Namma Kalvi 10th Tamil Unit 5 Surya Guide

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in
180 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[
,ay; fy;tp ciueil cyfk;
bkhHpbgau;g;g[f; fy;tp
5
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. `khghujk; jkpH;g]gLj;Jk; kJuhg[upr] r=;fk; itj;Jk;~ vd;Dk; rpd;dkD}h]r; brg]ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[

czh]j;Jk; bra;jp __________.
m) r=;f fhyj;jpy] bkhHpbgau;g]g[ ,Ue;jJ.
M) fhg]gpaf; fhyj;jpy] bkhHpbgau;g]g[ ,Ue;jJ.
,) gf;jp ,yf;fpaf; fhyj;jpy] bkhHpbgau;g]g[ ,Ue;jJ.
<) r=;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy] bkhHpbgau;g]g[ ,Ue;jJ.
[tpil: m) r=;f fhyj;jpy] bkhHpbgah]g]g[ ,Ue;jJ.]
FWtpdh
1. j
ha;bkhHpa[k; M=;fpyKk; jtpu eP=;fs; fw;f tpUk;g[k; bkhHpapidf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhuzk;
vGJ.
jha;bkhHpj; jkpGk; cyfg;bghJbkhHp M=;fpyKk; jtpu/ ehd; fw;f tpUk;g[k; bkhHp ,e;jp.
,e;jp fw;f tpUk;g[k; fhuzk; :
,e;jp ekJ ehl;od; njrpa bkhHp.
,ay; 5
,e;jp ,e;jpa ghuhSkd;w bkhHp.

ghuhSkd;w tpthj=;fis mwpa cjt[k; bkhHp.
muR kw;Wk; jdpahu; ntiy tlf;nf fpilj;jhy; Jizahf ,Uf;Fk; bkhHp.
tlehl;L kf;fspd; gz;ghl;ilg; g[upe;J bfhs;st[k; cjt[k; bkhHp ,e;jp.
rpWtpdh
1. c=;fSld; gapYk; khztu; xUtu; gs;spg; gog;igg; ghjpapy; epWj;jp ntiyf;Fr; bry;y
tpUk;g[fpwhu;. mtuplk; fw;gjd; ,d;wpaikahikia vt;tifapy; vLj;Jiug;gPu;fs;>
vd;Dld; goj;j khztd; tWikapd; fhuzkhf ntiyf;Fr; bry;fpwhd;.
ehd; mtidf; fz;L ,sk; taJ gog;gjw;F cupaJ/ gzp bra;tjw;F my;y.
Ie;jpy; tisahjJ Ik;gjpy; tisa[kh-
ehk; ,d;W ntiyf;Fr; bry;tjhy; ,d;iwa njitjhd; g{u;j;jpahFk;. ehisa njit
g{u;j;jpahFkh>
fz;Qilahu; vd;gtu; fw;nwhu; Kfj;jpuz;L
g[z;Qilahu; fy;yh jtu;.
vd;fpwhu; ts;Stu;.
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Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 181

mg;Jy; fyhk; mtu;fs; tWikapy; thodhYk; fhiy/ khiy ntiyf;Fr; bry;thu;.
,ilg;gl;l neuj;jpy; gs;spf;Fr; brd;wjhy; jhd; cyfk; nghw;Wk; cj;jku; Mdhu;.
,tu;nghy ePa[k; ciH" ,ilg;gl;l neuj;jpy; vd;ndhnl gs;spf;F th. goj;Jg; gzpf;Fg;
nghfyhk;.
muRk;/ bjhz;L epWtdKk; cil Kjy; czt[ tiu ,ytrkhfj; jUfpwJ.
ehk; fy;tpahy; ,iznthk;-
ek; njrj;ijf; fy;tpapy; cau;j;Jnthk;--
2. If;fpa ehLfs; mitapy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[

I.eh.mitapy; xUtu; ngrpdhy; mtutu; bkhHpfspy; g[upe;J bfhs;tjw;F trjp
bra;ag;gl;oUf;fpwJ. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ (Translation) vd;gJ vGjg;gl;lij bkhHpbgau;g;gJ.
Mdhy; xUtu; ngRk; nghnj bkhHpbgau;g;gJ/ tpsf;FtJ vd;W (InterPreting) brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
I.eh.mitapy; xUtu; ngRtij bkhHpbgau;f;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;ghsu; ghu;itahsu;fSf;Fj;
bjupahjgo ntW ,lj;jpy; ,Ug;ghu;. xUtu; ngRtijf; fhjzp nfl;gpapy; (Head Phone)
nfl;lgo rpy behofspy; bkhHpbgau;j;J xypth=;;fp btspna ngRthu;. mitapy; cs;s
ghu;itahsu; jd;Kd; cs;s fhjzp nfl;gpia (Head Phone) vLj;J bghUj;jpf; bfhz;L
mtuJ bkhHpapy; g[upe;J bfhs;thu;.
,g;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J 5 tpdhf;fis cUthf;Ff.
1.
I.eh.mitapy; cWg;gpdu;fs; jk; bkhHpapy; ngRk;nghJ bkhHp bjupahjtu;fSf;F
VnjDk; Vw;ghL bra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh>
2. bkhHp bgau;g;g[ vd;why; vd;d>
3. ghu;itahsu;fs; mitapy; ngRnthu; ciuia vg;gog; g[upe;J bfhs;fpd;wdu;>
4. bkhHpbgau;g;ghsu;fs; v=;F mku;e;jpUg;gu;>
5. I.eh.mitapy; ngRnthupd; ngr;R vt;tst[ neuj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;f;fg; gLfpwJ>
,ay; 5
6. I.eh.mitapy; bra;ag;gl;Ls;s trjp ahJ>
7. fhjzp nfl;gpia vjw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jtu;>
8. `tpsf;FtJ~ (Inter Preting) vd;why; vd;d>
beLtpdh
1. jkpHpd; ,yf;fpa tsk; ? fy;tp bkhHp ? gpwbkhHpfspy; cs;s ,yf;fpa ts=;fs; ? mwptpay;
fUj;Jfs; ? gpwJiwf; fUj;Jfs; ? jkpGf;Fr; brGik.
nkw;fz;l Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L brk;bkhHpj; jkpGf;F tsk; nru;f;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[f; fiy/
vd;w jiyg;gpy; thu ,jH; xd;Wf;F eLg;gf;f fl;Liu vGJf.
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jkpGf;F tsk; nru;f;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[f;fiy

Fwpg;g[r; rl;lk;
Kd;Diu
tiuaiw
jkpH; ,yf;fpa tsk;
fy;tp bkhHp
gpwbkhHp ,yf;fpak;
mwptpay; fUj;Jfs;
gy;Jiw fUj;Jfs;
Kot[iu
Kd;Diu :
cyfk; jfty; bjhHpy;El;gj;jpdhy; RU=;fp tpl;l NHypy; Tl bkhHpbgau;g;g[j; Jiw
Kf;fpa ,lk; bgWfpwJ. ,j;jF bkhHpbgau;g;g[ fiy kf;fspd; thH;tpy; vj;jF nghf;fpidr;
bra;fpwJ vd;gJ gw;wpf; fhz;nghk;.
tiuaiw:
bkhHpbgau;g;g[ vd;gJ @y bkhHpapy; cs;s brhy; my;yJ brhw;bwhlu;fis ve;jtpj
bghUs; khw;wKk; ,y;yhky; ntW bkhHpapy; bgau;g;g[ bra;tJ bkhHpbgau;g;g[ vdg;gLk;.
jkpH; ,yf;fpa tsk; :
jkpH; ,yf;fpa tsk; bgw ntz;Lk; vd;why; gpwbkhHpapy; rpwe;J tps=;fpa E}y;fisj;
jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.
gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dnu ,Ue;J jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[g; gzp eilbgw;W
tUfpwJ. mjdog;gilapy; fk;gupd; ,uhktjhuk;/ tpy;ypg[j;J}uhupd; tpy;ypghujk; nghd;w
fhtpa=;fs; midj;Jk; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;litna.
,ay; 5
fy;tp bkhHp :
bkhHpbgau;g;igf; fy;tpahf;Ftjd; @yk; midj;Jyf mwpit ehk; bgw;Wg; gy;ntW
Jiwapy; rpwe;J tps=;fKoa[k;.
gpwbkhHp ,yf;fpak; :
utPe;jpuehj; jhTu; t=;f bkhHpapy; vGjpa fPjh+;rypia mtu; M=;fpyj;jpy;
bkhHpbgau;j;jg; gpwF nehgy; gupR fpilj;jJ.
mwptpay; fUj;Jfs; :
bkhHpbgau;g;g[ mwptpay; rhu;e;j JiwapYk; jd; Mjpf;fj;ijr; brYj;JfpwJ. Tele vd;w
M=;fpyr; brhy; bjhiy vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,jd; mog;gilapy; Telephone - Telescope -
bjhiyngrp/ bjhiynehf;fp vd;W bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gy;Jiw fUj;Jfs; :
fy;tp/ mwptpay;/ ,yf;fpak; kl;Lky;yhky; gpwJiwapYk; tsu;r;rp mile;Js;sd.
thbdhyp/ jpiug;glk;/ ,jHpapay;/ tpsk;guk; nghd;w JiwfspYk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[g; gzp
rpwe;J tps=;FfpwJ. bjhiyf;fhl;rpj; bjhlu;fs; ntw;WbkhHpf;F khw;wg;gLtjhy; midj;J
kf;fisa[k; brd;wilfpwJ.
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Kot[iu:
ve;j bkhHpapd; gilg;ghf ,Ue;jhYk; vij bkhHpbgau;f;f ntz;Lk;> vg;gor; bra;a
ntz;Lk;> vd;gjid mwpe;J ,yf;fz tpjpKiwa[ld; bra;jhy; epiybgw;W tps=;Fk;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. gpwehl]L J}juf=;fs] ek; ehl]oy] vg]nghJ epWtg]gl]ld>

m) Rje;jpuj;jpw]F Kd; M) tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd;
,) FoauRf;F Kd; <) FoauRf;Fg; gpd; [tpil: M) tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd;]
2. bkhHpbgau;j;jy; vd;Dk; bjhliuj; bjhy;fhg;gpau; ifahz;l ,lk; __________.
m) bgaupay; M) tpidapay;
,) kugpay; <) capupay; [tpil: ,) kugpay;]
3. ,uhkhaz kfhghuj bjhd;kr] bra;jpfs] ,lk; bgw]Ws]s jkpH; ,yf;fpak; vJ>

m) r=;f ,yf;fpak; M) gf;jp ,yf;fpak;;
,) rpw]wpyf;fpak; <) etPd ,yf;fpak; [tpil: m) r=;f ,yf;fpak;]
4. bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;ljhy; nehgy; gupR bgw;w ,e;jpaf; ftp+u; ahu;>

m) tp.N. ieg;ghy; M) ,ul;ahu;l; fpg;spt;
,) bt=;fl;uhkd; <) ,utPe;jpuehj; jhTu; [tpil: <) ,utPe;jpuehj; jhTu;]
5. `bkhF rh!;l;L~ vd;Dk; $g;ghdpa brhy;ypd; bghUs; __________.

m) gjpy; ju kWf;fpnwhk; M) tpilju mtfhrk; ntz;Lk;
,) tpilju KoahJ <) ,utPe;jpuehj; jhTu;
,ay; 5
[tpil: M) tpilju mtfhrk; ntz;Lk;]
6. tlbkhHpf; fijiaj; jGtp gilf;fg;gl;l E}y; __________.

m) fk;guhkhazk; M) rPtfrpe;jhkzp
,) fyp=;fj;Jg;guzp <) tpy;ypghujk; [tpil: ,) fyp=;fj;Jg;guzp]
7. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ Kaw;rpapy; <LgLk; epWtd=;fs; __________.
m) rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp M) njrpa g[j;jf epWtdk;
,) bjd;dpe;jpa g[j;jf epiyak; <) ,it midj;Jk; [tpil: <) ,it midj;Jk;]
8. gd;dhl;L bkhHpfisf; fw;gpg;git __________.

m) jdpahu; epWtd=;fs; M) btspehl;LJ}juf=;fs;
,) gs;spfs; <) ,it midj;Jk; [tpil: <) ,it midj;Jk;]
9. `fhrpdpapy; ,d;Wtiu mwptpd; kd;du; fz;Ls;s fiyfbsy;yhk; jkpHpy; vz;zpg; ngrp
kfpH; epiy ntz;Lk;~~ vd;W Twpatu; ahu;>
m) Fnyhj;J=;fd; M) guhe;jfd;
,) ,uh$uh$d; <) ,uhn$e;jpud; [tpil: m) Fnyhj;J=;fd;]
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10. bghUj;jpj; bjupf.

m) 1942 ? 1. a{kh thRfp
M) 1949 ? 2. Kj;JkPdhl;rp
,) 2016 ? 3. uhFy; rh=;fpUj;ahad;
<) 2018 ? 4. fzKj;ijah
m) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1
,) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 <) 2/ 4. 3/ 1 [tpil: m) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1]
11. ek;kplk; vy;yhk; cs;sJ vd;w gl;il fl;oa ghu;itia xHpj;J mfd;w ghu;itiaj; jUtJ
__________.
m) ehlfk; M) bkhHpbgau;g;g[
,) jpahdk; <) bry;tk; [tpil: M) bkhHpbgau;g;g][
12. xU bkhHpapy; czu;j;jg;gl;lij ntbwhU bkhHpapy; btspapLtJ bkhHpbgau;g;g[ vd;W
Twpatu; __________.
m) K. F. $fe;ehju; M) kzit K!;jgh
,) m. Kj;Jyp=;fk; <) mg;Jy; uFkhd; [tpil: M) kzit K!;jgh]
13. cyf ehfupf tsu;r;rpf;Fk; bghUspay; nkk;ghl;ow;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[k; xU fhuzkhFk; vd;W

Twpatu; __________.
m) K. F. $fe;ehju; M) kzit K!;jgh
,) K. nkj;jh <) m. Kj;Jyp=;fk; [tpil: m) K. F. $fe;ehju;]
14. ``khghujk; jkpH;g;gLj;Jk; kJuhg[upr; r=;fk; itj;Jk;~~ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; brg;ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[
__________.
m) cj;jpunkqu; M) kz;lfg;gl;L
,) rpd;dkD}u; <) Mjpr;rey;Y}u; [tpil: ,) rpd;dkD}u;]

15.
r=;ffhyj;jpnyna jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;lijg; g[yg;gLj;Jk; rhd;W
__________.
,ay; 5
m) cj;jpunkqu; fy;btl;L M) ciwa{u;r; brg;ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[

,) kz;lfg;gl;Lf; fy;btl;L <) rpd;dkD}u;r; brg;ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[
[tpil: <) rpd;dkD}u;r; brg;ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g][
16. tlbkhHpf; fijfisj; jGtpg; gilf;fg;glhj ,yf;fpaj;ijf; fz;lwpf.

m) rPtf rpe;jhkzp M) fk;guhkhazk;
,) rpyg;gjpfhuk; <) tpy;ypghujk; [tpil: ,) rpyg;gjpfhuk;]
17. tlbkhHpf; fijiaj; jGtp vGjg;gl;l ,yf;fpaj;ijf; fz;lwpf.

m) bgU=;fij M) Kf;Tlw;gs;S
,) fyp=;fj;Jg; guzp <) kzpnkfiy [tpil: m) bgU=;fij]
18. ghujpapd; bkhHpbgau;g;g[fisg; bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf.

i) bghUl;fhl;rp - 1. Strike
ii) ,Ug;g[g; ghij - 2. Revolution
iii) g[ul;rp - 3. East Indian Railways
iv) ntiy epWj;jk; - 4. Exhibition
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
,) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3 <) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1]
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19. b$u;kd; bkhHpapy; bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; @yk; mwpKfk; Md __________ me;ehl;Lg; gilg;ghsu;

nghynt bfhz;lhlg;gl;ltu;.
m) ntu;l;!; bthu;j; M) n&f;!;gpau;
,) yh=;bgy;nyh <) $p.a[. nghg; [tpil: M) n&f;!;gpau;]
20. __________ Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu tlbkhHp E}y;fs; jkpHpy; Mf;fg;gl;ld.

