Traffic Safety Facts 2011 USA PDF

U.S.
Department of Transportation
TRAFFIC SAFETY FACTS 2011
A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the
Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System
2011 NATIONAL STATISTICS
POLICE-REPORTED MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASHES

Fatal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,757
Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,530,000
Property Damage Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,778,000
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,338,000
TRAFFIC CRASH VICTIMS Killed Injured

Occupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22,448 2,010,000
Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16,430 1,416,000
Passengers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,953 593,000
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 1,000
Motorcyclists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,612 81,000
Nonoccupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,307 126,000
Pedestrians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,432 69,000
Pedalcyclists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
677 48,000
Other/Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
198 9,000
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32,367 2,217,000
OTHER NATIONAL STATISTICS

Vehicle Miles Traveled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,946,131,000,000
Resident Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
311,591,917
Registered Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
257,512,443
Licensed Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
211,874,649
Economic Cost of Traffic Crashes (2000)
(estimate for reported and unreported crashes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$230.6 billion
NATIONAL RATES: FATALITIES

Fatalities per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.10
Fatalities per 100,000 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.39
Fatalities per 100,000 Registered Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.57
Fatalities per 100,000 Licensed Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.28
NATIONAL RATES: INJURED PERSONS

Injured Persons per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
Injured Persons per 100,000 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
711
Injured Persons per 100,000 Registered Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
861
Injured Persons per 100,000 Licensed Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,046
Sources: Crashes, Fatalities, Injuries, and Costs—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Population—U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration.
Registered Vehicles—R.L. Polk & Co. and Federal Highway Administration.
DOT HS 811 754
Traffic Safety Facts 2011

A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the
Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

National Center for Statistics and Analysis
U.S. Department of Transportation
Washington, DC 20590
FOR MORE INFORMATION

Information on traffic fatalities is available from the National Center for Statistics and Analysis, NVS-424,
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590. NCSA can be contacted by telephone at
800-934-8517 or by email at [email protected]. General information on highway traffic safety can be
accessed by Internet users at http://www.nhtsa.gov/NCSA. To report a safety-related problem or to
inquire about motor vehicle safety information, contact the Vehicle Safety Hotline at 888-327-4236. Fact
sheets available from the National Center for Statistics and Analysis are Overview, Alcohol, African American,
Bicyclists and Other Cyclists, Children, Hispanic, Large Trucks, Motorcycles, Occupant Protection, Older
Population, Pedestrians, Race and Ethnicity, Rural/Urban Comparisons, School Transportation-Related Crashes,
Speeding, State Alcohol Estimates, State Traffic Data, and Young Drivers. The fact sheets and annual Traffic
Safety Facts reports can be accessed online at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/CATS/index.aspx.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
FARS Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
GES Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
About This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Data Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1. Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2. Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3. Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4. People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5. States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Appendix A. FARS Data Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Crash Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Vehicle Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Driver Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Person Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Appendix B. GES Data Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Crash Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Vehicle/Driver Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Person Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Appendix C. GES Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Standard Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Unknowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
2011 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

iii
TABLES
TRENDS: General
1. Crashes by Crash Severity, 1988-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2. Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Population, Licensed Drivers,
Registered Vehicles, and Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. Vehicles Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Vehicle Miles of Travel
and per Registered Vehicle by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4. Persons Killed or Injured by Person Type and Vehicle Type, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5. Drivers Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Licensed Driver by Sex
and Crash Severity, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
TRENDS: Occupants
6. Motor Vehicle Occupant and Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates per Population
by Age Group, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7. Passenger Car Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates
per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8. Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Registered Vehicle
and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9. Large Truck Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates
per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
10. Motorcyclists Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Registered Vehicle
and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
TRENDS: Large Truck Related

11. Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes Involving a Large Truck by Person Type
and Crash Type, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
TRENDS: Nonoccupants
12. Nonoccupant Fatality and Injury Rates per Population by Age Group, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
TRENDS: Alcohol
13. Persons Killed, by Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the Crash, 1982-2011 . . . 34
14. Persons Killed and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving During Holiday Periods, 1982-2011 . . . . . . . . 35
15. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Time of Day, 1982-2011 . . . . . 36
16. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Sex, 1982-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
17. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Vehicle Type, 1982-2011 . . . . 37
18. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Age, 1982-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
19. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Survival Status, 1982-2011 . . . 40
20. Pedestrians Killed, 14 Years and Older, by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC), 1982-2011 . . . . . . . 40
TRENDS: Restraints
21. Drivers of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks in Crashes by Crash Severity
and Restraint Use, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
22. Occupants of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Killed or Injured, by Restraint Use, 1975-2011 . . . . . 42
TRENDS: Rollover
23. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by Vehicle Type
and Rollover Occurrence, 1982-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
iv Traffic Safety Facts 2011
Tables (Continued)
CRASHES: Time
24. Crashes and Crash Rates by Month and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
25. Crashes by Time of Day, Day of Week, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
26. Crashes by Weather Condition, Light Condition, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
27. Fatal Crashes by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times
Within Designated Minutes and by Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
CRASHES: Location
28. Crashes by Crash Type, Relation to Roadway, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
CRASHES: Circumstances
29. Crashes by First Harmful Event, Manner of Collision, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
30. Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CRASHES: Alcohol
31. Fatal Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving, by Time of Day and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
VEHICLES: All Vehicles

32. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Relation to Junction, Traffic Control Device, and Crash Severity . . . 62
33. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Speed Limit, Crash Type, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
34. Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Speed Limit and Land Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
35. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Number of Lanes, Trafficway Flow, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . 65
36. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
37. Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Body Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
38. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type, Rollover Occurrence, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . 68
39. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type, Fire Occurrence, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
40. Vehicles Involved in Single- and Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Maneuver and Crash Severity . . . . 71
41. Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Roadway Function Class, Crash Type,
and Hazardous Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
VEHICLES: Passenger Cars

42. Passenger Cars Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
43. Passenger Cars Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . 76
VEHICLES: Light Trucks

44. Light Trucks Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
45. Light Trucks Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . . . 78
VEHICLES: Large Trucks

46. Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
47. Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . . . 80
48. Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Truck Type, Rollover Occurrence, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . 81
49. Truck Tractors with Trailers Involved in Crashes by Number of Trailers, Jackknife Occurrence,
and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

v
Tables (Continued)
VEHICLES: Motorcycles
50. Motorcycles Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
51. Motorcycles Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . . . . 84
VEHICLES: Buses
52. Buses Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
53. Buses Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
PEOPLE: All Victims

54. Persons Killed or Injured, by Person Type and Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
55. Persons Killed or Injured, by Age and Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
56. Persons Killed or Injured, by Sex and Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
57. Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population, by Age and Sex . . . . 92
58. Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Weather Condition and Light Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
59. Persons Killed in Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities,
by Time of Day and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
60. Persons Killed in Work Zones, by Roadway Function Class and Person Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
61. Persons Killed in Crashes Involving Emergency Vehicles, by Person Type, Crash Type,
and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
PEOPLE: Drivers
62. Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers, by Age, Sex, and Crash Severity. . . . . . . . . . . 99
63. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Previous Driving Record
and License Type Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
64. Related Factors for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
PEOPLE: Occupants
65. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type, Person Type, and Injury Severity. . . . . . . . . . . 102
66. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
67. Vehicle Occupants Killed in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
68. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Sex and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
69. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
70. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age, Person Type, and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
71. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type and Most Harmful Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
72. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Initial Point of Impact and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
73. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type and Ejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
74. Occupants Killed or Injured in Two-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Types Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
75. Occupants Involved in Fatal Crashes and Occupant Fatalities, by Vehicle Body Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
76. Passenger Car Occupants Involved in Fatal Crashes and Occupants Killed, by Car Wheelbase Size . . 113
vi Traffic Safety Facts 2011
Tables (Continued)
PEOPLE: Alcohol
77. Persons Killed and Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities, by Person Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
78. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age
and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
79. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed in Crashes, by Time of Day, Day of Week, Age,
Alcohol Impairment, and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
80. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed in Crashes, by Age
81. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Vehicle Type
82. Persons Killed, by Age and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the Crash . . . . . . 119
83. Pedestrians Killed, by Pedestrian’s and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
PEOPLE: Restraints
84. Drivers Involved in Crashes, by Vehicle Type, Restraint Use, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
85. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age and Restraint Use . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
86. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupant Survivors of Fatal Crashes, by Age and Restraint Use. . . . . 122
87. Passenger Car Occupants Killed or Injured, by Seating Position and Restraint Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
88. Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Seating Position and Restraint Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
89. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Restraint Use
and Type of Restraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
PEOPLE: Rollover
90. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by Crash Type, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
PEOPLE: Motorcyclists
91. Motorcyclists Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
92. Motorcyclists Killed, by Person Type and Helmet Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
93. Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age and License Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
PEOPLE: School Bus Related

94. Pedestrians Killed in School Bus Related Crashes, by Age and Striking Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
95. Persons Killed or Injured in School Bus Related Crashes, by Person Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
PEOPLE: Pedestrians
96. Pedestrians Killed or Injured, by Age and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
97. Pedestrians Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
98. Pedestrians Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
99. Pedestrians Killed or Injured in Single-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Type
and Initial Point of Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
100. Pedestrians Killed, by Related Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

vii
Tables (Continued)
PEOPLE: Pedalcyclists
101. Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured, by Age and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
102. Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
103. Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
104. Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured in Single-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Type
and Initial Point of Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
105. Pedalcyclists Killed, by Related Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
STATES: Crashes and All Victims

106. 2011 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
107. Fatal Crashes, by State and First Harmful Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
108. Fatal Crashes, by State and Roadway Function Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
109. Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
110. Persons Killed, Licensed Drivers, Registered Vehicles, Population, and Fatality Rates by State . . . . . . 152
111. Persons Killed, by State and Person Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
112. Persons Killed, by State and Age Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
STATES: Occupants
113. Occupants Killed, by State and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
114. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State and Restraint Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
STATES: Rollover
115. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
STATES: Pedestrians
116. 2011 Ranking of State Pedestrian Fatality Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
STATES: Alcohol
117. Persons Killed, by State and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the Crash . . . . . 166
118. Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of the Driver . . 168
119. Drivers Killed in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of the Driver . . . . 170
120. Surviving Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
of the Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
STATES: Speeding
121. Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
STATES: Emergency Medical Services

122. Rural Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times . . . . 176
123. Urban Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times . . . 178
viii Traffic Safety Facts 2011
Tables (Continued)
STATES: City Rates

124. Persons Killed, Population, and Fatality Rates by City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
STATES: Fatalities and Fatality Rates

125. Fatalities and Fatality Rates by State, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
STATES: Laws
126. Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and 2011 Seat Belt Use Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
127. History of State Motorcycle Helmet Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
128. State Traffic Safety Laws as of June 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

ix
FIGURES
TRENDS
1. Fatal Crashes, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2. Motor Vehicle Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2011 . . . . . . . 18
3. Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers 16 Years and Older
by Sex and Crash Severity, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4. Passenger Car Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,
1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5. Light Truck Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,
1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6. Large Truck Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,
1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7. Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . 31
8. Proportion of Persons Killed, by Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
in the Crash, 1982-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9. Proportion of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes with BAC = .08+ by Vehicle Type, 1982-2011 . . . . 37
10. Proportion of Drivers in Fatal Crashes with BAC = .08+ by Age, 1982-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CRASHES
11. Average Fatal Crashes per Hour, by Time of Day, Weekdays and Weekends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
12. Percent of Fatal Crashes Involving Alcohol-Impaired Driving, by Time of Day and Crash Type . . . . . 57
VEHICLES
13. Proportion of Vehicles Involved in Traffic Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
14. Percent Rollover Occurrence, by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
15. Percent of Vehicles in Crashes, by Most Harmful Event and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
16. Percent of Vehicles in Crashes, by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Type, and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . 74
x Traffic Safety Facts 2011
Figures (Continued)
PEOPLE
17. Percent of Persons Killed or Injured, by Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
18. Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population, by Age and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
19. Percent of Persons Killed in Alcohol-Impaired Driving Crashes, by Time of Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
20. Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by First Harmful Event and Manner of Collision . . . . . . . 97
21. Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by Time of Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
22. Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers, by Age, Sex, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . 100
23. Percent of Vehicle Occupants Killed, by Speed Limit and Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
24. Percent Alcohol Impairment (BAC .08 or Higher) for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders
Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
25. Percent of Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed Who Were Alcohol-Impaired
(BAC .08 or Higher), by Driver Age, Crash Type, Time of Day, and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
26. Average Number of Motorcyclists Killed per Hour, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
27. Average Number of Pedestrians Killed per Hour, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
STATES
28. 2011 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

xi
INTRODUCTION
I n this annual report, Traffic Safety Facts 2011: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality
Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA) presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property
damage to those that result in the loss of human life.
Information from two of NHTSA’s primary data systems has been combined to create a single source for motor
vehicle crash statistics. The first data system, the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), is probably the
better known of the two sources. Established in 1975, FARS contains data on the most severe traffic crashes, those
in which someone was killed. The second source is the National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates
System (GES), which began operation in 1988. GES contains data from a nationally representative sample of
police-reported crashes of all severities, including those that result in death, injury, or property damage. The next
two sections provide a brief description of FARS and GES.
Both systems were designed and developed by NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) to
provide an overall measure of highway safety, to help identify traffic safety problems, to suggest solutions, and to
help provide an objective basis on which to evaluate the effectiveness of motor vehicle safety standards and highway
safety initiatives. Data from these systems are used to answer requests for information from the international and
national highway traffic safety communities, including State and local governments, the Congress, Federal
agencies, research organizations, industry, the media, and private citizens.

1
FARS OPERATIONS
T he Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), which became operational in 1975, contains data on a
census of fatal traffic crashes within the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. To be included in
FARS, a crash must involve a motor vehicle traveling on a trafficway customarily open to the public, and must
result in the death of an occupant of a vehicle or a nonoccupant within 30 days of the crash.
NHTSA has a cooperative agreement with an agency in each State’s government to provide information on all
qualifying fatal crashes in the State. These agreements are managed by Regional Contracting Officer’s Technical
Representatives located in the 10 NHTSA Regional Offices. Trained State employees, called “FARS Analysts,”
are responsible for gathering, translating, and transmitting their State’s data to NCSA in a standard format. The
number of analysts varies by State, depending on the number of fatal crashes and the ease of obtaining data.
FARS data are obtained solely from the State’s existing documents:
Police Accident Reports Death Certificates
State Vehicle Registration Files Coroner/Medical Examiner Reports
State Driver Licensing Files Hospital Medical Reports
State Highway Department Data Emergency Medical Service Reports
Vital Statistics Other State Records
From these documents, the analysts code more than 100 FARS data elements. (See Appendix A for a list of the
FARS data elements.) The specific data elements may be modified slightly each year to conform to changing user
needs, vehicle characteristics, and highway safety emphasis areas. The data collected within FARS do not include
any personal identifying information, such as names, addresses, or social security numbers. Thus, any data kept in
FARS files and made available to the public fully conform to the Privacy Act.
Each analyst enters data into a local microcomputer data file, and daily updates are sent to NHTSA’s central
computer database. Data are automatically checked when entered for acceptable range values and for consistency,
enabling the analyst to make corrections immediately. Several programs continually monitor and improve the
completeness and accuracy of the data. The 2011 FARS data file used for the statistics in this report was created in
August 2012; however, the 2011 FARS file was officially closed in March 2013. This additional time provides the
opportunity for submission of important variable data requiring outside sources, which may lead to changes in the
final counts. The updated final counts for 2010 are reflected in this report. The updated final counts for 2011 will
be reflected in the 2012 annual report.

3
GES OPERATIONS
T he National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) - General Estimates System (GES) data are obtained
from a nationally representative probability sample selected from all police-reported crashes. The system began
operation in 1988. To be eligible for the GES sample, a police accident report (PAR) must be completed for the
crash, and the crash must involve at least one motor vehicle traveling on a trafficway and must result in property
damage, injury, or death. Although various sources suggest that about half the motor vehicle crashes in the country
are not reported to police, the majority of these unreported crashes involve only minor property damage and no
significant personal injury. By restricting attention to police-reported crashes, the GES concentrates on those
crashes of greatest concern to the highway safety community and the general public.
GES data collectors make weekly visits to 410 police jurisdictions in 60 sites across the United States, where they
randomly sample about 57,000 PARs per year. The collectors obtain copies of the PARs and send them to the
NASS quality control centers for coding. No other data are collected beyond the selected PARs—no driver
license, vehicle registration, or medical information is obtained.
Trained data entry personnel interpret and code data directly from the PARs into an electronic data file.
Approximately 90 data elements are coded into a common format. (See Appendix B for a list of the GES data
elements.) Some elements are modified every other year to meet the changing needs of the highway safety
community. To protect individual privacy, no personal information (names, addresses, specific crash locations) is
coded. During data coding, the data are checked electronically for validity and consistency. After the data file is
created, further quality checks are performed on the data through computer processing and by the data coding
supervisors. The 2011 file used for the statistics in this report was completed in September 2012.

5
ABOUT THIS REPORT
F atal crash data from FARS and nonfatal crash data from GES are presented in this report in five chapters.
Chapter 1, “Trends,” presents data from all years of FARS (1975 through 2011) and GES (1988 through 2011).
The remaining chapters present data only from 2011. Chapter 2, “Crashes,” describes general characteristics of
crashes, such as when and how often they occurred, where they occurred, and what happened during the crash.
Chapter 3, “Vehicles,” concentrates on the types of vehicles involved in crashes and the damage to the vehicles.
Chapter 4, “People,” is the largest chapter of this report, with statistics about drivers, passengers, pedestrians, and
pedalcyclists. The last chapter of the report, “States,” contains information about crashes for each State, the
District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Terms used throughout the report are defined in the Glossary.
About three-quarters of the tables in this report present data from both FARS and GES. The remaining tables
contain FARS data only. Statistics describing fatal crashes or fatalities have been derived from FARS. Statistics
describing injury crashes, property-damage-only crashes, or nonfatal injuries have been derived from GES. The
reader should be aware that FARS numbers are actual counts of fatalities or fatal crashes, whereas GES numbers
are estimates of counts of crashes and injuries and are subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. (See Appendix
C for more information on these errors.) To emphasize this difference, FARS numbers are not rounded, while
GES estimates have been rounded to the nearest thousand. As a result of the rounding, for some tables, the sum of
the row or column entries may not equal the row or column total. In addition, percentages have been calculated
prior to rounding.
The reader may also notice that many tables have rows or footnotes for “unknowns” for FARS data, but not for
GES data. The reason for this difference is that almost all the GES unknown data have been assigned values
through complex statistical procedures. FARS unknown data, on the other hand, are not assigned values, with the
exception of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) test results. When the alcohol test results are unknown, BAC
values have been assigned to drivers and nonoccupants involved in fatal crashes, using a method of multiple
imputation that was revised in 2001. More information on the multiple imputation method, including detailed
tabulations of alcohol involvement in various categories (age, sex, time of day, etc.), is available in NHTSA
Technical Report DOT HS 809 403, Transitioning to Multiple Imputation: A New Method to Estimate Missing
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Values in FARS.
2011 FARS/NASS GES Standardization

There have been significant changes to FARS and NASS GES data as a result of the standardization of data
elements between the two systems. The FARS/NASS GES Standardization began in 2006, with the second
phase being implemented in the 2010 data collection year. The definition and element attribute changes
introduced in 2010 are the most substantive and most numerous changes that have been made in one year in the
reconciliation of the FARS and NASS GES data systems. As a single, unified data entry system, FARS/NASS
GES will be compatible with the Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria (MMUCC), the guideline used by
nearly all States to develop and revise their crash forms and databases. Once complete, the FARS/NASS GES
standardization will simplify crash data coding and analysis, as well as reducing costs and errors.
Probably the most notable changes are the introduction of precrash information in FARS (already collected in
NASS GES) and a change in “case structure,” or how the groups of related data elements are organized. The
structure changes include changes to how the data are now stored and made available. For example, for FARS,
there are now 16 data tables rather than 4, as a result of the change in the number of coding forms and the changes
7
About This Report
in specific data elements. Several data elements that previously allowed only a specified number of responses now
have a “select-all-that-apply” format. There is a separate data table for each of those data elements. The precrash
information represents not only a new coding form but, more importantly, a largely new concept for FARS by
attempting to collect data about the conditions, events, and driver actions that preceded and may have contributed
to the crash. Precrash data, which have been included in NASS GES since 1992, are intended to improve crash
avoidance research.
The new FARS Precrash Form information consists of 23 data elements, 9 of which were previously coded at the
Crash level and 3 each at the Vehicle and Driver levels, and 8 new data elements. Nine trafficway descriptor data
elements have been moved from the Crash level to the new Precrash level. These elements provide details about the
characteristics of the trafficway selected for each vehicle.
Type of Intersection has been added to both systems. Bus Use and Vehicle Configuration are two Vehicle-level
elements that are new to NASS GES in 2010 and modified for FARS (element attributes were consolidated and
redefined). Condition at Time of Crash has been added at the Driver level and at the Non-Motor Vehicle
Occupant level for both systems. For motor vehicle occupants, there is now an Indication of Misuse of Restraint
System or Helmet Use in both systems.
Some of the information that had been collected under FARS Related Factors has been redistributed to new data
elements. For example, some Person-Related Factors have been removed and are now captured in two new
Non-Motor-Vehicle Occupant elements: Non-Motorist Action/Circumstances Prior to Crash; and Non-
Motorist Action/Circumstances at Time of Crash. Some Vehicle-Related Factors are now captured under three
new precrash elements: Contributing Circumstances, Motor Vehicle, and Driver Distracted By. The Driver Level
element, Violations Charged, is now a “Select All That Apply” element.
Changes from Previous Traffic Safety Facts Reports

As a result of changes to the 2010 FARS and GES data, some tables in this annual report were revised, relocated,
or deleted, starting with last year’s Traffic Safety Facts 2010 report. Those changes are continued in this year’s
report, as described below:
O The following tables were deleted from the Crashes chapter:
Q Table 29. Crashes by Relation to Junction, Traffic Control Device, and Crash Severity (see new Table 32)
Q Table 30. Crashes by Speed Limit, Crash Type, and Crash Severity (see new Table 33)
Q Table 31. Fatal Crashes by Speed Limit and Land Use (see new Table 34)
Q Table 32. Crashes by Number of Lanes, Trafficway Flow, and Crash Severity (see new Table 35)
O The following tables were added to the Vehicles chapter:
Q Table 32. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Relation to Junction, Traffic Control Device, and Crash Severity:
Previously Table 29 in the Crashes chapter; moved to the Vehicles chapter because Device is now coded on
the Vehicle level.
Q Table 33. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Speed Limit, Crash Type, and Crash Severity:
Previously Table 30 in the Crashes chapter; moved to the Vehicles chapter because Posted Speed Limit is
now coded on the Vehicle level.
8 Traffic Safety Facts 2011
About This Report

Q Table 34. Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Speed Limit and Land Use:
Previously Table 31 in the Crashes chapter; moved to the Vehicles chapter because Posted Speed Limit is
now coded on the Vehicle level.
Q Table 35. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Number of Lanes, Trafficway Flow, and Crash Severity:
Previously Table 32 in the Crashes chapter; moved to the Vehicles chapter because Number of Travel Lanes
and Trafficway Flow are now coded on the Vehicle level.
Q Table 66. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Crash Type:
Previously Table 59. Changed from “Persons Killed or Injured” to “Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured”
because Posted Speed Limit coding has been moved from the Accident level to the Vehicle level.
Q Table 67. Vehicle Occupants Killed in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Land Use:
Previously Table 60. Changed from "Persons Killed" to "Vehicle Occupants Killed" because Posted Speed
Limit coding has been moved from the Accident level to the Vehicle level.
Q Table 64. Related Factors for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes
Previously Table 66. Some of the information that had been collected as FARS Driver-Related Factors has
been redistributed to new data elements. This table attempts to capture the same information by including all
the factor-related elements. Nonetheless, significant changes in the results from previous years may be the
result of the new coding rather than being indicative of real changes in the underlying events.
Q Table 100. Pedestrians Killed, by Related Factors:

Some of the information that had been collected as FARS Person-Related Factors has been redistributed to
new data elements. This table attempts to capture the same information by including all the factor-related
elements. Nonetheless, significant changes in the results from previous years may be the result of the new
coding rather than being indicative of real changes in the underlying events.
Q Table 105. Pedalcyclists Killed, by Related Factors:

Some of the information that had been collected under FARS Person-Related Factors has been redistributed
to new data elements. This table attempts to capture the same information by including all the factor-related
elements. Nonetheless, significant changes in the results from previous years may be the result of the new
coding rather than being indicative of real changes in the underlying events
Q Table 121. Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class:
Changed from "Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by Road Type and Speed Limit" because Speed Limit is
no longer coded on the Accident level
O The following figures have been deleted or moved because Speed Limit coding moved from the Accident level to
the Vehicle level:
Q The previous Figure 12 (Percent of Fatal Crashes, by Speed Limit and Land Use) has been deleted
altogether.
Q Figure 23. Percent of Vehicle Occupants Killed, by Speed Limit and Land Use (previously Figure 19, titled
Percent of Fatalities, by Speed Limit and Land Use).
Q The previous Figure 24 (Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by Speed Limit) has been deleted
altogether.

9
DATA AVAILABILITY
W hile this report presents a wide spectrum of information in more than 100 tables and figures, it contains
only a fraction of the data available from FARS and GES. Additional data from FARS (1975 through 2011) or
from GES (1988 through 2011) are available in four ways:
O Modest requests for specific data will be answered by NCSA at no charge. Response usually requires about two
weeks, depending on the nature and complexity of the data requested.
O Compact disks can be purchased in one of several formats amenable to analysis. This will enable you to process
the data using your own computer system. Information on acquiring the compact disks is available by
contacting the Volpe Center at the following address:
Attn: Rita Da Silva

USDOT Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (RTV-5E)
55 Broadway
Cambridge, MA 02142
617-494-3088
[email protected]
O FARS and GES data can be obtained by downloading any of the published files from the Internet, at
ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/FARS or ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/GES. The files are available in SAS, sequential
ASCII, and (for FARS only, not GES) DBF file formats. This will enable you to process the data using your
own computer system.
O FARS data can also be accessed on the Web at www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov. This Web site provides instant access
to the 1994 through 2011 FARS data via the Create-a-Query, Create-a-Map, and Reports features. The
Create-a-Query feature will enable you to process the data using our interactive user interface. The
Create-a-Map feature will enable you to create State-by-State and county-by-county map displays from an
inventory of report selections. The Reports feature is an inventory of the fatality statistical reports found in this
publication. These are national reports for current and past years that may be customized by selection of State;
and for State reports, county tabulation may be selected.
VEHICLE SAFETY HOTLINE

To report a safety-related problem or to inquire about motor vehicle
safety information, contact the Vehicle Safety Hotline at 888-327-4236.

11
Data Availability
Requests for more information from FARS or GES should be directed to:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
National Center for Statistics and Analysis
NVS-424
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-4198 or 800-934-8517
Email: [email protected]
Requests for more information may also be submitted online via NCSA’s Customer Automated Tracking System
(CATS):
CATS http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/CATS/index.aspx
Additional information on all NHTSA’s data files, including FARS and GES, can be found on the NCSA Web
site: http://www.nhtsa.gov/NCSA. Fact sheets, recent NCSA research notes, and abstracts of technical reports
can be downloaded in portable document format (PDF). Comments and suggestions about the NCSA Web site
can be e-mailed to the following address: [email protected].
Chapter 1
TRENDS
CHAPTER 1 � TRENDS
T he tables in this chapter present statistics about police-reported motor vehicle crashes over time. Trends for
fatal crashes and fatalities generally are presented from 1975 (when FARS began operation) to 2011; however,
tables with alcohol data from FARS show data only for the years these data are available—1982 to 2011. Trends
for nonfatal crashes and injured are presented from 1988 (when GES began operation) to 2011. Care should be
taken when comparing nonfatal crash and injury statistics from one year to the next. Since the statistics derived
from GES data are estimates, year-to-year differences may be the result of the sampling process, not the result of an
actual trend. The variability or sampling errors associated with the estimates must be considered when making any
year-to-year comparisons using GES data. (For more information on sampling error, see Appendix C.) Below are
some of the statistics you will find in this chapter:
O Fatal crashes decreased by 1.8 percent from 2010 to 2011, and the fatality rate dropped to 1.10 fatalities per
100 million vehicle miles of travel in 2011.
O The injury rate in 2011 was the same as the rate in 2010 and 2009, at 75 persons injured per 100 million vehicle
miles of travel.
O The occupant fatality rate (including motorcyclists) per 100,000 population, which declined by 22.7 percent
from 1975 to 1992, decreased by 32.7 percent from 1992 to 2011.
O The occupant injury rate (including motorcyclists) per 100,000 population, which declined by 13.6 percent
from 1988 to 1992, decreased by 41.1 percent from 1992 to 2011.
O The nonoccupant fatality rate per 100,000 population has declined by 57.4 percent from 1975 to 2011.
O The nonoccupant injury rate per 100,000 population has declined by 49.4 percent from 1988 to 2011.
O The percent of alcohol-impaired driving fatalities has declined from 48 percent in 1982 to 31 percent in 2011.

