Best Approach: Area Under The Curve

Best Approach
Area Under The Curve

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MC SIR
AREA UNDER THE CURVE NOTE
Sometimes area can be evaluated by considering
horizontal strip. In such case integration is performed
CURVE SKETCHING
with respect to y.
b
Theorem
A =  x dy
Let f(x) be a continuous function defined on [a, b]. Then
a
the area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x–axis and the
b b
ordinates x = a and x = b is given by  f(x) dx or

a
 y dx
a
when f(x) 0  x  [a, b] .
Example 1 Evaluate area bounded by the curve y = x2

between ordinates x = 1 and x = 2 and x-axis.
Example 2 The area of the region bounded by y2 = 9x, x = 2,

x = 4 and the x-axis in the first quadrant is
(A) 8 + 3 (B) 16 + 2
(C) 16 – 4 2 (D) 4 – 5
dA = y dx diffrential element of area.
Example 3 Find the area bounded by the x-axis, part of the Example 10 Find the area bounded by
8 y = sin–1 x, y = cos–1 x and the x-axis.
curve y = 1 + and the ordinates x = 2 and x = 4
x2
Example 11 Find the area of the figure bounded by the
Example 4 Show that the area enclosed by one arc of parabolas x = – 2y2, x = 1 – 3y2.
y = sin x and the x-axis is 2.
Example 12 Find the area bounded by the parabola
Example 5 Show that the area enclosed by the line y = x2 + 1 and the straight line x + y = 3.
segments |x| + |y| = 1 is 2.
Example 13 The area bounded by the curve
Example 6 Evaluate area bounded by y = ln x, x-axis and the
y = 2x – x2 and the straight line y = – x is given by
1 (A) 9/2 (B) 43/6 (C) 35/6 (D) 1/3
two ordinates x = and x = e.
e
Example 14 Find the area of the region in the 1st quadrant
Example 7 The area bounded by the curve y = x3, the x-axis
bounded on the left by the y-axis, below by the line
and the ordinate at x = – 2 and x = 1 is x
9 15 15 17
y = , above left by the curve y = 1+ x and above
4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 4 4 2
right by the curve y =
Example 8 The area enclosed by the curve |y| = sin 2x, when x
x [0, 2] is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Example 9 Find the area bounded by x = 2y – y2 and the

y-axis.
Note Standard areas to be remembered for the pur-
If f and g are two continuous function on [a, b] such pose of screening
that the curve y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect at c  (a, b)
and f(x) > g(x)  x  [a, c) and f(x) < g(x)  x  (c, a] then 16ab
1. y2 = 4ax ; x2 = 4by ; a> 0;b>0  A=
the area A bounded by the curves between the lines 3
x = a and x = b is given by 8a 2
2. y2 = 4ax and y = mx  A=
c b 3m3
A=  [f(x) – g(x)] dx +  [g(x) – f(x)] dx
a c 3. Area enclosed by y2 = 4ax and its double ordinate at
c b
x=  (chord perpendicular to the axis of symmetry)
or A=  (yUC – yLC) dx +  (yUC – yLC) dx
a c 2
= ()  2 4a 
3
x 2 y2
4. Whole area of ellipse   1 = a b
a 2 b2
Example 15 The area between the parabola y = x2 and the

line y = x is
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None
6 3 2
Example 16 AOB is the positive quadrant of the ellipse Example 21 Find the area enclosed by the parabola
(y – 2)2 = x – 1 and the tangent to it at (2, 3) and
x 2 y2
  1 in which OA = a, OB = b. Then find x-axis.
a 2 b2
the area between the arc AB and the chord AB of Example 22 The area enclosed between the curves y = ax2
the ellipse. and x = ay2(a > 0) is 1 sq. unit. Then, the value of a
is
Example 17 Find the ratio in which the area bounded by the 1 1 1
curves y2 = 12 x and x2 = 12y is divided by the (A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
3 2 3
line x = 3.
Example 23 Find the value of 'a' (a > 2) for which the reciprocal
Example 18 Find the area, lying above the x-axis and 1
included between the circle x2 + y2 = 8x and the of the area enclosed between y = ;
x2
parabola y2 = 4x.
1
y = ; x = 2 and x = a is 'a' itself and for what
4(x  1)
EVALUATING AREA BY SHIFTING THE values of b  (1, 2), the area of the figure bounded
ORIGIN
1
by the lines x = b and x = 2 is 1 – .
Example 19 Find the Area enclosed between the parabolas b
y2 – 2y + 4x + 5 = 0 and x2 + 2x – y + 2 = 0
Example 24 Find the area of the figure bounded by the
Example 20 Find the Area enclosed between the ellipse parabola y = ax2 + 12x – 14 and the straight line
9x2 + 4y2 – 36x + 8y + 4 = 0 and the line y = 9x – 32 if the tangent drawn to the parabola at
the point x = 3 is known to make an angle  – tan–16
3x + 2y – 10 = 0 in the first quadrant
with the x-axis.
OPTIMIZATION OF AREA FOR GREAT-
AREA BOUNDED BY INVERSE OF EST AND LEAST VALUE
A FUNCTION If y = f(x) is a strictly monotonic function in (a, b) then
the area bounded by the ordinates at x = a, x = b, y = f(x)
and y = f(c), [when c  (a, b)] is
Example 25 Find area bounded by the inverse function of
y = f(x) = x3 + 1 between ordinates x = – 7 and x = 2 ab
minimum when c = .
and x-axis. 2
Example 26 Find the area bounded by the curve g(x), the

x-axis and the ordinate at x = – 1 and x = 4 where x3
Example 27 If the area bounded by f(x) = – x2 + a and the
3
g(x) is the inverse of the function
straight lines x = 0 ; x = 2 and the x-axis is minimum,
x 3 x 2 13x then find the value of 'a'.
f(x) =   1
24 8 12
Example 28 Find the value of the parameter 'a' for which the
area of the figure bounded by the abscissa axis,
the graph of the function y = x3 + 3x2 + x + a and the
straight lines, which are parallel to the axis of
ordi nates and cut the abscissa axis at the point of
extremum of the function, is the least.
Example 29 If the area bounded by y = x2 + 2x – 3 and the

lines y = kx + 1 is least, find k and also the least
area.
AREA ENCLOSED BY CURVE AND ITS AREA IN RESPECT OF CURVE

ASYMPTOTES AND LOOP PROBLEMS REPRESENTED PARAMETRICALLY
Example 32 Find the area enclosed by the curves
Example 30 Area enclosed by the curve (y – sin–1x)2 = x – x2.
x = a sin3t and y = acos3t
Example 31 The area of the loop of the curve, ay2 = x2 (a – x)

is.
8a 2
(A) 4a2 sq. units. (B) sq. units
15
16a 
(C) sq. units (D) None of these
9

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Best Approach

Area Under The Curve

ordinates x = a and x = b is given by  f(x) dx or

when f(x) 0  x  [a, b] .

Example 1 Evaluate area bounded by the curve y = x2

Example 2 The area of the region bounded by y2 = 9x, x = 2,

dA = y dx diffrential element of area.

Example 9 Find the area bounded by x = 2y – y2 and the

Example 15 The area between the parabola y = x2 and the

Example 26 Find the area bounded by the curve g(x), the

Example 29 If the area bounded by y = x2 + 2x – 3 and the

AREA ENCLOSED BY CURVE AND ITS AREA IN RESPECT OF CURVE

Example 31 The area of the loop of the curve, ay2 = x2 (a – x)

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