m) 16 M) 17
,) 18 <) 19 [tpil: ,) 18]
21. bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; @yk; bgw;wpUf;ff;Toa bfhs;if __________.

m) elg;gpay; M) jj;Jttpay;
,) ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;t[ <) jpwdha;t[ [tpil: ,) ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;t][
22. 1942 Mk; Mz;L \$puhghf; kj;jpa rpiwapypUe;j nghJ `thy;fhtpypUe;J f=;if tiu~
vd;w E}iy ,e;jp bkhHpapy; vGjpatu; __________.
m) uhFy; rh=;fpUj;ahad; M) rrpnjt;
,) fzKj;ijah <) bt. _uhk; [tpil: m) uhFy; rh=;fpUj;ahad;]
23. `thy;fhtpypUe;J f=;if tiu~ vd;w E}iyf; fzKj;ijah jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;j;J btspapl;l
Mz;L __________.
m) 1942 M) 1945
,) 1949 <) 1952 [tpil: ,) 1949]
24.
`thy;fhtpypUe;J f=;if tiu~ vd;w E}y; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;l Mz;Lk;/ bkhHp
bgau;j;jtu;fisa[k; bghUj;jpf;fhl;Lf.
i) fzKj;ijah ? 1. 1949
ii) lhf;lu; vd;. _ju; ? 2. 2016
iii) Kj;J kPdhl;rp ? 3. 2016
iv) a{khthRfp ? 4. 2018
,ay; 5
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1
,) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 [tpil: m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4]
25. tlk; (fapW)/ xl;lfk; vd;w ,UbghUSf;Fupar; brhy; __________
m) Camel M) Cow
,) Horse <) Rope [tpil: m) Camel]
26. b$u;kdpapy; Xu; Mz;oy; gpw bkhHpfspypUe;J __________ E}y;fs; tiu bkhHp bgau;f;fg;
gLfpd;wd.
m) 1000 M) 2000
,) 4000 <) 5000 [tpil: <) 5000]
jkpH; E}y;fs; gpwbkhHpfspy; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gLtjpy; Kjyplj;jpy; __________

27.
,uz;lhkplj;jpy; __________ ,lk; tfpf;fpd;wd.
m) M=;fpyk;/ kiyahsk; M) kiyahsk;/ M=;fpyk;
,) bjY=;F/ fd;dlk; <) ,e;jp/ tlbkhHp [tpil: m) M=;fpyk;/ kiyahsk;]
28. bkhHpbgau;g;gpdhy; g[jpa brhw;fs; cUthfp __________ Vw;gLfpwJ.

m) bkhHptsk; M) bkhHp tskpHg;g[
,) bkhHp rpijt[ <) bkhHp khw;wk; [tpil: m) bkhHptsk;]
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29. fUj;Jg; gfpu;itj; jUtjhy; bkhHpbgau;g;igg; __________ vd;W Fwpg;gpLthu;fs;.

m) gad;fiy M) epfH;fiy
,) ftpd;fiy <) Maf;fiy [tpil: m) gad;fiy]
30. __________ gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; jkpH; ,Uf;if mj;jifa gzpfspy; <Lgl ntz;Lk;.

m) bfhyk;gpah M) Mf;!;nghu;L
,) \hu;tu;l; <) brd;id [tpil: ,) \hu;tu;l];
31. ``brd;wpLtPu; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; ? fiyr;

bry;t=;fs; aht[k; bfhzu;e;jp=;F nru;g;gPu;~~ ? vd;W ghoatu;.
m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) thzpjhrd; <) fz;zjhrd; [tpil: m) ghujpahu;]
32. ``njkJuj; jkpnHhir cyfbkyhk;

gut[k; tif bra;jy; ntz;Lk;~~ ? vd;W ghoatu;>
m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) thzpjhrd; <) mg;Jy; uFkhd; [tpil: m) ghujpahu;]
33. gpuhd;R njrpa E}w;Tlj;jpy; Vwf;Fiwa __________ giHa jkpH; VLfSk; ifbaGj;Jg;
gpujpfSk; cs;sd.
m) E}W M) Mapuk;
,) @thapuk; <) gjpdhwhapuk; [tpil: M) Mapuk;]
34. `brd;wpLtPu; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; ? fiyr;

bry;t=;fs; aht[k; bfhzu;e;jp=;F nru;g;gPu;
? ghujpahupd; ,f;Tw;W czu;j;Jk; fUj;J>
m) gyJiw E}y;fs; jkpHpy; cUthf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.
M) gyfiyfs; jkpHpy; g[jpjhfj; njhd;w ntz;Lk;.
,) cybf=;Fk; fhzg;gLk; bry;t=;fs; jkpHfj;jpy; te;J nru;jy; ntz;Lk;.
,ay; 5
<) fiyr; bry;t=;fis cyfk; KGtJk; gazk; bra;J fz;Lfspf;f ntz;Lk;.

[tpil: ,) cybf=;Fk; fhzg;gLk; bry;t=;fs; jkpHfj;jpy; te;J nru;jy; ntz;Lk;.]
FWtpdh
1. bkhHpbgah]g]g[ Fwpj;J kzit K!;jgh TWtJ ahJ>

xU bkhHpapy] czu;j;jg]gl]lij/ ntbwhU bkhHpapy] btspapLtJ bkhHpbgah]g]g[ vd;fpwhh]
kzit K!;jgh.
2. bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; ,d;wpaikahik ahJ>
xU bkhHp/ tsk; bgwt[k; cyfj;Jld; cwt[ bfhs;st[k; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ ,d;wpaikahjJ.
3. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ Fwpj;J K.F $fe;ehju; Fwpg;gpLtJ ahJ>
cyf ehfupf tsu;r;rpf;Fk; bghUspay; nkk;ghl;ow;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ xU fhuzkhFk; vd;W
K.F. $fe;ehju; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
4. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ gw;wpf; Twpa ,yf;fz E}y; vJ>
bjhy]fhg]gpah] kugpaypy] bkhHpbgah]j;jy] vd;w bjhliuf; Fwpg]gpl]Ls]shh]. ,jd; @yk;
bkhHpbgah]g]g[ gw]wpf; Twpa ,yf;fz E}y] bjhy]fhg]gpak; vd;gij czu KofpwJ.
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5. r=;f fhyj;jpnyna jkpHpy] bkhHpbgah]g]g[ nkw]bfhs]sg]gl]Ls]sJ vd;gij epWt[f.

`khghujk; jkpH;g] gLj;Jk; kJuhg[upr] r=;fk; itj;Jk;~ vd;Dk; rpd;dkD}h] brg]ngL Fwpg]gpd;
@yk; r=;f fhyj;jpnyna jkpHpy] bkhHpbgah]g]g[ nkw]bfhs]sg]gl]L cs]sJ vd;gij czu
KofpwJ.
6. tlbkhHpf; fijfisj; jGtp gilf;fg]gl]l jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fs] ahit>
tlbkhHpf; fijfisj; jGtp gilf;fg]gl]l jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fs]. bgU=;fij/ rPtf rpe;jhkzp/
fk;guhkhazk;/ tpy]ypghujk; Kjypait MFk;.
7. gpwbkhHpf; fUj;Jfs] r=;f fhyj;jpnyna jkpH;g;gLj;jg;gl]ld vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
tlbkhHpapy] tH=;fpte;j ,uhkhaz kfhghuj bra;jpfs] r=;;f ,yf;fpa=;;fspy] gutyhf ,lk;
bgw]W ,Ug]gijf; fhQk;nghJ gpwbkhHpf; fUj;Jfs] r=;f fhyj;jpnyna jkpH;g;gLj;jg]
gl;ld vd;gij czu KofpwJ.
8. bkhHpbgah]g]g[ Kaw]rpia nkw]bfhz;l epWtd=;;fs] ahit>
rhfpj;jpa mfhjkp/ njrpa g[j;jf epWtdk;/ bjd;dpe;jpa g[j;jf epWtdk; Mfpait
bkhHpbgau;g;g[ Kaw]rp nkw]bfhz;l epWtd=;fs] MFk;.
9. ,e;jpa muR kf;fspilna bkhHpbgau;g;ig vjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jpaJ>
kf;fspilna njrpa czh]it Cl]Ltjw]Fk; xUikg]ghl]il Vw]gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
bkhHpbgau;g]ig ,e;jpa muR fUtpahf gad;gLj;jpaJ.
10. midj;Jyf mwpita[k; vspjpy] bgWtjw]F ehk; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;>
bkhHpbgau;g;igf; fy;tpahft[k; mjd; @yk; midj;Jyf mwpita[k; ehk; vspjpy; bgwyhk;.
11. gpwehl]Lj; J}juf=;fs] jj;jk; bkhHpfisf; fw]Wf; bfhLf;f Kaw]rpg]gjd; nehf;fk; ahJ>
gpwehl]Lj; J}juf=;;fs] j=;;fSila ,yf;fpak;/ gz;ghL/ bjhHpy] tsh]r]rp/ fiy
nghd;wtw;iw kf;fsplk; mwpKfg]gLj;Jk; nehf;fj;Jlnd jj;jk; bkhHpfisf; fw]Wf;
bfhLf;f Kaw]rpf;fpd;wd.
12. gpwehl;L bkhHpfs; v=;F fw;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ>
,ay; 5
gs;spfs;/ fy;Y}upfs;/ gy;fiyf;fHf=;;fs; nghd;wtw;wpy; gpwehl;L bkhHpfisf; fw;fyhk;. rpy
jdpahu; epWtd=;;fSk; gpw ehl;L bkhHpfisf; fw;gpf;fpd;wd.
13. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ vjw;F cjt[fpwJ>
gpw bkhHp ,yf;fpa=;;fis mwpe;J bfhs;st[k; mit nghd;w g[jpa gilg;g[fis cUthf;ft[k;
bkhHpbgau;g;g[ cjt[fpwJ.
14. bkhHp ntypia bkhHpbgau;g;g[ mfw;WfpwJ vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
fiyr; rpwg;g[ilajhf ,Uf;fpd;w ,yf;fpa=;;fs; midtuJ mDgtkhf khWk;nghJ
bghJepiy bgWfpwJ. mj;jifa bghJepiy bgw;w ,yf;fpaj;ij bkhHpntyp rpiwapLfpwJ.
bkhHpia btspna mfw;Wk; gzpia bkhHpbgau;g;g[ bra;fpwJ.
15. b$u;kd; ahiu jd; ehl;L gilg;ghspahff; bfhz;lhLfpwJ> Vd;>
n&f;!;gpau;.
fhuzk;:
n&f;!;gpau; jhk; vGjpa E}iy b$u;kd; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ bra;j fhuzj;jhy; b$u;kd; jd;
ehl;Lg; gilg;ghspahff; bfhz;lhLfpwJ.
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16. M=;;fpnyau; tUiff;Fg;gpd; jkpH; bkhHpapy; mwpKfkhd gpwbkhHp E}y;fs; ahit>

M=;;fpnyau; tUiff;Fg; gpd; M=;;fpy E}y;fSk; M=;fpyk; tHpahf gpw Inuhg;gpa bkhHp
E}y;fSk; mwpKfkhapd. ,tw;wpy; jukhd E}y;fs; Fiwnt.
17. bkhHpbgau;g;ghy; jpUf;Fws; mile;j bgUik ahJ>
jkpH; bkhHpf;Fupa E}yhfpa jpUf;Fws; cyfpy; gy bkhHpfspy; bkhHpbgau;ff
; g;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf
cyfg; bghJkiwahf cau;e;jJ.
18. bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; njhw;wk; Fwpj;J vGJf.
vg;bghGJ cyfj;jpy; ehd;ife;J bkhHpfs; cUthapdnth mg;bghGnj bkhHpbgau;g;g[
bjhl=;;fpaJ.
19. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ thapyhf ru;tnjrj; jd;ik bgWk; Kiwfs; ahit>
fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;/ jfty; gfpu;t[/ mwE}y; mwpjy;/ ,yf;fpak;/ jj;Jtk; vd;gd bkhHpbgau;g;g[
thapyhfnt ru;tnjrj; jd;ik bgWfpd;wd.
20. jd; E}iy jhnd bkhHpbgau;j;jtu; ahu;> mjdhy; mtUf;F fpilj;j rpwg;g[ ahJ>
,utPe;jpuehj; jhTu; t=;f bkhHpapy; vGjpa ftpijj; bjhFg;ghd fPjh+;rypia M=;fpyj;jpy;
mtu; bkhHpbgau;j;j gpwFjhd; mtUf;F nehgy; gupR fpilj;jJ.
21. bkhHpbgau;f;fg;glhikahy; cupa Vw;g[ fpilf;fhj E}y; vJ>
kfhftp ghujpapd; ftpijfs; M=;fpyj;jpy; bkhHp bgau;f;fg;gl;oUe;jhy; cyfstpy; caupa
tpUJfSk; Vw;g[k; fpilj;jpUf;Fk;.
22. xU ehl;od; bjhHpy; tsu;r;rp vjd; mog;gilapy; kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ>
xU ehL vt;tst[ kpd;dhw;wiyg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gijg; bghWj;nj me;j ehl;od;
bjhHpy; tsu;r;rpia kjpg;gpLfpwhu;fs;.
23. xU ehl;od; gz;ghl;L tsu;r;rpiaa[k; mwpita[k; kjpg;gpLtJ vJ>
xU ehl;od; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ E}y;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; bfhz;L me;ehl;od; gz;ghl;ila[k;
,ay; 5
mwpita[k; kjpg;gpLthu;fs;.
24. ,g;bghGJ neuoahf bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gLk; E}y;fs; ahit>
gpbu+;R/ b$u;kd;/ Mg;gpupf;fh/ yj;jPd;/ mbkupf;fh Kjyhd ehLfspd; E}y;fs; neuoahf
bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;L fpilf;f bjhl=;fpapUg;gJ ey;y gaidj; jUk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fyhk;.
25. ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;t[ bfhs;if gw;wp vGJf.
bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; @yk;jhd; ehk; ,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;t[ bfhs;iffisg; bgw;W ,Uf;fpnwhk;.
,d;Ws;s jpwdha;t[ Fiwfis vy;yhk; ehk; M=;;fpyj;jpd; tHpahfnt bgw;wpUf;fpnwhk;.
26. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ vt;thW mika ntz;Lk;>
bkhHpbgau;g;g[fs; fHptpd;wp rpjwypd;wp @ybkhHpapd; fUj;Jfis btspg;gLj;Jtjhf
mika ntz;Lk;.
27. Camel vd;gjd; bkhHpbgau;g;ig tpsf;Ff.
Camel vd;gjw;F tlk;/ xl;lfk; vd;w ,U bgau;fs; cz;L.
``Crp fhjpy; tlk; EiHahJ~~ vd;w ntw;WbkhHpj; bjhliu ``Crp fhjpy; xl;lfk; EiHahJ~~
vdj; jtWjyhf bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdnt bkhHpbgau;f;Fk; nghJ fUj;Jk;
bghUSk; khwhky; rupahf bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.
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rpWtpdh
1. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ gw;wp mwp+u;fs; TWk; fUj;J ahJ>
kzit K!;jgh :
`xU bkhHpapy; czu;j;jg;gl;lij ntbwhU bkhHpapy; btspapLtJ bkhHpbgau;g;g[
vd;fpwhu;. K.F. $fe;ehju;.
`xU bkhHp tsk; bgwt[k; cyfj;Jld; cwt[ bfhs;st[k; bkhHpbgau;g;g[
,d;wpaikahjjhFk;; cyf ehfupf tsu;r;rpf;Fk; bghUspay; nkk;ghl;ow;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[k;
xU fhuzkhFk;~ vd;fpwhu;.
2. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ rupahf mikahjjhy; fhyj;jpw;Fk; mHpt[ jUk; fy=;fk; neu;e;jJ tptup.
cyfg; nghupd;nghJ mbkupf;fh ruzilahtpl;lhy; Fz;L tPrg;gLk; vd;w bra;jpia
$g;ghDf;F mDg;gpajhft[k; mjw;F $g;ghd;/ `bkhF rh!;l;L~ vd;W tpil mDg;gpajhft[k;
TWtu;. me;jj; bjhlupd; bghUs; bjupahikahy; mbkupf;fh/ \pnuh&pkhtpy; Fz;L tPrpaJ
vd;W brhy;fpwhu;fs;. me;jj; bjhlUf;F `tpilju mtfhrk; ntz;Lk;~ vd;gjhk;. Mdhy; mjw;F
mbkupf;fu;fs; `kWf;fpnwhk;~ vd;W bghUs; bfhz;ljhft[k; TWtu;. mjdhy;jhd; mHpt[ jUk;
fs=;fk; neu;e;jJ" bkhHpbgau;g;g[r; rupahf mike;J ,Ue;jhy; nguHpt[ jLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;.
3. ,lk;ghu;j;J bkhHpbgau;f;f ntz;Lk; vd;gijr; rhd;Wld; tptupf;f.
Tele vd;gJ bjhiy vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. Mfnt Telegraph, Television, Telephone,
Telescope, Telemetry Kjypa brhw;fs; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gLfpw nghJ bjhiytup/
bjhiyf;fhl;rp/ bjhiyngrp/ bjhiynehf;f;p/ bjhiy mstpay; vd;wthW Kd;xl;LfSld;
bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;ld. ,jw;F khwhf Transcribe, Transfer, Transform, Transact Mfpatw;iw
bkhHpbgau;f;Fk;nghJ gobaLj;jy;/ khWjy;/ cUkhw;Wjy;/ bray;gLj;Jjy; vd;wthW
bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,=;F Trans vd;w Kd;xl;il itj;J bkhHpbgau;f;ftpy;iy.
vdnt ,lk; ghu;j;J bkhHpbgau;f;f ntz;Lk; vd;gij ehk; czu;e;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 105
,ay; 5
1. jhTupd; fPjh+;ryp jkpH;bkhHpbgau;g;g[g; ghly; xd;iwa[k; fyPy; fpg;uhdpd; ftpij xd;wpd;
bkhHpbgau;g;iga[k; E}yfj;jpy; goj;J vGjp tUf.
jhTupd; fPjh+;ryp jkpH;bkhHpbgau;g;g[g; ghly;
èhd; ve;jg;ghliyg; ghLtjw;fhf ,=;F te;njndh
,J ,d;Wtiu ghlg;glhknyna cs;sJ
vd; ,irf;fUtpfisr; rupbra;tjpnyna
vd; ehl;fisf; fHpj;Jtpl;nld;
cz;ikapy; neuk; tutpy;iy
thu;j;ijfs; bghUj;jg;gltpy;iy
Mirapdhy; tUk; typ xd;nw vd; ,jaj;jpy; cs;sJ
g{kyutpy;iy fhw;W bgU@r;RtpLfpwJ
ehd; mtdJ Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;jjpy;iy
mtdJ Fuiyf; ftdpj;jJ ,y;iy
vd; tPl;ow;F Kd;dhs; cs;s rhiyapy; ,Ue;J
mtdJ bky;ypa fhyo Xiria kl;Lk; nfl;oUf;fpnwd;
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fyPy; fpg;uhd; ftpijfs; : bkhHpbgau;g;g[

