Iron Deficiency Anemia

ANEMIA
Iron deficiency Anemia – chronic normocytic, hypocromic (pale), microcytic anemia due to
inadequate absorption of iron leading to hypoxemic injury.
Incidence rate:
1. Common – developed country – due to high cereal intake
Due to accidents – common on adults
2. Common – tropical countries – blood sucking parasites
3. Women – 15 – 35yo – reproductive yrs
4. Common among the poor – poor nutritional intake
Suicide - common in teenager

Poisoning – common in children (aspirin)
Aspiration – common in infant
Accidents – common in adults
Choking – common in toddler
SIDS – common in infant in US
1. Common in tropical zone – Phil due blood sucks
Predisposing factor:
1. Chronic blood loss
a. Trauma
b. Mens
c. GIT bleeding:
i. Hematemesis-
ii. Melena – upper GIT – duodenal cancer
iii. Hematochezia – lower GIT – large intestine – fresh blood from rectum
2. Inadequate intake of food rich in iron
3. Inadequate absorption of iron – due to :
a. Chronic diarrhea
b. Malabsorption syndrome –celiac disease-gluten free diet. Food for celiac pts-
sardines
c. High cereal intake with low animal CHON ingestion
d. Subtotal gastrectomy
4. Improper cooking of food
S/Sx:
1. Asymptomatic
2. Headache, dizziness, dyspnea, palpitations, cold sensitivity, gen body malaise, pallor
3. Brittle hair, spoon shaped nails (KOILONYCHIA)=Dec O2=hypoxia=atrophy of
epidermal cells
4. Atropic glossitis, dysphagia, stomatitis
5. Pica – abnormal craving for non edible food (caused by hypoxia=dec tissue
perfusion=psychotic behavior)
Brittle hair, spoon shaped nail – atrophy of epidermal cells
N = capillary refill time < 2 secs
N = shape nails – biconcave shape, 180
Atrophy of cells “Plummer Vinsons Syndrome” due to cerebral hypoxia
1. Atropic glossiti – inflammation of tongue due to atrophy of pharyngeal and
tongue cells
2. Stomatitis – mouth sores
3. Dysphagia
Dx Proc:
1. RBC
2. Hgb
3. Reticulocyte
4. Hct
5. Iron
6. Ferritin
Nsg Mgt
1. Monitor signs of bleeding of all hema test including urine & stool
2. Complete bed rest – don’t overtire pt =weakness and fatigue=activity intolerance
3. Encourage – iron rich food
2. Raisins, legumes, egg yolk
4. Instruct the pt to avoid taking tea - impairs iron absorption
5. Administer meds
a.) Oral iron preparation
Ferrous SO4
Fe gluconate
Fe Fumarate
Nsg Mgt oral iron meds:
1. Administer with meals – to lessen GIT irritation
2. If diluting in iron liquid prep –adm with straw
Straw
1. Lugol’s
2. Tetracycline
3. Oral iron
4. Macrodantine
3. Give Orange juice – for iron absorption

4. Monitor & inform pts S/E
a. Anorexia
b. n/v
c. Abdominal pain
d. Diarrhea or constipation
e. Melena
If pt can’t tolerate oral iron prep – administer parenteral iron prep example:
1. Iron dextran (IV, IM)
2. Sorbitex (IM)
Nsg Mgt parenteral iron prep

1. Administer of use Z tract method to prevent discomfort, discoloration leakage to tissues.
2. Don’t massage injection site. Ambulate to facilitate absorption.
3. Monitor S/E:
a.) Pain at injury site
b.) Localized abscess (“nana”)
c.) Lymphadenopathy
d.) Fever/ chills
e.) Urticaria – itchiness
f.) Hypotension – anaphylactic shock
Anaphylactic shock – give epinephrine
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA - megaloblastic, chronic anemia due to deficiency of intrinsic factor

leading to
Hypochlorhydria – decrease Hcl acid secretion. Lifetime B12 injections. With CNS
involvement.
Predisposing factor
1. Subtotal gastrectomy – removal stomach
2. Hereditary
3. Infl dse of ileum
4. Autoimmune
5. Strict vegetable diet
STOMACH
Parietal or ergentaffen Oxyntic cells
Fxn – produce intrinsic factor Fxn – secrets Hcl acid
For reabsorption of B12 Fx aids in digestion
For maturation of RBC
Diet high caloric or CHO to correct wt loss
S/Sx:
1. Headache dizziness, dyspnea, palpitations, cold sensitivity, gen body malaise, pallor
2. GIT changes
a. Red – beefy tongue – PATHOGNOMONIC – mouth sores
b. Dyspepsia – indigestion
c. Wt loss
d. Jaundice
3. CNS –
Most dangerous anemia: pernicious due to neuroglogic involvement.
a. Tingling sensation
b. Paresthesia
c. (+) Romberg’s test
Ataxia
d. Psychosis
Dx:- Shilling’s test
Nsg Mgt – Pernicious anemia

1. Enforce CBR
2. Administer B12 injections at monthly intervals for lifetime as ordered. IM- dorsogluteal
or ventrogluteal. Not given oral – due pt might have tolerance to drug
3. Diet – high calorie or CHO. Increase CHON, iron & Vit C
4. Avoid irritating mouthwashes. Use of soft bristled toothbrush is encouraged.
5. Avoid applying electric heating pads – can lead to burns

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ANEMIA

Suicide - common in teenager

3. Give Orange juice – for iron absorption

Nsg Mgt parenteral iron prep

Anaphylactic shock – give epinephrine

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA - megaloblastic, chronic anemia due to deficiency of intrinsic factor

Parietal or ergentaffen Oxyntic cells

Fxn – produce intrinsic factor Fxn – secrets Hcl acid

For reabsorption of B12 Fx aids in digestion

For maturation of RBC

Diet high caloric or CHO to correct wt loss

Nsg Mgt – Pernicious anemia

You might also like