15
Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 1
Fatal Crashes, 1975-2011
Number of Fatal Crashes
50,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
Table 1
Crashes by Crash Severity, 1988-2011
Crash Severity
Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total Crashes
Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1988 42,130 0.6 2,233,000 32.4 4,611,000 67.0 6,887,000 100.0
1991 36,937 0.6 2,008,000 32.8 4,073,000 66.6 6,117,000 100.0
1992 34,942 0.6 1,991,000 33.2 3,974,000 66.2 6,000,000 100.0
1993 35,780 0.6 2,022,000 33.1 4,048,000 66.3 6,106,000 100.0
1994 36,254 0.6 2,123,000 32.7 4,336,000 66.8 6,496,000 100.0
1995 37,241 0.6 2,217,000 33.1 4,446,000 66.4 6,699,000 100.0
1996 37,494 0.6 2,238,000 33.1 4,494,000 66.4 6,770,000 100.0
1997 37,324 0.6 2,149,000 32.4 4,438,000 67.0 6,624,000 100.0
1998 37,107 0.6 2,029,000 32.0 4,269,000 67.4 6,335,000 100.0
1999 37,140 0.6 2,054,000 32.7 4,188,000 66.7 6,279,000 100.0
2000 37,526 0.6 2,070,000 32.4 4,286,000 67.0 6,394,000 100.0
2001 37,862 0.6 2,003,000 31.7 4,282,000 67.7 6,323,000 100.0
2002 38,491 0.6 1,929,000 30.5 4,348,000 68.8 6,316,000 100.0
2003 38,477 0.6 1,925,000 30.4 4,365,000 69.0 6,328,000 100.0
2004 38,444 0.6 1,862,000 30.1 4,281,000 69.3 6,181,000 100.0
2005 39,252 0.6 1,816,000 29.5 4,304,000 69.9 6,159,000 100.0
2006 38,648 0.6 1,746,000 29.2 4,189,000 70.1 5,973,000 100.0
2007 37,435 0.6 1,711,000 28.4 4,275,000 71.0 6,024,000 100.0
2008 34,172 0.6 1,630,000 28.1 4,146,000 71.4 5,811,000 100.0
2009 30,862 0.6 1,517,000 27.6 3,957,000 71.9 5,505,000 100.0
2010 30,296 0.6 1,542,000 28.5 3,847,000 71.0 5,419,000 100.0
2011 29,757 0.6 1,530,000 28.7 3,778,000 70.8 5,338,000 100.0
Table 2
Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Population, Licensed Drivers,
Registered Vehicles, and Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2011
Killed
Fatality Rate Registered Fatality Rate Fatality Rate
Resident Fatality Rate Licensed per 100,000 Motor per 100,000 Vehicle Miles per 100 Million
Population per 100,000 Drivers Licensed Vehicles Registered Traveled Vehicle Miles
Year Fatalities (Thousands) Population (Thousands) Drivers (Thousands) Vehicles (Billions) Traveled
1966 50,894 196,560 25.89 100,998 50.39 95,703 53.18 926 5.50
1975 44,525 215,973 20.62 129,791 34.31 126,153 35.29 1,328 3.35
1980 51,091 227,225 22.48 145,295 35.16 146,845 34.79 1,527 3.35
1985 43,825 237,924 18.42 156,868 27.94 166,047 26.39 1,775 2.47
1988 47,087 244,499 19.26 162,854 28.91 177,455 26.53 2,026 2.32
1990 44,599 249,464 17.88 167,015 26.70 184,275 24.20 2,144 2.08
1991 41,508 252,153 16.46 168,995 24.56 186,370 22.27 2,172 1.91
1992 39,250 255,030 15.39 173,125 22.67 184,938 21.22 2,247 1.75
1993 40,150 257,783 15.58 173,149 23.19 188,350 21.32 2,296 1.75
1994 40,716 260,327 15.64 175,403 23.21 192,497 21.15 2,358 1.73
1995 41,817 262,803 15.91 176,628 23.68 197,065 21.22 2,423 1.73
1996 42,065 265,229 15.86 179,539 23.43 201,631 20.86 2,484 1.69
1997 42,013 267,784 15.69 182,709 22.99 203,568 20.64 2,552 1.65
1998 41,501 270,248 15.36 184,861 22.45 208,076 19.95 2,628 1.58
1999 41,717 272,691 15.30 187,170 22.29 212,685 19.61 2,690 1.55
2000 41,945 282,162 14.87 190,625 22.00 217,028 19.33 2,747 1.53
2001 42,196 284,969 14.81 191,276 22.06 221,230 19.07 2,796 1.51
2002 43,005 287,625 14.95 194,602 22.10 225,685 19.06 2,856 1.51
2003 42,884 290,108 14.78 196,166 21.86 230,633 18.59 2,890 1.48
2004 42,836 292,805 14.63 198,889 21.54 237,949 18.00 2,965 1.44
2005 43,510 295,517 14.72 200,549 21.70 245,628 17.71 2,989 1.46
2006 42,708 298,380 14.31 202,810 21.06 251,415 16.99 3,014 1.42
2007 41,259 301,231 13.70 205,742 20.05 257,472 16.02 3,031 1.36
2008 37,423 304,094 12.31 208,321 17.96 259,360 14.43 2,977 1.26
2009 33,883 306,772 11.05 209,618 16.16 258,958 13.08 2,957 1.15
2010 32,999 309,330 10.67 210,115 15.71 257,312 12.82 2,967 1.11
2011 32,367 311,592 10.39 211,875 15.28 257,512 12.57 2,946 1.10
Injured
Injury Rate Registered Injury Rate Injury Rate
Resident Injury Rate Licensed per 100,000 Motor per 100,000 Vehicle Miles per 100 Million
Population per 100,000 Drivers Licensed Vehicles Registered Traveled Vehicle Miles
Year Injured (Thousands) Population (Thousands) Drivers (Thousands) Vehicles (Billions) Traveled
1988 3,416,000 244,499 1,397 162,854 2,098 177,455 1,925 2,026 169
1990 3,231,000 249,464 1,295 167,015 1,934 184,275 1,753 2,144 151
1991 3,097,000 252,153 1,228 168,995 1,833 186,370 1,662 2,172 143
1992 3,070,000 255,030 1,204 173,125 1,773 184,938 1,660 2,247 137
1993 3,149,000 257,783 1,222 173,149 1,819 188,350 1,672 2,296 137
1994 3,266,000 260,327 1,255 175,403 1,862 192,497 1,697 2,358 139
1995 3,465,000 262,803 1,319 176,628 1,962 197,065 1,758 2,423 143
1996 3,483,000 265,229 1,313 179,539 1,940 201,631 1,728 2,484 140
1997 3,348,000 267,784 1,250 182,709 1,832 203,568 1,644 2,552 131
1998 3,192,000 270,248 1,181 184,861 1,727 208,076 1,534 2,628 121
1999 3,236,000 272,691 1,187 187,170 1,729 212,685 1,522 2,690 120
2000 3,189,000 282,162 1,130 190,625 1,673 217,028 1,469 2,747 116
2001 3,033,000 284,969 1,064 191,276 1,585 221,230 1,371 2,796 108
2002 2,926,000 287,625 1,017 194,602 1,503 225,685 1,296 2,856 102
2003 2,889,000 290,108 996 196,166 1,473 230,633 1,252 2,890 100
2004 2,788,000 292,805 952 198,889 1,402 237,949 1,172 2,965 94
2005 2,699,000 295,517 913 200,549 1,346 245,628 1,099 2,989 90
2006 2,575,000 298,380 863 202,810 1,269 251,415 1,024 3,014 85
2007 2,491,000 301,231 827 205,742 1,211 257,472 967 3,031 82
2008 2,346,000 304,094 771 208,321 1,126 259,360 904 2,977 79
2009 2,217,000 306,772 723 209,618 1,058 258,958 856 2,957 75
2010 2,239,000 309,330 724 210,115 1,066 257,312 870 2,967 75
2011 2,217,000 311,592 711 211,875 1,046 257,512 861 2,946 75
Note: Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver counts.
Sources: Vehicle Miles of Travel and Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration; Registered Vehicles, 1966—Federal Highway Administration;
Registered Vehicles, 1975-2011—R.L. Polk & Co. and Federal Highway Administration; Population—U.S. Bureau of the Census;
Traffic Deaths, 1966—National Center for Health Statistics, D.H.H.S., State Accident Summaries (adjusted to 30-day traffic deaths by NHTSA);
Traffic Deaths, 1975-2011—Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), NHTSA, 30-day traffic deaths; Injured, 1988-2011—General Estimates System (GES),
NHTSA. Injury data not available for years before 1988.

17
Figure 2
Motor Vehicle Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2011
Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

6.00
Injury Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

200
5.00
150
100
4.00
50
0
3.00 1988 1995 2000 2005 2011
2.00
1.00
0.00
1966 1970 1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
Table 3
Vehicles Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Vehicle Miles of Travel
and per Registered Vehicle by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity, 1975-2011
Vehicle Type
Passenger Cars Light Trucks Large Trucks Motorcycles
Involvement Involvement Involvement Involvement
Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per
Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000
100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered
Year Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles
Fatal Crashes
1975 37,897 3.68 40.11 8,636 4.23 41.35 3,977 4.89 74.16 3,265 58.00 65.77
1980 39,059 3.53 37.28 12,680 4.29 42.18 5,379 4.96 92.89 5,194 50.85 91.22
1990 34,085 2.39 27.65 15,620 2.81 31.29 4,776 3.27 77.08 3,276 34.28 76.91
1995 30,940 2.09 25.11 17,587 2.35 28.13 4,472 2.51 66.55 2,268 23.15 58.20
1996 30,727 2.05 24.66 18,246 2.32 27.88 4,755 2.60 67.81 2,176 21.94 56.20
1997 30,059 1.97 24.11 18,628 2.26 27.68 4,917 2.57 69.42 2,160 21.43 56.45
1998 29,040 1.87 23.05 19,363 2.25 27.75 4,955 2.52 64.08 2,334 22.70 60.16
1999 28,027 1.79 22.05 19,959 2.22 27.37 4,920 2.43 63.15 2,532 23.92 60.98
2000 27,802 1.76 21.73 20,498 2.18 26.98 4,995 2.43 62.26 2,975 28.42 68.45
2001 27,586 1.73 21.38 20,831 2.14 26.48 4,823 2.31 61.38 3,265 33.89 66.59
2002 27,374 1.70 21.00 21,668 2.14 26.54 4,587 2.14 57.86 3,365 35.23 67.24
2003 26,562 1.65 20.17 22,299 2.14 26.21 4,721 2.17 60.86 3,802 39.70 70.80
2004 25,682 1.58 19.25 22,486 2.05 25.04 4,902 2.22 59.99 4,121 40.71 71.45
2005 25,169 1.56 18.60 22,964 2.03 24.23 4,951 2.22 58.37 4,682 44.79 75.19
2006 24,260 1.50 17.70 22,411 1.94 22.85 4,766 2.14 54.04 4,963 41.19 74.31
2007 22,856 1.47 16.57 21,810 1.92 21.63 4,633 1.52 43.09 5,306 24.80 74.33
2008 20,474 1.34 14.73 19,179 1.73 19.01 4,089 1.32 37.61 5,409 25.99 69.77
2009 18,413 1.22 13.42 17,958 1.60 17.60 3,211 1.11 29.26 4,603 22.11 58.05
2010 17,804 1.18 13.16 17,491 1.53 17.09 3,494 1.22 32.44 4,651 25.12 58.07
2011 17,442 1.17 12.96 16,740 1.45 16.16 3,608 1.35 35.13 4,749 25.67 56.28
Injury Crashes
1988 3,073,000 222 2,529 683,000 140 1,530 96,000 69 1,562 98,000 974 2,129
1990 2,838,000 199 2,302 729,000 131 1,460 107,000 73 1,730 82,000 854 1,916
1995 2,914,000 197 2,365 1,024,000 137 1,638 84,000 47 1,244 52,000 530 1,331
1996 2,884,000 192 2,314 1,071,000 136 1,636 94,000 51 1,339 51,000 512 1,312
1997 2,736,000 179 2,195 1,064,000 129 1,582 96,000 50 1,349 51,000 501 1,321
1998 2,545,000 164 2,020 1,059,000 123 1,517 89,000 45 1,146 45,000 433 1,148
1999 2,438,000 155 1,918 1,165,000 129 1,598 101,000 50 1,292 46,000 436 1,111
2000 2,396,000 151 1,873 1,209,000 129 1,591 101,000 49 1,253 53,000 509 1,226
2001 2,279,000 143 1,766 1,218,000 125 1,548 90,000 43 1,143 57,000 588 1,155
2002 2,136,000 132 1,639 1,210,000 120 1,482 94,000 44 1,189 58,000 612 1,167
2003 2,129,000 132 1,617 1,233,000 118 1,449 89,000 41 1,145 64,000 665 1,185
2004 1,990,000 122 1,491 1,246,000 114 1,387 87,000 39 1,062 70,000 694 1,217
2005 1,893,000 117 1,399 1,209,000 107 1,275 82,000 37 971 80,000 769 1,291
2006 1,794,000 111 1,309 1,202,000 104 1,225 80,000 36 911 84,000 694 1,251
2007 1,708,000 110 1,239 1,163,000 102 1,153 76,000 25 705 98,000 458 1,374
2008 1,624,000 107 1,168 1,095,000 99 1,086 66,000 21 608 90,000 433 1,162
2009 1,507,000 100 1,098 1,066,000 95 1,045 53,000 19 487 84,000 405 1,065
2010 1,579,000 105 1,167 1,053,000 92 1,029 58,000 20 541 78,000 419 968
2011 1,571,000 105 1,168 1,026,000 89 990 63,000 23 609 77,000 414 907
Property-Damage-Only Crashes
1988 6,050,000 437 4,979 1,542,000 316 3,458 297,000 215 4,839 21,000 207 453
1990 5,485,000 384 4,450 1,654,000 298 3,314 273,000 187 4,411 20,000 208 467
1995 5,335,000 361 4,329 2,149,000 287 3,437 289,000 162 4,307 13,000 131 329
1996 5,281,000 352 4,238 2,274,000 289 3,475 295,000 161 4,209 14,000 138 355
1997 5,116,000 335 4,104 2,314,000 281 3,439 337,000 176 4,761 10,000 102 268
1998 4,896,000 315 3,887 2,315,000 269 3,317 318,000 162 4,114 9,000 84 222
1999 4,469,000 285 3,517 2,491,000 277 3,416 369,000 182 4,739 10,000 96 246
2000 4,467,000 282 3,491 2,621,000 279 3,450 351,000 171 4,377 14,000 133 321
2001 4,399,000 276 3,409 2,679,000 275 3,406 335,000 160 4,261 14,000 150 295
2002 4,443,000 275 3,408 2,757,000 273 3,376 336,000 156 4,232 17,000 173 330
2003 4,356,000 270 3,308 2,804,000 269 3,297 363,000 167 4,681 14,000 142 253
2004 4,216,000 259 3,160 2,886,000 263 3,213 324,000 147 3,970 13,000 132 231
2005 4,169,000 258 3,081 2,919,000 258 3,080 354,000 159 4,176 18,000 174 291
2006 4,046,000 250 2,953 2,932,000 254 2,990 300,000 135 3,398 15,000 128 230
2007 4,014,000 258 2,910 3,007,000 265 2,983 333,000 110 3,098 20,000 93 278
2008 3,931,000 258 2,827 2,848,000 258 2,824 309,000 100 2,845 18,000 88 235
2009 3,686,000 244 2,687 2,866,000 255 2,810 239,000 83 2,181 17,000 80 211
2010 3,754,000 249 2,774 2,704,000 237 2,642 214,000 75 1,986 14,000 77 178
2011 3,740,000 250 2,779 2,582,000 224 2,492 221,000 83 2,154 18,000 98 216
Note: See Tables 7 through 10 for notes regarding an enhanced methodology used to estimate registered vehicles and vehicle miles traveled for 2007 and after.
Sources: Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA; Registered Passenger Cars and Light Trucks—R.L. Polk & Co;
Registered Large Trucks and Motorcycles—Federal Highway Administration.