èhbdhU thu;j;ij brhy;y Vbddpy;
te;njd;- ePof;Fk; tuyhw;W E}ypy;
ehdijr; brhy;y ntz;Lk; tU=;fhyk;
,g;nghJ- xUnghJk;
kuzk; vd;idj; jLj;jhy; g[wf;fzpg;g jpy;iy
ehisf;F xU ufrpaj;ij~
ciuf;fg;gLk; mJ-
2. bkhHpbgau;g;g[r; rpWfij xd;iwg; goj;J mjd; fijr;RUf;fj;ija[k; c=;fs; fUj;Jfisa[k;

tFg;giwapy; TWf.
cUJ bkhHpr; rpWfij fu;tj;jpd; tpiy
Mrpupau; rpuh$; md;tu;
bkhHpbgau;j;jtu; ty;ypf;fz;zd;
rpg;gpg; g[G xd;wpd; fij ,J.
rpg;gpg; g[G cyfpy; jhnd mjp Kf;fpakhd $Ptdhf vz;zpaJ. gl;Lg; g[Gt[k; gad;
cs;snj Mdhy; gl;L Kj;Jf;fisg; nghy; mjpf tpiy bgw;Wj; jUtJ ,y;iy. vdnt
jd;id cau;thf vz;zpaJ rpg;gpg;g[G.
xU ehs; flypy; bgUk;g[ay; tPrpaJ. rpg;gpg; g[G jd; Tl;il @of; bfhz;L/
ghJfhg;g[f;fhfj; jiuf;Fg; nghff; TlhJ vd;W vz;zp flYf;Fs; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,e;j
miy rpg;gpg;g[Git tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy. mjidj; J}f;fpf; flypy; thupg; nghl;lJ. g[G
bkJthf rpg;gpiaj; jpwe;J btspapy; bkJthf vl;og; ghu;j;jJ. mjw;Fs; kw;bwhU miy
te;J mjid kzypy; J}f;fpg; nghl;lJ. flYf;Fs; jpUk;gpg; nghf tHpa;py;yhky; m=;nfna
fple;jJ. mJ kpft[k; nfhgk; mile;jJ.
,ay; 5
fhfk; xd;W rpg;gpaplk; btspna th vd;wJ" Mdhy; rpg;gp g[G/ mUtUg;ghd Kl;lhshd
cd;dplk; ngr KoahJ vd;wJ. fhfk; vt;tst[ brhy;ypa[k; rpg;gp g[G btsptutpy;iy. khwhf
fhfj;ijf; nfyp bra;J bfhz;nl ,Ue;jJ. ehd; Kj;Jfis cz;lhf;Ftjhy; jhd; flYf;Fg;
bgUik vd;W fu;tkhfr; rpg;gp g[G TwpaJ. `Kj;J bra;a[k; bgupa egiug; ghu;f;fpd;nwd;~
btspna th vd;wJ fhfk;. Mdhy; Koe;jhy; eP bgupa g[j;jprhyp vd;why; vd; rpg;gpia ePna
jpwe;J bfhs; vd;wJ g[G.
ey;yJ ePna brhy;yp tpl;lha; vd;W brhy;ypf; fhfk; rpg;gpiaj; jd; myfpy;
J}f;fp nkny gwe;J ngha;g; ghiwfs; eLnt nghl;lJ. rpg;gp J}s; J}shdJ. fhfk; rpg;gpiaj;
jd; myfhy; bfhj;jp tpG=;fpaJ. gpwF fhfk; Kj;ijg; ghu;j;jJ. Kj;J mjdplk; ,Ue;J tpyfp/
rhzf;Ftpaypy; tpGe;jJ. fhfk; caug; gwe;J kfpH;t[ld; fj;jpr; brd;wJ.

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,ay; fy;tp ftpijg; ngiH
ePjp btz;gh
5 ? fh.g. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. mUe;Jiz vd;gijg; gpupj;jhy; __________.

m) mUik + Jiz M) mU + Jiz
,) mUik + ,iz <) mU + ,iz [tpil: m) mUik + Jiz]
2. ``mUisg; bgUf;fp mwpitj; jpUj;jp
kUis mfw;wp kjpf;Fk; bjUis~~
? vd;w ,t;tofspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ vJ>
m) jkpH; M) mwptpay;
,) fy;tp <) ,yf;fpak; [tpil: ,) fy;tp]
FWtpdh
1. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyupd; fy;tp gw;wpa fUj;jpid KHf;fj; bjhlu;fshf;Ff.

fw;nghk;- fw;nghk;-
mUisg; bgUf;f fw;nghk;-
,ay; 5
fw;nghk;- fw;nghk;-
mwptpidg; bgw fw;nghk;-
fw;nghk;- fw;nghk;-
kaf;fk; tpyf;f fw;nghk;-
fw;nghk;- fw;nghk;-
capUf;Fj; Jizahf fy;tpiaf; fw;nghk;-
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[.
bgUf;fp ? tpidbar;rk;
jpUj;jp ? tpidbar;rk;
mfw;wp ? tpidbar;rk;
mUe;Jiz ? gz;g[j;bjhif

nghw;W ? tpidbar;rk;
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gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;.
bgUf;fp ? bgUf;F + , jpUj;jp ? jpUj;J + ,
bgUf;F ? gFjp jpUj;J ? gFjp
, ? tpidbar;r tpFjp , ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
gyt[s; bjupf
1. `mUisg; bgUf;fp mwpitj; jpUj;jp~
? ,t;toapy; gapd;W tUk; bjhil eak; ahJ>
m) vJif M) nkhid
,) ,iag[ <) Kuz; [tpil: M) nkhid]
2. `fw;wtu; tHp muR bry;Yk;~ vd;W TWk; ,yf;fpak; __________.
m) fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak; M) gf;jp ,yf;fpak;
,) r=;;f ,yf;fpak; <) ePjp ,yf;fpak; [tpil: ,) r=;;f ,yf;fpak;]
3. `bra;F jk;gpg; ghtyu;~ ,t;thW miHf;fg;gLfpwhu; __________.

m) rjhtjhdp M) jrhtjhdp
,) bkhHp +hapW <) ftpkzp [tpil: m) rjhtjhdp]
4. `CWk; ePu;nghyf; fw;Fk; mst[ mwpt[ Ruf;Fk;~ vd;W Twpatu; ahu;>

m) xsitahu;; M) fgpyu;
,) jpUts;Stu; <) bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; [tpil: ,) jpUts;Stu;]
5. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; rpwe;J tps=;fpa fiy __________.

m) Xtpak; M) rjhtjhdk;
,) ehl;oak; <) rpw;gk; [tpil: M) rjhtjhdk;]
6. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyupd; khtl;lk; __________ tl;lk; __________.
,ay; 5
m) fd;dpahFkup/ ,lyhf;Fo M) j+;rht{u;/ gilj;jiytd;Fo

,) flY}u;/ k+;rf;Fg;gk; <) brd;id/ kapyhg;g{u;
[tpil: m) fd;dpahFkup/ ,lyhf;Fo]
7. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; __________ tajpnyna bra;a[s; ,aw;Wk; jpwd; bgw;wtu;.

m) gj;J M) gjpide;J
,) gjpbdl;L <) ,UgJ [tpil: M) gjpide;J]
8. rjhtjhdp vd;w ghuhl;lg; bgw;wtu; __________.

m) ckWg;g[ytu; M) gD mfkJ kiuf;fhau;
,) bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; <) gof;fhj g[ytu; [tpil: ,) bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu;]
9. rjhtjhdp vd;gJ __________.

m) E}W bray;fis xnu neuj;jpy; bra;J fhl;LtJ
M) Mapuk; ahidfisg; nghupy; bfhy;tJ
,) E}W kyu;fis xnu ,lj;jpy; Ftpg;gJ
<) Mapuk; ngUf;F cztpLtJ
[tpil: m) E}W bray;fis xnu neuj;jpy; bra;J fhl;LtJ]
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10. bra;Fjk;gpg;ghtyu; rjhtjhdp vd;W ghuhl;Lg; bgw;w ,lk; __________ ehs; __________.
m) brd;id tpf;nlhupah mu=;fk;/ 1907 khu;r; 10
M) brd;id jPt[j; jply;/ 1909 khu;r; 8
,) j+;rht{u; jpyfu; jply;/ 1908 gpg;utup 8
<) jpUr;rp mz;zh ikjhdk;/ 1906 khu;r; 6
[tpil: m) brd;id tpf;nlhupah mu=;fk;/ 1907 khu;r; 10]
11. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyupd; epiditg; nghw;Wk; tifapy; kzpkz;lgKk; gs;spa[k; mike;Js;s

,lk; __________.
m) fd;dpahFkup M) ,lyhf;Fo
,) brd;id <) kapyhg;g{u; [tpil: M) ,lyhf;Fo]
12. `rjk;~ vd;why; __________ vd;W bghUs;.

m) gj;J M) E}W
,) Mapuk; <) ,yl;rk; [tpil: M) E}W]
13. njhz;Lk; mst[ ePu;nghyf; fw;Fk; mst[ mwpt[ Ruf;Fk; vd;W TWtJ __________.
m) ehyoahu; M) jpUf;Fws;
,) Vyhjp <) jpupfLfk; [tpil: M) jpUf;Fws;]
FWtpdh
1. Vd; fy;tpiag; nghw;wpf; fhf;f ntz;Lk; vdr; bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;>

mUspidg; bgUf;fp/ mwpitr; rPuhf;fp/ kaf;fk; mfw;wp/ mwpt[f;Fj; bjspt[ je;J/ capUf;F
mupa Jizaha; ,d;gk; nru;g;gJ fy;tpna MFk;. vdnt/ mijg; nghw;wpf; fw;f ntz;Lk;
vdr; bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
,ay; 5
2. rjhtjhdk; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
`rjk;~ vd;why; E}W vd;W bghUs;. xUtuJ g[yikiaa[k; epidthw;wiya[k; Ez;zwpita[k;
nrhjpg;gjw;fhf xnu neuj;jpy; epfH;j;jg;gLk; E}W bray;fisa[k; epidtpy; bfhz;L
tpilaspj;jny rjhtjhdk; MFk;.
3. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; Vd; rjhtjhdp vd;W nghw;wg;gLfpwhu;>
bra;Fjk;gpahu; 1907 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; 10Mk; ehs; brd;id tpf;nlhupah mu=;fj;jpy; mwp+u;
gyu; Kd;dpiyapy; E}W bray;fis xnu neuj;jpy; bra;J fhl;o `rjhtjhdp~ vd;W ghuhl;lg;
bgw;whu;. md;W Kjy; `rjhtjhdp bra;F jk;gpg; ghtyu;~ vd;W midtuhYk; miHf;fg;gl;lhu;.
4. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
bgau; : bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu;
fhyk; : 1874 ? 1950
Cu; : fd;dpahFkup ? ,lyhf;Fo
rpwg;g[ : 15 tajpy; bra;a[s; ,aw;Wk; Mw;wy;/ 1907,y; rjhtjhdp gl;lk; bgw;whu;.
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1. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; eP=;fs; gapy tpUk;g[k; fy;tp Fwpj;J tFg;giwapy; fye;Jiuahof; Fwpg;g[iu

cUthf;Ff.
Mrpupau; : fiy/ eP tU=;fhyj;jpy; vd;df; fy;tp bgw tpUk;g[fpwha;>
fiy : mk;kh/ ehd; ,s=;fiyj; jkpH; gof;f tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;. Vbdd;why;/ cyfnk
nghw;Wk; bre;jkpH;j;jhapd; bgUikia ehd; mwpe;Jbfhs;snt fw;fpd;nwd;.
Mrpupau; : ed;W. ypy;yp eP vd;d fw;f tpUk;g[fpwha;>
ypy;yp :
mk;kh/ ehd; kUj;Jtk; gof;f tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;. Vbdd;why;/ ViHfSf;F
,ytrkhf cau; kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir mspg;gjw;fhf.
Mrpupau; : ey;yJ/ ey;yJ. rkPdh eP vd;d fw;f tpUk;g[fpwha;>
rkPdh : mk;kh/ ehd; rl;lk;; gof;f tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;. Vbdd;why;/ ViHfSf;F ,ytrkhf
rl;lcjtp bra;tjw;fhf.
Mrpupau; : X- mg;goah-
bry;tp :
mk;kh/ ehd; tuyhW gof;f tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;. Vbdd;why;/ gytifapy;
kiwe;Js;s ek; tuyhw;iw btspf;bfhz;L tUtjw;fhf.
Mrpupau; :
ey;yJ. c=;fs; Kaw;rpf;F ey;y gyd; fpilf;Fk;. eP=;fs; gog;gnjhL
kl;Lky;yhky; ek;ikr; Rw;wpa[s;s r@fj;ijg; gof;f itf;f ntz;Lk;.

