telegraphic, calligraphy.

12.. telegram, cablegram, radiogram, pilgrim, program.
13 . forward, afterward , upward, backward, reward, boyhood, neighbor-
hood, childhood .
14· friendship, kinship, worship, courtship, hardship, township, part-
nership.
15 . fundamental , ornamental, supplemental , experimental, temperamental.
1 6. calamity, extremity, serenity, di vi ni ty.
q . domestic, artistic, drastic , elastic, fantastic.
;L;;
r __ .v>
r ~L_/
o
> ~ J-2-~
!~~
/> -~:_ ~
UNIT 33
INITIALS
233. As there is no context to initials, accuracy in

wr_iting them is of prime im porta nee:
A 0 H 0 {/ v )
9
""'
?
-/
B
'l
I C}
~
p (
"/'
w rJ
9
c t:l
/,/
J I.1/
Q ~
-:;.
X ")
9
D / "/'
K ....----..
..;..
R L.--"
-::-
y rJ
-'/
E 0
'l
L ~
-;::..
s .)
..;..
z }......._
~
F ) M __;....-.. T /
~ 'l
'l
G ~
-~
N - 9
u tJ'
q
234. Many writers prefer to write initials in long-

hand, and if this is done, a great saving in time may be
effected by writing them in small letters and joining
the letters, thus:
A. B. Smith C. D. Brown E. F. Jones

GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. Xl
INTERSECTION
· 235. The expedient known as intersection, or the

writing of one character through another, is sometimes
useful for special phrases. In applying this expedient
the writer must rely very largely upon his own judg-
ment. In his daily work as stenographer or reporter
he may find some terms peculiar to the business in
which he is engaged occurring so frequently that
special forms may be adopted for them that will be brief ·
and yet absolutely distinctive. Very often the writing of
one character through another will meet the exigency.
· The following are useful exam pies:
A.D. Associated Press
A . M. -e- Democratic party
P. M. +- Republican parry
C. 0 . D . ~ political party
price list ~ Baltimore & Ohio

(B. & 0.)
lise price New York Central
vtce versa Michigan Central >'
bank draft Illinois Central
order blank
1 endowment policy
236. READING· AND DICTA T I 0 N PRACTICE
/~J-7r0/~~~--
/ ) (_~/ ~' tJ•_, )~
/7 (},}l../o7C")~
9~~. c~. ~../
r 71 ·"' /;> ~.A
~-7 c?'c .
u ·--z;r- ~ fl ~
c.---/ r
L r-'Yv-~7/<2....--'o
"(q/~ !z r/ 9 o/
/)(~fl ' ) ' i J
-Ty (~ r6) ( /"a u' Y-:
~71)(~/?7)
L ~ :a ( /'/ - ~ / ) cr-7<J
"'~"9/~ ,7?...__/
J~·/) ~ / ~ r- G
r ,_---, ) / I"" L t_/ c:r, .1
Unit 33] _ GREGG SHORTHAND
1. It transpired that he did not aspire to the office
himself but was conspiring to overthrow the incumbent.
2. Intensive study of the actual conditions of the
conflict ought to make it possible to prevent the re-
currence of this emergency.
3· Without a considerable body of experimental
data it is impossible to formulate physiological rules
with reliability.
4 In the extremity, the suh11_mity and nobility of
his character were revealed with inspiring clarity.
5· The floods were a national calamity . in which
thousands were injured, to say nothin-g of the financial
losses inflicted on all the people in that territory.
6. It will probably require the services of many
stenographers ·to answer all the inquiries about the
branches of this extensive business, and I myself shall
take care of those of great urgency.
7· One. of the finest things a teacher can do is to
inspire the student to make proper use of his leisure
time, to give some time to reflection and thought.
8. N ability of thought, adaptability of ideas, and
generosity of nature- these are the fundamental requi-
sites for those who would have the real rewards of life.
9· His phraseology seems to call for an apology on
his part; the other members of the partnership were not
backward in sending him a notification to that effect.
Io. He employed all his great ability in writing an
interesting article on the politics of this locality. As
he wrote with authority, and had every justification
for what he said, his article had a certain degree of
popularity with the majority.
CHAPTER XII
UNIT 34
STATES AND TERRITORIES
238. The abbreviations used in the following list

are those adopted by the Post Office Department:
Ala. o__p Hawaii ;y Minn.
Alaska a___-e-, Idaho / Miss. I

p
Ariz. ~ Ill. <l___.-../ Mo. v
Ark. Ind. __/ Mont. _J
Calif.
Colo.
~ Iowa
Kans.
Nebr.
Nev.
r
/-
~
Conn. ~ Ky. N.H. .

Del. ~ La. N . J.
D . C. ~ Maine c> N . Mex.

I
Fla. (___o Md. _/ N . Y.
Ga. / Mass. N.C. ....---Q_.;
Guam~ Mich. 7 N. ·Dak. _/'

Ohio R.I. ~ Vt. )

Okla. ~ s. c. ~ Va. )
Oreg. c:.-P S.Dak. / Wash. t
Pa. 6 Tenn. r- W.Va. )
P. I. (b Tex. Wis. h
P. R·. ~ Utah Wyo. ?
'
PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES
239. The following names of cities are arranged in

the order of their population:
New York Boston (
~
Chicago /1 Pittsburgh
Philadelphia oLP San Francisco
Los Angeles
Detroit
/
J
Buffalo
Washington
J'1
Cleveland Milwaukee
~
St. Louis ~ Newark
Baltimore c Minneapolis
GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. XII
New Orleans ~ Atlanta
Cincinnati Akron c::r-----

{_
Kansas City
---r Birmingham
Seattle ~ Omaha < 0
Indianapolis ~ Dallas ~
)
~
St . Paul San AntOnio c;:::ro
Portland ~ Syracuse ~
Louisville Worcester 7
Jersey City
Rochester
1 Richmond
Memphis
~
7 7 .
~
~
Toledo New Haven
Columbus ~ DaytOn
Denver
r; Norfolk
~
Providence
j Youngstown
r-v--
HoustOn ~ Hartford O;Y
Oakland ~ Ft. Worth )r
Tulsa /<---6 Camden ~

