Wind Turbine Permanent Magnet DC Motors - Working Principle
Wind Turbine Permanent Magnet DC Motors - Working Principle
Wind Turbine Permanent Magnet DC Motors - Working Principle
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Permanent Magnet DC Motor Types for Generating Electricity
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Permanent magnet DC motors are divided into two groups. The first is the permanent outer
magnet and moving coil, while the second is the permanent coil and moving magnet. Wind Power
Brushed DC Motor: These motors contain a permanent magnet and a moving coil within the
magnet. The required electricity is produced by conveying the energy produced by the revolving
brushes. Brushed DC motors are not the preferred method for producing electricity because the
coil's, being in continuous motion, can have the following affects on the brushes:
a.) Degradation,
b.) Difficulty in producing electricity because of the brushes
Brushless DC Motor: These motors are the preferred choice of motors for producing electricity.
Thanks to the moving magnet unit in the permanent coil, it easily produces electricity. Producing
high efficiency and continuous electricity are the main features of brushless DC motors.
It is one of the most easily found motor types for those that want to build a wind generator at
home. Wind energy is converted into rotation energy with the help of the blades installed on the
edges of the motor and then converted into electricity with the help of the motor.
1.) Treadmill Motors: These motors are both robust and efficient. This is our top
recommendation for motors for producing electric energy. You can find them easily online or in
stores selling second hand products. They cost between $20 and $250. Because of its values in
relation to output current and output voltage, it can easily be used as wind turbine generator.
2.) Stepper Motors: Although highly efficient, stepper motors have a lower output voltage and
current than treadmill motors. It can be used in wind systems that have a lower power output.
3.) Standard Permanent Magnet Motor: These are for people who want produce electricity out
of wind energy. They are cheaper than treadmill motors but some have higher HP levels. Sold for
$20 - $1500, standard permanent magnet motors are our second choice for wind energy systems.
Power Selection: It is hard to rotate motors with high power capacity, therefore the wind turbine
blades should be chosen in accordance to the motor power. If the area you set up the wind turbine
does not have enough wind, it would be wise to use motors with 1 – 3 HP power. If the wind speed
is regularly 15 Mph and over, you should use 10 HP motors.
Power Requirement: It would be better if you used a turbine that is in accordance with the need
of energy of that area. The selection of motor is also important; it should be consistent with the
size of the turbine. For example, if you need 2000 Whrs of power, you will need to install a 2500
Whrs system.
Blade Design: Along with the wind speed, the design of blades, which divert wind energy into
rotation energy, is important. For example, the rotating speed of a 3-blade system and a 6-blade
system differ from each other. Because of this, the motor you choose to use has to be in harmony
with the blade design.
Motor Power: If you need 1500W energy and you use a motor that produces less than that, you
could damage your motor. You should, therefore, use motors that are 30% stronger.
Wind Speed: Is the amount of wind passing through a specific area. It is defined by variables
such as mph (mile per hour), kph (kilometer per hour), and m/s (meters/second). The wind
turbines used today start to rotate with 5 mph wind speed and work efficiently between 25 and 60
mph.
Blade Design: Although wind speed is the most important factor for rotation, the blades are the
main components for converting wind energy into mechanical rotation energy. For this reason the
blade design is very important for efficiency.
Number of Blades: The number of blades influences the efficiency of the wind turbine. 2, 3, 5
blade wind turbines are frequently used. It is known that the more blades used, the more reliable
and safe the wind turbine is. They work more silently and are more efficient. The cost is an
adverse factor though.
Blade Efficiency: Is related to the blade design part we mentioned above. The more efficient the
blades, the more energy produced.
Rotor Diameter: Meaning the turning diameter of the blades. More robust and big sized motors
can be used in wind turbines with a high turning diameter.
TSR (tip speed ratio): If the wind turbines rotate too slowly they lose much of the wind
passing over them, and if they rotate too fast it is as though they act as a wall, meaning
degradation occur. For this reason, optimum tip speed ratio is very important for efficiency. Some
TSR ratios are;
2 Blades: 9 – 10
3 Blades: 6 – 8
5 Blades: 4- 6
Basic Calculations: The average wind speed in your region as well as maximum wind speed must
be taken into consideration before building a wind turbine. Suggested figures are:
If the region where you will build a wind turbine has a value of wind speed between the values
above, you should arrange the variables like blade size and number. If you want to have 2500
W/hours, the blade length should be 1 – 1.5 meter (3 – 5 feet). The designs with 3 blades can
provide 35% - 40% efficiency so we suggest 3 blade designs.
Or;
For this motor to produce maximum power, it should rotate close to the maximum RPM it is
intended for. For example, think that a 2500W motor’s RPM value is 1200. To acquire 2500w
power in the outputs of the motor we need 1200 rpm (revolutions per minute). The lower the rpm
speed, the less the output power.
Examples
We have shown the calculations above but to make them a bit clearer there are some more
examples below.
1.) Average wind speed: 35 Mph, Average Power Requirements 4500W, Blade Length =?
2.) Max RPM = 1200, Vout = 24V, Iout = 100A, Power Requirements = 1000W, Motor
Speed =?
Q: What are the things that I should take into consideration when I purchase a motor?
A: The standard wind speed is 10–30 Mph, so the motor you will buy should have low RPM values.
The blades connected to the motor can produce 400 – 600 RPM speed for a standard wind. For
this reason a motor with a maximum 1000 RPM works inefficiently.
Related Posts:
Rabieh says:
January 30, 2012 at 6:25 am
Reply
greenenergy says:
June 2, 2012 at 6:03 am
Not reuquired but this part is important for your battery life.
Reply
sir we are doing our final year project in wind and solar power generation . So i want permanent magnet dc
motor with 500rpm,80-150volts, 17-20ampere. so please reply me quickly
Reply
greenenergy says:
June 2, 2012 at 6:00 am
I suggest you;
Reply
Chandran says:
February 22, 2012 at 3:52 am
Reply
greenenergy says:
June 2, 2012 at 5:49 am
Hi,
Reply
AMETEK 30 VDC – AMETEK 72 VDC-AMETEK 12 VDC , all are available on EBAY.IN .kindly advice
which one is good for wind turbine
Reply
Reply
louie says:
December 14, 2012 at 12:11 pm
12×3 = 36V battery bank is good for your systems. Also you need a charge controller for this system not
a gear..
Reply
farhan says:
June 28, 2012 at 4:10 am
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greenenergy says:
June 28, 2012 at 8:49 am
Its about motor speed. The motor has 1000 RPM value and motors speed is 1000RPM the output will be
24V.
Reply
Scott says:
August 16, 2012 at 12:15 am
I just picked up a 1hp treadmill motor today. I put my drill on it at about 400rpm and it produced about 12.6
volts. When I put it up to about 1400 rpms it bumped up the volts to about 42-44. A little lost here in trying to
figure out how long to make the blades using 3″ pvc. Average wind speed is about 15mph. Basically want to
make this motor be able to charge a 12v battery or multiple batteries… Is it possible or do I need to gear this
motor (larger pulley with a belt)?
Reply
greenenergy says:
August 24, 2012 at 2:57 am
Hi Scott
12×3 = 36V battery bank is good for your systems. Also you need a charge controller for this system not
a gear.
Reply
Terf says:
February 28, 2013 at 7:09 am
Hi Scott, I think if you start off using 3 x1.5 m length blades, you can judge approx what voltage you
would get. Basically the closer you get to plate RPM indicated on the motor, the closer you will get to the
voltage indicated on the motor. My thoughts are if you try and place pulleys on, it will create a lot more
drag which will require larger blades.
Reply
Have made a vertical wind mill from 2 bicycle wheels and pvc slats from blinds. This will be at fence level.