,ay; 5
www.nammakalvi.in
,ay; fy;tp ftpijg; ngiH

jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzk;
5 ? gu+;nrhjp Kdptu;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
,ilf;fhldhupd; ghliy ,fH;e;jtu; __________ ,ilf;fhldhuplk; md;g[ itj;jtu;

1.
__________.
m) mikr;ru;/ kd;dd; M) mikr;ru;/ ,iwtd;
,) ,iwtd;/ kd;dd; <) kd;dd;/ ,iwtd; [tpil: <) kd;dd;/ ,iwtd;]
FWtpdh
1. ``fHpe;j bgUk;nfs;tpapdhd; vdf; nfl;L KGJ czu;e;j fgpyd; jd; ghy;
bghHpe;j bgUk; fhjy;kpF nfz;ikapdhd; ,ilf;fhl;Lg; g[ytd; bjd;brhy;~~
? ,t;tofspy; fHpe;j bgUk; nfs;tpapdhd; ahu;>
fhjy; kpF nfz;ikapdhd; ahu;>
fHpe;j bgUk; nfs;tpapdhd; (kpFe;j fy;tpawpt[ cilatu;) ? Fnyrghz;oad;.
fhjy;kpF nfz;ikapdhd; (fgpyuplk; el;g[ bfhz;ltu;) ? ,ilf;fhldhu;.
2. mku;e;jhd; ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
mku;e;jhd; ? mku; + j; (e;) + j; + Md;
,ay; 5
mku; ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp/ è;~ MdJ tpfhuk;
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
Md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
rpWtpdh
1. kd;dd; ,ilf;fhldhu; vd;w g[ytDf;Fr; rpwg;g[ bra;jJ Vd;> tpsf;fk; jUf.
Fnyr ghz;oad; jkpH;g; g[yik tha;e;jtd;.
mtd; mitapy; g[ytu; ,ilf;fhldhu; ghoa ghliy kd;dd; bghUl;gLj;jhky;
mtkjpj;jhd;.
,ilf;fhldhu; flk;gtdj;J ,iwtdplk; Kiwapl;lhu;.
,iwtd; flk;gtdk; nfhapiy tpl;L eP=;fp itif Mw;wpd; bjw;nf nfhapy; cUthf;fp
mku;e;jhu;.
,ijawpe;j kd;dd; ahd; vd;d jtW bra;njd;> Vd; ,=;F mku;e;jPu;> vd;W tUe;jpdhd;.
,iwtd;/ ,ilf;fhldhu; ghliy ,fH;e;j Fw;wnk jtpu/ ntW ve;j jtWk; ,y;iy
vd;whu;.
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jd; jtiw czu;e;j kd;dd; ,ilf;fhldhiu miHj;J k=;fy xg;gid bra;J/ bghd;
,Uf;ifapy; mku;j;jp/ gzpe;J tz=;fp jk; jtiwg; bghWj;jUs ntz;odhd;.
beLtpdh
1. ,iwtd; g[ytu; ,ilf;fhld; FuYf;Fr; brtprha;j;j epfH;it eaj;Jld; vGJf.

Fwpg;g[r; rl;lk;
kd;ddpd; mitapy; ,ilf;fhldhu;
,ilf;fhldhupd; g[yikia mtkjpj;jy;
,ilf;fhldhu; ,iwtdplk; KiwapLjy;
,iwtd; nfhtpiy tpl;L btspnaWjy;
,iwtdplk; kd;dd; ntz;Ljy;;
,iwtdpd; gjpy;
gpiHiag; bghWj;jUs ,iwtdplk; ntz;Ljy;;
kd;dd; ,ilf;fhldhUf;Fg; bgUik bra;jy;;
kd;dd; g[ytuplk; ntz;Ljy;

kd;ddpd; mitapy; ,ilf;fhldhu; :
ntg;gkhiy mzpe;j Fnyr ghz;oad; kpFe;j fy;tpawpt[ cilatd;. ,ijf;
nfs;tpa[w;w ,ilf;fhldhu; Fnyrdpd; mitf;Fr; brd;W jhd; ,aw;wpa ftpijiag; goj;jhu;.
,ilf;fhldhupd; g[yikia mtkjpj;jy; :
ntg;gkhiy mzpe;j Fnyrghz;oad; kpFe;j fy;tpawpt[ cilatd;. jkpHwpa[k;
bgUkhd;/ moahu;f;F ey;epjp nghd;wtd;/ bghUl;bry;tKk; fy;tpr; bry;tKk; cilatd;
vd;W nfl;Lzu;e;J jh=;fs; Kd; Rit epuk;gpa ftpij ghodhu; ,ilf;fhldhu;. ghz;oad;
rpwpnjDk; ghliyg; bghUl;gLj;jhky; g[ytupd; g[yikia mtkjpj;jhd;.
,ay; 5
,ilf;fhldhu; ,iwtdplk; KiwapLjy; :

,iwth- ghz;oad; vd;id ,fHtpy;iy. brhy;ypd; tothd ghu;tjpiaa[k;/ bghUspd;
tothd ck;ika[k; mtkjpj;jhd; vd;W rpdj;Jld; ,iwtdplk; Twpdhu;.
,iwtd; nfhtpiy tpl;L btspnaWjy; :
,ilf;fhldhupd; ntz;Lnfhis Vw;W itif Mw;wpd; bjw;nf nfhapy; mikj;Jf;
Fobfhz;lhu; ,iwtd;. clnd fgpyUk; kfpH;e;J ,ilf;fhldhnuhL btspnawpdhu;.
,iwtdplk; kd;dd; ntz;Ljy;; :
,ijawpe;j kd;dd; ,iwtdplk; vd; gilfshy;/ giftuhy;/ fs;tuhy;/ tpy=;Ffshy;
j=;fSf;F ,ila{W Vw;gl;ljh> kiwatu; xGf;fk; Fiwe;jhnuh> jtKk;/ jhdKk;
RU=;fpanjh> ,y;ywKk;/ JwtwKk; jj;jk; tHpapy; jtwpdnth> je;ijna ehd; mwpnad;
vd;whu; Fynrfughz;oad;.
,iwtdpd; gjpy; :
`tay; NH;e;j flk;g tdj;ijtpl;L xUnghJk; eP=;fkhl;nlhk;.~ `,ilf;fhldhu; ghliy
,fH;e;j Fw;wk; jtpu cd;dplk; Fw;wk; ,y;iy~ vd;whu;. `,ilf;fhld; kPJ bfhz;l md;gpdhy;
,=;F te;njhk;~ vd;whu;.
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gpiHiag; bghWj;jUs ,iwtdplk; ntz;Ljy;; :

thdpypUe;J xypj;j ,iwtdpd; brhy; nfl;lhd; Fnyr ghz;oad;. kfpH;e;J/
guk;bghUns- g[z;zpand- rpwpatupd; Fw;wk; bghWg;gJ bgupatu;f;Fg; bgUik vd;W
Fw;wj;ijg; bghWf;f ntz;odhd;.
kd;dd; ,ilf;fhldhUf;Fg; bgUik bra;jy;; :
kd;ddpd; khspif thiH/ rhkiu ,tw;whyhd tpjhdKk; tpsf;Fk; cilaJ. g{uz
Fk;gk; khiy/ bfho ,tw;why; xg;gid bra;ag;gl;lJ. g[ytu;fs; NH ,ilf;fhldhiu
k=;fykhf xg;gid bra;J bghd; ,Uf;ifapy; mku;j;jpdhd;.
kd;dd; g[ytuplk; ntz;Ljy; :
kd;dd; g[ytu;fsplk;/ jhd; ,ilf;fhldhUf;Fr; bra;j Fw;wj;ijg; bghWj;Jf;bfhs;s
ntz;Lk; vd;whd;. g[ytu;fSk;/ ePu; Twpa mKjk; nghd;w brhy;yhy; v=;fs; rpdk;
jzpe;Jtpl;lJ vd;wdu;.
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[
nfs;tpapdhd; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
fhlDf;Fk; fgpyDf;Fk; ? vz;Qk;ik
fHpe;j ? bgabur;rk;
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;.
jzpe;jJ ? jzp + j; (e;) + j; + m + J

jzp ? gFjp
m ? rhupia
J ? glu;f;if tpidKw;W tpFjp
,ay; 5
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[
fw;nwhu; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
czu;e;jfgpyd; ? bgabur;rk;
jPk;njd;/ ey;epjp/ bgUe;jif ? gz;g[j;bjhiffs;
xGFjhu; ? tpidj;bjhif
kPdtd; ? MFbgau;
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;.
jhH;e;jhd; ? jhH; + j;(e;) + j; + Md;

jhH; ? gFjp
Md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
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gyt[s; bjupf
1. fgpyupd; ez;gu; ahu;>

m) gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; M) ,ilf;fhldhu;
,) Fnyr ghz;oad; <) xl;lf;Tj;ju; [tpil: M) ,ilf;fhldhu;]
2. jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzj;jpd; Mrpupau; ahu;>
m) rkz Kdptu; M) mfj;jpau; Kdptu;
,) gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; <) ,ilf;fhldhu; [tpil: ,) gu+;nrhjp Kdptu;]
3. jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzk; gly=;;fspd; vz;zpf;if __________.

m) 64 M) 96
,) 30 <) 18 [tpil: m) 64]
4. `jf#u; vwpe;j bgU+;nruy;~ ,Uk;bghiw ahUf;Ff; ftup tPrpdhd;>

m) gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; M) fgpyu;
,) ,ilf;fhldhu; <) nkhrpfPudhu; [tpil: <) nkhrpfPudhu;]
5. ntg;g khiy mzpe;j kd;dd;>

m) nrud; M) nrhHd;
,) ghz;oad; <) gy;ytd; [tpil: ,) ghz;oad;]
6. nkhrpfPudhu; KuRf; fl;oypy; fz;zauf; fhuzk; __________.
m) Fspu;e;j fhw;W tPrpajhy; M) ey;y cwf;fk; te;jjhy;
,) fisg;g[ kpFjpahy; <) murd; ,y;yhikahy; [tpil: ,) fisg;g[ kpFjpahy;]
7. `@upj; jPk; njd; tHpe;J xGF jhuhidf; fz;L~ vd;Dk; bjhlupy; jhuhid vd;gJ ahiuf;
Fwpf;fpwJ>
,ay; 5
m) rptbgUkhd; M) fgpyu;
,) ghz;oad; <) ,ilf;fhldhu; [tpil: ,) ghz;oad;]
8. gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; gpwe;j Cu; __________.

m) j+;rht[{u;; M) jpUkiwf;fhL
,) jpUj;Jiwg; g[{z;o <) jpUtz;zhkiy [tpil: M) jpUkiwf;fhL]
9. jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzk; fhz;l=;;fspd; vz;zpf;if __________.
m) 3 M) 4
,) 6 <) 10 [tpil: m) 3]
10. ,ilf;fhldhu; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyk; ,lk; bgWk; fhz;lk; __________.

m) kJiuf; fhz;lk; M) Tlw; fhz;lk;
,) jpU Mytha;f; fhz;lk; <) a[j;j fhz;lk; [tpil: ,) jpU Mytha;f; fhz;lk;]
11. ,ilf;fhldhu; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyk; jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzj;jpy; vj;jidahtJ glyk;>

m) 64 M) 56
,) 46 <) 48 [tpil: M) 56]
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12. murUk; g[ytUf;Ff; __________ tPRtu;.

m) ftz; M) fizahHp
,) ftup <) fy; [tpil: ,) ftup]
13. Fnyrghz;oad; __________ ehl;il Ml;rp g[upe;jhd;.
m) ghz;oa M) nru
,) nrhH <) gy;yt [tpil: m) ghz;oa]
14. Fnyr ghz;oad; vd;Dk; kd;dd; __________ g[yikapy; rpwe;J tps=;fpdhd;.
m) jkpH; M) tlbkhHp
,) bjY=;F <) fd;dlk; [tpil: m) jkpH;]
15. brhy;ypd; tothf ,iwtdpd; ,lg;g[wk; tPw;wpUg;gts; __________.

m) ghu;tjp M) jpUkfs;
,) fiykfs; <) miykfs; [tpil: m) ghu;tjp]
16. brhy;ypd; bghUshf tps=;FtJ __________.

m) ,iwtd; M) ,ilf;fhldhu;
,) fgpyu; <) ghu;tjp [tpil: m) ,iwtd;]
17.
brhy;ypd; bghUshf tps=;Fk; cd;ida[nk mtkjpj;jjhf ,iwtdplk; ,ilf;fhldhu;
__________ Twpr; brd;whu;.
m) mGifa[ld; M) rpdj;Jld;
,) Vsdj;Jld; <) cUf;fj;Jld; [tpil: M) rpdj;Jld;]
18. ,ilf;fhldhupd; brhy; __________ nghy; ,iwtdpd; jpUr;brtpapy; brd;W ijj;jJ.

m) Tupa mk;g[ M) ntw;gil
,) jP <) tplKs; [tpil: M) ntw;gil]
19. __________ Mw;wpd; bjd; gf;fj;nj xU jpUf;nfhtpiy Mf;fp ,iwtd; m=;Fr; brd;W
,ay; 5
,Ue;jhu;.
m) fhtpup M) f=;if
,) itif <) jhkpuguzp [tpil: ,) itif]
jpU Mytha;f; nfhtpiy tpl;L btspnawpa ,iwtd; __________ totj;ij kiwj;J

20.
tlf;nf itia Mw;wpd; bjd; gf;fj;nj brd;W ,Ue;jhu;.
m) eurp=;f M) gyuhk
,) ,yp=;f <) ru;g;g [tpil: ,) ,yp=;f]
21. flk;gtdj;ij tpl;L xU nghJk; eP=;f khl;nlhk; vd;W Twpatu; __________.

m) Fnyr ghz;oad; M) ,iwtd;
,) ,ilf;fhldhu; <) fgpyu; [tpil: M) ,iwtd;]
kd;dd; ,ilf;fhldhiu k=;fykhf xg;gid bra;J __________ ,Uf;ifapy; tpjpg;go

22.
mku;j;jpdhd;.
m) kufj M) bghd;
,) jd; <) itu [tpil: M) bghd;]
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23.
nfs;tpapdhd;/ fhlDf;Fk; fgpyDf;Fk; ? ,r;brhw;fSf;Fupa ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[fisf;
fz;lwpf.
m) tpidahyiza[k; bgau;/ vz;Qk;ik
M) vz;Qk;ik/ tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
,) Kw;bwr;rk;/ ck;ikj; bjhif
<) tpidbar;rk;/ bjhHpw; bgau; [tpil: m) tpidahyiza[k; bgau;/ vz;Qk;ik]
24. `khrw tprpj;j thu;g[W ts;;gpd;~ vd;W ghoa g[ytu; __________ ghlg;gl;ltd; __________.
m) nkhrpfPudhu;/ jf#u; vwpe;j bgU+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw
M) xsitahu;/ mjpakhd;
,) guzu;/ jiyahs=;fhdj;Jr; brUjtd;w ghz;oad;
<) fgpyu;/ ghup
[tpil: m) nkhrpfPudhu;/ jf#u; vwpe;j bgU+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw]
25. muz;kidapd; KuRf; fl;oypy; J}=;fpatu; __________ ftup tPrpa kd;du; __________.
m) ,ilf;fhldhu;/ Fnyr ghz;oad;
M) nkhrpfPudhu;/ bgU+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw
,) fgpyu;/ ghup
<) guzu;/ ngfd; [tpil: M) nkhrpfPudhu;/ bgU+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw]
26. gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; __________ E}w;whz;ilr; nru;e;jtu;.

m) gj;jhk; M) gjpndHhk;
,) gjpbdl;lhk; <) gjpide;jhk; [tpil: M) gjpndHhk;]
27. gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; __________ gf;jp kpf;ftu;.
m) rpt M) bgUkhs;
,) KUf <) njr [tpil: m) rpt]
,ay; 5
28. jpUtpisahlw; fijfs; __________ Kjw;bfhz;L Twg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

m) rpyg;gjpfhuk; M) kzpnkfiy
,) rPtfrpe;jhkzp <) bjhy;fhg;gpak; [tpil: m) rpyg;gjpfhuk;]
FWtpdh
1. Ek; ftpijg; ngiHg; gFjp mike;j jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzg; ghly; mike;j fhz;lk; kw;Wk;
glyk; vJ>
fhz;lk;: jpU Mytha;f; fhz;lk;
glyk; : ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyk;
2. ``re;epjpapy; tPH;e;J vGe;J jkpH; mwpa[k; bgUkhnd~~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ>
,ilf;fhldhu; ,iwtdplk; Twpdhu;.
3. èpd;,lk; gpupah ,ikag; ghit~ ? ,t;tofspy; Rl;lg;gLgtu; ahu;>
<rdpd; ,lj;jpy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; ghu;tjp njtpna ,t;tofspy; Rl;lg;gLfpd;whu;.
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4. `brhy; bghUshd cd;ida[nk ,fH;e;jdd;~ ? bghUshdtd; ahu;> ,fH;e;jtd; ahu;>