~
Grand Rapids
~
Fall River
);
Oklahoma City ~/ Wilmington oZ___,--(
Bridgeport Cambridge
Miami @ 0 Yonkers
~
e-=-
Long Beach
~r Albany L
Des Moines ( San Diego ~
Springfield
~ New Bedford
~
Flint ~ Lowell ~
Paterson ~ Reading /•
Scranton ~ Duluth ~
Erie Q__..P Elizabeth
?,
Jacksonville Canton
~
Nashville El Paso
~
Trenton Spokane 1;-
Salt Lake City Tacoma ~
240. REA D I N G A N D D I C TAT I 0 N P R A CT ICE
/<__/___/tpl..J~///
<---;;?~ (v-o (2? '/:;/'
rn- / L---- ~ ;; ~ • // "--
Y~v~__//,J~/
cL__) / ~ r / / 7 ~ /
c:r--_ ~ ~ r-; >-P ~ r
~ . r-Y _) / ( C/1' J L____,
~ r ( rf A7'. r / ~ '----'
~ _/ y· ? -----r/ ~
__/, ~ r ;? r - ~ / rz__
~c~_//77> o~·
y 2 } _) {M J / J / /'
,/;7' ~ ~ <_/ /?7 c:___- / ~

) -v ~ (: ------:3 >< > r 'L-- r
/ ~ y ( C?> )
UNIT 35
NAME TERMINATIONS
241. The terminations bttrg, ville, field, port may

generally be expressed by the first lett~r, joined or dis-
joined as convenient; ford, by fd; ington, by a disjoined
tn; and ingham, by a disjoined m:
Harrisburg Da venport
Petersburg Newport
fjcchburg Shreveport
Newburgh Oxford
Danville Rockford
Zanesville Milford
Evansville Kensington
Knoxville Arlington
Pittsfield Birmingham
Plainfield N ottingham
NoTE: A distinction between ton and town is made as follows:
Johnston Johnstown Charleston Charlestown
!r-- t-
242. The names of cities and states often may be

joined:
Buffalo,
N .Y.
St. Paul,
£
-t'____--
St. Louis,
Mo.
Rochester,
Minn.
Boscon,
Mass.
/~
N.Y.
Baltimore,
Md.
6
Detroit, c,P- 7 Memphis,
Mich. Tenn. --:?--
Chicago, /Q_____- Louisville,
Ill.
Denver,
rz___
Ky.
Minneapolis,
~ L/
Colo. Minn. (
0
~
Omaha, Washington,
Nebr. D.C.
"ST~TE OF" JOINED
243. When the words "~tate

of' precede the name
of a state, omit of and join the words, if convenient:
State of N. Y. ~ State of Mass. ~
State of N ebr.
State of Ill .
7
~
State of Pa.
State of La.
t
r----P
State of N. J.
7
y-f
State of Ga.
Y"
!
State of Miss. State of Minn.
244. C A N A D I A N P R 0 V I N C E S A N D C I T I ES
(Including Newfoundland and Labrador) _f
Prince Edward ~ & Edmonton /
Island
Nova Scotia Hamilton
New Brunswick London
Quebec Montreal
Ontario Ottawa
Manitoba Peterboro
Saskatchewan Regina
Alberta St. John
British Columbia Saskatoon
Yukon Toronto
N. W . Territories Vancouver
Labrador Victoria
Newfoundland Windsor
Brantford Winnipeg
Calgary Saint John's

u / ~ <----' -~t ~
~ J, r9 ~ ~ rf
d
__./> - ' ____/] .----------. 7 _/ ----"

/ (> /7 v ~ = -6 - .r-
6 (/ /
~ ,d~,--~=.-/J ~
~~_/~J#,-=~·
.__p ( ) c v ~ t/', ,7 / '
(_ _ ./ ~ ~ -) ~ ~~ t;. -
~ L .J. ~> ~~rO "':
.J / c:-v ?L:J ftf' J t? --P /7 /-.
/h2-v~J~,
-6 _2 J zY X ;> ?j ./ ~$-._
J r:; / ( _,_____. ~ __/ r / c::
/7 r; _/ _,} r: ./
Unit 36] GREGG SHORTHAND 1 SS
UNIT 36
A SHORT VOCABULARY
246. This short vocabulary will be a valuable ad-

dition to the equipment of every shorthand writer.
Though many of these words are not of high fre-
quency, it will be seen at a glance that they are of
sufficient importance to warrant study. Many of them
are written according to the abbreviating principle:
A abst ract L ass1st
accommodation ~· Atlantic
accompany attach
administration attorney
affidavit attract
afraid authoritative
American automobile
application avoid
approval B bankrupt
architect bookkeeper
argument bureau
c Christmas -y corporauon
.,.. (
ctttzen / coupon
7
civil J crop
(
clerk cultivate
commerce cunous
~
----r
commercial D deceive ~
compare
>
c default a
()
comparauve
consequent,
y defendant
democrat ~
consequence ~
conclude ...--.,...--.. designate ~
conclusion .------v; disagreement ~

congress ~ disappoint /
connect discuss ~
/
z
COnspiCUOUS distinct
constttutton
~
distinguish /
conversation
?
disturb
~
Unit 36] GREGG SHORTHAND 1)7
doctrine H headquarters 0
•
E emphasize husband !
energy
7 I inasmuch -r
English
7 Inaugurate ~
7
~
~
entitle f independent,
independence
A
estate y indispensable
~
exchange / institute --:;Y'
execute investigate
exerctsc J JUntOr ~L
F familiar
~ Jury I
fault I L legislate
fortune /- legislation
/
freight & legislative
/
G
fulfill
glorious
~
_/ legislator
legislature
4/
God ------/' likewise
~
rs8 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. XII
literary ~ obstruct {
literature
litigation
~ obvious
occupy,
/
occupatton 7
~--
locate p Pacific
luxury parcel ((____

M manufacture
7
parcial ~
L
merchant passenger
--7
messenger patron
misdemeanor
7
--r- pattern r
mortgage persecute
~
N neglect plaintiff n
negligence practical C-.
negligent
/ practice ~
-----.
~
negonate
~
premmm G
!:~
novelty probability
0 observe
f property
Unit 36] GR.EGG SHORTHAND
prosecute
~ SOCiety /
(
publication subsequent
punctual substitute /---
~
pupil
push
L( succeed
sympathy ~
Q qualify T testim()nial ~
7
R remainder ~ tesumony /
restgnauon text
~
s salesman ~ 0 u una voidable
scarce
secretary ~<._-P v
universal
vanety
~~
signature verdict ~
significant,
significance
vote /
silence &____-- w warehouse ~
specify ( wholesale
•
ca
specific ( wife f
r6o GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. XII