More than one aligned in fence formation. Now with 20” wheel spinning at 60 rpm could I put a pulley on
D.C. Motors of each with a ratio of 10 to 1. Putting a diode at the positive feed of each independent power
source and send it to a Charge Controller for a bank of 4 {12V} Deep Cycle batteries.
For low rpm in breezes would a capacitor be used to build charge to 12 V before pulse discharge? If so what
capacitor would serve this scenario or perhaps 3 in parallel would be more advantageous? “OR” none? One
more thing if I place 6V batteries in series to provide 12 volts, can I then charge that series at 12V?
Reply
Michael says:
January 27, 2013 at 7:02 pm
I need to find a small generator that will charge a 12v battery or multiple at wind speeds 60 mph. i have a
constant wind that can be controled at that speed for 5- 8 hrs a day. Also what would be the shortest blade
langth that i could use I am hoping to be able to use a design simular to a squral cage fan. Thank you for all
the help you can give.
Reply
santhosh says:
February 7, 2013 at 12:26 am
Can i get the winding details of 1000watts,12volts (or) 24 volts, 300 RPM DC generator , Gauge of copper
wire, no of turns,Plase guide me the calculation formulas for these details.Pl help me.
Reply
KMW says:
February 21, 2013 at 5:40 am
i have a permanent magnet dc motor with 14v, 360rpm., i want to construct a domestic wind turbine to
produce 80watts power. is the motor which i selected will be feasible???
Reply
Wan says:
February 28, 2013 at 7:58 am
I have a 24V 120W dc pm motor and I would to use it as generator to produce a 22 W of power using a
hydro turbine. So what should I do regarding the connection from the turbine to the motor? thanks
Reply
Aus says:
March 8, 2013 at 1:33 am
Hi, I’m working on a wind generator that will be storing power to a deep cycle battery. If I were to use an
inverter hooked to the battery, when the voltage of the battery dropped past it’s limit (which causes the
inverter to switch off), I would presume if I were to use a 12V solar controller, it’d safely recharge the battery
back to its 12v limit and I can reset the inverter and use it again?
I have a treadmill motor that is rated 90 volts DC, with 15 running amps, at 4800 rpm. If my math is right, this
little guy can pump out 1350 watts correct? But if I am not tapping power directly from the motor itself, and
drawing power from the battery and say I used a 2500 watt inverter at full load, would the motor still overheat
and blow? Or would all the draw be put on the battery and the inverter would be a default protection by
popping the breaker once the battery’s voltage drops to its “popping point”?
Thanks in advance.
Reply
MOHSIN says:
March 13, 2013 at 1:35 pm
Sir, averge wind speed is 8-10 mph, I want to make a 24V battery system for 2000W. can you please
suggent DC motor specs.
2. I would connect it with 24V solar system (Hybrid)as well.
Thanks
Reply
steev says:
April 3, 2013 at 5:43 pm
hello scot? pls i wanted 2 build a brushless dc magnetic motor that can produce about 24V dc and 100-
150A, cuz i cant afford the price at wich the wind turbine is sold in ma country.
i dont know if u can give some info on how 2 go about it. GOD bless u as u reply.
Reply
todd says:
April 7, 2013 at 3:07 pm
I have access to lots of industrial motors and such can you recommend any good motors for 5 kw output
turbine?
Reply
rajendra says:
April 19, 2013 at 4:16 am
i have 2 hp, 110v DC, 2800 rpm treadmill motor. Roated that motor by using belt 1440 rpm 1hp ac motor . it
produce 110 ac volt but when i connect 110v to 220v transformer on that DC motor speed decries. what is
the problem?
Reply
Johnny says:
June 21, 2013 at 5:00 am
Reply
greenenergy says:
August 31, 2013 at 10:21 am
Reply
ssharma says:
July 4, 2013 at 2:30 pm
Hi all. Can anyone plz suggest if i can run perm maganetic generator through an exyernal motor instead of
wind blades? Please mail me
Reply
sir,
i am doing a mini project in textile mill where i already have 15 m/s air velocity. I want to utilize it for
generating electricity. which alternator or pmdc motor i should prefer to get good power at low cost? please
note that i have to attach that alternator or pmdc motor to exahust fan of overall dia 0.8 metre.