1.bghUshdtd; ? jpUMytha; ,iwtd; <rd;
2. ,fH;e;jtd; ? Fnyr ghz;oad;
5. ``gpiHj;jdnth ahd; mwpnad; ve;jha;~~ ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ>
Fnyr ghz;oad; ,iwtdplk; (<rd;) Twpdhu;.
6. `àhk; mtdplj;jpy; itj;j mUspdhy; te;njk;~~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ>
,iwtd; (<rd;) Fnyr ghz;oadplk; Twpdhu;.
7. `àhk; mtdplj;jpy; itj;j mUspdhy; te;njk;~~ vd;W ,iwtd; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ>
,ilf;fhldhupd; bra;a[is Fnyr ghz;oad; ,fH;e;jhd;. ,iwtd; ,ilf;fhldhupd; kPJ
kpFe;j md;g[ itj;jpUe;jjdhy; ,iwtd; nfhtpiy tpl;L eP=;fpdhd;.
8. ``rpwpnahu; Fw;wk; bghWg;gJ bgUikad;nwh
vz;zpa bgupnahu;f;F~~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ>
Fnyr ghz;oad; ,iwtpdlk; (<rd;) Twpdhu;.
9. brhy; totha; epd;wtu; ahu;> brhy; bghUsha; tps=;fpatu; ahu;>
1. brhy; totha; epd;wtu;: ghu;tjp njtp
2. brhy; bghUsha; tps=;fpatu;: ,iwtd; (<rd;)
vz;zpa bgupnahu;f;F~~ ? ,t;tofspy; mike;j Kuz; brhw;fs; vit>
rpwpnahu; ? bgupnahu;
11. ``jz;zpa mKjhy; v=;fs; nfhgj;jPj; jzpe;jJ~~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ>
g[ytu; ,ilf;fhldhu; Fnyr ghz;oadplk; Twpdhu;.
,ay; 5
12. ``gz;zpa Fw;wk; vy;yhk; bghWf;f vdg;gutpj; jhH;e;jtd;~~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ>
Fnyr ghz;oad; g[ytu; ,ilf;fhldhuplk; Twpdhu;.
13. gz;zpa Fw;wk; vy;yhk; bghWf;f vdg;gutpj; jhH;e;jtd;~~ gz;zpa Fw;wk; ahJ>
Fnyr ghz;oad; ,ilf;fhldhupd; ghliy ,fH;e;jhu;. mjdhy; ,iwtd; nfhapiy tpl;L
eP=;fpdhu;.
14. brhy;nyUHtDf;Ff; ftup tPrpa tpy;nyUHtd; ? brhy;nyUHtd; ahu;> tpy;nyUHtd; ahu;>
1. brhy;nyUHtd; (g[ytd;) ? nkhrpfPudhu;
2. tpy;nyUHtd; (kd;dd;) ? jf#u; vwpe;j bgU+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw
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rpWtpdh
1. ``gpiHj;jdnth ahd; mwpnad; ve;jha;~~ vd;W ghz;oad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpaij vGJf.
,iwtnd/ vd;dhy;/ vd;gilfshy;/ vd; giftuhy;/ fs;tuhy;/ fhl;oy; cs;s tpy=;Ffshy;
,j;jkpH;ehl;oy; j=;fSf;F ,ila{W Vw;gl;ljh>
ntj=;fis gapd;wtu; ey;byhGf;fj;jpy; jtwpdhuh>
jtKk; jUkKk; RU=;fpanjh>
,y;ywKk; JwtwKk; jj;jk; bewpapy; ,Ue;J jtwpdnth>
? vkJ je;ijna ahd; mwpnad; vd;W Fnyr ghz;oad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpdhd;.
2. ``gpiHj;jdnth ahd; mwpnad; ve;jha;~~ ? ,l+;Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;fk; jUf.

,lk; Rl;ly;:
bgupag[uhzk; jpU Mytha;f; fhz;lj;jpy;/ ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyj;jpy;
Fnyr ghz;oad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpdhd;.

bghUs; tpsf;fk;:
,iwtnd/ vd;dhy;/ vd; gilfshy;/ vd; giftuhy;/ fs;tuhy;/ fhl;oy; cs;s
tpy=;Ffshy; ,j;jkpH;ehl;oy; j=;fSf;F ,ila{W Vw;gl;ljh> ntj=;fis gapd;wtu;
ey;byhGf;fj;jpy; jtwpdhuh> jtKk; jUkKk; RU=;fpanjh> ,y;ywKk; JwtwKk; jj;jk;
bewpapy; ,Ue;J jtwpdnth> vkJ je;ijna ahd; mwpand; vd;W ghz;oad; ,iwtdplk;
tpdtpdhd;.
vz;zpa bgupnahu;f;F~~ ? ,l+;Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;fk; jUf.

,lk; Rl;ly;:
bgupag[uhzk; jpU Mytha;f; fhz;lj;jpy;/ ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyj;jpy;
Fnyr ghz;oad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpdhd;.
,ay; 5

bghUs; tpsf;fk;:
thdpypUe;J xypj;j ,iwtdpd; brhy; nfl;Lg; ghz;oad;/ ``ghu;tjp njtpia xU
ghfj;jpy; bfhz;l guk;bghUns/ g[z;zpand/ rpwpatu;fspd; Fw;wk; bghWg;gJ bgupatUf;Fg;
bgUikay;yth>~~ vd;W jd; Fw;wj;ijg; bghWf;f ntz;odhu;.
1. ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyj;ij ehlfkhf;fp tFg;gpy; eoj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
ehlfk; ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyk;

ehlfkhe;ju; ,ilf;fhldhu; / Fnyrghz;oad;/ ,iwtd; (rptd;)/ fgpyu;.
epfHplk; ghz;oaehL
,ilf;fhldhu; : kd;dh/ thH;f- ehd; fgpydpd; ez;gd;. ehd; ,aw;wpa ghliy c=;fs;
Kd; ghl tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.
Fnyrghz;oad; : (fu;tj;njhLk;) ghLk;. (,ilf;fhldhu; ghliyg; ghLfpd;whu;)
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,ilf;fhldhu; :
(,iwtdplk; Kiwaply;) ,iwth- ghz;oad; vd; ghliyg;
bghUl;gLj;jhky; ck;ika[k; ghu;tjpnjtpiaa[k; mtkjpj;jhd;.
,iwtd; :
fgpyUf;fhft[k; ,ilf;fhldhUf;fhft[k;/ ,e;jf; nfhtpiy tpl;Lr;
bry;fpd;nwd;. (,iwtd; nfhtpiy tpl;L btspnawy;)
Fnyrghz;oad; : ,iwtnd- vd;dhy;/ vd; gilfshy;/ vd; giftuhy;/ fs;tuhy;/ fhl;oy;
cs;s tpy=;Ffshy; j=;fSf;F ,ila{W Vw;gl;ljh> ntj=;fisg;
gapd;wtu; ey;byhGf;fj;jpy; jtwpdhuh> jtKk; jUkKk; RU=;fpanjh>
,y;ywKk; JwtwKk; jj;jk; bewpapy; ,Ue;J jtwpdnth> vkJ je;ijna
ahd; mwpnad;.
,iwtd; :
,ilf;fhldhu; ghliy ,fH;e;j Fw;wk; jtpu ntW Fw;wk; ,y;iy.
,ilf;fhldhu; kPJ bfhz;l md;ghy; ,=;F te;njhk;.
Fnyrghz;oad; :
ghu;tjpnjtpia xU ghfj;jpy; bfhz;l guk;bghUns/ g[z;zpand/
rpwpatu;fspd; Fw;wk; bghWg;gJ bgupatUf;Fg; bgUikay;yth>vd;
Fw;wj;ijg; bghWf;f.
(g[ytu;fis xg;gid bra;J bghd; ,Uf;ifapy; mku itj;jy;)
Fnyrghz;oad; : g[ytu;fns vd;id kd;dpa[k;. ,ilf;fhldhUf;Fr; bra;j Fw;wj;ijg;
bghWf;f .
fgpyu; kw;Wk;
,ilf;fhldhu; : kd;dh- ePu; Twpa mKjk; nghd;w Fspu;e;j brhy;yhy; v=;fs; rpdkhd jP
jzpe;jJ.

,ay; 5
www.nammakalvi.in
,ay; fy;tp tpupthdk;
g[jpa ek;gpf;if
5 ? fkyhyad;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
beLtpdh
1. fw;if ed;nw fw;if ed;nw

gpr;ir g[fpDk; fw;if ed;nw ? vd;fpwJ btw;wpntw;if.
nkupaplk; ,Ue;J gwpf;fg;gl;l g[j;jfk;/ mr;rpWkpapd; thH;f;ifapy; fy;tpr; Rliu Vw;wpa
fijiag; gw;wpa c=;fspd; fUj;Jfis tptupf;f.
Fwpg;g[r; rl;lk;
Kd;Diu
,sik thH;f;if
nkupf;F Vw;gl;l mtkhdk;
nkupapd; Vf;fk;
je;ijapd; mwpt[iu
nkupapd; jd;dk;gpf;if
gl;lkspg;g[ tpHh
nkw;gog;g[
g[jpanjhu; gazk;
,ay; 5
Cnu TLjy;
Kot[iu
Kd;Diu :
tuyhw;wpy; kdpju;fs; tUfpwhu;fs;. rpyu; tuyhwhfnt thH;fpwhu;fs;. me;j tifapy; fy;tp
mwptw;w/ ,Ul;r@fj;jpy; xw;iwr; Rluha; gpwe;J Xuhapuk; Rlu;fis Vw;wp/ nkup bkf;ypnahl;
bgj;a{d; fijiag; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;nghk;.
,sik thH;f;if :
nkup jd; jha; je;ijnahL gUj;jpf; fhl;oy; ntiy bra;a[k; fy;tp mwptw;w ciHf;Fk;
FLk;gk;. mr;NHypYk; nkup jdf;bfd;w jdp ghij tFg;ghs;. mJ/ vJthfpDk; jhd; Kjypy;
ghu;f;f ntz;Lk; vd Mirg;gLths;.
nkupf;F Vw;gl;l mtkhdk;:
nkup xUehs; jha[ld; tpy;rd; tPl;ow;Fr; bry;fpwhs;. m=;Ff; FHe;ijfs; tpisahLtijf;
fz;L tpag;g[w;whYk; mts; fz;fs; m=;F ,Ue;j g[j;jfj;jpd; kPnj brd;wJ. xU g[j;jfj;ij
vLj;Jg; g[ul;og; ghu;f;fpd;wnghJ tpy;rdpd; ,isa kfs; g[j;jfj;ij btLf;bfd;W gpL=;fp
cd;dhy; gof;fKoahJ vd;W Twpdhs;. me;j thu;j;ij mts; kdijf; fpHpj;jJ. clnd
tPl;il tpl;L btspnawpdhs;.
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nkupapd; Vf;fk; :
tpy;rdpd; tPl;oy; ele;j mtkhd=;fis vz;zp fz;zPu; toj;Jj; jd; je;ijaplk;
ehd; gof;f ntz;Lk;. goj;jhy;jhd; ,r;r@fk; kjpf;Fk; vd;W TWfpwhs;.
je;ijapd; mwpt[iu :
nkup ehk; gs;spr; bry;yKoahJ. ekf;bfd;W jdpahfg; gs;spf;Tlk; ,y;iy. btspa{upy;
gs;spapy; bts;isf;fhuu;fs; gof;Fk; gs;spjhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjpYk; ek;ikr; nru;f;fkhl;lhu;fs;
vd;whu;.
nkupapd; jd;dk;gpf;if:
gjpbdhU taJ epuk;gpa nkup tay;fhl;oypUe;J gUj;jp@l;iliar; Rke;Jbfhz;L
tPl;ow;F te;jhs;. mg;nghJ tPl;oy; Kd;gpd; mwpKfk; ,y;yhj bgz; jd;id mwpKfk;
bra;Jbfhz;L/ eP gof;f ntz;Lk;" cd; ntiyfis Koj;Jf;bfhz;L rPf;fpuk; tuntz;Lk;
vd;whu;. nkupf;F eh vHtpy;iy/ thailj;J epd;W thrpf;fg; g[wg;gl;lhs;" gof;fj; bjhl=;fpdhs;.
g[jpJ g[jpjhf fw;whs;. jd; ghijia bky;y bky;y cau;j;jpdhs;. ,Wjp tFg;g[ goj;J/
rhd;wpjH; bgw;whs;.
gl;lkspg;g[ tpHh :
njhy;tpna btw;wpf;F Kjy;go vd;gij czu;e;j nkup/ tpy;rdpd; ,isa kfs; vd;id
mtkjpf;fh tpl;lhy; ,e;j Cf;fk; fpilj;jpUf;fhJ. mr;rpWkpapd; bray; vdf;F neuplhtpl;lhy;
,e;j tpUJ bgw ,ayhJ vd;W vz;zp bgUkpjk; mile;j nkupf;F vGj gof;fj; bjupa[k;
vdg; gl;lk; mspj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ.
nkw;gog;g[ :
gl;lkspg;g[ tpHhtpd;nghJ tpy;rd; njhspy; nkupia mizj;J èP vdf;F vd;d bra;ag;
nghfpwha;~ vd;whu;. ``kp!; ehd; nkYk; gof;f tpUk;g[fpnwd;~~ vd;whu;. Mdhy; miyflypy;
mfg;gl;l fg;gy; fiunru ,ayhj epiynghy; ,Ue;jhs;.
g[jpanjhu; gazk; :
,ay; 5
kPz;Lk; jd; gzpapidg; gUj;jpf;fhl;oy; bjhl=;fpdhu;fs;. mg;nghJ kp!; tpy;rd;
m=;F te;J/ bts;isf;fhug; bgz;kzp xU fUg;gpd FHe;ijapd; gog;gpw;fhf gzk;
mDg;gp ,Uf;fpwhu;. mijg; bgWtjw;Fupa Mshf ePjhd; nju;e;bjLf;fg;gl;oUf;fpwha;. eP
nky;gog;gpw;fhf lt[Df;Fg; nghfntz;Lk; jahuhF vd;whu; nkupaplk;.
Cnu TLjy; :
nkup nky;gog;gpw;Fr; bry;y bjhlu;tz;o epiyaj;jpy; Cnu xd;W ToaJ. midtUk;
Fl;ig nkup/ Fl;ig btw;wp cz;lhfl;Lk; vd;W thH;j;jp tpil bfhLj;jdu;.
Kot[iu:
rhjhuzg; bgz;zhfg; gpwe;J rhjidg; bgz;zhf khwpaJ nkupapd; thH;t[.nkYk;/
rKjhaj;jpd; mwpahik ,Uisg; nghf;f njhd;wpa nkupn$d;dpd; thH;tpay; epfH;t[fisg;
nghy ehKk; mtkhd=;fis btFkhdkhf khw;w Kaw;rpg;nghk;.
``fw;if ed;nw fw;if ed;nw

gpr;ir g[fpDk; fw;if ed;nw~~
vd;gjid czu;nthk;- btw;wp bgWnthk;--
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. `cdf;Fg; gof;fj; bjupahJ~ vd;W cs;sj;jpy; bgw;w mo nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d; __________
cUthf;fplf; fhuzkhdJ.
m) Fg;ig bfhl;Lk; ,lj;jpy; xU gs;spia
M) bjUKidapy; xU fy;Y}upia
,) kf;fs; TLkplj;jpy; xU rKjhaf; Tlj;ij
<) fpuhkj;jpy; ViH khztu;fSf;fhd gs;spia
[tpil: m) Fg;ig bfhl;Lk; ,lj;jpy; xU gs;spia]
2. nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d; Fg;ig bfhl;Lk; ,lj;jpy; xU gs;spia cUthf;fpl gzk; nru;j;j
tpj=;fs; __________.
i) rikay; bra;J ii) njhl;lkpl;L
iii) bghJ ,l=;fspy; ghl;Lg; gho iv) gpr;irbaLj;J
m) i, ii, iii - rup M) ii, iii, iv - rup
,) ehd;Fk; rup <) iii - kl;Lk; rup [tpil: m) i, ii, iii - rup]
3. mbkupf;f fWg;gpdg; bgz;kzp nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d; __________ r@f=;fspd; xU

