Experiment 101 Newton's Second Law of Motion Online

EXPERIMENT NO.
101 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
INTRODUCTION
Newton’s second law of motion states that a net force is required for a body to have acceleration. If a net force is
applied on a body, the body will accelerate in the direction of the net force. The acceleration of the body is also directly
proportional to the net force but inversely proportional to its mass. This is Newton’s second law of motion.
In this experiment, we will verify the relationships between a body’s acceleration and net force, and between
acceleration and mass.
OBJECTIVES
1. To verify the direct proportionality of acceleration and net force if the mass of the body is constant.
2. To verify the inverse proportionality of acceleration and mass if the net force is constant.
MATERIALS
1 pc dynamics track with pulley

1 pc dynamics cart
1.5 m string
2 pcs photogates
1 pc smart timer
1 pc set of weights
1 pc weight hanger
THEORY
Newton defined momentum P as the product of mass and velocity. The change in momentum ΔP is brought about by
the impulse ( J =F net Δt ) acting on the body,
F net Δt=ΔP (eqn. 1)
As Δt approaches zero, the instantaneous rate of change of momentum is,

1
ΔP dP d (mv)
F = lim = = (eqn. 2)
2
PROCEDURE
A. Constant Mass, Changing Net Force
1. Place the dynamics track on the laboratory table. Make sure that it is horizontal by placing the dynamics cart
on the track. If the dynamics cart does not move, then the track is already horizontal. Otherwise, make the
necessary adjustments.
2. Get the mass of the dynamics cart. Write this under m 1 in Table 1.
3. Set the first photogate at the 20-cm mark of the dynamics track and the second photogate at the 70-cm track.
This is the distance in which the cart can travel. Write this under S in Table 1.
Note: You may increase the distance between the two photogates up to 70cm.
4. Plug the first photogate to the number 1 slot of the smart timer and the second photogate to the number 2
slot. Ask for help from your instructor if you have difficulty in setting up the photogates and the smart timer.
5. Set the smart timer by pressing the “Select Measurement” button until it shows “Time:”. Set the mode by
pressing the “Select Mode” button until it shows “Time: Two Gates”.
6. Tie one end of the string to the cart and the other end to the weight hanger. Set the dynamics cart on one end
of the track and the weight hanger over the pulley. Refer to setup. (See Figures 2 and 3).
7. For the first trial, use a total mass of 20g for the hanging weight. Write this under m 2 in Table 1.
8. Release the cart. Read the time of travel from the smart timer. Write the time of travel under t in Table 1.
Note: Position the cart as close as possible to the first photogate without triggering its sensor to get the
initial speed of the cart as close to zero as possible.
9. Repeat steps 1 – 8 using masses of 60g and 100g. Write the data in appropriate spaces in Table 1.
10. Compute the accepted value of the acceleration using Equation5.
11. Compute the experimental value of the acceleration using Equation 6.
12. Compute the percentage error for each trial.
13. From your data draw the acceleration (experimental value) vs. net force graph.
B. Changing Mass, Constant Net Force
1. Repeat Part A using a mass of 100g for the hanging weight. Write this under m 2in Table 2.
2. For the first trial, get the mass of the cart and write this under total mass of cart m 1.
3. Release the cart. Read the time of travel from the smart timer. Write the time of travel under t in Table 2.
3 and write this under total mass of cart m .

4. For trials 2 – 3, add masses of 100g and 300g to the cart 1
GRAPHS
Part A. Constant Mass, Changing Net Force
4
Acceleration (m/s2)
Net force (N)
GRAPHS
Part B. Constant Net Force, Changing Mass
5
Acceleration (m/s2)
GUIDE QUESTIONS (For Group Report)
1. From the results of part A, how would you relate the acceleration of the cart to the total hanging weight?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6
EXPERIMENT NO. 101 : NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
7
Name Group No.
Course/Year Seat No.
Subject/Section Date
PART A. Table 1. Constant Mass, Changing Net Force

mass of cart, m 1= 0.506 kg
distance traveled, s=0.5 m
net force,
total hanging m2 g acceleration time of travel, acceleration % ERROR
TRIAL mass, m 2 (accepted value), a t (experimental value),
a
1 0.020 kg N m/s 2
1.6021 s m/s2 %
2 0.040 kg N m/s2 1.1205 s m/s2 %

2 2
3 0.060 kg N m/s 1.1240 s m/s %
PART B. Table 2. Changing Mass, Constant Net Force
Total hanging mass, m 2= 0.100 kg Net Force, m 2 g = 0.98 N

distance traveled, s= 0.50 m
time of travel, acceleration
mass of cart + mass added, m 1 acceleration t (experimental value), % ERROR
TRIAL (accepted value), a a
1 0.506 kg m/s2 0.8042 s m/s2 %
2 0.606 kg m/s2 0.8453 s m/s2 %

2 2
3 0.706 kg m/s 0.8701 s m/s %
Approved by:
Instructor Date

Experiment 101 Newton's Second Law of Motion Online

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experiment 101 Newton's Second Law of Motion Online

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experiment 101 Newton's Second Law of Motion Online

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EXPERIMENT NO.

101 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

1 pc dynamics track with pulley

F net Δt=ΔP (eqn. 1)

As Δt approaches zero, the instantaneous rate of change of momentum is,

A. Constant Mass, Changing Net Force

10. Compute the accepted value of the acceleration using Equation5.

11. Compute the experimental value of the acceleration using Equation 6.

12. Compute the percentage error for each trial.

B. Changing Mass, Constant Net Force

3 and write this under total mass of cart m .

Part A. Constant Mass, Changing Net Force

Net force (N)

Part B. Constant Net Force, Changing Mass

GUIDE QUESTIONS (For Group Report)

PART A. Table 1. Constant Mass, Changing Net Force

2 0.040 kg N m/s2 1.1205 s m/s2 %

PART B. Table 2. Changing Mass, Constant Net Force

Total hanging mass, m 2= 0.100 kg Net Force, m 2 g = 0.98 N

2 0.606 kg m/s2 0.8453 s m/s2 %

You might also like