Unit 36] GREGG SHORTHAND I6I
248. W R I T I N G P R ACT ICE
r. Of the 6 I aircraft-production establishments re-

porting to the U.S. Department of Commerce in 192.7,
r s were located in New York; 9 each in California and
Michigan; 4 each in Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio; 3 each
in New Jersey and Pennsylvania; 2. in Maryland and I
each in Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska,
Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.
2.. There were 4,I 34 civilian-owned aircraft, includ-
ing balloons, airplanes, and airships. California led
with more than 6oo; New York second with 387;
Illinois, 350; Michigan, 29I; Texas, 2.6I; Ohio, 23I;
Missouri, 2r6; and Pennsylvania, 212.
3· Air mail is rapidly securing the business that al-
ways goes to the fastest method of transportation.
Illustrative of the difference in transportation time
between train and air-mail planes is the following
schedule: New· York to San Francisco, train 83 hours,
air mail 3 r hours; Chicago to New York, train 20
hours, air mail 9 hours; St. Paul to Dallas, train 37
hours, air mail I 7 hours; Boston to Cleveland, train
r 6 hours, air mail 8 hours; Los Angeles to St. Louis,
train 6o hours, air mail 26 hours.
4· The average rise and fall of tide at the important
American seaports is · as follows: Baltimore, I foot, 2
inches; Boston, 9 feet, 7 inches; Galveston, I foot;
New Orleans, none; New York, 4 feet, s inches; Phila-

delphia, 5 feet, 2 inches; San Francisco, 3 feet, I I
inches; and Washington, D. C., 2 feet, I I inches.
S· The English lady was obliged to abandon her
plan to celebrate Christmas on this side of the Atlantic
with her son, who was a Junior at college.
6. It is obvious that failure to observe the terms of
the mortgage constitutes a default in the agreement.
7· The well-nigh universal and wholesale use of
the automobile has added greatly to the comfort and
luxury of living.
8. The merchant notified his salesmen that all the
goods stored in the warehouse were to be put on sale.
9· Three classes of employees were affected by the
notice- secretaries, bookkeepers, and general clerks.
Io. In consequence of the disagreement between
the plaintiff and his attorney, the jury heard no testi-
mony that day. ·
I I.It was a distinct disappointment to the distin-
guished literary light not to be included on the pro-
gram.
I 2. The messenger made a frantic effort to locate
the parcel conta1n1ng the testimonials regarding the
texts.
INDEX*
A
Abbreviating principle . ... ~ . 23 2 Blends (ContimmJ) ,
illustration of . . ... .. . . . . . 192 25 -tain expressed by ten ...... 155 19
not employed .. ....... ..... 192 25 ted ded Jet . ..... .... · · · · · 26 3
outline based on longhand ten: den: ... ........ . . . . .. . 153 19
abbreviation ....... . .. . 195 25 ten used in preference to ent . 156 19
outline written through, tem dem . .. . .... . ........ 153 19
accented syllable ...... . . 196 25 tern' dern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 166 20
consonant following ac- . xes .' ............ . ...... . . 57 6
cented syllable . .. ..... 198 26 2 1
short words ... .... . . ..... 193 25 23 2
Affix (see Suffix) 29 3
After, af as prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4 34 4
41 4
Alphabet, facing page 1 (see
also Consonants; Vowels) 53 5
60 6
initials ........... . .. 233, 234
Alter-, root form same theugh
pronunciation changes ..... lS3
Angles (see Circles)
:: Brief forms . . ····· .J 69
75
88
95
102
7
8
9
10
11
B 109 12
115 13
Ba"els, expressed by hr .... .. . 204 27 122 14
Billion, expressed by b . . ..... 204 27 130 15
Blends ( see ~:~!Jo Curves, com- 138 16
binations) , 143 17
def,tive .... .. · ·,·· ..... . . . 140 17 150 18
in phrases ( see Phrasing) adding er, or .. . .. . . ...... . 76 8
J·enr, pent . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . 140 17 as prefixes · { 42 4
length of nt, mt, governed · · · · · · ·. · . ·... 61 6
by norm ... .. . .. · . · · .134 16 chart of (see front lining
ld ... ........... . ... . . ·.. . 136 16 pages)
men, mem . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 27 3 derivative drill .... ... . ... 186 23
mt, md . ... . . . . ..... · · · · · .133 16 past tense . ......... ...... 59 6
-nment . .... . ... ........ · · 227 31 ·plurals ( seeS)
not used because of insert-
. vowe1.. . . .. ...... 155 19 Bushels, expressed by bsh . .... 204
1ng 27
nt, nd .. ........... . . . .... 133 16 { 24 2
ses . .................. .. . 52 5 Business abbreviations . . . . . 44 4
modified ... . .. . . .. .. . .. 52 5 · 142 17
*Index of Brief Forms follows the general index.
For prefixes, suffixes, and words used m phrases see under ·'Prefixes,'·
"Suffixes;" and "Phrasing."
INDEX
G P11r. Unit Contractions,

don't . .. .. ...... . ..... . . . 159 19
Canadian provtnces and
n't . .. . .... .. .... ... .... . 149 18
cities .. . . ... ... .... . . . . 244 35
-ct and derivatives, t omitted . 211 28
Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1
CentJ , expressed by s . ... .. ... 206 · 27 Curves ( see also Blends)
circles joined to (see Circles)
Circles (see also Reversing combinations,
principle; Vowels) brand bl . ..... . . . . ... .. 38 4
at beginning or end, fr and fl . .. ... ..... ... . 39 4
of single curve. . . . . . . . . . 11 1 grand kl ........... .. . . 20 2
of single straight stroke. 12 1 kr and gl . . .. . ... . . . .. . . 19 2
between opposite curves. . . 18 2 pr and pl . .. ..... . .... . . 37 4
between straight strokes in rk and lk . . . .. . ...... . .. 21 2
same direction . . . . . . . . 17 2 s joined to ( see S)
outside angles . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2
s joined to (see S)
Cwt., expressed by nw . . .... . 204 27
similar curves joined with-
out angle . . . . ........ 15 2 D
straight strokes and curves
joined without angle.. 15 2 D (see Insertion, consonants;
Cities, Omission, consonants)
and states phrased .. . ... . . 242 35 Daysofweek .. . .. . , ... . .. , . 137 16
Canadian ... . ..... .. .... . 244
terminations ... .. ... .... . 241
United States ............. 239
35
35
34
Dear Sir, etc . .. t!1 ~
1
r 24 2
Derivatives ( see also Past
Complimentary closings .. . . ~ 44 4
tense; Prefixes; ·Suffixes)
l142 17
alter-, root form same
Compound prefixes (see Pre- though pronunctauon
fixes) changes . .. .. . .. .. .. . . 183 23
Compound suffixes ( see Suf- brief forms ,
fixes) adding er, or. . . . . . . . . . . . 76 8
Compound words . .... .. ... { 2 61 2
~ drill ...... . .. .. .... .... 186
past tense . ... .. ... . . . . . 59
23
6
irregular . . . .... .. .... .. .. 203 27 compounds,
Consonants, after expressed by af in . . 42 4
combinations .. .... ... .. .. 36 4 any , be, ever-y, here, there,
( see ·also Blends; Curves) where, -soever, some,
k, g, r, I, n, m, t , d, h, th . ·.. . 2 1 with ................ . 201 27
ng, nk . .. . .... .... .... . . . . 105 12 every expressed by ev in . . . 42 4
omission of (see Omission) irregular .... ..... .. .. . . 203 27
p, h,j, v, ch,j, sh, s ... . . .. .. 34 4 -ct. : .. ............... . ... 211 28
x and xes . . . ... . ...... ... . 57 6 initial vowel not required
{, distinguished from s . . . . . 47 5 in compound prefixes . 129 15
INDEX
Par. Unit Par. Unit
Derivatives (Continued) Hundredweight, expressed by

