Quantitative Methods 2: ECON 20003
Quantitative Methods 2: ECON 20003
Quantitative Methods 2: ECON 20003
ECON 20003
WEEK 1
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INFORMATION
ABOUT QUANTITATIVE METHODS 2 (QM2)
ESTIMATION AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING OF A
POPULATION MEAN
Reference:
SSK: § 9.3-9.4, 10.1-10.3, 10.5, 12.1-12.4
WWL: Ch 1-2, § 3.1-3.6, 3.8-3.9
Dr László Kónya
January 2020
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Subject Coordinator
and Lecturer: Dr László Kónya
Office: 460, 4th floor, FBE Building
Phone: 8344 0355; Email: [email protected]
Consultation hours: WED 1:00-2:00, FRI 11:00-12:00
(or by appointment)
These books can be purchased online. See the links in the Subject Guide.
L. Kónya, 2020 UoM, ECON 20003, Week 1 4
Software: R programming language and software environment for
statistical computing and graphics. It is not a menu
driven program, you need to learn to write R codes to
operate it.
Some, but not all, of these topics are reviewed in the Revision slides,
which will be uploaded to LMS in due time. You might also wish to look at
https://creativemaths.net/blog/videos-for-teaching-and-learning-statistics/.
L. Kónya, 2020 UoM, ECON 20003, Week 1 6
In QM2 we have four aims:
• To learn quantitative skills that are essential in the majority of jobs that
business, commerce and economics graduates obtain.
• To implement these skills using examples from accounting, management,
marketing, economics and finance.
• To gain experience implementing the techniques using the R statistical
software and RStudio.
• The focus is on choosing the appropriate technique for each problem,
implementing it correctly, and interpreting the results.
Subject overview:
Building on QM1 or some equivalent prerequisite unit, QM2 is structured
as follows:
1) Statistical inference about one, two or more populations with
parametric and nonparametric techniques (6 weeks)
2) Regression analysis with cross-sectional data (4 weeks)
3) Regression analysis with time series data (2 weeks)
L. Kónya, 2020 UoM, ECON 20003, Week 1 7
Assessment: Tutorial attendance and participation 10%
Three assignments 15%
Mid-semester test 5%
Final exam (2-hour) 70%
Three assignments:
There will be three assignments for 5% credit each.
i. Online submission via LMS.
ii. Students can work alone or in a group of two (not three or four …).
L. Kónya, 2020 UoM, ECON 20003, Week 1 8
iii. Students in a group must submit a single copy of their assignment
and will get the same assignment marks.
iv. No late assignments are accepted and no extensions will be given.
Mid-semester test:
There will be an online mid-semester test for 5%.
i. The test will be held during week 7 of the semester.
ii. Students can undertake the test online via LMS at any time of their
choosing between 10 a.m. on Tuesday 21 April and 4 p.m. on
Thursday 23 April.
iii. The test will cover the material presented during lectures up to the
end of week 5 and in the tutorials up to the end of week 6.
iv. The test will consist of 10 multiple choice questions and 5 true or
false questions.
v. There is a time limit of 30 minutes to complete the test.
vi. To complete the test successfully students will need to have critical
value tables for each of the distributions covered during the lectures
and a calculator.
L. Kónya, 2020 UoM, ECON 20003, Week 1 9
Note: Students who loose some internal (i.e. tutorial attendance, assignment
or mid-semester test) marks for valid reasons can apply for special
consideration to get the lost marks transferred to the final exam.
The point estimator of the population mean () is the sample mean:
i)
• Assume that we repeatedly draw random samples of the same size from
a normally distributed population, or that the sampled population is not
normal but we draw reasonably large samples and thus the CLT holds.
i. Let diff denote the difference between actual weight and ideal weight (kg).
HA : > 10 and H0 : = 10
iv. This is a right-tail test, so the entire rejection region is located under the
right tail of the sampling distribution.
Reject H0 if the value of the test statistic calculated from the sample
is greater than tα,df=n-1 = t0.05,99 t0.05,100 = 1.660.
v. The sample mean and standard deviation are 12.175 and 7.898,
respectively.
vi. Since tobs = 2.7539 > 1.660 = tα, we reject H0. Hence, at = 0.05 there is
enough evidence to conclude that the diet doctor is right, the average
Australian is more than 10kg overweight.
The t-table does not show the exact p-value. However, it is certainly smaller
than 0.005, so H0 can be rejected even at the 0.5% significance level.
Check whether R performed the required test (i.e. a right-tail t-test this time)
and whether the p-value < = 0.05. Since p-value 0.0035, we reject H0.
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• The (single-sample) Z / t test and the corresponding confidence interval
for a population mean are based on the following assumptions: