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    2m-E Static Discharge

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    DENNIS JOEL HARIC
    Static discharge is a hazard in oil tankers, especially during the loading and discharge of non-conductive white products or crude oil. For a static discharge to occur, two different materials must come into contact to allow charge separation, the separated charges must accumulate if the materials are non-conductive, and a spark will occur if the materials are then separated and the electric field becomes strong enough to ionize the air. On oil tankers, static discharge can happen during the discharge of white products, initial loading of empty tanks, free fall loading through open hatches, and tank cleaning. Precautions include bonding equipment to the vessel, slowing initial loading rates, keeping tanks clear of metals, and inerting tanks.

    Copyright:

    Public Domain
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    2m-E Static Discharge

    Uploaded by

    DENNIS JOEL HARIC
    39 views3 pages
    Static discharge is a hazard in oil tankers, especially during the loading and discharge of non-conductive white products or crude oil. For a static discharge to occur, two different materials must come into contact to allow charge separation, the separated charges must accumulate if the materials are non-conductive, and a spark will occur if the materials are then separated and the electric field becomes strong enough to ionize the air. On oil tankers, static discharge can happen during the discharge of white products, initial loading of empty tanks, free fall loading through open hatches, and tank cleaning. Precautions include bonding equipment to the vessel, slowing initial loading rates, keeping tanks clear of metals, and inerting tanks.

    Original Description:

    E-STATIC DISCHARGE FOR CRUDE OIL WASHING

    Original Title

    2m-e Static Discharge

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    Static discharge is a hazard in oil tankers, especially during the loading and discharge of non-conductive white products or crude oil. For a static discharge to occur, two different materials must come into contact to allow charge separation, the separated charges must accumulate if the materials are non-conductive, and a spark will occur if the materials are then separated and the electric field becomes strong enough to ionize the air. On oil tankers, static discharge can happen during the discharge of white products, initial loading of empty tanks, free fall loading through open hatches, and tank cleaning. Precautions include bonding equipment to the vessel, slowing initial loading rates, keeping tanks clear of metals, and inerting tanks.

    Copyright:

    Public Domain
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views3 pages

    2m-E Static Discharge

    Uploaded by

    DENNIS JOEL HARIC
    Static discharge is a hazard in oil tankers, especially during the loading and discharge of non-conductive white products or crude oil. For a static discharge to occur, two different materials must come into contact to allow charge separation, the separated charges must accumulate if the materials are non-conductive, and a spark will occur if the materials are then separated and the electric field becomes strong enough to ionize the air. On oil tankers, static discharge can happen during the discharge of white products, initial loading of empty tanks, free fall loading through open hatches, and tank cleaning. Precautions include bonding equipment to the vessel, slowing initial loading rates, keeping tanks clear of metals, and inerting tanks.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    STATIC DISCHARGE IN OIL TANKER

    THIS HAZARD EXIST MAINLY IN OIL TANKER. OTHER CASES MAY BE FOUND IN BULK CARRIER DURING
    LOADING OF SULPHAR CARGO.ITS RISK IS DUST EXPLOSION.

    DEVLOPMENT OF STATIC HAZARD:

    AS PER GENRAL STATIC THEORY. THREE DEVELOPMENTS HAVE TO OCCUR FOR GENRATION OF STATIC
    DISCHARGE:

    1. TWO DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES (LIKE PLASTIC AND STEEL) NOT BOTH STEEL ARE BROUGHT INTO
    CONTACT. LIKE YOUR COMB MADE OF PLASTIC AND YOUR HAIR MADE OF BIOLOGICAL
    TISSUES.WHILE YOU ARE COMBING YOUR HAIR THE PLATIC COMB COMES INTO CONTACT WITH
    DIFFERENT MATERIL IN THIS CASE HAIR, THEN NEW OBSERVE THAT THE COMB IS CHARGED SAY
    POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY. SIMMILARLY THE HAIR ALSO GETS CHAGED BUT OPPOSITE. THIS
    DEVELOPMENT IS CALLED CHARGE SEPARATION
    2. NOW, IF BOTH THE MATERIAL ARE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE, THEN SEPARATED CHARGE
    DISSIPITATES INTO ATMOSPHERE. BUT IF THE MATERIALS ARE NON CONDUCTIVE (EVEN ONE OF
    THEM) THAN CHARGES WHICH ARE SPARATED THEY REMIANS AS ACCUMULATED CHARGE IN
    THE MATERIAL FOR LONGER TIME. THIS DEVELOPMENT IS CALLED CHARGE ACCUMULATION
    3. NOW IF YOU SEPARATE THE THE MATERIALS, WE OBSERVE THE CHARGE SEPARATION RATE IS
    MUCH MORE INCREASED. AT ONE STAGE SEPARATED CHARGES ARE SO HIGH IN NUMBERS THAT
    THE ELECTRIC FIELD CREATED BY POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGES IS SO HIGH THAT IT WILL
    IONOZE THE AIR BETWEEN THE TWO SEPARATED MATERIAL AND WILL ALLOW POSITIVE AND
    NEGATIVE CHARGES TO NEUTRALZE CAUSING STATIC DISCHARGE OR SPARK.

    ON BOARD OIL TANKER, DUTING FOLLOWING OPERATION THE THREE STEPS OF GENERAL THEORY
    MAY OCCUR:

    1. DURING DISCHARGING OGF WHITE PRODUCT OIL, NOT CRUDE OIL ,BECAUSE CRUDE OIL HAS
    MORE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY.
    2. DURING INITIAL LOADING IN AN EMPTY CARGO TANK
    3. FREE FALL LOADING I.E. LOADING THROUGH A HOSE SET ON TANK TOP, NOT USING THE
    BOTTOM CARGO LINES
    4. DURING TANK CLEANING AND CRUDE OIL WASHING
    1. CHARGE SEPARATION

    SUBSTANCE

    (A)

    SUBSTANCE

    (B)

    (A)
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    INTERFACE

    (B)
    -

    2. CHARGE ACCUMULATION: DEPENDING ON THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY THE SPARATED


    CHARGE WILL BE ACCUMULATED IN A AND B FOR LONGER TIME

    3. STATIC DISCHARGE

    (A)
    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    AIR IONIZED DUE TO STRONG ELECTRIC FIELD

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    (B)
    PRECAUTIONS FOR AVOIDING STATIC DISCHARGE IN OIL TANKER:

    1. MAKING SURE THE EQUIPMENTS (LIKE MEASURING TAPE, UTI, SAMPLING UNIT OR SOUNDING
    DEVICE) ARE BONDED BY WIRE TO DECK STRUCURE.
    2. INITIAL LOADING RATE IN AN EMPTY TANK TO BE SLOW
    3. KEEPING THE TANK CLEAR OF ANY MEATAL GEARS, FLOATING CAN
    4. KEEPING THE CARGO TANK INERTED TO NOT MORE THAN 8% OXYGEN CONCENTRATION

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