-ly, nw ................... . 204 27
after final circle . . . . . . . . . 82 9
i with final ............. 116 13 I
negative forms of words be-
ginning with un-, in-, l (see Vowels, diphthongs)
im- .. .. ......... .. ... 107 12 Ing, expressed by doc at end
plurals (suS) of words......... ... ... 3 1
verbs, present tense singu-
Initials ,
lar ( seeS)
longhand ... ..... .... .. .. 234 33
Diphthongs (see Vowels) shorthand ............... 233 33
Dollars, expressed by d .. .... {i~~ i; Insertion,
consonants,
Don't ....... .......... . . .. . 159 19 d ... . .......... . ....... 179 23
Dot, morn,
a before w or h . ........... 100 11 in com or con followed
h; a, an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 by vowel orr or l . 81 9
indicating medium sound tn comm or conn . . ...... 81 9
of vowel........... .. 8 1 t .... ................. . 176 22
ing at end of words. . . . . . . . 3 1 vowels,
de before k, g . ...... . .... 146 18
instead of using blend ... 155 19
E
pro before upward char-
Every, ev in compounds . . . . . . . 42 4 acter or k . . ........ 128 15
re except before down-
ward characters ... .. 147 18
F
Intersection ......... ...... . 235 33
Feet, expressed by f . ..... .... 204 . 27
. . {122 14
Figures ................ . .. _;g~ Jog, ;; J
indicating omitted vowel .. 125 15
Francs , expressed by fr . . ..... 204 27 omitted in -nmmt ..... . .... 227 31
Joinings (su Circles; Hooks;
G Jog; Reversing principle;
Th; S)
Gallons, expressed by g . ...... 204 27
L
H
Hooks, Ld : . ........ .............. l36 16
0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 65 7 Left motion (see Writing mo-
modified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 7 tion)
00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 10 Line of writing ..... . .. .. ... 48 5
modified ............... 94 · 10 -ly,
w, expressed by .. ....... 97 11 after final circle . . . . . . . . . . . 82 9
Hundred, expressed by n_.. .... 204 27 after final i . ....... . ... . .. 116 13
r66 INDEX
PP. Unit
M PP. u,;, Omission (ContinueJ)
Million, expressed by m . . .... 204 27 vowels (continueJ)
Money (sa Figures) baggage distinguished from
package . . ... . . . . .. . 170 21
Months ..... ...... .. ....... 137 16
moun . . ................... . 125 IS
circle, from diphthong u .121 14
e, t before nt, mt blends .. 134 16
in phrasing (see Phrasing)
N in -tition, etc .. ......... . 199 26
indicated by jog between
Negative forms, words be- horizontal straight
ginning with un-, in-, im-.107 12 strokes . ........... 125 IS
ng, nk ... .. ... .... . . . . .... 105 12 initial, in compound
-nment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 31 prefixes . ... . ..... . . 129 15
Numerals (see Figures) mmor of two consecu-
tive .... .. ..... .... 121 14
obscure or neutral . . . . . . . 16 2
0
-sume ... . ............. . 126 15
0-Hook (see Hooks) -tain . . ......... . ....... 155 19
o·clock, expressed by 0 . . .. . . . . 204 27
u and ow before n and m. 124 15
Omission,
u before straight down-
strokes .... .. ...... 124 15
consonants (see also Inser- words (see Phrasing)
tion, consonants)
d,
DO-Hook (see Hooks)
immediately preceding -or, expressed by re.versed
m or v .. .. . .... ... 180 23 circle ..... _- . .... . ..... { ~~ 8
8
when slightly enunci-
ated . . .. ...... . .. 178 23
10 phrasing (see Phras-
ing) p
r ( see also Reversing
principle)
t,
in ar, er, or, ir . ........ 165 20 Past tense . ..... ... . . . . .. .. { 1 ~~ 2~
-ct , .. ... ... . ............ . 211 28
after k, p, den . ... ..... 175 22 ld .... . ..... .. ..... .. . .. . 136 16
after s . ..... ... . . .... 174 22
Per cent, expressed by s . .... . 206 27
-ct, and derivatives ... . 211 28
-tern, -dern expressed by Per cent per annum, expressed
ten .... . .. . ... .. . 166 20 by sn ... . . .. ... ... . . .. . 206 27
-ther expressed by th ..... 16~ 20 Phrasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1
worth expressed by uth . . .. 167 20 ablt, after be or been, ex-
-worthy expressed tht . ... . 167 20 pressed by a . . . . . . . . . . 86 9
vowels (see also Insertion, admire, advise, advice, ad-
Vowels) vance . .... . . . .. .. . ... 181 23
a in admire, advise, as, when repeated, ex-
advice, advance . ....... 181 23 pressed by s . ......... 85 9
avoid, assist, energy . .... . . 246 36 been after have, has, had ... 43 4
INDEX
Par. Unit Par. Unit
Phrasing (Continued) Phrasing (Continued)