Fuyhf ,Ue;jtu;.
m) cybf=;Fk; @iy KLf;Ffspy; cs;s xLf;fg;gl;l/ fy;tp kWf;fg;gl;l
M) iftplg;gl;l/ neha;tha;g;gl;l
,) kWkzk; kWf;fg;gl;l
<) ciHf;Fk;
[tpil: m) cybf=;Fk; @iy KLf;Ffspy; cs;s xLf;fg;gl;l/ fy;tp kWf;fg;gl;l]
,ay; 5
4. nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d; vd;Dk; mbkupf;ff; fy;tpahsupd;/ thH;f;ifia `cdf;Fg; gof;fj;

bjupahJ~ vd;w jiyg;gpy; E}yhfg; gilj;jtu; __________.
m) mfpyd; M) fkyhyad;
,) fPjhyad; <) b$afhe;jd; [tpil: M) fkyhyad;]
5. bfhw;if vd;Dk; Cu; mike;Js;s khtl;lk; __________.

m) jpUbey;ntyp M) kJiu
,) J}j;Jf;Fo <) Fkup [tpil: ,) J}j;Jf;Fo]
6. ``bfhw;iff; nfhkhd; bfhw;ifak; bgUe;Jiw~~ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y; __________.
m) mfehD}W M) g[wehD}W
,) I=;FWE}W <) ew;wpiz [tpil: ,) I=;FWE}W]
1. fy;tp tha;g;gw;w NHypy; xw;iwr; Rluhf te;J xspnaw;wpdhu; nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d;/
mJnghyj; jkpHfj;jpy; fy;tp tha;g;gw;wtu;fspd; thH;tpy; Kjw;Rlu; Vw;wpatu;fSs; ahnuDk;
xUtu; Fwpj;j bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;Jr; rpy gl=;fSld; FWk;g[j;jfk; xd;iwf; FGthf
cUthf;Ff.
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,sik:
20.5.1845y; nfhit murk;ghisaj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;.
,aw;bgau; : fhj;jtuhad;
je;ij : fe;jrhkp
jd; Mrpupau; kPJs;sgw;wpd; fhuzkhf mtu; bgauhfpa mnahj;jpjhru;
vd;gijj; jd; bgauhf khw;wpf;bfhz;lhu;.
fy;tpg; gzp:
jhH;j;jg;gl;l FHe;ijfSf;Ff; fy;tp kWf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; mnahj;jpjhru;
mnahj;jpjhru; gpuk;k +hd rig My;fhl; bjhlu;ghy;/ brd;idapy;
Kf;fpakhd Ie;J ,l=;fspy; g+;rku; gs;spfs; vdj; jhH;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;F ,ytrg;
gs;spfis epWtp rpwe;j fy;tpapid tH=;fpdhu;.
r@fg;gzp:
jhH;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;F mUk;ghLgl;ltu;. jhH;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;Ff; fy;tp trjpnahL
fy;tp cjtpj;bjhif fpilf;ft[k; Vw;ghL bra;jhu;. fy;tpapy; nju;r;rp bgw;w jhH;j;jg;gl;l
kf;fSf;F muR ntiya[k; cs;shl;rp mikg;g[fspy; tha;g;g[k; tH=;fr; bra;jhu;.
gilg;g[fs;:
g[j;juJ Mjpntjk;/ jpUthrf ciu/ xUigrhj; jkpHd; ,jH;.
2.
fy;tpf; fz; jpwe;jtu;fSf;fpilapy; iftplg;gl;l bgz;fSf;fhf ciHj;j jkpHfj;jpd;
Kjy; bgz; kUj;Jtu; Kj;Jbyl;Rkp gw;wpa xU bjhFg;ngl;oid cUthf;fp tFg;giwapy;
fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
bgz;Qupik KHf;fk;:
,sikg;gUtk;: 1926y; mfpy ,e;jpa bgz;fs;
g[Jf;nfhl;il jpUf;nfhfu;zk; khehl;oy; Mz;fSf;F epfuhfg;
vd;w ,lj;jpy; 1886y; gpwe;jhu;. bgz;fs; Kd;ndw ntz;Lk;.
bgz;fis moikfshf elj;Jk;
,ay; 5
bgw;nwhu; :
tHf;fk; xHpa ntz;Lk; vd;W
ehuhazrhkp ? re;jpuhk;ghs;
KHf;fk; bra;jhu;.
rpwg;g[: r@fg; gzp:

,e;jpag;bgz;fs; r=;fj;jpd; njtjhrpKiw xHpg;g[/
Kjy; jiytu;. ,Ujhuj; jilr;rl;lk;/
rl;lkd;wj;Jf;Fj; bgz;fSf;Fr; brhj;Jupikr; rl;lk;/
nju;e;bjLf;fg;gl;lKjy; FHe;ijj; jpUkzj; jilr;rl;lk;.
bgz;kzp.

www.nammakalvi.in
,ay; fy;tp fw;fz;L

tpdh/ tpil tiffs;/
5 bghUs;nfhs;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. ``,=;F efug; ngUe;J epw;Fkh>~~ vd;W tHpg;nghf;fu; nfl;lJ __________ tpdh.

`mnjh m=;nf epw;Fk;~ vd;W kw;bwhUtu; TwpaJ __________ tpil.
m) Iatpdh/ tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy;
M) mwptpdh/ kiwtpil
,) mwpahtpdh/ Rl;Ltpil
<) bfhsy; tpdh/ ,dbkhHp tpil [tpil: ,) mwpahtpdh/ Rl;Ltpil]
FWtpdh
1.
,e;j miw ,Ul;lhf ,Uf;fpwJ. kpd;tpsf;fpd; brhLf;fp ve;jg;;gf;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ> ,njh.
,Uf;fpwJ- brhLf;fpiag; nghl;lhYk; btspr;rk; tutpy;iyna- kpd;rhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh/
,y;iyah>
nkw;fz;l ciuahlypy; cs;s tpdhf;fspd; tiffis vLj;bjGJf.
tpil:
,ay; 5
m) kpd;tpsf;fpd; brhLf;fp ve;jg;gf;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ>

? mwpahtpdh
M) ,njh.... ,Uf;fpwnj-
? Rl;L tpil
,) brhLf;fpiag; nghl;lhYk; btspr;rk; tutpy;iyna- kpd;rhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh/ ,y;iyah>
? Iatpdh
rpWtpdh
1. Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk; Kaw;wpd;ik
,d;ik g[Fj;jp tpLk;.
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; mike;Js;s bghUs;nfhspd; tifiar; Rl;o tpsf;Ff.
,g;ghlypy; mike;Js;s bghUs;nfhs; Mw;WePu;g; bghUs;nfhs;.

bghUs;nfhs; ,yf;fzk;:
ghlypd; bjhlf;fk; Kjy; Kot[ tiu Mw;WePupd; nghf;ifg; nghy neuhfnt bghUs;
bfhs;SkhW mikjy; Mw;WePu;g; bghUs;nfhs;.
www.nammakalvi.in

bghUs;nfhs; tpsf;fk; :
,g;ghlypy; Kaw;rp bry;tj;ijj; jUk;" Kaw;rp bra;ahik tWikiaj; jUk; vd;W
ghlypd; bjhlf;fk; Kjy; Kot[ tiu neuhfg; bghUs; bfhs;Sk; Kiwapy; mike;jpUg;gjhy;
,J Mw;W ePu;g;bghUs;nfhs; Mapw;W.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. jhd; mwpahj xd;iw mwpe;J bfhs;tjw;fhf tpdt[tJ __________.

m) mwptpdh M) mwpahtpdh
,) Iatpdh <) Vty; tpdh [tpil: M) mwpahtpdh]
2. gpwUf;Fg; bghUisf; bfhLj;J cjt[k; bghUl;L tpdt[tJ __________.

m) Vty; tpdh M) bfhsy; tpdh
,) Ia tpdh <) bfhil tpdh [tpil: <) bfhil tpdh]
3. khl;nld; vd;W kWg;gij Vt[jyhff; TWk; tpil __________.

m) kiwtpil M) ,dbkhHptpil
,) neu;tpil <) Vty;tpil [tpil: <) Vty;tpil]
4. tpdhtpw;F tpilahf ,dpnky; neu;tijf; TWtJ __________.

m) cWtJ Twy; tpil M) cw;wJ ciwj;jy; tpil
,) ,dbkhHp tpil <) tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil
[tpil: m) cWtJ Twy; tpil]
5. cld;gl;Lf; TWk; tpil __________.

m) Rl;Ltpil M) kiwtpil
,ay; 5
,) neu;tpil <) Vty;tpil [tpil: ,) neu;tpil]
6. tpdhtpw;F tpdhit jpUk;gf; nfl;gJ __________.
m) Vty; tpil M) tpdh vjpu;tpdhjy; tpil
,) kiwtpil <) neu;tpdh [tpil: M) tpdh vjpu;tpdhjy; tpil]
7. kWj;Jf; TWk; tpil __________.

m) Rl;L tpil M) kiwtpil
,) Vty;tpil <) neu; tpil [tpil: M) kiwtpil]
8. Mlj;bjupa[kh vd;w tpdhtpw;Fg; ghlj;bjupa[k; vd;W TWtJ __________.
m) tpdhvjpu; tpdhjy; M) cw;wJ ciuj;jy;
,) cWtJ Twy; <) ,dbkhHp tpil [tpil: <) ,dbkhHp tpil]
9. CUf;F tUthah> vd;w tpdhtpw;F tuhky; ,Ug;ngdh> vd;W TWtJ vd;d tpil>
m) tpdhvjpu; tpdhjy; tpil
M) cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil
,) cWtJ Twy; tpil
<) ,dbkhHp tpil [tpil: m) tpdhvjpu; tpdhjy; tpil]
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10. Mrpupau; khztdplk; ,g;ghlypd; bghUs; ahJ>

m) mwptpdh M) Iatpdh
,) mwpahtpdh <) bfhsy;tpdh [tpil: m) mwptpdh]
11. khztd; Mrpupauplk; ,g;ghlypd; bghUs; ahJ vd tpdt[tJ __________.
,) Iatpdh <) Vty;tpdh [tpil: M) mwpahtpdh]
12. ,r;braiyr; bra;jJ k=;ifah> kzpnkfiyah>

,) Iatpdh <) Vty;tpdh [tpil: ,) Iatpdh]
13. Iak; eP=;fpj; bjspt[ bgWtjw;fhff; nfl;fgLtJ __________.
,) Iatpdh <) Vty;tpdh [tpil: ,) Iatpdh]
14. tpdh __________ tifg;gLk;.

m) ehd;F M) Ie;J
,) MW <) VG [tpil: ,) MW]
15. `vd;dplk; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; ,uz;L gofs; cs;sd. cd;dplk; ghujpjhrdpd; ftpijfs;
,Uf;fpwjh~> vd;W bfhLg;gjw;fhf tpdt[tJ __________.
m) bfhsy; tpdh M) Ia tpdh
,) bfhil tpdh <) Vty; tpdh [tpil: ,) bfhil tpdh]
16. ``tPl;oy; jf;fhsp ,y;iy/ eP filf;Fr; bry;fpwhah> vd;W mf;fh jk;gpaplk; tpdtp ntiyiar;
brhy;tJ
m) Iatpdh M) mwpahtpdh
,) bfhsy; tpdh <) Vty; tpdh [tpil: <) Vty; tpdh]
17. tpil __________ tifg;gLk;.

,ay; 5
m) MW M) VG
,) vl;L <) xd;gJ [tpil: ,) vl;L]
18. btspg;gil tpilfspy; bghUe;jhjijf; fz;lwpf.
m) Rl;L tpil M) kiw tpil
,) neu; tpil <) Vty; tpil [tpil: <) Vty; tpil]
19. neuo tpilfshf ,Uf;Fk; btspg;gil tpilfs; vj;jid>
m) @d;W M) ehd;F
,) Ie;J <) MW [tpil: m) @d;W]
20. Fwpg;g[ tpilfshf ,Uf;Fk; Fwpg;g[ tpilfs; vj;jid>
m) @d;W M) ehd;F
,) Ie;J <) MW [tpil: ,) Ie;J]
21. Fwpg;g[ tpilfspy; bghUe;jhjijf; fz;lwpf.
m) neu; tpil M) Vty; tpil
,) cWtJ Twy; <) ,dbkhHp [tpil: m) neu; tpil]
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22. bra;a[spy; brhw;fisg; bghUSf;F Vw;wthW nru;j;njh khw;wpnah bghUs; bfhs;Sk; Kiwf;F
__________ vd;W bgau;.
m) bghUs;nfhs; M) tHhepiy
,) mzp <) tGtikjp [tpil: m) bghUs;nfhs;]
23. bghUs;nfhs; __________ tifg;gLk;.

m) 6 M) 7
,) 8 <) 9 [tpil: ,) 8]
24. ghlypd; bjhlf;fk; Kjy; Kot[ tiu neuhfnt bghUs; bfhs;SkhW miktJ __________
MFk;.
m) Mw;W ePu;g; bghUs;nfhs;
M) epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;
,) bfhz;L Tl;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;
<) bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUs;nfhs; [tpil: m) Mw;W ePu;g; bghUs;nfhs;]
25. xU bra;a[spy; brhw;fs; Kiwna gpwHhky; epuy; epiwahf mike;J tUtJ __________.
m) epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs; M) tpw;g{l;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;
,) Mw;W ePu;g; bghUs;nfhs; <) bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUs;nfhs;
[tpil: m) epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;]
26. epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs; __________ tifg;gLk;.

m) ,U M) @d;W
,) ehd;F <) MW [tpil: m) ,U]
27.
bra;a[spy; vGthahf mika[k; bgau;r;brhw;fis my;yJ tpidr; brhw;fis tupirahf
epWj;jp/ mit Vw;Fk; gadpiyfisa[k; mt;tupirg;gona epWj;jpg; bghUs; bfhs;Sjy;
__________ MFk;.
,ay; 5
m) tpw;g{l;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;
M) Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;
,) vjpu; epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;
<) bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUs;nfhs; [tpil: M) Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;]
28. bra;a[spy; vGtha;fis tupirg;gLj;jp mit Vw;Fk; gadpiyfis vjpu; vjpuhff; bfhz;L
bghUs; bfhs;Sjy; __________ MFk;.
m) tpw;g{l;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;
M) Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;
,) vjpu; epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;
<) bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUs;nfhs; [tpil: ,) vjpu; epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;]
29. xU bra;a[spy; gy mofspy; rpjwpf; fplf;Fk; brhw;fisg; bghUSf;F Vw;wthW xd;nwhblhd;W
Tl;og; bghUs; bfhs;tJ __________ MFk;.
m) bfhz;L Tl;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;
M) Mw;W ePu;g; bghUs;nfhs;
,) bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUs;nfhs;
<) epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs; [tpil: m) bfhz;L Tl;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;]
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FWtpdh
1. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk; mit ahit>
mwptpdh/ mwpahtpdh/ Iatpdh/ bfhsy; tpdh/ bfhil tpdh/ Vty; tpdh/ vd;W tpdh MW
tifg;gLk;
2. mwptpdh vd;why; vd;d>
jhd; tpil mwpe;jpUe;Jk;/ mt;tpil gpwUf;Fj; bjupa[kh vd;gij mwpa[k; bghUl;L
tpdt[tJ mwptpdh vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W: khztuplk; `,e;jf; ftpijapd; bghUs; ahJ>~ vd;W Mrpupau; nfl;ly;.
3. mwpah tpdh vd;why; vd;d>
jhd; mwpahj xd;iw mwpe;J bfhs;tjw;fhf tpdt[tJ mwpah tpdh MFk;.
rhd;W: Mrpupauplk; `,e;jf; ftpijapd; bghUs; ahJ>~ vd;W khztd; nfl;gJ.
4. Ia tpdh vd;why; vd;d>
Iak; eP=;fpj; bjspt[ bgWtjw;fhff; nfl;fg;gLtJ Ia tpdh MFk;.
rhd;W: ,g;glj;ij tiue;jJ k=;ifah> kzpnkfiyah> vd tpdt[jy;.
5. bfhsy; tpdh vd;why; vd;d>
jhd; xU bghUis th=;fpf; bfhs;Sk; bghUl;L tpdt[tJ bfhsy;tpdh vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W: gj;jhk; tFg;g[ jkpH; g[j;jfk; ,Uf;fpwjh> vd;W filf;fhuuplk; tpdt[tJ.
6. bfhil tpdh vd;why; vd;d>
gpwUf;F xU bghUisf; bfhLj;J cjt[k; bghUl;L tpdt[tJ bfhil tpdh vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W: v
d;dplk; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; ,uz;L gofs; cs;sd. cd;dplk; ghujpjhrdpd;
ftpijfs; ,Uf;fpwjh> vd;W bfhLg;gjw;fhf tpdt[jy;.
7. Vty; tpdh vd;why; vd;d>
,ay; 5
xU braiyr; bra;a[khW tpdt[tJ Vty; tpdh vdg;gLk;.