19
Table 4
Persons Killed or Injured by Person Type and Vehicle Type, 1975-2011
Person Type
Occupants by Vehicle Type Nonoccupants
Passenger Light Large Other/ Motor Other/
Year Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Total cyclists Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Unknown Total Total
Killed
1975 25,929 4,856 961 53 937 32,736 3,189 7,516 1,003 81 8,600 44,525
1980 27,449 7,486 1,262 46 540 36,783 5,144 8,070 965 129 9,164 51,091
1985 23,212 6,689 977 57 544 31,479 4,564 6,808 890 84 7,782 43,825
1988 25,808 8,306 911 54 429 35,508 3,662 6,870 911 136 7,917 47,087
1990 24,092 8,601 705 32 460 33,890 3,244 6,482 859 124 7,465 44,599
1991 22,385 8,391 661 31 466 31,934 2,806 5,801 843 124 6,768 41,508
1992 21,387 8,098 585 28 387 30,485 2,395 5,549 723 98 6,370 39,250
1993 21,566 8,511 605 18 425 31,125 2,449 5,649 816 111 6,576 40,150
1994 21,997 8,904 670 18 409 31,998 2,320 5,489 802 107 6,398 40,716
1995 22,423 9,568 648 33 392 33,064 2,227 5,584 833 109 6,526 41,817
1996* 22,505 9,932 621 21 455 33,534 2,161 5,449 765 154 6,368 42,065
1997 22,199 10,249 723 18 420 33,609 2,116 5,321 814 153 6,288 42,013
1998 21,194 10,705 742 38 409 33,088 2,294 5,228 760 131 6,119 41,501
1999 20,862 11,265 759 59 447 33,392 2,483 4,939 754 149 5,842 41,717
2000 20,699 11,526 754 22 450 33,451 2,897 4,763 693 141 5,597 41,945
2001 20,320 11,723 708 34 458 33,243 3,197 4,901 732 123 5,756 42,196
2002 20,569 12,274 689 45 528 34,105 3,270 4,851 665 114 5,630 43,005
2003 19,725 12,546 726 41 589 33,627 3,714 4,774 629 140 5,543 42,884
2004 19,192 12,674 766 42 602 33,276 4,028 4,675 727 130 5,532 42,836
2005 18,512 13,037 804 58 659 33,070 4,576 4,892 786 186 5,864 43,510
2006 17,925 12,761 805 27 601 32,119 4,837 4,795 772 185 5,752 42,708
2007 16,614 12,458 805 36 614 30,527 5,174 4,699 701 158 5,558 41,259
2008 14,646 10,816 682 67 580 26,791 5,312 4,414 718 188 5,320 37,423
2009 13,135 10,312 499 26 554 24,526 4,469 4,109 628 151 4,888 33,883
2010 12,491 9,782 530 44 524 23,371 4,518 4,302 623 185 5,110 32,999
2011 11,981 9,272 635 54 506 22,448 4,612 4,432 677 198 5,307 32,367
Injured
1988 2,585,000 478,000 37,000 15,000 4,000 3,119,000 105,000 110,000 75,000 8,000 192,000 3,416,000
1990 2,376,000 505,000 42,000 33,000 4,000 2,960,000 84,000 105,000 75,000 7,000 187,000 3,231,000
1991 2,235,000 563,000 28,000 21,000 4,000 2,850,000 80,000 88,000 67,000 11,000 166,000 3,097,000
1992 2,232,000 545,000 34,000 20,000 12,000 2,843,000 65,000 89,000 63,000 10,000 162,000 3,070,000
1993 2,265,000 601,000 32,000 17,000 4,000 2,919,000 59,000 94,000 68,000 9,000 171,000 3,149,000
1994 2,364,000 631,000 30,000 16,000 4,000 3,045,000 57,000 92,000 62,000 9,000 164,000 3,266,000
1995 2,469,000 722,000 30,000 19,000 4,000 3,246,000 57,000 86,000 67,000 10,000 162,000 3,465,000
1996 2,458,000 761,000 33,000 20,000 4,000 3,277,000 55,000 82,000 58,000 11,000 151,000 3,483,000
1997 2,341,000 755,000 31,000 17,000 6,000 3,149,000 53,000 77,000 58,000 11,000 146,000 3,348,000
1998 2,201,000 763,000 29,000 16,000 4,000 3,012,000 49,000 69,000 53,000 8,000 131,000 3,192,000
1999 2,138,000 847,000 33,000 22,000 7,000 3,047,000 50,000 85,000 51,000 3,000 140,000 3,236,000
2000 2,052,000 887,000 31,000 18,000 10,000 2,997,000 58,000 78,000 51,000 5,000 134,000 3,189,000
2001 1,927,000 861,000 29,000 15,000 9,000 2,841,000 60,000 78,000 45,000 8,000 131,000 3,033,000
2002 1,805,000 879,000 26,000 19,000 6,000 2,735,000 65,000 71,000 48,000 7,000 126,000 2,926,000
2003 1,756,000 889,000 27,000 18,000 7,000 2,697,000 67,000 70,000 46,000 8,000 124,000 2,889,000
2004 1,643,000 900,000 27,000 16,000 7,000 2,594,000 76,000 68,000 41,000 9,000 118,000 2,788,000
2005 1,573,000 872,000 27,000 11,000 10,000 2,494,000 87,000 64,000 45,000 8,000 118,000 2,699,000
2006 1,475,000 857,000 23,000 10,000 11,000 2,375,000 88,000 61,000 44,000 7,000 112,000 2,575,000
2007 1,379,000 841,000 23,000 12,000 8,000 2,264,000 103,000 70,000 43,000 10,000 124,000 2,491,000
2008 1,304,000 768,000 23,000 15,000 9,000 2,120,000 96,000 69,000 52,000 9,000 130,000 2,346,000
2009 1,216,000 759,000 17,000 12,000 7,000 2,011,000 90,000 59,000 51,000 7,000 116,000 2,217,000
2010 1,253,000 733,000 20,000 17,000 5,000 2,027,000 82,000 70,000 52,000 8,000 130,000 2,239,000
2011 1,240,000 728,000 23,000 13,000 6,000 2,010,000 81,000 69,000 48,000 9,000 126,000 2,217,000
*Total for 1996 includes 2 fatalities of unknown person type.
Table 5
Drivers Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Licensed Driver
by Sex and Crash Severity, 1975-2011
Sex
Male (>15 Years Old) Female (>15 Years Old) Total (>15 Years Old)*
Involvement Involvement Involvement
Rate per Rate per Rate per
Number Licensed 100,000 Number Licensed 100,000 Number Licensed 100,000
Involved in Drivers Licensed Involved in Drivers Licensed Involved in Drivers Licensed
Year Crashes (Thousands) Drivers Crashes (Thousands) Drivers Crashes (Thousands) Drivers
Drivers in Fatal Crashes
1975 45,087 70,435 64.01 9,356 59,233 15.80 54,445 129,668 41.99
1988 46,840 84,099 55.70 13,814 78,661 17.56 60,658 162,760 37.27
1995 40,799 89,183 45.75 14,043 87,386 16.07 54,847 176,569 31.06
1996 40,899 90,504 45.19 14,723 89,007 16.54 55,624 179,510 30.99
1997 40,594 91,888 44.18 14,816 90,789 16.32 55,412 182,677 30.33
1998 40,433 93,087 43.44 14,967 91,860 16.29 55,404 184,947 29.96
1999 40,639 94,149 43.16 14,717 92,988 15.83 55,359 187,137 29.58
2000 41,443 95,782 43.27 14,682 94,816 15.48 56,126 190,598 29.45
2001 41,548 95,779 43.38 14,829 95,471 15.53 56,380 191,250 29.48
2002 41,995 97,595 43.03 14,876 96,978 15.34 56,874 194,574 29.23
2003 42,177 98,209 42.95 15,106 97,919 15.43 57,285 196,128 29.21
2004 41,876 99,559 42.06 15,272 99,305 15.38 57,152 198,864 28.74
2005 42,947 100,240 42.84 14,967 100,285 14.92 57,921 200,525 28.88
2006 41,912 101,010 41.49 14,661 101,589 14.43 56,577 202,599 27.93
2007 40,764 102,338 39.83 14,101 103,152 13.67 54,872 205,490 26.70
2008 36,825 103,449 35.60 12,536 104,537 11.99 49,369 207,986 23.74
2009 32,690 104,056 31.42 11,797 105,153 11.22 44,492 209,209 21.27
2010 31,897 104,175 30.62 11,796 105,542 11.18 43,697 209,717 20.84
2011 31,661 104,720 30.23 11,172 106,794 10.46 42,836 211,514 20.25
Drivers in Injury Crashes
1988 2,423,000 84,099 2,881 1,485,000 78,661 1,887 3,907,000 162,760 2,401
1995 2,378,000 89,184 2,667 1,687,000 87,386 1,931 4,066,000 176,570 2,303
1996 2,378,000 90,503 2,627 1,711,000 89,007 1,922 4,089,000 179,510 2,278
1997 2,296,000 91,888 2,499 1,643,000 90,789 1,809 3,939,000 182,677 2,156
1998 2,158,000 93,023 2,319 1,576,000 91,805 1,717 3,734,000 184,828 2,020
1999 2,134,000 94,149 2,267 1,609,000 92,988 1,730 3,743,000 187,137 2,000
2000 2,192,000 95,782 2,289 1,573,000 94,816 1,659 3,765,000 190,598 1,975
2001 2,090,000 95,779 2,182 1,547,000 95,471 1,620 3,637,000 191,250 1,902
2002 2,000,000 97,595 2,049 1,481,000 96,978 1,528 3,482,000 194,574 1,789
2003 1,990,000 98,209 2,026 1,525,000 97,919 1,557 3,514,000 196,128 1,792
2004 1,912,000 99,559 1,920 1,482,000 99,305 1,493 3,394,000 198,864 1,707
2005 1,837,000 100,240 1,832 1,425,000 100,285 1,421 3,262,000 200,525 1,627
2006 1,763,000 101,010 1,745 1,387,000 101,589 1,366 3,150,000 202,599 1,555
2007 1,708,000 102,338 1,669 1,333,000 103,152 1,292 3,041,000 205,490 1,480
2008 1,596,000 103,449 1,543 1,276,000 104,537 1,221 2,872,000 207,986 1,381
2009 1,487,000 104,056 1,429 1,217,000 105,153 1,157 2,704,000 209,209 1,292
2010 1,511,000 104,175 1,451 1,261,000 105,542 1,195 2,773,000 209,717 1,322
2011 1,503,000 104,720 1,435 1,240,000 106,794 1,161 2,743,000 211,514 1,297
Drivers in Property-Damage-Only Crashes
1988 5,013,000 84,099 5,961 2,816,000 78,661 3,580 7,829,000 162,760 4,810
1995 4,847,000 89,184 5,434 2,905,000 87,386 3,325 7,752,000 176,570 4,390
1996 4,888,000 90,503 5,400 2,968,000 89,007 3,335 7,856,000 179,510 4,376
1997 4,808,000 91,888 5,232 2,967,000 90,789 3,268 7,775,000 182,677 4,256
1998 4,634,000 93,023 4,982 2,902,000 91,805 3,162 7,536,000 184,828 4,078
1999 4,509,000 94,149 4,789 2,800,000 92,988 3,011 7,309,000 187,137 3,906
2000 4,559,000 95,782 4,760 2,904,000 94,816 3,062 7,463,000 190,598 3,915
2001 4,518,000 95,779 4,717 2,903,000 95,471 3,041 7,421,000 191,250 3,880
2002 4,436,000 97,595 4,545 2,999,000 96,978 3,093 7,435,000 194,574 3,821
2003 4,528,000 98,209 4,610 3,020,000 97,919 3,084 7,547,000 196,128 3,848
2004 4,405,000 99,559 4,424 3,037,000 99,305 3,058 7,442,000 198,864 3,742
2005 4,357,000 100,240 4,347 3,007,000 100,285 2,998 7,364,000 200,525 3,672
2006 4,232,000 101,010 4,190 2,968,000 101,589 2,922 7,200,000 202,599 3,554
2007 4,329,000 102,338 4,230 3,058,000 103,152 2,964 7,386,000 205,490 3,594
2008 4,115,000 103,449 3,978 2,940,000 104,537 2,812 7,055,000 207,986 3,392
2009 3,839,000 104,056 3,689 2,879,000 105,153 2,738 6,718,000 209,209 3,211
2010 3,841,000 104,175 3,687 2,855,000 105,542 2,705 6,696,000 209,717 3,193
2011 3,669,000 104,720 3,503 2,918,000 106,794 2,732 6,586,000 211,514 3,114
*Total includes drivers (>15 years old) of unknown sex.
Notes: Drivers in this table include motorcycle riders. Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver counts.
Source: Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration.

21
Figure 3
Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers 16 Years and Older
by Sex and Crash Severity, 1975-2011
Fatal Crashes
70
Female Male
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
Injury Crashes Property-Damage-Only Crashes

3,000 6,000
2,500 5,000
2,000 4,000
1,500 3,000
1,000 2,000
500 1,000
0 0
1988 1995 2000 2005 2011 1988 1995 2000 2005 2011
Table 6
Motor Vehicle Occupant and Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates
per Population by Age Group, 1975-2011
Age Group (Years)
Year <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Total
Fatality Rate per 100,000 Population
1975 4.50 2.71 5.71 38.77 34.90 21.57 15.67 13.42 13.29 14.72 16.98 16.67
1985 3.18 2.36 5.52 33.72 32.75 19.50 13.87 11.88 11.33 12.63 16.73 15.15
1988 3.82 2.64 5.74 37.95 33.63 20.50 14.20 12.33 12.15 14.12 19.26 16.02
1989 3.93 2.92 5.48 34.71 30.85 20.10 13.89 12.46 12.18 14.24 19.41 15.43
1990 3.30 2.50 5.25 34.14 30.62 19.81 13.34 12.20 11.91 13.36 18.48 14.89
1991 3.13 2.39 4.86 31.76 28.83 17.79 12.29 11.12 10.75 13.22 19.14 13.78
1992 2.99 2.41 4.75 28.37 25.96 16.54 11.71 10.62 10.53 13.27 18.81 12.89
1993 3.14 2.35 4.67 28.99 26.70 16.47 11.86 10.52 10.86 12.73 20.78 13.02
1994 3.46 2.35 5.07 30.46 26.27 16.07 11.79 11.15 10.71 13.99 20.71 13.18
1995 3.17 2.46 5.15 29.58 27.30 17.03 12.49 11.01 11.42 13.67 20.87 13.43
1996 3.40 2.34 5.07 29.43 27.31 16.78 12.60 11.14 11.58 14.20 20.84 13.46
1997 3.16 2.42 4.96 28.38 25.53 16.49 12.23 11.57 11.96 14.46 22.09 13.34
1998 3.03 2.60 4.60 27.61 25.06 15.81 12.60 11.44 11.53 14.31 21.28 13.09
1999 2.94 2.54 4.49 28.10 25.56 16.13 12.62 11.48 11.52 14.17 20.70 13.16
2000 2.82 2.38 4.27 27.76 25.29 15.55 12.81 11.51 11.38 12.88 19.51 12.88
2001 2.68 2.27 3.77 27.76 24.94 15.67 12.93 11.35 11.01 12.76 19.35 12.79
2002 2.44 2.13 4.07 28.84 25.88 15.75 13.03 11.85 11.10 12.61 18.81 12.99
2003 2.48 2.14 4.13 27.26 24.87 15.54 13.07 12.02 11.24 12.45 19.27 12.87
2004 2.57 2.28 4.25 26.69 24.94 15.82 12.48 12.07 11.05 12.30 18.16 12.74
2005 2.35 2.24 3.49 25.26 25.71 16.33 12.92 11.99 11.60 12.46 17.29 12.74
2006 2.32 1.85 3.31 24.59 26.07 16.37 12.68 11.80 10.95 11.31 15.73 12.39
2007 1.98 1.78 3.17 22.86 25.02 15.40 12.20 11.52 10.58 10.93 15.41 11.85
2008 1.50 1.44 2.42 18.71 21.56 14.28 11.03 10.54 9.82 10.02 14.16 10.56
2009 1.62 1.40 2.17 16.41 17.62 12.45 9.90 9.89 8.78 9.18 13.42 9.45
2010 1.48 1.26 1.95 13.92 17.60 11.84 9.46 9.15 8.88 8.95 14.01 9.02
2011 1.38 1.22 1.81 13.98 16.61 11.46 9.03 8.94 8.34 9.09 12.55 8.68
Injury Rate per 100,000 Population

1988 417 444 734 3,283 2,666 1,800 1,308 1,030 876 710 656 1,319
1989 370 469 727 3,210 2,467 1,672 1,280 985 801 713 618 1,251
1990 329 430 674 3,110 2,494 1,672 1,227 989 844 750 514 1,220
1991 384 470 709 2,921 2,317 1,574 1,144 977 801 727 521 1,162
1992 323 438 685 2,988 2,253 1,573 1,101 971 783 722 586 1,140
1993 367 471 657 2,885 2,307 1,606 1,195 956 821 707 592 1,155
1994 411 468 706 2,958 2,369 1,667 1,225 987 857 756 598 1,192
1995 418 483 742 3,193 2,456 1,722 1,291 1,132 926 755 624 1,257
1996 418 533 731 3,132 2,432 1,766 1,295 1,085 904 788 654 1,256
1997 400 461 684 2,981 2,401 1,689 1,257 1,012 815 761 641 1,196
1998 403 440 677 2,780 2,123 1,586 1,158 1,029 873 696 587 1,133
1999 383 477 662 2,828 2,169 1,596 1,135 1,028 801 759 610 1,136
2000 350 405 547 2,690 2,096 1,450 1,159 948 830 723 665 1,083
2001 311 372 510 2,451 2,032 1,392 1,094 931 754 666 578 1,018
2002 304 380 513 2,371 1,905 1,318 1,033 873 761 614 549 974
2003 302 375 468 2,255 1,853 1,336 1,022 873 728 604 523 953
2004 286 352 476 2,115 1,710 1,214 1,009 876 724 598 494 912
2005 265 322 472 1,962 1,720 1,225 951 830 680 538 467 873
2006 270 286 403 1,828 1,583 1,155 922 762 662 553 490 825
2007 266 288 354 1,713 1,523 1,135 841 751 625 550 433 786
2008 242 265 353 1,533 1,389 1,039 798 717 598 489 402 729
2009 220 260 322 1,342 1,378 965 735 695 566 503 397 685
2010 191 251 314 1,313 1,332 935 804 706 569 461 416 682
2011 229 242 299 1,252 1,256 957 785 689 583 456 384 671
Note: Population estimates for historical years are periodically revised by the U.S. Census Bureau.