blended phrases ........... 157 19 word modification, ago,
do not following pronoun.lS8 19 ear~y, few, him, hope,
don't distinguished so"y, want, sr.tre, pos-
from ............ 159 19 sible . ................ 171 21
done expressed by den . .... 220 30 Plurals (see S)
not following was, iJ ..... 149 18 Pounds, expressed by p ....... 204 27
contraction n't ...... .. 149 18 Prefixes,
chart of (see back lining after expressed by af. . . . . . . 42
pages) 4
agr-, ant-, decl-, incl-, magn-,
cities and states ........... 242 35
Me- , multi-, over-, para- '
complimentary closings ( 14 2
post-, reel-, self-, circu-,
and salutations .... ~ 44 4 circum-, grand- , short-,
l142 17 ship-, super-, susp-,
department expressed by d
suscep-, trans-, und"- . . 214 29
disjoined .... . ....... 223 30
be-, de-, re-, dis-, mis- . ..... 145 18
general principles ......... 30 3
de before k, g . ...... ... .. 146 18
had following a pronoun ... 148 18
re before a downward
in figures ................{~g~ ~~ character ...... .. .. 147 18
intersection .............. 235 33
long phrases, acquiring fa-
briefforms as ........... . { :i 4
6
cility in writing ...... 189 24 con-, com-, coun-, cog- ex-
misunderstand, misunder- pressed by k. . . . . . . . . . 80 9
stood . ................. 218 30 comm, conn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 9
not, con, com followed by
do not following pronoun.1S8 19 vowel or by r or l ... 81 9
don't distinguished
deri vati ves,
from ............. . 159 19 . . . d f 212 28
compound dlSJOlne . .. . l 216 29
following was, is . ... ... . 149 18
initial vowel not re-
contraction n't ...... .. 149 18
quired ............. 129 15
omission, unimportant compound joined ....... 129 15
words . . ......... . .. . 189 24 initial vowel not re-
prefixal phrases ........... 219 30 quired ....... ...... 129 15
special phrase forms . . ..... 224 30 en-, in-, un-; em-, im- ; ex- . . 106 12
state of, joined .. . ......... 243 35 for-, fore-, fur- ............. 170 21
than expressed by n . ...... 221 30 angle before r or l . ...... 170 21
they, someomes expressed disjoined before vowel .. . 170 21
by th ... ........ ....... 23 2 negative forms of words be-
ginning with un-, tn-,
to expressed by t, before ( 32
downstroke . .. . .... . . ·t~~
3
~ im- . . .... . . .. . . . .... . 107 12
over-, also brief form ....... 41 4
before o, r, l. . . . . . . . . . . . 84 9 per, pro, pur . .. .. . ..... .. . . 127 IS
understand, understood . ... .. 218 30 o inserted before upward
us expressed by s ..... .. ... 222 30 character or k . ...... 128 15
r68 INDEX
Par. Unit Par. Unit
Prefixes (Continued) Reversing principle (Continued)

tr group~centr-, contr-,constr-, -ly after final reversed circle. 82 9
detr- , distr-, electr-, extr-, s,
intr-, intel-, instr-, retr-, added to final reversed
restr- . ............... 209 28 circle .............. 74 8
ul-, al-, sub- . ............ . 183 23 in ser, sar . .. ............ 164 20
alter, root form same thin ther, thir . . ...... .. ... 164 20
though pronunCiation Right mouon (see Writing
motion)
changes ............ . . 183 23
suh-,
disjoined before circle .185 23 s
followed by r, l, ch, j S . ..... ·....·............. .. { ~ ~
or a hook .......... 184 23
added tO final reversed circle 74 8
under-, also brief form. . . . . . 53 5
-city .............. . ...... 230 32
used as words .. ........... 219 30 combination us . ......... . 93 10
Provinces, Canadian ......... 244 35 distinguished from z... .... 47 5
Punctuation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 in phrases (see Phrasing)
-ings, disjo~ned ... . .... . .. . 106 12
initial, followed by con-
R sonant ...... . .. .. .... 48 5
R, JOlntngs,
omtsswn (see Omission, between strokes, before
consonants) or after circles . . . . . . 51 5
reversing principle (see Re- between stro kes, with-
versing principle) out a circle. . . . . . . . . 51 5
Reading and dictation prac- i ni tia] and final,
uce (see final page of before and after p, h,
each unit) r, l; after t, d, n, m,
Reversin'g principle, o; all other cases. . 49 5
adding er, or tO brief form intervening circle does
after straight stroke. . . 76 8 not change motion 49 5
before and after straight modified for x . ......... . . 57 6
strokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 8 plurals,
between downward char- added . tO final reversed
acter and forward circle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 8
straight stroke ........ 161 20 brief forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5
between horizontal and up- ending in circle . . . . . . . 83 9
ward stroke ... . .... . . 163 20 ending ins . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5
between straight strokes in final loop ....... . .. . .. . 83 9
same direction. . . . . . . . 71 8 reversed before straight line
circle for vowel sound in ur. 72 8 in ser, sar ... ..... . .... 164 20
circle placed above next self- , circu-, circum- . . ...... . 214 29
stroke following p, b . . 161 20 -self joined . .. . . . ....... . . 170 21
INDEX
Par. Unit Par. Unit
S (Continued) Suffixes (Continued)