Reply
Hi sir , I m planning for final yr project as electricity production by wind induced across train.
The avrg speed of train is 55 kmph and will vary 80-100 kmph (mumbai local railway). so what kind of dc
motor should I use for my project so as to get best output.
Plz suggest me the dc motor with all its specifications like its max o/p in dc volt for mentioned speed. how
much rpm will it suffers at that wind speed. And how much power will it generate. plz note that the blades we
r using are not more than 50cm in diameter.
Reply
Elnur says:
September 10, 2013 at 5:35 am
Reply
prash says:
September 15, 2013 at 6:29 am
I’m doing my group project on wind turbine (model) can anyone help me in selecting a motor for generating 5
to 10W of power and blade length should be opted for wind speed of 10-15m/h.
plz giv me reply…..
Reply
bill says:
January 28, 2014 at 8:35 pm
Hi,
40 vdc ametex motor. Thats safe for 2 12v battery’s connected right? Setting up my system right now and
wanted to make sure. i have a solar/ wind charge controller.
Reply
Ife says:
March 27, 2014 at 3:37 am
Hi,
is the Ametek 080987K7 30VDC a brushless motor? Can I also get the working principle of the motor.
Reply
Imrul says:
June 24, 2014 at 3:42 am
I want to make a permanent magnet DC motor by myself. I want to know the formula of “the magnet power
and copper cable to DC Motor power”. That means, if I want 2kw power, how powerful magnet and how
much copper cable and how much RPM I require. Can you help me or refer me to any website?
Reply
I have a p.m. d.c. motor c3350b3006.18.0 amps.HP 2.25.what size wiring do I use from the motor to the
power controler to the batteries.How do I find out how many rpms. it takes for this motor to start charging the
batteries.Also how many batteries will I need to rum my house off the grid.I need max. 5000w. But very rear
that I use that much at one time.Thank you for for some input.
Reply
Rory says:
August 6, 2014 at 11:23 am
Hi, I am looking to build a vertical wind turbine to power a 12v dc immersion heating element in a small water
tank. I plan to connect the turbine to a 12v wet battery to regulate as the wind speed will fluctuate. Currently
getting 9m/s wind speed on site. Was thinking of car alternator, but after reading the above, should I go for a
brushless motor with 12v rated around 200rpm? Or would a higher volt or lower rpm rating be better?
Any help or reference at all would be appreciated.
Thanks.
Reply
krishnateja says:
August 20, 2014 at 12:41 am
sir.. i want to make a 2kw wind turbine using dc machine.. im using a 24v dc machine. what happens when
the prime mover speed increases.. my friends are saying that if speed increases voltage also increases and
there is a chance of burning of winding.. please tell me .. what will be the peak voltage it can with stand ( 24v
dc machine).. it would be great if u explain me by taking an example of a motor model.. thanks in advance
Reply
Jazzz says:
August 31, 2014 at 8:43 am
Reply
Ross says:
September 3, 2014 at 5:11 am
Hi, I am building a wind turbine using a electric wheel chair motor. I was told these were a good fit for wind
turbines because of the low rpms required.
I found one which has Motor 24V and Brake 12V written on the side of it. I can’t get the voltage to go above
12V by testing with a drill. I got a really high current of roughly 10A.
Would this be suitable for wind turbine with a charge controller added?
Reply
angelo says:
September 8, 2014 at 10:26 am
sir, we need a 24 volts dc motor genenerator, and we need at least 200watts output power.. we only have
200 to 300 rpm … we need it this week so i hope you have a quick response.. thank you…
Reply
jeff says:
September 9, 2014 at 12:13 am
I have a 180v treadmill motor running at 3600 rpm. i have geared it for vertical wind generator. im stuck at
what size charge controller to use for it. any suggestions would be awesome. thanks in advance.