23
Table 7
Passenger Car Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates
per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011
Fatality Rate Fatality Rate Injury Rate Injury Rate
Vehicle Miles Passenger Car per 100,000 per 100 Million Passenger Car per 100,000 per 100 Million
Registered Traveled Occupants Registered Vehicle Miles Occupants Registered Vehicle Miles
Year Passenger Cars (Millions) Killed Passenger Cars Traveled Injured Passenger Cars Traveled
1975 94,478,029 1,030,376 25,929 27.44 2.52 * * *

1976 97,011,684 1,070,667 26,166 26.97 2.44 * * *
1977 98,967,665 1,102,726 26,782 27.06 2.43 * * *
1978 101,855,551 1,136,459 28,153 27.64 2.48 * * *
1979 103,543,788 1,111,705 27,808 26.86 2.50 * * *
1980 104,770,998 1,107,056 27,449 26.20 2.48 * * *
1981 106,002,720 1,122,092 26,645 25.14 2.37 * * *
1982 106,936,590 1,145,828 23,330 21.82 2.04 * * *
1983 109,085,444 1,187,760 22,979 21.07 1.93 * * *
1984 112,177,361 1,226,461 23,620 21.06 1.93 * * *
1985 116,348,085 1,248,980 23,212 19.95 1.86 * * *
1986 117,268,114 1,277,550 24,944 21.27 1.95 * * *
1987 119,848,784 1,328,460 25,132 20.97 1.89 * * *
1988 121,519,139 1,384,047 25,808 21.24 1.86 2,585,000 2,127 187
1989 122,758,478 1,415,213 25,063 20.42 1.77 2,431,000 1,980 172
1990 123,276,600 1,427,178 24,092 19.54 1.69 2,376,000 1,928 167
1991 123,327,336 1,411,655 22,385 18.15 1.59 2,235,000 1,812 158
1992 120,346,747 1,436,035 21,387 17.77 1.49 2,232,000 1,854 155
1993 121,055,398 1,445,106 21,566 17.81 1.49 2,265,000 1,871 157
1994 121,996,580 1,459,208 21,997 18.03 1.51 2,364,000 1,937 162
1995 123,241,881 1,478,352 22,423 18.19 1.52 2,469,000 2,004 167
1996 124,612,787 1,499,139 22,505 18.06 1.50 2,458,000 1,973 164
1997 124,672,920 1,528,399 22,199 17.81 1.45 2,341,000 1,877 153
1998 125,965,709 1,555,901 21,194 16.83 1.36 2,201,000 1,748 141
1999 127,083,019 1,569,455 20,862 16.42 1.33 2,138,000 1,682 136
2000 127,933,707 1,583,127 20,699 16.18 1.31 2,052,000 1,604 130
2001 129,044,240 1,596,579 20,320 15.75 1.27 1,927,000 1,493 121
2002 130,349,393 1,613,749 20,569 15.78 1.27 1,805,000 1,385 112

2003 131,665,783 1,613,543 19,725 14.98 1.22 1,756,000 1,334 109
2004 133,414,552 1,629,955 19,192 14.39 1.18 1,643,000 1,231 101
2005 135,324,121 1,616,908 18,512 13.68 1.14 1,573,000 1,163 97

2006 137,031,279 1,616,328 17,925 13.08 1.11 1,475,000 1,076 91
2007 137,929,951 1,554,673 16,614 12.05 1.07 1,379,000 1,000 89
2008 139,028,041 1,524,331 14,646 10.53 0.96 1,304,000 938 86
2009 137,203,972 1,510,339 13,135 9.57 0.87 1,216,000 887 81
2010 135,310,480 1,507,716 12,491 9.23 0.83 1,253,000 926 83
2011 134,543,655 1,495,303 11,981 8.90 0.80 1,240,000 921 83
*Injury data not available before 1988.
Note: In 2011, the Federal Highway Administration implemented an enhanced methodology for estimating registered vehicles and vehicle miles traveled
by vehicle type. These revisions were applied to data from 2007 through 2011. In some cases the changes were significant and should be taken into account
when comparing registered vehicle counts and/or vehicle miles traveled for 2006 and earlier years with the numbers for 2007 and later years.
Sources: Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA; Registered Vehicles—R.L. Polk & Co.
Figure 4
Passenger Car Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles
Traveled, 1975-2011

4.00

200
150
3.00 100
50
0
1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
2.00
1.00
0.00
1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011

25
Table 8
Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates
Vehicle Miles Light Truck per 100,000 per 100 Million Light Truck per 100,000 per 100 Million
Year Light Trucks (Millions) Killed Light Trucks Traveled Injured Light Trucks Traveled
1975 20,886,680 204,274 4,856 23.25 2.38 * * *

1976 22,794,702 233,382 5,438 23.86 2.33 * * *
1977 24,432,701 257,108 5,976 24.46 2.32 * * *
1978 27,285,497 289,463 6,745 24.72 2.33 * * *
1979 28,932,820 293,840 7,178 24.81 2.44 * * *
1980 30,060,754 295,475 7,486 24.90 2.53 * * *
1981 31,236,287 307,583 7,081 22.67 2.30 * * *
1982 32,307,692 322,026 6,359 19.68 1.97 * * *
1983 33,068,138 334,937 6,202 18.76 1.85 * * *
1984 35,257,788 358,588 6,496 18.42 1.81 * * *
1985 37,665,180 388,779 6,689 17.76 1.72 * * *
1986 39,763,446 416,532 7,317 18.40 1.76 * * *
1987 41,695,017 444,392 8,058 19.33 1.81 * * *
1988 44,599,500 488,431 8,306 18.62 1.70 478,000 1,071 98
1989 47,134,148 522,483 8,551 18.14 1.64 511,000 1,084 98
1990 49,916,497 555,659 8,601 17.23 1.55 505,000 1,012 91
1991 52,062,064 595,924 8,391 16.12 1.41 563,000 1,081 94
1992 53,836,046 642,397 8,098 15.04 1.26 545,000 1,012 85
1993 56,573,835 675,353 8,511 15.04 1.26 601,000 1,062 89
1994 59,485,995 711,515 8,904 14.97 1.25 631,000 1,061 89
1995 62,520,872 749,971 9,568 15.30 1.28 722,000 1,156 96
1996 65,438,877 787,255 9,932 15.18 1.26 761,000 1,164 97
1997 67,287,470 824,896 10,249 15.23 1.24 755,000 1,122 92
1998 69,783,500 861,951 10,705 15.34 1.24 763,000 1,093 88
1999 72,929,502 900,667 11,265 15.45 1.25 847,000 1,161 94
2000 75,979,775 940,219 11,526 15.17 1.23 887,000 1,167 94
2001 78,675,630 973,401 11,723 14.90 1.20 861,000 1,094 88
2002 81,643,269 1,010,759 12,274 15.03 1.21 879,000 1,077 87
2003 85,063,823 1,042,444 12,546 14.75 1.20 889,000 1,045 85
2004 89,799,406 1,097,099 12,674 14.11 1.16 900,000 1,002 82
2005 94,787,880 1,132,564 13,037 13.75 1.15 872,000 920 77
2006 98,064,117 1,156,697 12,761 13.01 1.10 857,000 874 74
2007 100,817,496 1,136,361 12,458 12.36 1.10 841,000 835 74
2008 100,862,944 1,105,882 10,816 10.72 0.98 768,000 762 69

2009 102,008,600 1,122,909 10,312 10.11 0.92 759,000 744 68
2010 102,376,147 1,140,740 9,782 9.55 0.86 733,000 716 64
2011 103,594,529 1,151,338 9,272 8.95 0.81 728,000 703 63
Sources: Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA; Registered Vehicles—R.L. Polk & Co.
Figure 5
Light Truck Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,
1975-2011

4.00
120
100
80
3.00
60
40
20
1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
2.00
1.00
0.00
1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011

27
Table 9
Large Truck Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates
Vehicle Miles Large Truck per 100,000 per 100 Million Large Truck per 100,000 per 100 Million
Year Large Trucks (Millions) Killed Large Trucks Traveled Injured Large Trucks Traveled
1975 5,362,369 81,330 961 17.92 1.18 * * *

1976 5,575,185 86,070 1,132 20.30 1.32 * * *
1977 5,689,903 95,021 1,287 22.62 1.35 * * *
1978 5,859,807 105,739 1,395 23.81 1.32 * * *
1979 5,891,571 109,004 1,432 24.31 1.31 * * *
1980 5,790,653 108,491 1,262 21.79 1.16 * * *
1981 5,716,278 108,702 1,133 19.82 1.04 * * *
1982 5,590,415 111,423 944 16.89 0.85 * * *
1983 5,508,392 116,132 982 17.83 0.85 * * *
1984 5,401,075 121,796 1,074 19.88 0.88 * * *
1985 5,996,337 123,504 977 16.29 0.79 * * *
1986 5,720,880 126,675 926 16.19 0.73 * * *
1987 5,718,266 133,517 852 14.90 0.64 * * *
1988 6,136,884 137,985 911 14.84 0.66 37,000 611 27
1989 6,226,482 142,749 858 13.78 0.60 43,000 687 30
1990 6,195,876 146,242 705 11.38 0.48 42,000 675 29
1991 6,172,146 149,543 661 10.71 0.44 28,000 454 19
1992 6,045,205 153,384 585 9.68 0.38 34,000 559 22
1993 6,088,155 159,888 605 9.94 0.38 32,000 527 20
1994 6,587,885 170,216 670 10.17 0.39 30,000 459 18
1995 6,719,421 178,156 648 9.64 0.36 30,000 452 17
1996 7,012,615 182,971 621 8.86 0.34 33,000 467 18
1997 7,083,326 191,477 723 10.21 0.38 31,000 436 16
1998 7,732,270 196,380 742 9.60 0.38 29,000 372 15
1999 7,791,426 202,688 759 9.74 0.37 33,000 422 16
2000 8,022,649 205,520 754 9.40 0.37 31,000 384 15
2001 7,857,675 208,928 708 9.01 0.34 29,000 374 14
2002 7,927,280 214,603 689 8.69 0.32 26,000 331 12
2003 7,756,888 217,876 726 9.36 0.33 27,000 347 12
2004 8,171,364 220,811 766 9.37 0.35 27,000 334 12
2005 8,481,999 222,523 804 9.48 0.36 27,000 322 12
2006 8,819,007 222,513 805 9.13 0.36 23,000 259 10
2007 10,752,019 304,178 805 7.49 0.26 23,000 217 8
2008 10,873,275 310,680 682 6.27 0.22 23,000 211 7

2009 10,973,214 288,306 499 4.55 0.17 17,000 151 6
2010 10,770,054 286,527 530 4.92 0.18 20,000 183 7
2011 10,270,693 267,207 635 6.18 0.24 23,000 221 8
Source: Registered Vehicles and Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration.
Figure 6
Large Truck Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,
1975-2011

2.00
30
25
20
1.50
15
10
1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
1.00
0.50
0.00
1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011

29
Table 10
Motorcyclists Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Registered Vehicle
and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011
Vehicle Miles per 100,000 per 100 Million per 100,000 per 100 Million
Registered Traveled Motorcyclists Registered Vehicle Miles Motorcyclists Registered Vehicle Miles
Year Motorcycles (Millions) Killed Motorcycles Traveled Injured Motorcycles Traveled
1975 4,964,070 5,629 3,189 64.24 56.65 * * *

1976 4,933,332 6,003 3,312 67.14 55.17 * * *
1977 4,933,256 6,349 4,104 83.19 64.64 * * *
1978 4,867,855 7,158 4,577 94.02 63.94 * * *
1979 5,422,132 8,637 4,894 90.26 56.66 * * *
1980 5,693,940 10,214 5,144 90.34 50.36 * * *
1981 5,831,132 10,690 4,906 84.13 45.89 * * *
1982 5,753,858 9,910 4,453 77.39 44.93 * * *
1983 5,585,112 8,760 4,265 76.36 48.69 * * *
1984 5,479,822 8,784 4,608 84.09 52.46 * * *
1985 5,444,404 9,086 4,564 83.83 50.23 * * *
1986 5,198,993 9,397 4,566 87.82 48.59 * * *
1987 4,885,772 9,506 4,036 82.61 42.46 * * *
1988 4,584,284 10,024 3,662 79.88 36.53 105,000 2,294 1,049
1989 4,420,420 10,371 3,141 71.06 30.29 83,000 1,888 805
1990 4,259,462 9,557 3,244 76.16 33.94 84,000 1,979 882
1991 4,177,365 9,178 2,806 67.17 30.57 80,000 1,925 876
1992 4,065,118 9,557 2,395 58.92 25.06 65,000 1,601 681
1993 3,977,856 9,906 2,449 61.57 24.72 59,000 1,494 600
1994 3,756,555 10,240 2,320 61.76 22.66 57,000 1,528 561
1995 3,897,191 9,797 2,227 57.14 22.73 57,000 1,475 587
1996 3,871,599 9,920 2,161 55.82 21.78 55,000 1,428 557
1997 3,826,373 10,081 2,116 55.30 20.99 53,000 1,374 522
1998 3,879,450 10,283 2,294 59.13 22.31 49,000 1,262 476
1999 4,152,433 10,584 2,483 59.80 23.46 50,000 1,204 472
2000 4,346,068 10,469 2,897 66.66 27.67 58,000 1,328 551
2001 4,903,056 9,633 3,197 65.20 33.19 60,000 1,229 625
2002 5,004,156 9,552 3,270 65.35 34.23 65,000 1,293 677
2003 5,370,035 9,576 3,714 69.16 38.78 67,000 1,250 701
2004 5,767,934 10,122 4,028 69.83 39.79 76,000 1,324 755
2005 6,227,146 10,454 4,576 73.48 43.77 87,000 1,402 835
2006 6,678,958 12,049 4,837 72.42 40.14 88,000 1,312 727
2007 7,138,476 21,396 5,174 72.48 24.18 103,000 1,443 481
2008 7,752,926 20,811 5,312 68.52 25.52 96,000 1,238 461
2009 7,929,724 20,822 4,469 56.36 21.46 90,000 1,130 430
2010 8,009,503 18,513 4,518 56.41 24.40 82,000 1,024 443
2011 8,437,502 18,500 4,612 54.66 24.93 81,000 965 440
Source: Registered Vehicles and Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration.
Figure 7
Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1975-2011

100
1,200
1,000
800
80
600
400
200
60
0
1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
40
20
0
1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011

31
Table 11
Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes Involving a Large Truck
by Person Type and Crash Type, 1975-2011
Person Type
Truck Occupants by Crash Type
Other Vehicle
Year Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total Occupants Nonoccupants Total
Killed
1975 643 318 961 3,106 416 4,483
1980 861 401 1,262 4,084 625 5,971
1985 634 343 977 4,227 530 5,734
1988 585 326 911 4,250 518 5,679
1990 485 220 705 4,071 496 5,272
1991 448 213 661 3,705 455 4,821
1992 396 189 585 3,460 417 4,462
1993 389 216 605 3,855 396 4,856
1994 451 219 670 4,013 461 5,144
1995 425 223 648 3,846 424 4,918
1996 412 209 621 4,087 434 5,142
1997 499 224 723 4,223 452 5,398
1998 486 256 742 4,215 438 5,395
1999 480 279 759 4,180 441 5,380
2000 484 270 754 4,114 414 5,282
2001 474 234 708 3,962 441 5,111
2002 449 240 689 3,886 364 4,939
2003 457 269 726 3,919 391 5,036
2004 469 297 766 4,042 427 5,235
2005 478 326 804 3,971 465 5,240
2006 500 305 805 3,797 425 5,027
2007 502 303 805 3,608 409 4,822
2008 430 252 682 3,151 412 4,245
2009 333 166 499 2,558 323 3,380
2010 339 191 530 2,797 359 3,686
2011 403 232 635 2,695 427 3,757
Injured
1988 17,000 20,000 37,000 89,000 4,000 130,000
1990 16,000 26,000 42,000 106,000 2,000 150,000
1991 13,000 15,000 28,000 80,000 2,000 110,000
1992 13,000 20,000 34,000 102,000 3,000 139,000
1993 13,000 19,000 32,000 95,000 6,000 133,000
1994 11,000 19,000 30,000 99,000 3,000 133,000
1995 15,000 15,000 30,000 84,000 2,000 117,000
1996 15,000 18,000 33,000 95,000 3,000 130,000
1997 14,000 17,000 31,000 98,000 2,000 131,000
1998 14,000 14,000 29,000 97,000 2,000 127,000
1999 15,000 18,000 33,000 105,000 4,000 142,000
2000 16,000 14,000 31,000 106,000 3,000 140,000
2001 13,000 16,000 29,000 99,000 3,000 131,000
2002 12,000 14,000 26,000 100,000 4,000 130,000
2003 11,000 16,000 27,000 92,000 3,000 122,000
2004 13,000 14,000 27,000 85,000 4,000 116,000
2005 10,000 17,000 27,000 84,000 2,000 114,000
2006 11,000 12,000 23,000 81,000 2,000 106,000
2007 10,000 13,000 23,000 75,000 2,000 101,000
2008 10,000 13,000 23,000 64,000 3,000 90,000
2009 7,000 9,000 17,000 56,000 1,000 74,000
2010 9,000 11,000 20,000 58,000 2,000 80,000
2011 7,000 15,000 23,000 64,000 2,000 88,000
Table 12
Nonoccupant Fatality and Injury Rates per Population by Age Group, 1975-2011
Age Group (Years)
Year <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Total