)2
HS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ) tion, -ure, -ture, -ual,
modified ............... )2 ) -tual, -spect, -spection,
sub~, -qutre, - pire, -nstve,
disjoined ............... 185 23 -genc_y, -sure, -jure, -fleet,
joined ................. 183 23 -flection, -sult, -nment . . 227 31
wri teen contrary to rule . 184 23 -sume expressed by sm . .... 126 15
sw and a circle . . . . . . . . . . . 99 11 -tain expressed by blend ... 155 19
used with figures ......... 206 27 -tern, -dern . ... . ........... 166 20
xes ...................... 57 6 -ther expressed th . ......... 168 20
( 24 2 -thing expressed by dot . . . . 54 )
Salutations ................ ~ 44 4 -tion expressed by sh. . . . . . . 58 6
'li42 17 -titian, etc., vowel
States and territories ........ 238 34 omitted ........... 199 26
cities and, phrased ........ 242 35 -ward joined ......... .. ... 230 32
state of phrased ........... 243 35 -worth and -worthy . ........ 167 20
Straight strokes,
.circles joined to (see Circles)
s joined to (see S) T
Sub- (seeS)
Suffixes, T (see Insertion, consonants;
-burg, -ville, -field, -port, -ford, Omission, consonants)
-ington, -ingham, -ton, Th ............ . .. . ........ 2 1
-town, in proper names. 241 35 as only consonant stroke
-ful, -ify, -self, '-selves, -age, or with s only ........ 79 9
-ture . .......... . ..... 170 21 expressed by curved t . . . . . . 22 2
baggage distinguished joined coo, r, l . .. . ........ 78 9
from package .. ...... 170 21 reversed before straight line
-ical, -tic, -tical, -tically, in ther, thir . .......... 164 20
-lity, -ulate, -ulation, -ther expressed by .. ·....... 168 20
-bili~y, -city, -logy, -worth expressed by uth ... : 167 20
-logical, -rity, -ji.cation, -worthy expressed by thl . ... 167 20
-ograph-y, -egraph-y, Thousand, expressed by th . ... 204 27
-gram, -grtm, -hood, Tr principle ... . .. . ... . ..... 209 28
-ward, -ship, -mental,
-mity, -nity, -stic . ..... 230 32
-ingly, -ings .. ............. 106 12 u
-less, expressed by l . . ..... . 183 · 23
-ly, -ily, -&t!ly, expressed by
circle and loop . . . . . . . . 80 9 Us . .... . ........ .. ........ 93 10
after final circle. . . . . . . . . 82 9
after final i . ............ 116 13
-ment; -ble; -ple (only in
v
words given) ......... 127 15 Vowels,
-scribe, -scription, -cient, a group... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1
-tient, -cun~y, -pose, consecutive, not forming
-position, -pute, -puta- diphthongs . . . ....... liS 14
170 INDEX
Par. Unit Par. u,;,
Vowels (Continued) Vowels (Continued)
diphthongs, .'Y'
t, small circle ..... . ... ... 104 12
and final ly . .......... 116 13 ya, large loop ........ .. 104 12
expressed by large _ye, small loop .. ........ 104 l2
circle .... ....... Hii ~~
w
with any following
vowel ........... 119 14 W (see Vowels)
u, ow, oi, 1. . . .. ......... 112 13 Weights and measures (see
e group .... ...... ....... . 7 1 Figures)
ea ......... . . . ... . . ..... .120 14 Wordsigns (see Brief forms)
1~
'ia ...................... . 120 14 1
insertion of (see Insertion .. . f 1
W nung mouon ........... ~
of)
marking .. .... .......... . 8
0 group (see also Hooks) . . . 65 7
1
Writing practice (see final
1 4
5
omission of (see Omission) page of each chapter)
00 group (see also Hooks). 91 10
w, y
a before w or h ......... 100 ll
expressed by oo hook . ... 97 11 Y (see Vowels)
sw and a circle. . . . . . . . . . 99 11 r 24 2
wh, h sounded first in . . . . 98 11 Yours truly, etc ..... ..... . .. i 44 4
within words .. ..... ... 99 11 ll42 17
INDEX TO BRIEF FORMS
(Numbers refer to units)
A beg, big, 6 D
behind, 13
a, an, 1 date, did, 3
belief, believe, 7
about, 4 between, 6 deal, dear, 8
above, 8 dear, deal, 8
big, beg, 6
accept, acceptance, 11 bill, built, 12 definite, 17
accord, 15 deliver, delivery, 17
body, 11
acknowledge, 16 desire, 2
book, become, 8
acquaint; acquaintance, 18 bound, been, 4 determine, 18
across, 14 did, date, 3
bring, 11
address, 14 · differ, difference, different,
built, bill, 12
advantage, 14 17
business, 5
advertise, 18 but, be, by, 2 difficult, difficulty, 18
after, 4 direct, 15
by, but, be, 2
again, 5 dollar, 14
against, 5 Dr., during, 7
agent, 17 c draft, 16
agree, 9 during, Dr., 7
all, 3 call, 7
can, 1 duty, 11
allow, 16
already, 9 capital, 8
car, correct, 12 . E
also, 6
altogether, 17 care, 10 educate, education, 18
always, 5 carry, 10 effect, l2
am, more, I catalogue, 18 effort, 12
among, 12 cause, because, 5 either, 8
an, a, 1 change, which, 4 else, list, 12
and, end, 2 character, 12 employ, 9
another, 6 charge, 10 enable, 16
answer, 12 children; 8 enclose, 14
any, 3 clear, 10 end, and, 2
appear, 17 collect, 8 enough, 10
appoint, point, 13 come, 3 entire, 16
approximate, 17 committee, 9 envelope, nevertheless, 18
are, our, hour, 1 communicate, communi- especial, expect, 10
arrange, arrangement, 14 cation, 12 ever, 4
ask, 9 company, keep, 8 every, 4
·at, it, 1 complain-t, complete, 9 excel, excellent, excellence,
attention, 16 complete, complain-t, 9 15
aware, where, 3 confidence, confident, 15 except, 15
consider, consideration, 14 expect, especial, 10
B copy, 16 experience, 12 ·
correct, car, 12 explain, 11
bad, bed, 15 express, 9
be, by, but, 2 correspond, correspond-
ence, 15
beauty, 17
because, cause, 5 could, 3 F
become, book, 8 country, 3 fall, follow, 11
bed, bad, 15 course, 7 far, favor, 5
been, bound, 4 cover, 15 favor, far, 5
before, 4 credit, 17 find, 13
172. INDEX TO BRIEF FORMS
first, S K office, 9
floor, flour, 9 official, 9
flour, floor, 9 keep, company, 8 one, won, 4
follow, fall, 11 kind, 13 opinion, 8
for, 4 knowledge, 9 opportunity, 14
force, 10 order, 7
form, from, 4 organize, organization, 15
friend, friend! y, 12 L ocher, 3
from, form, 4 our, are, hour-, 1
full, 10 let, letter, 6 our, how, 13
further, 11 letter, let, 6 over, 4
future, 9 light, 13
list, else, 12
like, 3 p·
G little, 3
long, 12
gave, 6 look, 10 part, 5
general, 7 love, 8 particular, 11
genrlemen, 17 people, 4
girl, glad, 7 perfect, proof, 15
give, given, 6 M person, personal, 15
glad, girl, 7 please, 14
go, good, 1 mail, 14 pleasure, 18
gone, 11 market, Mr., 2 point, appoint, 13
good, go, 1 matter, 5 position, 10
got, 6 merchandise, 18 possible, 7
govern, government, 10 mile, 13 power, 13
great, 2 mistake, mistaken, 17 prepare, 8
more, am, I presence, present, 6
morning, 6 previous, 18
H probable, IS
most, 4
have, 4 move, 17 problem, 15
he, 1 Mr., market, 2 progress, 14
his, is, 2 much, 4 proof, perfect, 15
hour, our, are, 1 must, 5 public, publish, 5
house, whose, 11 my, 3 publish, public, S
how, out, 13 purchase, 10
hundred, 18 purpose, 7
N put, 4
name, 6
I nature, 11
I, 1 Q
necessary, 8
immediate, immediately, 9 never, 4
importance, important, 8. quality, 17
nevertheless, envelope, 18 quantity, 18
improve, improvement, 18 newspaper, inspect, 18
in, not, 1 question, 10
next, 6
inclose, 14 night, 13
individual, 16 not, in, 1
industry, 16 nothing, 6 R
influence, 17 number, 10
inquire, 13 railway, rule, 17
inspect, newspaper, 18 rather, 8
instance, instant, 17 0 real, regard, 8
insure, insurance, 18 receipt, 16
into, 3 object, 14 receive, 7
invoice, 16 oblige, 16 recent, 12
is, his, 2 occasion, 18 record, 18
it,,at, 1 of, 2 refer, reference, 16
INDEX TO BRIEF FORMS 1 73
regard , real, 8 strength, strong, 12 upon , 7
regret, regular, IS strong, strength, 12 use, I3
regular, regret, IS subject, 8 usual , wish, 10
remark, room, 11 success, 15
remember, 10 such, 5
remit, remittance, 16 sufficient, 18 v
reply , 11 suggest, suggestion, 16 value, 9
report, 11 suppose, 11 various, 14
represent, 9 sure, 10 very, 4
require, 13 system, says, 5
respect, respectful, respect-
fully , 14 w
responst, responsible, 17 T want, 7
return, 12 was, 2
right, write, 13 tell' till' 6 weak, week, 9
room, remark, lf than, then, 2 week, weak, 9
rule, railway, 17 thank, 12 well, will, 1
that, 2 went, 7
the, 1
were, 3
their, there, 1 what, 3
s them, 2
when, 3
then, than, 2
where, aware, 3
satisfactory, satisfy, 1) there, their, 1 whether, 11
they; 2
satisfy, satisfactory, IS which, change, 4
says, system, 5 thinf, think, 5 while, 13
school, skill, 10 thin , thing, 5
whose, house, 11
send, 9 this, 2
why, 13
serious, 15 thorough-ly, three, 5
will, well, 1
several, 7 those, 3
wire, 13
sha!l, ship, 4 thousand, 13
wish, usual, 10
three, thorough-ly, 5
ship, shall, 4 with, 2
throughout, 14
should, 4 without, 2
till, tell, 6
side, 13 woman, 6
time, 3
sir, 2 won, one, 4
to, too, two, 2
situation, 7 wonder, 14
skill, school, 10 cofether, 8 word, 11
to d, 7
small,7 work, 5
tomorrow, 17
some, 5 world, 11
too, to, two, 2
soon, 6 would, 1
trust, 14
speak, speech, special, 9 write, right, 13
truth, 3
special, speech, speak, 9 two, too, to, 2
spirit, 17
stand, 15 y
state, 7 yes, 12
still, 6
u yesterday, 8
stock, 16 unable, 16 you, your, 2
stop, 15 under, 5 young, 12
strange, 14 until, 6 your, you, 2
SOME GREGG PUBLICATIONS
SHORTHAND (BASIC BOOKS)
Gregg Shorthand Manual. Gregg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50