Reply
jayendra says:
September 24, 2014 at 6:24 am
i want to generate 50volts and 60amp current. so which type of generater is need for it? i want to generete it
by wind or mechenical input also.
Reply
Northsooman says:
October 30, 2014 at 1:41 pm
i just purchased a Ametek 40v dc motor what’s the lengths of blades will I need to get
Reply
S.Manikumar says:
December 12, 2014 at 1:42 am
Sir,
My wind speed was 15 m/s but the wind was came from my Exhaust fan. If it is possible to generate
power using DC Permanent magnet motor.
If Yes, It can generate how much Voltage,Power.
Pls give idea sir………..
Reply
enrico says:
January 10, 2015 at 8:36 pm
sir i have here my permanent magnet DC motor but i dont know the specification of it. it is a product of
Jena,,please help me know the specification..i google it but i cant find the specs
Reply
timi says:
January 29, 2015 at 5:01 pm
my science club and i are planning on building a flying car with 4 sets of blades.
how many blades do you recommend for a motor of power 1500W and if so, what would be the rpm of these
blades?
also, does the number of blades alter the rpm of each blade given that the power of 1500W remains the
same?
Thank you
Reply
please tell me what type of motor can i use for my wind turbine nd where can i get it i ve used 3blades made
of pvc pipe (3-5)feet
Reply
Hello ,
I am trying to find a DC PMG for a low-wind-speed vertical axis wind turbine around 10 kw can you please
recommend a good manufacturer ?
Best regards
Reply
AFisher says:
April 2, 2015 at 11:07 pm
I’m trying to build a light, portable VAWT, I need help with a small DC motor that can produce about 10W of
electricity. I will be using this to charge small batteries (AA, AAA, etc..) any ideas?
Reply
hi, planning to build a 1kw VAWT, kindly advice BOM that required to build it,
Reply
I need to find a dc motor that can produce AC, for 1kw, 12/240volts at 250rpm up wards. High speed
permanent magnetic generator. I would like to find a Australian manufacturer if possible. I want to buy 100
units at a time. For the purpose of using this within my design concept.
Reply
nikhil says:
July 15, 2015 at 2:50 am
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Priyesh says:
October 1, 2015 at 3:05 pm
Sir, we are making low head hydro turbine for 100 watt power generation. So plz suggest dc motors for 100
watt power generation 24 volt.
We are designing axial flow hydro turbine for 0.2 – 2 meter/sec of inlet water velocity.
Reply
NIHAL says:
October 16, 2015 at 12:45 pm
there is probability of 500-1000 rpm than how much power will produce
Reply
Michael says:
October 29, 2015 at 10:33 pm
HI!
Great blog. I have a 1.5 HP pacific scientific DC perm Magnet motor 90 volts 13.3 amps. I am spinning it with
serpentine belt and a bicycle. It spins very well and produces 24 volts when not attached to my battery.
When I attach it to the battery it becomes very hard to pedal and I cannot get the voltage/amperage that
would make this practical. Why is there such a big resistance once attached to battery? I have a diode on
positive cable from motor flowing to battery and a diode on negative cable from battery flowing to motor. The
negative diode is unnecessary. Without positive diode the motor would spin and power bike.
Reply
Gabe says:
December 28, 2015 at 4:44 pm
lets say i have a permanent generator and it say that 2500 rpm will create 120v, how many rpm will the
blades need to be to supply enough energy
Reply
PMG says:
March 2, 2016 at 7:13 am
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Edgar says:
March 7, 2016 at 4:14 pm
Reply
Reply
Srinaath says:
March 15, 2016 at 1:14 pm
What should be the diameter of the blades in magnetic levitated vertical axis wind turbine with permanent
magnet of size 50mm-12.5mm-and thickness 10mm
Reply
Sir kindly help me to get pm motor generator ( 200W 12v dc 1000 rpm ) as mentioned 20 + USD. I need only
generator part n amteck is very costly.