rhd;W: tPl;oy; jf;fhsp ,y;iy eP filf;Fr; bry;fpwhah> vd;W mf;fh jk;gpaplk; tpdtp
ntiyia brhy;Yjy;.
8. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
Rl;L tpil/ kiw tpil/ neu; tpil/ Vty; tpil/ tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil/ cw;wJ ciuj;jy;
tpil/ cWtJ Twy; tpil/ ,dbkhHp tpil/ vd;W tpil vl;L tifg;gLk;.
9. btspg;gil tpilfs; vj;jid tif> mit ahit>
Rl;L tpil/ kiw tpil/ neu; tpil Mfpa @d;Wk; neuo tpilfshf ,Ug;gjhy; mit
btspg;gil tpilfs; MFk;.
10. Fwpg;g[ tpilfs; vj;jid> mit ahit>
Vty; tpil/ tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil/ cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil/ cWtJ Twy; tpil/
,dbkhHp tpil/ Mfpa Ie;J tpilfSk; Fwpg;ghf tpilia czu;j;Jtjhy; ,it Fwpg;g[
tpilfshFk;.
11. Rl;Ltpilia tptup.
`filj;bjU v=;F cs;sJ>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;F `tyg;gf;fj;jpy; cs;sJ~ vd;W Rl;of; fhl;Lk;
tpil Rl;Ltpil vdg;gLk;.
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12. kiw tpil vd;why; vd;d>

`filf;Fg; nghthah>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;Fg; `nghfkhl;nld;~ vd kWj;Jf; TWtJ kiwtpil
vdg;gLk;.
13. neu; tpil vd;why; vd;d>
`filf;Fg; nghthah>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;Fg; `nghntd;~ vd;W cld;gl;L tpilaspg;gJ
neu;tpil vdg;gLk;
14. Vty; tpil vd;why; vd;d>
`,J bra;thah>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;F èPna bra;~ vd;W khl;nld; vd;W kWg;gij Vt[jyhff;
TWk; tpil Vty; tpil vdg;gLk;.
15. tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil vd;why; vd;d>
tpdhtpw;F tpilahf ,d;bdhU tpdhitf; nfl;gJ tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil MFk;.
rhd;W: vd;Dld; CUf;F tUthah> vd;w tpdhtpw;F tuhky; ,Ug;ngdh vd;W TWtJ.
16. cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpiliaf; TWf.
èP tpisahltpy;iyah>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;Ff; `fhy; typf;fpwJ~ vd;W Vw;fdnt neu;e;jij
tpilahff; TWtJ cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil vdg;gLk;.
17. cWtJ Twy; tpil vd;why; vd;d>
èP tpisahltpy;iyah>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;Ff; `fhy; typf;Fk;~ vd;W ,dpnky; neu;tij
tpilahff; TWtJ cWtJ Twy; vdg;gLk;.
18. ,dbkhHp tpil vd;why; vd;d>
`cdf;Ff; fij vGjj; bjupa[kh>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;Ff; `fl;Liu vGjj; bjupa[k;~ vd;W mjw;F
,dkhd kw;bwhd;iw tpilahff; TWtJ ,dbkhHptpil vdg;gLk;.
19. bghUs;nfhs; vd;why; vd;d>
bra;a[spy; brhw;fisg; bghUSf;F Vw;wthW nru;j;njh khw;wpnah bghUs; bfhs;Sk;
Kiwf;Fg; bghUs;nfhs; vd;W bgau;.
,ay; 5
20. bghUs;nfhs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;. mit ahit>
bghUs; nfhs; vl;L tifg;gLk;. mit:
Mw;WePu;g; bghUs;nfhs;  jhg;gpirg; bghUs;nfhs;
bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUs;nfhs;  miskwp ghg;g[g; bghUs;nfhs;
epuy; epiwg; bghUs; n fhs;  bfhz;L Tl;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;
tpw;g{l;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;  mokwp khw;Wg; bghUs;nfhs;.
rpWtpdh
1. Kiwepuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhis tptupf;f.
bra;a[spy; vGthahf mika[k; bgau;r;brhw;fis my;yJ tpidr; brhw;fis tupirahf
epWj;jp mit Vw;Fk; gadpiyfisa[k; mt;tupirg;gona epWj;jpg; bghUs; bfhs;Sjy;
``Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;~~ MFk;.
rhd;W:
md;g[k; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;thH;f;if
gz;g[k; gaDk; mJ. (Fws;)
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tpsf;fk;:
,y;thH;f;if md;g[k; mwDk; cilajhf tps=;Fkhdhy; me;j thH;f;if gz;g[k; gaDk;
cilajhf mika[k;.
,f;Fwspy; gz;g[/ gad; ,Ubrhw;fis tupirg;gLj;jp mtw;wpd; tpist[fshf md;g[
mwd; vd;W tupirg;gLj;jpa[s;shu;. ,y;thH;f;ifapd; gz;g[/ md;g[ vd;Wk;/ mjd; gad; mwd;
vd;Wk; bghUs;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
md;g[f;F ? gz;g[k;/ mwj;Jf;F ? gad; vd;W epuy; epiuahf epWj;jpg; bghUs; bfhs;tjhy;
``Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;~~ MFk;.
2. vjpu; epuy;epiwg; bghUs;nfhis tptupf;f.
bra;a[spy; vGtha;fis tupirg;gLj;jp mit Vw;Fk; gadpiyfis vjpu; vjpuhff;
bfhz;L bghUs; bfhs;Sjy; ``vjpu; epuy;epiwg; bghUs;nfhs;~~ MFk;.
rhd;W:
tpy=;bfhL kf;fs; midau; ,y=;FE}y;
fw;nwhnuhL Vid atu; (Fws;)
tpsf;fk;:
kdpju;fSf;Fk; tpy=;FfSf;Fkpilna vd;d ntw;Wiknah mnj mst[ ntw;Wik
fw;wtUf;Fk;/ fy;yhjtUf;Fk; ,ilna cz;L. ,g;ghlypy; tpy=;F kf;fs; vd;w vGtha;fis
Kjy; moapy; tupirg;gl epWj;jp tpl;L fw;whu;/ fy;yhjtu; (Vid) vd;w gadpiyfis
mLj;j tupirapy; epWj;jp tpl;Lg; bghUs; bfhs;Sk;nghJ fw;whu; kf;fs; vd;Wk;/ fy;yhjhu;
tpy=;F vd;Wk; gadpiyfis vjpu; vjpuhf khw;wpg; bghUs; bfhs;Sk; Kiw ``vjpu; epuy;epiwg;
bghUs;nfhs;~~ MFk;.
1. tpdh tifiaa[k; tpil tifiaa[k; Rl;Lf.

,ay; 5
``fhkuhru; efu; v=;nf ,Uf;fpwJ>~~ ``,e;j tHpahfr; bry;Y=;fs;.~~ ? vd;W tpilaspg;gJ.

fhkuhru; efu; v=;nf ,Uf;fpwJ> mwpahtpdh
`,e;j tHpahfr; bry;Y=;fs; ~ vd;W tpilaspg;gJ. Rl;Ltpil
``vdf;F vGjpj; jUfpwhah>~~ vd;w tpdht[f;F/ ``vdf;F ahu; vGjpj; jUthu;fs;>~~ vd;W
tpilaspg;gJ.
vdf;F ahu; vGjpj;jUthu;fs; vd;W tpilaspg;gJ. tpdh vjpu;tpdhjy;
2. ciuahlypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s tpdhtpil tiffisf; fz;L vGJf.

ghkfs; : tzf;fk; Mjpiu- Vnjh vGJfpwPu;fs; nghypUf;fpwnj> (mwpah tpdh)
Mjpiu : Mkhk;- ftpau=;fj;Jf;Ff; ftpij vGjpf; bfhz;oUf;fpnwd;.
(neu; tpil)
ghkfs; : mg;goah- vd;d jiyg;g[> (mwpah tpdh)
Mjpiu : fy;tpapy; rpwf;Fk; jkpHu;- (neu; tpil)
eP=;fs; ftpau=;fj;Jf;F vy;yhk; tUtPu;fsh> khl;Ou;fsh> (Ia tpdh)
ghkfs; : Vd; tuhky;> (tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy;)
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bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 123
bkhHpbgau;g;g[
M=;fpyr; brhw;fSf;F epfuhd jkpH;r; brhw;fisf; ftpijapy; fz;L vGJf.
ahHpir It’s like new lute music
miwf;Fs; ahHpir Wondering at the lute music Lute music -

ahHpir
Vbjd;W brd;W Coming from the chamber Chamber -
Tlk;
vl;og; ghu;j;njd; Entered I to look up to in still at look up -
vl;og; ghu;j;njd;
ngj;jp/ My grand-daughter Grand daughter - ngj;jp
bel;LUg; gz;zpdhs; Learning by rote the verses rote -
bel;LU
ePjpE}y; jpul;ilna. Of a didactic compilation didactic compilation - ePjpE}y; jpul;L
? ghujpjhrd; Translated by Kavignar Desini
ml;ltizapy; tpLgl;lij vGJf.

ntu;r; vGtha;j; bgabur;rj; tpidbar;rj; tpspj; bjhlu; ntw;Wikj;
brhy; bjhlu; bjhlu; bjhlu; bjhlu;
XL mUzh Xoa mUzh Xo te;jhs; mUzh mUzhtpw;fhf
Xodhs; Xlhnj- Xodhs;
brhy; mk;kh brhd;d mk;kh brhy;ypr; mk;kh fijiar;
brhd;dhu; brd;whu; epy;- brhd;dhu;
jh murd; je;j muru; je;J brd;whu; munr jUf- je;jijf;
je;jhu; nfl;lhu;
ghu; Jspu; ghu;j;jhs; ghu;j;j Jspu; ghu;j;Jr; Jspnu JspUld;
rpupj;jhs; ghu;- ghu;j;njd;
,ay; 5
th FHe;ij te;j FHe;ij te;J epd;whd; FHe;ijna FHe;ijnahL
te;jJ th- te;jhd;
jhlu;fspy; cs;s vGthiar; brGik bra;f.
b
flk;gtdj;ij tpl;L ,iwtd; eP=;fpdhd;
v.fh: mHfpa Fspu;e;j flk;gtdj;ij tpl;L ,iwtd; eP=;fpdhd;.
1. kuj;ij tsu;g;gJ ed;ik gaf;Fk;
gad;jUk; kuj;ij tsu;g;gJ ed;ik gaf;Fk;
2. thH;f;ifg;gaznk ntWgl;l ghl=;fisf; fw;Wj; jUfpwJ.
,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; epiwe;j thH;f;ifg; gaznk ntWgl;l ghl=;fisf; fw;Wj;
jUfpwJ.
3. fy;tpna xUtu;f;F cau;t[ jUk;.
ed;bdwpf; fy;tpna cau;t[ jUk;.
4. FHe;ijfs; jdpj;jdpna vGjpj;ju ntz;Lk;.
gilg;g[j;jpwd; kpf;f FHe;ijfs; jdpj;jdpna vGjpj;ju ntz;Lk;.
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kjpg;g[iu vGJf.
gs;sp Mz;LtpHh kyUf;fhf/ eP=;fs; E}yfj;jpy; goj;j fij / fl;Liu / rpWfij /ftpij
E}Yf;fhd kjpg;g[iu vGJf.
Fwpg;g[:
E}ypd; jiyg;g[ ? E}ypd; ikag;bghUs; bkhHpeil btspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J ? E}ypd; eak; ?
E}y; fl;likg;g[ ? rpwg;g[f; TW ? E}y; Mrpupau;
E}ypd; jiyg;g[ : re;jpj;jJk; rpe;jpj;jJk; (fij)
E}ypd; ikag;bghUs;:
thH;tpy; xt;bthU ehSk; gytpjkhd kdpju;fisr; re;jpf;fpnwhk;. ehk; mtu;fsplk;
fw;Wf;bfhz;l ghlk; vd;d vd;gnj ikag;bghUs;.
bkhHpeil:
thrfu; thrpg;g[f;F Vw;weilapy; ,yFthd Kiwapy; M=;fpy nkw;nfhSld; mike;j
E}y;. bjspe;j ePnuhilapidg; nghy fijapd; brhw;bwhlu;fs; bghUs; bjspt[ld;
bry;fpd;wJ.
btspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J:
ek;ik tpaf;f/ tpk;k bra;fpd;w tifapy; ek;ik ehnk gupnrhjid bra;J/ J}z;Lk;
tifapy; kdij cUf;Fk; tifapy; gjpt[ bra;Js;shu;. khDlu;fs; ,d;iwa epiyapy; vg;go
thHntz;Lk;> vj;jifa g[upjy;fs; njit> jd;dk;gpf;ifa[k; Kaw;rpa[k; vt;thW btw;wp
jUk;> Mfpa ew;fUj;Jfis ,e;E}y; btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
E}ypd; eak;:
gof;f tpWtpWg;ghf/ goj;jt[ld; bjsptila[k; vJif/ nkhidnahL mike;Js;sJ.
vspikahd brhw;fs;/ vjhu;j;jkhd fUj;Jfs;/ cd;djkhd ePjpfs;/ czu;thd rhd;Wfs;/
rpe;jpf;f itf;Fk; czu;r;rpg; bgUf;F Mfpait E}ypd; eaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;whFk;.
,ay; 5
E}ypd; fl;likg;g[:
k=;ifau; kyupy; 50 fl;Liufshf btspte;j E}y;. bkhj;jk; 200 gf;f=;fisf; bfhz;L
tp$ah gjpg;gfj;jhy; gjpf;fg;gl;lJ. mHfpa rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lk; ml;ilg;glk;/ ghu;itf;F
vspa/ rpwg;ghd fl;likg;g[ bfhz;lJ ,e;E}y;.
rpwg;g[f;TW:
``Mnuhf;fpakhd ghu;itnahL cyfj;ijg; ghu;j;jhy; mj;jid kdpju;fSnk
Rthurpaj;Jf;Fg; g+;rkpy;yhjtu;fs;" cz;ik ekf;Fg; g[upa[k;~~ vd;fpwhu; Mrpupau;. nkYk;/
``jd;dk;gpf;if ,Ue;jhy; nghJk; juzpiana Msyhk;~~ vd;w cl;fUj;J kpfr;rpwg;ghFk;.
E}y; Mrpupau; :
bt. ,iwad;g[.
thH;f;iff;F tHpfhl;Lk; fUj;Jfis vspikahft[k;/ bjspthft[k; fl;Liuahf;Fk;
ty;ytu;/ I.V.v!;. mjpfhupa[k; Mthu;.
www.nammakalvi.in
gotj;ij epug;g[f.
E}yf cWg;gpdu; gotk;

fd;dpahFkup khtl;l E}yf Mizf;FG
ika ' fpis ' Cu;g;g[w E}yfk; ? khtl;l ika E}yk;
cWg;gpdu; nru;f;if ml;il
ml;il vz; : 514 cWg;gpdu; vz;: 41512
1. bgau; : f. jkpHr;rp
2. je;ij bgau; : F. jkpHurd;
3. gpwe;j njjp : 14?04?2005
4. taJ : 15
5. gog;g[ : gj;jhk; tFg;g[
6. bjhiyngrp vz; : 9876543210
7. Kftup : 18 g[{=;;fh rhiy/ jpUts;Stu; efu;.
(m+;ry; FwpaPl;L vz;Qld;) fd;dpahFkup ? 629 001.
ehd; khtl;l ika E}yfj;jpy; cWg;gpduhfg; gjpt[ bra;a ,j;Jld; fhg;g[j;bjhif
q. 100 re;jh bjhif q. 10 Mf bkhj;jk; q.110 buhf;fkhfr; brYj;Jfpnwd;. E}yf
eilKiw kw;Wk; tpjpfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLfpnwd; vd cWjpaspf;fpnwd;.
,lk; : fd;dpahFkup/ j=;;fs; cz;ika[s;s/
ehs; : 06?06?2020. jkpHr;rp.
jpU / jpUkjp / bry;tp / bry;td; espdp mtu;fis vdf;F ed;F bjupa[k; vdr; rhd;W
mspf;fpnwd;.
uh$d;
,ay; 5
mYtyf Kj;jpiu gpizg;ghsu; ifbahg;gk;
(gjtp kw;Wk; mYtyfk;)
(khepy / ika muR mjpfhupfs; fy;Y}up Kjy;tu;fs; nguhrpupau;fs;
cau;/nky;epiyg;gs;sp jiyik Mrpupau;fs; rl;lkd;w/ehlhSkd;w
cWg;gpdu;fs; efuhl;rp/khefuhl;rp/xd;wpa/ngquhl;rp cWg;gpdu;fs;)
bkhHpnahL tpisahL gf;fk;: 125
g[jpu;g;ghliyg; goj;J tpiliaf; fz;Lgpof;f.