Gregg Speed Studies. Gregg. A combined textbook and dictation
course. A companion to the Man ual.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20
Graded Readings in Gregg Shorthand. Hunter. A reading book adapted
to early dictation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Gregg Speed Studies--Graded Readings in Gregg Shorthand, Combined
Edition. Gregg and Hunter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50
Gregg Speed Building. G regg. An advanced text for use upon the
completion of the Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . 1.20
Transcription Drills. Ross. An aid to the teacher of transcription. . . . . 1.20
Rational Dictation. McNamara and Markett. Designed to gi ve the
student practice in the rapid application of the principles to new and
unfamiliar words and phrases......... .. ...... . .... ..... ..... . ... 1.40
Direct-Method Materials for Gregg Shorthand. Brewington and
Sau tter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
SHORTHAND (SUPPLEMENTARY)
Gregg Shorthand Dictionary. Containing the outlines of nearly 17,00)
\vo rds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50
The Gregg Shorthand Phrase Book. Contains about 3,00) useful
phrases. J\ great aid in attaining speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00
Progressive Exercises in Gregg Shorthand. Tests students'. knowledge
of each lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Word and Sentence Drills in Gregg Shorthand. Markett. Contains list
of words. sentences, and letters illustrating' the principles as set forth
in the Manual. A ll in type.. ..... .... . ........................... .60
Dictation for Beginners. Bisbee. Contains sentences and letters based
on the principles of the Manual. Graded by un its inst ead of by chap-
ters. All in type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Five Thousand Most-Used Shorthand Fo,rms. Gregg. Arranged accord-
ing to paragraphs in the Manual .. ... .... . ....... .. ..... ......... .60
Progressive Dictation. \Vilson. Sentences and le tter s graded according
to the thirty-six units of the Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Short Business Letters for Dictation. Gross. Contains 580 short
letters, none of which is over s ixty words in length. All in type . . . . . .60
Intensive Exercises in Shorthand Vocabulary Building. Swem. Twenty
scientifically constructed dictation exercises employing the 1,000
mos t-used words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Fundamental Drills in Gregg Shorthand. Beers and Scott. Sentences,
paragraphs, letters, and articles in shorthand graded according to the
units in the Gr egg Shorthand 1\-fanual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20
SHORTHAND (FOR THE REPORTER)

Gregg Reporting Shortcuts. Gregg. A collection of reporting phrases
and s ho rt cuts compiled fr om the work of expert writers . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
The Stenographic Expert. (Gregg Edition.) Bottome. Adapted to
Gregg Shorth and by J ohn R obert Gregg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
Gregg Medical Shorthand Manual for Stenographers, Secretaries, and
Reporters. Smither. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
SHORTHAND (FOREIGN LANGUAGE ADAPTATIONS)

Gregg Stenografie. (Gregg Shorthand adapted t o Afrikaa ns.) Aucamp
and Scheepers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00
Stenographie Gregg. Setiecal. An entirely new French adaptation of
Gregg Shorthand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50
Luathscribhinn Gregg. (Gregg Shorthand adapted to the Irish lang-
uage.) O'Brien.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00
Taquigrafia Gregg. (Spanish adaptation of Gregg Shorthand.)....... 1.50
German Adaptation of the Gregg Shorthand Manual. Greenberg..... 1.00
Stenografja Polska. (Polish adaptation of Gr~gg Shorthand.) Wid-
zowski ... ...... : .............. .. ........ . .· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00
Tachygraphia Gregg. (Portuguese adaptation of Gregg Shorthand.)
Harter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00
Manuale della Stenografia Gregg. (Italian adaptation of Gregg Short-
hand.) Aldworth and Giorgi. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00
Gregg Shorthand Adapted to Esperanto. Jackson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
SHORTHAND (FOR THE TEACHER)

Teaching Principles and Procedures for Gregg Shorthand. Skene,
Walsh, and Lomax. A methods and source book for the teacher of
Gregg Shorthand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20.
Daily Lesson Plans in Gregg Shorthand. Zinman, Strelsin, and Weitz 1.20
Teaching Gregg Shorthand by the Analytical Method. Frick. A
teacher's methods and source book for elementary shorthand .... ~ . . 2.00
Diagnostic Testing and Remedial Teaching of Gregg Shorthand. Rol-
linson. A presentation of the modern method of testing and an
adaptation to the testing of shorthand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
The Teaching of Shorthand : Some Suggestions to Young Teachers.
Gregg. Contains valuable hints on pedagogy and classroom methods .80
The Teaching of Gregg Shorthand by the Functional Method. Leslie. . 1.20
The Basic Principles of Gregg Shorthand. Gregg. A complete scientific
discussion of the fundamental principles of <fi~gg Shorthand. . . . . . . 1.00
SHORTHAND (READING BOOKS)