Reply
dinesh says:
April 8, 2016 at 4:45 pm
I need to find a dc motor that can produce AC, for 1kw, 12/240volts at 400rpm up wards. High speed
permanent magnetic generator. I would like to find a indian manufacturer if possible. sir please help me for
my project.
Reply
I want to produce 5 Volt, 1 A current constantly, now which DC motor which RPM am used? And also Which
Windmill blade is suitable and size?
Reply
Sir which motor should I buy to produce 12volt and also the blade size. I want to build a circular (bicycle
wheel) vertical wind turbine. How much blade should I use and size
Reply
Dave says:
November 18, 2016 at 11:15 pm
Hi i am hoping to get power to my weekend retreat.Local electricity company want a lot of money to re
connect.Hence looking for advice on a new motor i could purchase at a good price €250 here in
Ireland.Hoping to find out will this motor be suitable…any help would be appreciated.
W-DA160LR 15KW
brook crompton
or would it be overkill
Reply
Mohammad says:
December 19, 2016 at 8:21 am
In the paragraph above BASIC POWER FORMULA,it is mentioned that “THE LOWER THE RPM
SPEED,THE LESS THE OUTPUT POWER”
but in the FAQ’s it is mentioned that
Q: Which is the best DC motor for electricity production?
A: Motors with a lower RPM value and high output voltage might be more efficient.
Q: What are the things that I should take into consideration when I purchase a motor?
A: The standard wind speed is 10–30 Mph, so the motor you will buy should have low RPM values. The
blades connected to the motor can produce 400 – 600 RPM speed for a standard wind. For this reason a
motor with a maximum 1000 RPM works inefficiently.
I want to build a small windmill for a school project consisting of 12 volt dc motor, i wanna ask that what
should be the rpm of the motor if the wind spped is 10 mph
Reply
g.m.deshmukh says:
February 20, 2017 at 5:54 am
i want to make commercial windmill 250 k.w.or more.but it should be at low cost with good quality.
Reply
monday says:
March 15, 2017 at 11:27 am
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greenenergy says:
March 30, 2017 at 12:13 pm
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Ibrahim says:
April 9, 2017 at 3:52 am
If I want 150_250km/h wind speed what kind of propeller I need? And what motor specifications I need?
Reply
I m very curious abt this solar n wind power. And everyone must install wind or solar power on their house
top.i m interested first in wind power .and i want to start n install wind power as a exapmle.let u plzz tell me
wht capacity of permanant magtic dc motor for starter i sud use plzz guide thnx plzz guide …yatil raut
Reply
I hv keen interest in wind power.i want to what are part in wind power exactly.so i could plan …dc motor
..blade and other parts ?
Reply
Steve6 says:
April 16, 2017 at 8:14 pm
I want to help my grandaughter with a school project wind turbine. We need only to light up a few 3v led
globes, what would be the best motor & blade combination? We are only able to use a hair dryer as a wind
source.
Reply
Dear Sir,
My uestion
Reply
Dear sir,
I have Ametek 40Volt dc motor , i just wana know how much apms they can produse.
Reply
Huseyinbgk says:
February 7, 2018 at 5:04 pm
Hi there I’m doing a final major project for final year at DMU in UK. I’m redesigning a wind turbine for
different purposes. I wanted to work out the best output motors to genorate for 3 different areas. That is 3
different motors.
1 for houses with 80mm radius blades length of 340mm X5 that could work at 25mph wind speed 12V
charging a portable battery unit.
2 for low speed vehicles at 40mph and 80mm radious blades length of 340mm X5 charging electric car
battries.
3 for high speed 60mph and 80mm radius blades length of 340mm X5 charging electric car batteries.
These have sweet corn shaped turbines that work 360 all around and they work with the wind flow through a
tube style tunnel and move the blades in the process.
Reply
ketan says:
April 29, 2018 at 10:27 am
if i have 12 and 24 v of motor then what kind of weight of rotor i have to take for vertical wind energy???
Reply
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