jhu; nghd;w epwKz;L fupa[kpy;iy
ghu; KGtJk; gwe;J jpupntd; nkfKkpy;iy
nru;e;J mku;e;J xypg;ngd; gs;spa[kpy;iy
nrhu;e;J nghfhky; tPlikg;ngd; bghwpahsUkpy;iy
tPl;Lf;F tUKd;nd tUtijf; TWntd;. ehd; ahu;>
tpil : fhfk;
www.nammakalvi.in
bjhHpw;bgau;fspd; bghUisg; g[upe;Jbfhz;L bjhlu;fis KGik bra;f.

1. epyj;Jf;F moapy; fpilf;Fk; g[ijay; aht[k; muRf;nf brhe;jk; befpHpg; bghUs;fis
kz;Qf;F moapy; g[ijj;jy; epyj;jo ePu; tsj;ijf; Fd;wr; bra;a[k;. (g[ijj;jy; / g[ijay;)
2. fhl;L tpy=;;Ffisr; RLjy; jil bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ bra;j jtWfisr; Rl;ly; jpUe;j
cjt[fpwJ. (Rl;ly; / RLjy;)
3. fhw;wpd; bky;ypa bjhLjy; g[{f;fisj; jiyahl;l itf;fpwJ/ iffspy; neu;j;jpahd
bjhLj;jy; g[{f;fis khiyahf;FfpwJ. (bjhLj;jy; /bjhLjy;)
4. gRikahd fhl;rpIf; fhQjy; fz;Qf;F ey;yJ.(fhQjy; /fhl;rp)
5. bghJ thH;tpy; eoj;jy; TlhJ. eog;g[ ,y; mtiu kp+;r Ms; fpilahJ. (eoj;jy; /
eog;g[)
mfuhjpapy; fhz;f.
kd;wy; ? jpUkzk; J}ty; ? kiH / ePu;j;Jsp
mor; RtL ? fhyof;Fwp kUs; ? kaf;fk;
mfuhjp ? mfutupir brhw;bghUs; E}y;
bray; jpl;lk;
``gs;spiaj; J}a;ikahf itj;jpUj;jy;~~ ? Fwpj;j bray;jpl;l tiut[ Kiw xd;iw cUthf;fpj;
jiyik Mrpupaupd; xg;g[jYld; eilKiwg;gLjJf.
mDg;g[eu;
gj;jhk; tFg;g[ khztu;fs;/
muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp/
brd;id ? 18.
bgWeu;
,ay; 5
jiyikahrpupau; mtu;fs;/
muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp/
brd;id ? 18.
Iah/
bghUs;: g
s;spj; J}a;ik Fwpj;j bray; jpl;l tiut[ xg;g[jy; tH=;fp bray;gLj;j
ntz;Ljy; ? rhu;ghf.
tzf;fk;. eh=;fs; ek; gs;spapy; gj;jhk; tFg;g[ goj;J tUfpnwhk;. fle;j 4 Mz;Lfshf
ek; gs;spia ed;F ftdpj;J tUfpnwhk;. mjd; @yk; ek; gs;sp khztu;fspd; fw;wy;
milt[fSf;Fj; jilahf ,Uf;Fk; fhuzpfisg; gw;wp Ma;t[ bra;J te;njhk;. mtw;iw xU
bray;jpl;lkhf jahupj;J j=;;fs; ghu;itf;F mDg;gp cs;nshk;. mjd; gupe;Jiufis Muha;e;J
mjw;F xg;g[jy; tH=;;fp ek; gs;spapy; bray;gLj;jp khztu;fshfpa v=;fs; fy;tp eyida[k;
tU=;;fhy jiyKiwapdupd; fy;tp eyida[k; fhf;FkhW gzpt[ld; ntz;Lfpnwhk;.
ed;wp
,lk; : brd;id ,g;gof;F/
ehs; : 13.03.2020 muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp khztu;fs;.
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gs;spj; J}a;ik
ey;y ePUk; ey;y fhw;Wk; NHYnk thH;tpw;F Mjhuk;. me;j tifapy; khztuhfpa
eh=;fs; jiyik Mrpupau; xg;g[jnyhL gpd;tUk; bray;jpl;l=;fis nkw;bfhs;s cs;nshk;.
tFg;giwapy; czt[f;fHpt[fisg; nghlhJ ,Uj;jy;.
Fg;igj;bjhl;ofis cyu itj;Jg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
fHpg;giwfisj; J}a;ikahf itj;jy;.
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l J}a;ikahd ePiuf; Foj;jy;.
nkw;fz;l bray;jpl;l=;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jp gs;spiaa[k;/ ghujj;ija[k; J}a;ikahf;fpj;
J}a;ik ,e;jpahit cUthf;Fnthk;.
fhl;rpiaf; ftpijahf;Ff.
ku=;fis btl;otpl;L
kuk; gw;wp ghlk; elj;jpdhy;
ehl;Lf;F vd;d gyd;>
kuj;ij kwe;jhd; kdpjd;
kuk; ekf;F tuk;
kuk; eLnthk;- kiH bgWnthk;--
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf
,ay; 5
gs;spapy; ehd; tPl;oy; ehd;
neuj;ijr; rupahff; filg;gpog;ngd;. tPl;Lg; gzpfisg; gfpu;e;J bra;ntd;.
cld;gapYk; khztupd; jpwikiag; mk;kht[ld; nru;e;J gzpfisr;
ghuhl;Lntd;. bra;ntd;.
vdf;Fj; bjupahjtw;iw ghlj;bjhlu;ghd Ia=;fis vdJ
bjupe;j khztu;fsplk; nfl;L cld;gpwe;jtu;fsplk; nfl;L
bjupe;Jbfhs;ntd;. bjupe;Jbfhs;ntd;.
tFg;giwj; J}a;ikapy; ftdk; tPl;Lj; J}a;ikapy; ftdk;
brYj;Jntd;. brYj;Jntd;.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
Emblem ? rpd;dk;
Thesis ? Ma;ntL
Intellectual ? mwpthsu;
Symbolism ? FwpaPl;oay;


Namma Kalvi 10th Tamil Unit 5 Surya Guide

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,ay; fy;tp ciueil cyfk;

1. `khghujk; jkpH;g]gLj;Jk; kJuhg[upr] r=;fk; itj;Jk;~ vd;Dk; rpd;dkD}h]r; brg]ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[

 ,e;jp ,e;jpa ghuhSkd;w bkhHp.

2. If;fpa ehLfs; mitapy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[

jkpGf;F tsk; nru;f;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[f;fiy

1. gpwehl]L J}juf=;fs] ek; ehl]oy] vg]nghJ epWtg]gl]ld>

3. ,uhkhaz kfhghuj bjhd;kr] bra;jpfs] ,lk; bgw]Ws]s jkpH; ,yf;fpak; vJ>

4. bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;ljhy; nehgy; gupR bgw;w ,e;jpaf; ftp+u; ahu;>

5. `bkhF rh!;l;L~ vd;Dk; $g;ghdpa brhy;ypd; bghUs; __________.

6. tlbkhHpf; fijiaj; jGtp gilf;fg;gl;l E}y; __________.

8. gd;dhl;L bkhHpfisf; fw;gpg;git __________.

10. bghUj;jpj; bjupf.

13. cyf ehfupf tsu;r;rpf;Fk; bghUspay; nkk;ghl;ow;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[k; xU fhuzkhFk; vd;W

m) cj;jpunkqu; fy;btl;L M) ciwa{u;r; brg;ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[

16. tlbkhHpf; fijfisj; jGtpg; gilf;fg;glhj ,yf;fpaj;ijf; fz;lwpf.

17. tlbkhHpf; fijiaj; jGtp vGjg;gl;l ,yf;fpaj;ijf; fz;lwpf.

18. ghujpapd; bkhHpbgau;g;g[fisg; bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf.

19. b$u;kd; bkhHpapy; bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; @yk; mwpKfk; Md __________ me;ehl;Lg; gilg;ghsu;

20. __________ Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu tlbkhHp E}y;fs; jkpHpy; Mf;fg;gl;ld.

21. bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; @yk; bgw;wpUf;ff;Toa bfhs;if __________.

jkpH; E}y;fs; gpwbkhHpfspy; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gLtjpy; Kjyplj;jpy; __________

28. bkhHpbgau;g;gpdhy; g[jpa brhw;fs; cUthfp __________ Vw;gLfpwJ.

29. fUj;Jg; gfpu;itj; jUtjhy; bkhHpbgau;g;igg; __________ vd;W Fwpg;gpLthu;fs;.

30. __________ gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; jkpH; ,Uf;if mj;jifa gzpfspy; <Lgl ntz;Lk;.

31. ``brd;wpLtPu; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; ? fiyr;

32. ``njkJuj; jkpnHhir cyfbkyhk;

34. `brd;wpLtPu; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; ? fiyr;

<) fiyr; bry;t=;fis cyfk; KGtJk; gazk; bra;J fz;Lfspf;f ntz;Lk;.

1. bkhHpbgah]g]g[ Fwpj;J kzit K!;jgh TWtJ ahJ>

5. r=;f fhyj;jpnyna jkpHpy] bkhHpbgah]g]g[ nkw]bfhs]sg]gl]Ls]sJ vd;gij epWt[f.

16. M=;;fpnyau; tUiff;Fg;gpd; jkpH; bkhHpapy; mwpKfkhd gpwbkhHp E}y;fs; ahit>

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 105

fyPy; fpg;uhd; ftpijfs; : bkhHpbgau;g;g[

2. bkhHpbgau;g;g[r; rpWfij xd;iwg; goj;J mjd; fijr;RUf;fj;ija[k; c=;fs; fUj;Jfisa[k;

,ay; fy;tp ftpijg; ngiH

1. mUe;Jiz vd;gijg; gpupj;jhy; __________.

1. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyupd; fy;tp gw;wpa fUj;jpid KHf;fj; bjhlu;fshf;Ff.

3. `bra;F jk;gpg; ghtyu;~ ,t;thW miHf;fg;gLfpwhu; __________.

4. `CWk; ePu;nghyf; fw;Fk; mst[ mwpt[ Ruf;Fk;~ vd;W Twpatu; ahu;>

5. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; rpwe;J tps=;fpa fiy __________.

m) fd;dpahFkup/ ,lyhf;Fo M) j+;rht{u;/ gilj;jiytd;Fo

7. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; __________ tajpnyna bra;a[s; ,aw;Wk; jpwd; bgw;wtu;.

8. rjhtjhdp vd;w ghuhl;lg; bgw;wtu; __________.

9. rjhtjhdp vd;gJ __________.

11. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyupd; epiditg; nghw;Wk; tifapy; kzpkz;lgKk; gs;spa[k; mike;Js;s

12. `rjk;~ vd;why; __________ vd;W bghUs;.

1. Vd; fy;tpiag; nghw;wpf; fhf;f ntz;Lk; vdr; bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;>

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 106

1. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; eP=;fs; gapy tpUk;g[k; fy;tp Fwpj;J tFg;giwapy; fye;Jiuahof; Fwpg;g[iu

,ay; fy;tp ftpijg; ngiH

,ilf;fhldhupd; ghliy ,fH;e;jtu; __________ ,ilf;fhldhuplk; md;g[ itj;jtu;

1. ,iwtd; g[ytu; ,ilf;fhld; FuYf;Fr; brtprha;j;j epfH;it eaj;Jld; vGJf.

,ilf;fhldhu; ,iwtdplk; KiwapLjy; :

gpiHiag; bghWj;jUs ,iwtdplk; ntz;Ljy;; :

jzpe;jJ ? jzp + j; (e;) + j; + m + J

jhH;e;jhd; ? jhH; + j;(e;) + j; + Md;

1. fgpyupd; ez;gu; ahu;>

3. jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzk; gly=;;fspd; vz;zpf;if __________.

1. `khghujk; jkpH;g]gLj;Jk; kJuhg[upr] r=;fk; itj;Jk;~ vd;Dk; rpd;dkD}h]r; brg]ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[

,e;jp ,e;jpa ghuhSkd;w bkhHp.

13. cyf ehfupf tsu;r;rpf;Fk; bghUspay; nkk;ghl;ow;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[k; xU fhuzkhFk; vd;W

19. b$u;kd; bkhHpapy; bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; @yk; mwpKfk; Md __________ me;ehl;Lg; gilg;ghsu;

30. __________ gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; jkpH; ,Uf;if mj;jifa gzpfspy; <Lgl ntz;Lk;.

31. ``brd;wpLtPu; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; ? fiyr;

32. ``njkJuj; jkpnHhir cyfbkyhk;

34. `brd;wpLtPu; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; ? fiyr;

5. r=;f fhyj;jpnyna jkpHpy] bkhHpbgah]g]g[ nkw]bfhs]sg]gl]Ls]sJ vd;gij epWt[f.

16. M=;;fpnyau; tUiff;Fg;gpd; jkpH; bkhHpapy; mwpKfkhd gpwbkhHp E}y;fs; ahit>

2. bkhHpbgau;g;g[r; rpWfij xd;iwg; goj;J mjd; fijr;RUf;fj;ija[k; c=;fs; fUj;Jfisa[k;

11. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyupd; epiditg; nghw;Wk; tifapy; kzpkz;lgKk; gs;spa[k; mike;Js;s

1. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; eP=;fs; gapy tpUk;g[k; fy;tp Fwpj;J tFg;giwapy; fye;Jiuahof; Fwpg;g[iu

11. ,ilf;fhldhu; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyk; jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzj;jpy; vj;jidahtJ glyk;>

18. ,ilf;fhldhupd; brhy; __________ nghy; ,iwtdpd; jpUr;brtpapy; brd;W ijj;jJ.

4. `brhy; bghUshd cd;ida[nk ,fH;e;jdd;~ ? bghUshdtd; ahu;> ,fH;e;jtd; ahu;>

3. mbkupf;f fWg;gpdg; bgz;kzp nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d; __________ r@f=;fspd; xU

4. nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d; vd;Dk; mbkupf;ff; fy;tpahsupd;/ thH;f;ifia `cdf;Fg; gof;fj;

``fhkuhru; efu; v=;nf ,Uf;fpwJ> ``,e;j tHpahfr; bry;Y=;fs;. ? vd;W tpilaspg;gJ.

2. ciuahlypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s tpdhtpil tiffisf; fz;L vGJf.