Alice in Wonderland. Carroll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Letters of a Self·Made Merchant to His Son. Lorimer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
The Diamond Necklace. de Maupassant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
The Man Without a Country. Hale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
A Christmas Carol. Dickens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
The Great Stone Face. Hawthorne ... .... ..... .... .... ....... .. ... .28
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Irving ............ .. .... :........... .28
Rip Van Winkle. Irving.... .... ...... ... ... ...... ... .... ..... .... .28
Hamlet. As told by Lamb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Creeds of Great Business Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
SECRETARIAL PRACTICE
Applied Secretarial Practice. SoRelle and Gregg. Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.40
Laboratory Materials .... .. ...... ...... .... .... .... , . . . . . . . . . . .60
ENGLISH AND SPELLING

The English of Business, Complete. Hagar, Wilson, Hutchinson, and
Blanchard. Text, $1. Work Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Correlated Studies in Stenography. Lawrence, 'M<;Afee, and Butler.
A correlated course in shorthand. business English·; and correspond-
ence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20
Business Letters: Functions, Principles, Composition. Johns. The case
method of presenta~ion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.40
Words: Their Spelling, Punctuation, Definitior., and Application.
Second revised edition. SoRelle and Kitt.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
TYPEWRITING
Gregg Typing, Techniques and Projects. SoRelle and Smith. A new
series of typing text s featuring th e Rat ional method, introducing
new pedagogi<; procedures.
Gregg Typing, Book I . Completes th e entire cycle of typing theory in
180 periods ..... ...... . . . ....... . . .... . .. ... . . .... . . .. . . . . ... . .. . 1.20
Gregg Typing, Book II The advanced course, containing a second
cycle of a pplied ty ping skill on a h igher level of a~complishme nt . . . 1.20
Gregg Typing, Complete Course. Books .I and II bound under one
cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50
Gregg Typing, College Course. P repared especially for use in private
schools and institut ions of higher learning. . . . .. . . .. . ............. 1.20
Gregg Typing, Intensive Course. A n intensive course for · evening-
school, part-time, and other short vocational courses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00
Junior Rational Typewriting. SoRelle. For junior high school classes.. 1.00
Typewriting Units. Adams. F or non-vocational . classes in j unior high
schools . . . ... . .... . .... ... . ... ·... . .. . ..... . . . . . . .. . ... . .. .. . . . ... 1.00
Rational Typwriting Projects. SoRe lle. One hundred eighty projects
for adva nced t yping classes .. . .... . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. : . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20
Typewriting Speed Studies. Hakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Seven Speed Secrets of Expert Typing. Smit h and Wiese. . . . . . . . . . . . .60
The Technique of Teaching Typewriting, O em. A textbook for stu-
dents training to become teachers of t ypewriting..... . . ... .... .. .. 2.00
Learning to Typewrite. Book. Presents the results of an analysis of
the processes involved in. the learning of typewriting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.40
The Psychology of Skill. Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
COMMERCIAL SUBJECTS
Business Organization and Administration. de H aas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.40
Essentials of Commercial Law, Revised Edition. Whigam, Jones, and
Moody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.40
Business Mathematics-Exercises; Problems, and Tests. Rosen berg .
I n pa d form, 8,0 x lJ inches in size. I n tv.'o parts. Part I , 60 ; Part II, .80
Business Mathematics-Pr inciples and Practice. Rosenberg. . . . . . . . . 1.40
Essentials of Business Mathematics-Principles and P ractice. Rosen berg 1.20
Intensive Bookkeeping and Accounting. Fear on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.80
SALESMANSHIP AND ADVERTISING

Understanding Advertising. Hawley a nd Za bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20
Personality: Studies in Personal Development. Spillman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.34
MISCELLANEOUS
Gregg Spiral Notebook. A perfect notebook. Opens flat at every page.
Covers serve as "copyholder" in transcribing.. " Easy-read" ruling.
The Business Education World. A monthl y magazine for teachers.
Yearly subscription price ... . . .... . .... . . . ........ ... ....... . . . net 1.00
The Gregg Wr1ter. A monthly magazine. Yearly subscription price .. net 1.50
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GREGG SHORTHAND

THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY

Copyrigbted in the United States of America

PRINTED I N THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

*"Basic Writing Vocabulary," Ernest Horn, Ph.D., University of Iowa

*Mr. Schneider is now a member of the official shorthand reporting staff

dictations , Mr. Schneider gave one of the most remarkable demonstration s

*Governor Woodrow Wilson selected Mr. Swem as his official reporter in

1.60 ·words a minute (jury charge)

Principles of the System. Needless tO say, Gregg Shorthand is a radical

Aim to acquire a smooth style of writing; execute each character

THE SESQUI·CENT£NNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION

· --- !1.-U.._._~~Ae-~ ...;Ae ~ ~--

The consonants are so arranged that two strokes

ten, den r- ent, end _/ def-v, tive r/

2. The consonants are arranged in pairs, according to

G ~ go, good D / would

R are, our, hour H • a, an

L ~ will, well Th~ r-

4. Phrasing. The joining of simple words is a great

5. Punctuation, etc. In shorthand the following

7. In shorthand there are twelve distinct vowel

mat calm came

kit get ne~

kIt get ned

8. Marking Vowels. The vowels are grouped accord-

PICTURING WRITING MOTION

9. Frequently we shall have to refer to writing

Right motion: Left motion:

10. Characters taken from the left-motion oval . are

K-Gttre ~ R-L are . , ...

The terms "left motion" and "right motion" refer to

The following movement drills are intended to de-

eke c)' ear /

egg ~ ill atry Q_p

ail a____;-- hack

12. At the beginning or end of a single straight

atm tea ham

13. READING AND DICTA T I 0 N PRACTICE

calm rq- rear ~

.wnt ~ raid ~ dig ~

red ~ tack A)' taken ~

tttken and maker is absolutely useless , and is omitted.

17. Between straight strokes in the same direction

18.· Between opposite curves the circle is turned

wreck rag lake · kill

19. Kr and Gl Combinations. K and r, and g and l,

20. Gr and Kl Combinations. Where curves of un-

gray ~ green ~ eager ~

21. Rk and Lk Combinations. Since rand k are of

ark dark mark milk

. 22. The Signs for Th. The sign for t is curved to

tick thick hat hath

BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS

23. A · comparatively small number of frequently

( / " '] _ / 0 c.._....- / '- L---- a {.__---• ><' /