1975 3.64 5.99 3.89 3.79 2.98 2.39 2.75 3.17 3.66 6.05 10.76 3.99
1980 2.67 4.68 3.64 4.45 4.34 3.17 2.80 3.39 3.69 5.00 9.89 4.03
1985 2.05 3.67 3.01 3.31 3.38 2.71 2.65 2.69 3.36 3.90 7.35 3.27
1988 1.69 3.65 2.88 2.92 3.37 2.94 2.70 2.77 3.04 3.94 7.70 3.24
1990 1.60 2.65 2.34 2.53 2.84 2.97 2.77 2.63 3.09 3.67 6.97 2.99
1991 1.43 2.40 2.39 2.45 2.86 2.65 2.36 2.44 2.67 3.08 5.93 2.68
1992 1.29 2.25 2.06 2.20 2.21 2.38 2.39 2.41 2.56 3.10 5.42 2.50
1993 1.35 2.19 2.23 2.06 2.25 2.63 2.51 2.25 2.52 2.95 5.47 2.55
1994 1.31 2.20 2.10 2.01 2.22 2.34 2.46 2.35 2.41 2.82 5.50 2.46
1995 1.12 2.02 2.08 2.02 2.38 2.41 2.60 2.38 2.50 2.97 5.21 2.48
1996 1.22 1.87 1.93 1.98 2.38 2.17 2.49 2.40 2.63 2.94 4.76 2.40
1997 0.97 1.73 1.83 2.11 2.15 2.22 2.47 2.39 2.53 2.99 4.57 2.35
1998 0.96 1.42 1.62 1.88 2.12 2.06 2.46 2.41 2.61 2.74 4.68 2.26
1999 0.94 1.45 1.54 1.76 2.01 1.88 2.41 2.26 2.35 2.78 4.14 2.14
2000 0.88 1.17 1.38 1.58 1.75 1.75 2.28 2.28 2.22 2.40 3.82 1.98
2001 0.70 1.06 1.33 1.78 2.01 1.68 2.36 2.38 2.13 2.44 4.11 2.02
2002 0.71 0.94 1.18 1.64 1.71 1.77 2.24 2.37 2.10 2.76 3.68 1.96
2003 0.62 0.89 1.26 1.76 1.78 1.63 2.25 2.23 2.26 2.34 3.55 1.91
2004 0.63 0.87 1.10 1.56 1.84 1.72 2.15 2.39 2.03 2.41 3.55 1.89
2005 0.64 0.78 1.10 1.63 2.11 1.81 2.25 2.58 2.14 2.50 3.57 1.98
2006 0.59 0.81 0.93 1.56 1.97 1.87 2.11 2.61 2.19 2.32 3.35 1.93
2007 0.56 0.63 0.99 1.60 2.00 1.80 2.09 2.48 1.86 2.32 3.11 1.85
2008 0.53 0.55 0.89 1.59 1.94 1.67 1.86 2.47 2.02 2.03 2.76 1.75
2009 0.51 0.49 0.77 1.26 1.80 1.53 1.76 2.17 1.89 2.02 2.50 1.59
2010 0.52 0.47 0.75 1.51 1.89 1.63 1.64 2.17 2.06 2.01 2.79 1.65
2011 0.41 0.47 0.75 1.46 2.08 1.69 1.61 2.41 2.10 2.17 2.62 1.70

1988 35 178 195 116 117 74 45 38 35 25 45 79
1990 34 139 181 128 109 76 52 37 26 29 38 75
1991 26 138 157 96 91 70 41 37 31 31 29 66
1992 33 120 165 93 98 57 45 35 29 30 27 63
1993 27 116 170 93 95 66 49 45 26 27 38 66
1994 24 112 151 119 88 60 47 36 33 24 29 63
1995 33 104 160 93 87 62 52 27 22 30 26 62
1996 31 91 156 87 80 57 38 36 26 26 22 57
1997 27 93 132 75 67 51 50 34 29 29 22 55
1998 19 77 121 70 68 49 40 33 25 21 17 48
1999 20 85 129 70 58 56 38 38 26 27 22 51
2000 18 99 91 64 71 50 41 30 29 21 20 48
2001 17 64 106 75 52 46 38 35 30 29 19 46
2002 16 60 92 61 37 55 40 29 35 26 21 44
2003 15 59 92 62 50 46 42 32 26 23 21 43
2004 19 55 81 59 53 42 39 35 21 22 19 40
2005 17 61 78 67 59 34 28 35 37 22 16 40
2006 11 37 72 66 42 37 35 33 34 23 20 38
2007 11 44 76 66 63 48 37 38 24 23 23 41
2008 12 36 82 82 65 40 38 40 34 25 24 43
2009 14 39 65 61 72 47 23 38 29 20 18 38
2010 12 35 70 72 66 49 38 40 30 29 22 42
2011 11 31 58 87 63 43 32 39 37 27 21 40
Note: Population estimates for historical years are periodically revised by the U.S. Census Bureau.

33
Table 13
Persons Killed, by Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the Crash,
1982-2011
Alcohol-Impaired Driving
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 Fatalities (BAC = .08+) BAC = .01+ Total Fatalities*
Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
1982 19,771 45 2,912 7 21,113 48 24,025 55 43,945 100
1985 22,589 52 2,974 7 18,125 41 21,098 48 43,825 100
1990 23,823 53 2,901 7 17,705 40 20,607 46 44,599 100
1991 23,025 55 2,480 6 15,827 38 18,307 44 41,508 100
1992 22,726 58 2,352 6 14,049 36 16,401 42 39,250 100
1993 23,979 60 2,300 6 13,739 34 16,039 40 40,150 100
1994 24,948 61 2,236 5 13,390 33 15,626 38 40,716 100
1995 25,768 62 2,416 6 13,478 32 15,893 38 41,817 100
1996 26,052 62 2,415 6 13,451 32 15,866 38 42,065 100
1997 26,902 64 2,216 5 12,757 30 14,973 36 42,013 100
1998 26,477 64 2,353 6 12,546 30 14,899 36 41,501 100
1999 26,798 64 2,235 5 12,555 30 14,790 35 41,717 100
2000 26,082 62 2,422 6 13,324 32 15,746 38 41,945 100
2001 26,334 62 2,441 6 13,290 31 15,731 37 42,196 100
2002 27,080 63 2,321 5 13,472 31 15,793 37 43,005 100
2003 27,328 64 2,327 5 13,096 31 15,423 36 42,884 100
2004 27,413 64 2,212 5 13,099 31 15,311 36 42,836 100
2005 27,423 63 2,404 6 13,582 31 15,985 37 43,510 100
2006 26,633 62 2,479 6 13,491 32 15,970 37 42,708 100
2007 25,611 62 2,494 6 13,041 32 15,534 38 41,259 100
2008 23,499 63 2,115 6 11,711 31 13,826 37 37,423 100
2009 21,051 62 1,972 6 10,759 32 12,731 38 33,883 100
2010 21,005 64 1,771 5 10,136 31 11,906 36 32,999 100
2011 20,752 64 1,633 5 9,878 31 11,510 36 32,367 100
*Totals include fatalities in crashes in which there was no driver present.
Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.
Figure 8
Proportion of Persons Killed, by Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
in the Crash, 1982-2011
Percent of Total Fatalities
70
60
50
40
30
Highest BAC
20
in the Crash
.00
.01+
10
.08+
1982 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

2011
Table 14
Persons Killed and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving During Holiday Periods, 1982-2011
Percent Alcohol- Percent Alcohol- Percent Alcohol-
Killed Impaired Driving* Killed Impaired Driving* Killed Impaired Driving*
Holiday Period**
Year New Year’s Day Memorial Day Fourth of July
1982 *** *** 498 (3) 58 600 (3) 59
1985 496 (4) 50 557 (3) 51 689 (4) 49
1989 443 (3) 41 594 (3) 47 748 (4) 47
1990 421 (3) 44 589 (3) 50 268 (1) 55
1991 441 (4) 47 533 (3) 50 718 (4) 45
1992 164 (1) 55 438 (3) 46 535 (3) 45
1993 370 (3) 46 454 (3) 40 525 (3) 42
1994 372 (3) 47 482 (3) 41 519 (3) 44
1995 392 (3) 38 483 (3) 40 661 (4) 37
1996 420 (3) 40 514 (3) 43 629 (4) 36
1997 192 (1) 53 511 (3) 40 508 (3) 40
1998 545 (4) 39 393 (3) 40 479 (3) 43
1999 354 (3) 43 500 (3) 42 509 (3) 35
2000 469 (3) 47 466 (3) 46 717 (4) 39
2001 357 (3) 40 515 (3) 44 207 (1) 44
2002 575 (4) 41 494 (3) 37 685 (4) 36
2003 220 (1) 49 481 (3) 37 519 (3) 43
2004 563 (4) 40 514 (3) 38 524 (3) 40
2005 472 (3) 38 532 (3) 39 591 (3) 44
2006 456 (3) 42 511 (3) 40 659 (4) 37
2007 391 (3) 40 492 (3) 37 202 (1) 45
2008 424 (4) 41 425 (3) 41 494 (3) 44
2009 467 (4) 40 473 (3) 42 412 (3) 39
2010 297 (3) 48 399 (3) 40 393 (3) 38
2011 315 (3) 43 406 (3) 40 428 (3) 38
Labor Day Thanksgiving Christmas
1982 628 (3) 55 601 (4) 51 458 (3) 50
1985 605 (3) 51 566 (4) 47 152 (1) 47
1989 588 (3) 48 561 (4) 47 553 (3) 49
1990 599 (3) 52 563 (4) 44 567 (4) 42
1991 577 (3) 46 546 (4) 42 135 (1) 36
1992 460 (3) 42 403 (4) 47 410 (3) 39
1993 522 (3) 47 569 (4) 38 402 (3) 43
1994 494 (3) 46 575 (4) 40 455 (3) 40
1995 511 (3) 40 527 (4) 41 358 (3) 40
1996 525 (3) 43 588 (4) 38 167 (1) 37
1997 507 (3) 42 571 (4) 31 480 (4) 33
1998 464 (3) 40 602 (4) 38 364 (3) 41
1999 485 (3) 38 581 (4) 36 485 (3) 41
2000 529 (3) 43 509 (4) 41 442 (3) 40
2001 481 (3) 40 590 (4) 39 604 (4) 39
2002 543 (3) 45 551 (4) 36 131 (1) 40
2003 507 (3) 38 562 (4) 36 520 (4) 37
2004 502 (3) 38 574 (4) 30 389 (3) 38
2005 507 (3) 40 629 (4) 37 402 (3) 40
2006 508 (3) 37 635 (4) 34 395 (3) 42
2007 520 (3) 42 553 (4) 35 478 (4) 38
2008 493 (3) 40 507 (4) 35 426 (4) 32
2009 362 (3) 38 413 (4) 34 262 (3) 36
2010 406 (3) 35 431 (4) 40 264 (3) 35
2011 381 (3) 36 383 (4) 33 265 (3) 35
*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or greater. NHTSA
estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.
**The number of whole days in the holiday period is shown in parentheses. The length of the holiday period depends on the day on which the legal holiday falls,
as follows:
• If the holiday falls on Monday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Friday to 5:59 am Tuesday.
• If the holiday falls on Tuesday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Friday to 5:59 am Wednesday.
• If the holiday falls on Wednesday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Tuesday to 5:59 am Thursday.
• If the holiday falls on Thursday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Wednesday to 5:59 am Monday.
• If the holiday falls on Friday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Thursday to 5:59 am Monday.
• Number of days and number of hours incorporated: 1 day (36 hours), 2 days (60 hours), 3 days (84 hours), 4 days (108 hours).
***No data available.

35
Table 15
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Time of Day,
1982-2011
Day* Night* Total Drivers
Percent Percent Percent
Year Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+
1982 23,725 19 15 32,085 57 49 56,029 41 35
1985 27,578 16 12 30,008 52 44 57,883 35 29
1988 30,196 14 11 31,715 50 43 62,253 33 28
1991 26,829 13 10 27,249 49 43 54,391 31 27
1992 26,236 12 10 25,380 47 40 51,901 30 25
1993 27,770 11 9 25,355 46 39 53,401 28 24
1994 29,134 11 9 25,112 44 38 54,549 27 23
1995 30,066 11 9 25,755 43 37 56,164 26 22
1996 30,802 11 8 25,864 43 37 57,001 26 22
1997 30,979 10 8 25,368 41 35 56,688 24 20
1998 31,389 10 8 24,879 42 36 56,604 24 20
1999 31,212 10 8 24,968 41 35 56,502 24 20
2000 31,236 11 8 25,710 43 37 57,280 26 21
2001 31,620 11 8 25,661 43 37 57,586 25 21
2002 31,135 11 8 26,653 42 36 58,113 25 21
2003 31,863 10 8 26,258 41 36 58,517 24 21
2004 31,686 11 8 26,360 41 35 58,395 24 21
2005 31,820 11 9 27,085 41 36 59,220 25 21
2006 30,566 12 9 26,949 42 36 57,846 26 22
2007 29,307 11 9 26,367 42 36 56,019 26 22
2008 26,377 11 9 23,760 42 36 50,416 26 22
2009 23,673 11 9 21,379 43 37 45,337 26 22
2010 23,840 11 9 20,541 42 36 44,599 26 22
2011 23,377 11 8 20,083 41 36 43,668 25 21
*Day = 6:00 AM - 5:59 PM. Night = 6:00 PM - 5:59 AM. Total includes drivers with time of day unknown.
Table 16
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Sex, 1982-2011
Male Female
Percent Percent
Year Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+
1982 44,370 44 38 10,675 27 22
1985 44,846 38 32 12,142 22 18
1988 47,402 37 31 13,951 20 16
1991 40,731 35 30 12,825 19 16
1992 38,598 33 28 12,596 18 15
1993 39,556 32 27 13,082 17 14
1994 40,233 30 26 13,567 17 14
1995 41,235 30 25 14,184 16 13
1996 41,376 29 25 14,850 16 13
1997 40,954 28 24 14,954 15 12
1998 40,816 28 23 15,089 15 12
1999 41,012 28 23 14,835 14 12
2000 41,795 29 24 14,790 16 13
2001 41,901 29 24 14,919 15 13
2002 42,377 29 25 14,999 15 12
2003 42,586 28 24 15,211 14 12
2004 42,250 28 24 15,384 15 12
2005 43,282 28 24 15,059 16 13
2006 42,223 29 24 14,753 18 15
2007 41,053 29 24 14,184 16 13
2008 37,061 29 25 12,627 16 13
2009 32,882 30 25 11,864 16 13
2010 32,079 28 24 11,859 17 15
2011 31,809 28 24 11,209 16 14
Table 17
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Vehicle Type,
1982-2011
Passenger Car Light Truck Large Truck Motorcycle
Percent Percent Percent Percent
BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC =
Year Total .01+ .08+ Total .01+ .08+ Total .01+ .08+ Total .01+ .08+
1982 34,121 42 36 11,199 44 39 4,582 10 6 4,490 55 47
1985 34,071 36 30 12,372 37 32 5,091 7 5 4,598 53 43
1988 36,769 34 28 15,167 37 31 5,141 6 4 3,704 51 42
1991 31,102 31 27 14,702 35 30 4,291 4 3 2,816 52 44
1992 29,670 30 25 14,540 33 28 3,980 3 2 2,435 49 40
1993 30,060 28 24 15,207 31 27 4,271 4 2 2,471 45 38
1994 30,103 28 24 16,235 29 25 4,592 3 2 2,330 41 33
1995 30,773 27 23 17,483 29 25 4,410 4 2 2,262 42 33
1996 30,595 27 23 18,118 28 24 4,703 3 2 2,175 43 35
1997 29,896 26 22 18,502 26 23 4,859 3 2 2,159 41 32
1998 28,907 26 21 19,247 26 22 4,905 2 1 2,333 41 34
1999 27,878 25 21 19,865 26 22 4,868 3 1 2,528 40 33
2000 27,661 28 24 20,393 26 22 4,948 3 1 2,971 40 32
2001 27,444 27 23 20,704 27 23 4,779 2 1 3,261 37 29
2002 27,236 27 22 21,562 27 23 4,550 3 2 3,363 39 31
2003 26,422 26 22 22,172 25 22 4,658 2 1 3,800 36 29
2004 25,568 27 23 22,367 25 21 4,837 2 1 4,116 34 27
2005 25,046 28 24 22,879 25 22 4,900 3 1 4,679 34 27
2006 24,162 27 23 22,307 28 24 4,729 2 1 4,961 34 26
2007 22,765 27 23 21,719 27 23 4,601 2 1 5,306 35 27
2008 20,379 27 23 19,095 26 23 4,040 3 2 5,405 36 29
2009 18,344 27 23 17,878 27 23 3,182 3 2 4,601 36 29
2010 17,710 27 24 17,385 25 22 3,456 2 1 4,647 36 28
2011 17,335 27 24 16,643 25 21 3,568 2 1 4,741 37 29
Figure 9
Proportion of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes with BAC = .08+ by Vehicle Type,
1982-2011
Percent of Drivers with BAC = .08+
50
Vehicle Type
Large Truck Passenger Car Light Truck Motorcycle
40
30
20
10
0
1982 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011

37
Table 18
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Age, 1982-2011
Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+
Age
Year <16 Years 16-20 Years 21-24 Years
1982 412 20 17 9,858 45 36 9,018 53 46
1985 479 21 15 9,386 35 26 9,046 47 40
1988 448 17 12 10,171 33 25 8,555 47 39
1991 364 18 11 8,002 30 23 6,748 45 38
1994 397 16 12 7,723 24 18 6,291 39 33
1995 410 14 9 7,725 21 16 6,263 38 32
1996 413 13 9 7,824 23 17 6,205 38 31
1997 345 11 8 7,719 22 17 5,705 36 30
1998 361 15 11 7,767 22 17 5,613 37 32
1999 333 13 10 7,985 22 17 5,639 38 31
2000 320 15 10 8,024 24 18 5,950 38 32
2001 293 16 12 7,992 23 18 6,037 39 33
2002 335 13 9 8,128 23 18 6,316 39 33
2003 345 13 9 7,744 24 19 6,276 38 32
2004 345 14 10 7,755 23 18 6,413 39 33
2005 304 16 10 7,334 22 17 6,585 39 33
2006 277 16 12 7,315 24 19 6,480 39 33
2007 239 17 12 6,894 23 18 6,287 41 34
2008 215 12 9 5,750 22 17 5,342 40 34
2009 181 11 6 5,073 24 19 4,612 41 34
2010 159 7 6 4,505 22 18 4,608 40 34
2011 115 11 8 4,292 24 20 4,465 37 32
25-34 Years 35-44 Years 45-54 Years
1982 14,787 46 41 7,984 38 33 4,980 32 28
1985 15,257 42 37 8,892 32 29 5,150 26 22
1988 16,398 42 36 10,077 32 28 5,761 23 20
1991 14,151 41 36 9,482 32 28 5,458 23 20
1994 12,891 36 31 9,951 29 26 6,493 21 18
1995 13,048 35 30 10,677 30 26 6,815 21 18
1996 12,889 34 30 10,955 29 25 7,127 21 18
1997 12,453 32 27 10,904 29 26 7,522 20 17
1998 11,925 32 28 11,241 28 24 7,690 21 18
1999 11,763 32 28 11,059 28 25 7,708 20 17
2000 11,739 33 28 11,132 30 26 8,234 22 18
2001 11,584 32 28 11,261 29 25 8,346 22 19
2002 11,483 33 29 10,973 29 26 8,558 22 19
2003 11,288 31 27 11,053 28 24 9,024 22 19
2004 11,242 32 27 10,743 27 23 9,148 22 19
2005 11,467 33 29 10,793 28 24 9,434 23 19
2006 11,279 34 29 10,379 29 25 9,234 23 19
2007 10,773 34 29 9,936 28 25 9,028 24 20
2008 9,800 36 31 8,806 29 25 8,355 24 20
2009 8,630 36 31 7,779 30 26 7,686 26 22
2010 8,567 35 30 7,333 29 25 7,517 25 21
2011 8,517 34 30 7,058 28 24 7,493 24 21
55-64 Years 65-74 Years >74 Years
1982 3,941 25 21 2,343 17 14 1,551 11 8
1985 4,112 19 16 2,650 14 11 1,829 8 5
1988 4,320 18 15 3,079 14 10 2,297 8 5
1991 3,695 16 13 3,017 12 9 2,454 7 4
1994 3,828 15 12 3,194 11 9 2,867 6 4
1995 4,079 16 14 3,251 10 8 2,989 6 4
1996 4,237 15 12 3,319 11 8 3,068 6 5
1997 4,394 14 11 3,401 10 8 3,314 6 4
1998 4,478 14 11 3,399 9 7 3,291 6 4
1999 4,608 14 11 3,251 10 7 3,346 6 4
2000 4,766 15 12 3,134 11 8 3,147 6 4
2001 4,714 14 12 3,156 9 7 3,290 6 4
2002 5,093 14 12 3,100 9 7 3,223 6 4
2003 5,455 14 11 3,116 10 8 3,329 6 5
2004 5,612 15 12 3,070 10 8 3,169 7 5
2005 6,075 16 13 3,217 10 7 3,016 6 4
2006 5,894 17 13 3,029 11 8 2,967 7 5
2007 6,037 15 12 3,038 10 7 2,879 6 4
2008 5,717 16 12 2,927 9 6 2,672 6 4
2009 5,276 15 13 2,876 9 7 2,560 5 3
2010 5,577 17 14 2,902 10 8 2,688 6 4
2011 5,542 17 14 2,947 10 8 2,522 7 5
Figure 10
Proportion of Drivers in Fatal Crashes with BAC = .08+ by Age, 1982-2011
Percent of Drivers with BAC = .08+

50
40
Driver
Age Group:
21-24 Years
30
25-34 Years
35-44 Years
45-54 Years
20
16-20 Years
55-64 Years
10 65-74 Years
<16 Years
>74 Years
0
1982 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011

39
Table 19
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Survival Status,
1982-2011
Driver Survival Status
Surviving Drivers Killed Drivers All Drivers in Fatal Crashes
BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC =
Year .00 .01-.07 .08+ Total .00 .01-.07 .08+ Total .00 .01-.07 .08+ Total
1982 22,187 1,615 7,537 31,339 11,015 1,537 12,139 24,690 33,202 3,152 19,676 56,029
1985 24,921 1,451 6,174 32,546 12,960 1,692 10,685 25,337 37,880 3,143 16,860 57,883
1991 24,157 1,245 5,059 30,461 13,138 1,307 9,485 23,930 37,295 2,552 14,544 54,391
1992 23,678 1,172 4,467 29,317 12,906 1,226 8,452 22,584 36,584 2,398 12,919 51,901
1993 24,858 1,147 4,254 30,259 13,652 1,168 8,322 23,142 38,510 2,315 12,576 53,401
1994 25,331 1,078 4,449 30,858 14,612 1,166 7,913 23,691 39,943 2,244 12,362 54,549
1995 26,633 1,082 4,059 31,774 14,841 1,242 8,307 24,390 41,474 2,324 12,366 56,164
1996 27,158 1,136 4,173 32,467 15,134 1,225 8,175 24,534 42,292 2,361 12,348 57,001
1997 27,258 1,027 3,736 32,021 15,670 1,154 7,843 24,667 42,929 2,180 11,579 56,688
1998 27,026 1,108 3,727 31,861 15,738 1,171 7,834 24,743 42,764 2,279 11,561 56,604
1999 26,733 983 3,529 31,245 16,126 1,213 7,918 25,257 42,858 2,196 11,447 56,502
2000 26,527 1,092 4,094 31,713 16,116 1,285 8,167 25,567 42,643 2,376 12,261 57,280
2001 26,601 1,135 3,981 31,717 16,332 1,285 8,253 25,869 42,932 2,420 12,233 57,586
2002 26,524 1,040 3,889 31,454 16,863 1,281 8,515 26,659 43,388 2,321 12,405 58,113
2003 27,081 976 3,681 31,738 17,107 1,319 8,354 26,779 44,187 2,295 12,035 58,517
2004 26,661 960 3,903 31,524 17,450 1,266 8,155 26,871 44,111 2,226 12,057 58,395
2005 26,650 998 4,082 31,729 17,628 1,374 8,489 27,491 44,278 2,371 12,571 59,220
2006 25,509 1,016 3,973 30,498 17,315 1,455 8,578 27,348 42,823 2,472 12,551 57,846
2007 24,831 1,136 3,483 29,449 16,591 1,361 8,617 26,570 41,422 2,497 12,100 56,019
2008 22,312 913 2,937 26,162 15,067 1,226 7,961 24,254 37,379 2,139 10,898 50,416
2009 19,803 883 2,816 23,502 13,520 1,102 7,213 21,835 33,324 1,985 10,029 45,337
2010 19,747 761 3,019 23,527 13,442 1,051 6,579 21,072 33,190 1,812 9,598 44,599
2011 19,498 628 2,789 22,915 13,260 986 6,507 20,753 32,758 1,614 9,296 43,668
Table 20
Pedestrians Killed, 14 Years and Older, by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC),
1982-2011
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ Total
1982 3,132 51 321 5 2,701 44 6,154 100
1985 3,072 54 342 6 2,288 40 5,702 100
1991 2,862 57 236 5 1,907 38 5,005 100
1992 2,712 56 231 5 1,868 39 4,812 100
1993 2,792 57 199 4 1,869 38 4,860 100
1994 2,782 59 230 5 1,725 36 4,737 100
1995 2,871 59 225 5 1,801 37 4,896 100
1996 2,749 58 212 4 1,816 38 4,777 100
1997 2,889 61 177 4 1,649 35 4,715 100
1998 2,743 59 248 5 1,689 36 4,680 100
1999 2,568 58 194 4 1,657 37 4,419 100
2000 2,535 59 213 5 1,541 36 4,288 100
2001 2,666 60 220 5 1,567 35 4,453 100
2002 2,670 60 193 4 1,589 36 4,451 100
2003 2,621 60 192 4 1,570 36 4,383 100
2004 2,563 60 208 5 1,535 36 4,306 100
2005 2,778 61 197 4 1,566 34 4,541 100
2006 2,580 58 222 5 1,661 37 4,463 100
2007 2,585 59 207 5 1,594 36 4,386 100
2008 2,409 58 183 4 1,553 37 4,145 100
2009 2,290 59 174 5 1,404 36 3,869 100
2010 2,447 60 192 5 1,416 35 4,055 100
2011 2,474 59 190 5 1,545 37 4,209 100
Table 21
Drivers of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks in Crashes by Crash Severity
and Restraint Use, 1975-2011
Restraint Used Restraint Not Used Restraint Use Unknown Total
1975 2,583 5.6 29,710 64.3 13,931 30.1 46,224 100.0
1988 16,948 32.6 28,146 54.2 6,842 13.2 51,936 100.0
1990 18,340 37.1 24,706 50.0 6,348 12.9 49,394 100.0
1992 19,106 43.2 19,836 44.9 5,268 11.9 44,210 100.0
1994 22,763 49.1 18,946 40.9 4,629 10.0 46,338 100.0
1995 24,166 50.1 19,427 40.3 4,663 9.7 48,256 100.0
1996 25,207 51.7 18,759 38.5 4,747 9.7 48,713 100.0
1997 25,313 52.3 18,286 37.8 4,799 9.9 48,398 100.0
1998 25,854 53.7 17,601 36.6 4,699 9.8 48,154 100.0
1999 25,498 53.4 17,693 37.1 4,552 9.5 47,743 100.0
2000 26,690 55.5 16,995 35.4 4,369 9.1 48,054 100.0
2001 27,222 56.5 16,528 34.3 4,398 9.1 48,148 100.0
2002 27,813 57.0 16,710 34.2 4,275 8.8 48,798 100.0
2003 28,822 59.3 15,491 31.9 4,281 8.8 48,594 100.0
2004 29,072 60.6 15,120 31.5 3,743 7.8 47,935 100.0
2005 29,264 61.1 14,984 31.3 3,677 7.7 47,925 100.0
2006 28,285 60.9 14,434 31.1 3,750 8.1 46,469 100.0
2007 27,622 62.1 13,215 29.7 3,647 8.2 44,484 100.0
2008 24,649 62.4 11,770 29.8 3,055 7.7 39,474 100.0
2009 22,963 63.4 10,486 28.9 2,773 7.7 36,222 100.0
2010 22,712 64.7 9,598 27.3 2,785 7.9 35,095 100.0
2011 22,068 64.9 9,293 27.4 2,617 7.7 33,978 100.0
1988 2,313,000 62.1 802,000 21.5 609,000 16.4 3,724,000 100.0
1990 2,290,000 64.4 703,000 19.8 563,000 15.8 3,556,000 100.0
1992 2,420,000 71.5 476,000 14.0 490,000 14.5 3,386,000 100.0
1994 2,856,000 77.4 418,000 11.3 416,000 11.3 3,690,000 100.0
1995 3,118,000 79.3 388,000 9.9 425,000 10.8 3,931,000 100.0
1996 3,136,000 79.4 366,000 9.3 445,000 11.3 3,947,000 100.0
1997 3,003,000 79.1 339,000 8.9 452,000 11.9 3,794,000 100.0
1998 2,863,000 79.5 309,000 8.6 428,000 11.9 3,600,000 100.0
1999 2,897,000 80.5 293,000 8.1 409,000 11.4 3,598,000 100.0
2000 2,959,000 82.2 252,000 7.0 390,000 10.8 3,600,000 100.0
2001 2,882,000 82.5 234,000 6.7 376,000 10.8 3,491,000 100.0
2002 2,787,000 83.5 208,000 6.2 343,000 10.3 3,338,000 100.0
2003 2,844,000 84.7 180,000 5.4 332,000 9.9 3,356,000 100.0
2004 2,785,000 86.2 138,000 4.3 307,000 9.5 3,230,000 100.0
2005 2,666,000 86.1 141,000 4.5 290,000 9.4 3,097,000 100.0
2006 2,577,000 86.2 124,000 4.1 290,000 9.7 2,990,000 100.0
2007 2,475,000 86.4 116,000 4.0 274,000 9.6 2,865,000 100.0
2008 2,369,000 87.2 105,000 3.9 241,000 8.9 2,715,000 100.0
2009 2,257,000 87.8 87,000 3.4 226,000 8.8 2,570,000 100.0
2010 2,294,000 87.3 84,000 3.2 250,000 9.5 2,629,000 100.0
2011 2,275,000 87.7 80,000 3.1 238,000 9.2 2,593,000 100.0
1988 4,517,000 60.4 1,200,000 16.0 1,763,000 23.6 7,481,000 100.0
1990 4,499,000 63.4 978,000 13.8 1,616,000 22.8 7,094,000 100.0
1992 4,671,000 71.6 508,000 7.8 1,344,000 20.6 6,523,000 100.0
1994 5,534,000 77.7 392,000 5.5 1,198,000 16.8 7,124,000 100.0
1995 5,914,000 79.3 356,000 4.8 1,184,000 15.9 7,454,000 100.0
1996 5,960,000 79.2 328,000 4.4 1,241,000 16.5 7,529,000 100.0
1997 5,841,000 78.9 311,000 4.2 1,255,000 16.9 7,406,000 100.0
1998 5,720,000 79.6 268,000 3.7 1,199,000 16.7 7,187,000 100.0
1999 5,637,000 81.3 236,000 3.4 1,058,000 15.3 6,932,000 100.0
2000 5,846,000 82.7 173,000 2.4 1,050,000 14.9 7,069,000 100.0
2001 5,897,000 83.6 161,000 2.3 1,000,000 14.2 7,058,000 100.0
2002 6,093,000 84.9 157,000 2.2 923,000 12.9 7,173,000 100.0
2003 6,042,000 84.7 135,000 1.9 960,000 13.4 7,137,000 100.0
2004 6,106,000 86.2 106,000 1.5 870,000 12.3 7,083,000 100.0
2005 6,087,000 86.1 104,000 1.5 880,000 12.4 7,071,000 100.0
2006 5,940,000 85.3 95,000 1.4 925,000 13.3 6,960,000 100.0
2007 6,011,000 85.8 91,000 1.3 900,000 12.9 7,003,000 100.0
2008 5,862,000 86.7 95,000 1.4 802,000 11.9 6,758,000 100.0
2009 5,708,000 87.4 71,000 1.1 751,000 11.5 6,531,000 100.0
2010 5,720,000 88.8 76,000 1.2 644,000 10.0 6,440,000 100.0
2011 5,599,000 88.8 55,000 0.9 652,000 10.3 6,306,000 100.0
Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

41
Table 22
Occupants of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Killed or Injured, by Restraint Use,
1975-2011
Restraint Used Restraint Not Used Restraint Use Unknown Total
Occupants Killed
1975 986 3.2 21,076 68.5 8,723 28.3 30,785 100.0
1980 671 1.9 27,483 78.7 6,781 19.4 34,935 100.0
1985 2,391 8.0 22,131 74.0 5,379 18.0 29,901 100.0
1988 6,210 18.2 24,359 71.4 3,545 10.4 34,114 100.0
1989 6,546 19.5 23,613 70.2 3,455 10.3 33,614 100.0
1990 6,775 20.7 22,547 69.0 3,371 10.3 32,693 100.0
1991 7,332 23.8 20,488 66.6 2,956 9.6 30,776 100.0
1992 7,699 26.1 19,053 64.6 2,733 9.3 29,485 100.0
1993 8,679 28.9 18,553 61.7 2,845 9.5 30,077 100.0
1994 9,642 31.2 18,636 60.3 2,623 8.5 30,901 100.0
1995 10,159 31.8 19,123 59.8 2,709 8.5 31,991 100.0
1996 10,716 33.0 18,848 58.1 2,873 8.9 32,437 100.0
1997 10,995 33.9 18,642 57.5 2,811 8.7 32,448 100.0
1998 11,213 35.2 18,022 56.5 2,664 8.4 31,899 100.0
1999 11,174 34.8 18,316 57.0 2,637 8.2 32,127 100.0
2000 11,787 36.6 17,810 55.3 2,628 8.2 32,225 100.0
2001 11,946 37.3 17,517 54.7 2,580 8.1 32,043 100.0
2002 12,533 38.2 17,797 54.2 2,513 7.7 32,843 100.0
2003 12,967 40.2 16,764 51.9 2,540 7.9 32,271 100.0
2004 13,250 41.6 16,432 51.6 2,184 6.9 31,866 100.0
2005 13,064 41.4 16,247 51.5 2,238 7.1 31,549 100.0
2006 12,710 41.4 15,635 51.0 2,341 7.6 30,686 100.0
2007 12,322 42.4 14,446 49.7 2,304 7.9 29,072 100.0
2008 10,691 42.0 12,925 50.8 1,846 7.3 25,462 100.0
2009 10,190 43.5 11,545 49.2 1,712 7.3 23,447 100.0
2010 9,969 44.8 10,590 47.5 1,714 7.7 22,273 100.0
2011 9,439 44.4 10,180 47.9 1,634 7.7 21,253 100.0
Occupants Injured
1988 1,752,000 57.2 912,000 29.8 399,000 13.0 3,063,000 100.0
1989 1,720,000 58.5 863,000 29.4 359,000 12.2 2,942,000 100.0
1990 1,737,000 60.3 820,000 28.4 325,000 11.3 2,882,000 100.0
1991 1,785,000 63.8 725,000 25.9 287,000 10.3 2,797,000 100.0
1992 1,854,000 66.8 622,000 22.4 300,000 10.8 2,776,000 100.0
1993 1,983,000 69.2 589,000 20.6 294,000 10.2 2,866,000 100.0
1994 2,208,000 73.7 564,000 18.8 223,000 7.4 2,995,000 100.0
1995 2,415,000 75.7 549,000 17.2 227,000 7.1 3,192,000 100.0
1996 2,468,000 76.7 520,000 16.1 231,000 7.2 3,220,000 100.0
1997 2,369,000 76.5 475,000 15.3 251,000 8.1 3,095,000 100.0
1998 2,297,000 77.5 437,000 14.7 230,000 7.8 2,964,000 100.0
1999 2,328,000 78.0 420,000 14.1 237,000 7.9 2,984,000 100.0
2000 2,369,000 80.6 369,000 12.6 200,000 6.8 2,938,000 100.0
2001 2,249,000 80.7 324,000 11.6 214,000 7.7 2,787,000 100.0
2002 2,195,000 81.8 284,000 10.6 205,000 7.7 2,684,000 100.0
2003 2,204,000 83.3 248,000 9.4 193,000 7.3 2,646,000 100.0
2004 2,156,000 84.8 206,000 8.1 181,000 7.1 2,543,000 100.0
2005 2,077,000 84.9 207,000 8.5 161,000 6.6 2,446,000 100.0
2006 1,992,000 85.5 183,000 7.8 156,000 6.7 2,331,000 100.0
2007 1,894,000 85.3 170,000 7.6 157,000 7.1 2,221,000 100.0
2008 1,784,000 86.1 141,000 6.8 147,000 7.1 2,072,000 100.0
2009 1,716,000 86.8 125,000 6.3 135,000 6.8 1,976,000 100.0
2010 1,698,000 85.5 115,000 5.8 173,000 8.7 1,986,000 100.0
2011 1,680,000 85.3 113,000 5.8 175,000 8.9 1,968,000 100.0
Table 23
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by Vehicle Type and Rollover
Occurrence, 1982-2011
Light Trucks
Passenger Cars Pickup Utility Van Total*
Rollover Rollover Rollover Rollover Rollover
Total Total Total Total Total
Year Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent
1982 23,330 5,529 23.7 4,605 1,895 41.2 735 504 68.6 814 285 35.0 29,689 8,298 27.9
1983 22,979 5,434 23.6 4,496 1,903 42.3 769 527 68.5 712 267 37.5 29,181 8,219 28.2
1984 23,620 5,569 23.6 4,686 1,994 42.6 723 496 68.6 764 299 39.1 30,116 8,497 28.2
1985 23,212 5,290 22.8 4,640 1,972 42.5 855 567 66.3 791 314 39.7 29,901 8,284 27.7
1986 24,944 6,015 24.1 5,090 2,301 45.2 927 608 65.6 879 349 39.7 32,261 9,474 29.4
1987 25,132 6,028 24.0 5,502 2,497 45.4 1,050 688 65.5 1,025 384 37.5 33,190 9,801 29.5
1988 25,808 6,248 24.2 5,880 2,713 46.1 1,040 651 62.6 1,001 374 37.4 34,114 10,138 29.7
1989 25,063 5,707 22.8 5,870 2,660 45.3 1,135 722 63.6 1,214 463 38.1 33,614 9,689 28.8
1990 24,092 5,593 23.2 5,979 2,698 45.1 1,214 762 62.8 1,154 451 39.1 32,693 9,619 29.4
1991 22,385 5,328 23.8 5,671 2,543 44.8 1,476 882 59.8 1,143 472 41.3 30,776 9,258 30.1
1992 21,387 4,738 22.2 5,385 2,460 45.7 1,335 834 62.5 1,292 564 43.7 29,485 8,636 29.3
1993 21,566 4,648 21.6 5,538 2,403 43.4 1,521 934 61.4 1,365 541 39.6 30,077 8,561 28.5
1994 21,997 4,870 22.1 5,574 2,409 43.2 1,757 1,063 60.5 1,508 610 40.5 30,901 8,981 29.1
1995 22,423 5,076 22.6 5,938 2,571 43.3 1,935 1,210 62.5 1,639 650 39.7 31,991 9,537 29.8
1996 22,505 4,997 22.2 5,904 2,545 43.1 2,147 1,384 64.5 1,832 681 37.2 32,437 9,624 29.7
1997 22,199 4,765 21.5 5,887 2,479 42.1 2,380 1,489 62.6 1,914 768 40.1 32,448 9,527 29.4
1998 21,194 4,672 22.0 5,921 2,560 43.2 2,713 1,705 62.8 2,042 823 40.3 31,899 9,773 30.6
1999 20,862 4,718 22.6 6,127 2,724 44.5 3,026 1,902 62.9 2,088 784 37.5 32,127 10,140 31.6
2000 20,699 4,548 22.0 6,003 2,558 42.6 3,358 2,064 61.5 2,129 771 36.2 32,225 9,959 30.9
2001 20,320 4,559 22.4 6,139 2,651 43.2 3,530 2,149 60.9 2,019 786 38.9 32,043 10,157 31.7
2002 20,569 4,794 23.3 6,100 2,755 45.2 4,031 2,471 61.3 2,109 699 33.1 32,843 10,729 32.7
2003 19,725 4,464 22.6 5,957 2,580 43.3 4,483 2,661 59.4 2,080 728 35.0 32,271 10,442 32.4
2004 19,192 4,353 22.7 5,838 2,597 44.5 4,760 2,929 61.5 2,046 695 34.0 31,866 10,590 33.2
2005 18,512 4,371 23.6 6,067 2,796 46.1 4,831 2,895 59.9 2,112 794 37.6 31,549 10,870 34.5
2006 17,925 4,376 24.4 5,993 2,844 47.5 4,928 2,899 58.8 1,815 609 33.6 30,686 10,742 35.0
2007 16,614 4,055 24.4 5,847 2,748 47.0 4,834 2,861 59.2 1,764 572 32.4 29,072 10,240 35.2
2008 14,646 3,653 24.9 5,097 2,435 47.8 4,214 2,435 57.8 1,492 514 34.5 25,462 9,043 35.5
2009 13,135 3,230 24.6 4,801 2,295 47.8 4,104 2,303 56.1 1,396 457 32.7 23,447 8,291 35.4
2010 12,491 2,933 23.5 4,486 2,098 46.8 3,942 2,264 57.4 1,346 413 30.7 22,273 7,710 34.6
2011 11,981 2,842 23.7 4,256 1,988 46.7 3,871 2,168 56.0 1,128 373 33.1 21,253 7,382 34.7
*Total includes occupants of other and unknown light trucks.

43
Chapter 2
CRASHES
CHAPTER 2 � CRASHES
T his chapter presents statistics about police-reported motor vehicle crashes according to the most severe injury
in the crash: Fatal, Nonfatal Injury (Injury), and Property Damage. The tables and figures are presented in four
groups: Time, Location, Circumstances, and Alcohol. Below are some of the crash statistics you will find in this
section:
O More than 5.3 million police-reported motor vehicle crashes occurred in the United States in 2011.
Twenty-nine percent of those crashes (1.53 million) resulted in an injury, and fewer than 1 percent (29,757)
resulted in a death.
O Midnight to 3 a.m. on Saturdays and Sundays proved to be the deadliest 3-hour periods throughout 2011, with
995 and 955 fatal crashes, respectively.
O Sixty percent of fatal crashes involved only one vehicle, as compared with 32 percent of injury crashes and
30 percent of property-damage-only crashes.
O Collision with another motor vehicle in transport was the most common first harmful event for fatal, injury, and
property-damage-only crashes. Collisions with fixed objects and noncollisions accounted for only 18 percent of
all crashes, but they accounted for 45 percent of fatal crashes.
O Thirty percent of all fatal crashes involved alcohol-impaired driving, where the highest blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) among drivers involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or higher. For fatal
crashes occurring from midnight to 3 a.m., 65 percent involved alcohol-impaired driving.

47
Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 24
Crashes and Crash Rates by Month and Crash Severity
Crash Severity
Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total Crashes
Month Number Rate* Number Rate* Number Rate* Number Rate*

January 2,082 0.94 129,000 58 349,000 158 480,000 217
February 1,871 0.88 124,000 59 318,000 150 444,000 209
March 2,217 0.89 120,000 48 298,000 120 420,000 169
April 2,337 0.94 119,000 48 285,000 115 406,000 164
May 2,570 1.02 130,000 51 295,000 117 428,000 169
June 2,620 1.02 125,000 49 286,000 111 413,000 161
July 2,906 1.12 119,000 46 285,000 110 406,000 157
August 2,742 1.06 129,000 50 302,000 117 433,000 167
September 2,621 1.09 129,000 54 308,000 128 440,000 183
October 2,838 1.13 141,000 56 340,000 136 483,000 193
November 2,483 1.05 131,000 55 350,000 148 483,000 204
December 2,470 1.02 135,000 55 364,000 150 501,000 206
Total 29,757 1.01 1,530,000 52 3,778,000 128 5,338,000 181
*Crashes per 100 million vehicle miles traveled.
Source: Vehicle miles traveled (VMT), Federal Highway Administration, Traffic Volume Trends, December 2012.
Table 25
Crashes by Time of Day, Day of Week, and Crash Severity
Day of Week
Time of Day Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total
Fatal Crashes
Midnight to 3 am 955 350 257 302 353 534 995 3,746
3 am to 6 am 608 234 221 217 251 325 550 2,406
6 am to 9 am 308 446 440 452 462 457 400 2,965
9 am to Noon 342 418 429 409 375 427 450 2,850
Noon to 3 pm 589 541 530 506 581 576 654 3,977
3 pm to 6 pm 648 661 678 694 650 703 714 4,748
6 pm to 9 pm 682 609 608 581 657 712 884 4,733
9 pm to Midnight 485 473 450 463 561 801 889 4,122
Unknown 38 27 24 24 20 32 45 210
Total 4,655 3,759 3,637 3,648 3,910 4,567 5,581 29,757
Injury Crashes
Midnight to 3 am 19,000 7,000 6,000 7,000 9,000 11,000 21,000 79,000
3 am to 6 am 12,000 5,000 6,000 6,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 50,000
6 am to 9 am 12,000 31,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 27,000 14,000 181,000
9 am to Noon 18,000 32,000 32,000 34,000 30,000 34,000 30,000 210,000
Noon to 3 pm 30,000 42,000 40,000 42,000 37,000 51,000 42,000 284,000
3 pm to 6 pm 31,000 55,000 61,000 62,000 55,000 70,000 40,000 374,000
6 pm to 9 pm 26,000 27,000 35,000 34,000 34,000 40,000 29,000 224,000
9 pm to Midnight 14,000 16,000 15,000 18,000 20,000 23,000 22,000 128,000
Total 163,000 214,000 227,000 235,000 221,000 263,000 207,000 1,530,000
Midnight to 3 am 41,000 15,000 17,000 17,000 19,000 22,000 37,000 168,000
3 am to 6 am 21,000 15,000 14,000 12,000 19,000 23,000 24,000 128,000
6 am to 9 am 22,000 86,000 96,000 86,000 92,000 85,000 36,000 503,000
9 am to Noon 45,000 72,000 79,000 75,000 81,000 80,000 65,000 498,000
Noon to 3 pm 71,000 95,000 96,000 110,000 101,000 121,000 88,000 682,000
3 pm to 6 pm 72,000 146,000 156,000 164,000 159,000 162,000 92,000 951,000
6 pm to 9 pm 60,000 72,000 75,000 79,000 87,000 102,000 73,000 549,000
9 pm to Midnight 34,000 39,000 36,000 36,000 40,000 56,000 57,000 299,000
Total 367,000 540,000 570,000 579,000 598,000 652,000 473,000 3,778,000
All Crashes
Midnight to 3 am 61,000 22,000 23,000 25,000 28,000 33,000 59,000 251,000
3 am to 6 am 34,000 20,000 21,000 19,000 24,000 30,000 34,000 180,000
6 am to 9 am 35,000 117,000 129,000 118,000 124,000 113,000 51,000 687,000
9 am to Noon 63,000 105,000 112,000 110,000 111,000 114,000 96,000 711,000
Noon to 3 pm 102,000 137,000 137,000 153,000 139,000 173,000 131,000 971,000
3 pm to 6 pm 104,000 201,000 217,000 227,000 214,000 233,000 133,000 1,329,000
6 pm to 9 pm 87,000 100,000 111,000 113,000 121,000 143,000 103,000 778,000
9 pm to Midnight 49,000 55,000 51,000 54,000 61,000 80,000 80,000 431,000
Total 534,000 758,000 801,000 817,000 822,000 920,000 686,000 5,338,000

49
Figure 11
Average Fatal Crashes per Hour, by Time of Day, Weekdays and Weekends
Time of Day Weekdays Weekends
9:00 to 9:59 am
10:00 to 10:59 am
11:00 to 11:59 am
12:00 to 12:59 pm
1:00 to 1:59 pm
2:00 to 2:59 pm
3:00 to 3:59 pm
4:00 to 4:59 pm
5:00 to 5:59 pm
6:00 to 6:59 pm
7:00 to 7:59 pm
8:00 to 8:59 pm
9:00 to 9:59 pm
10:00 to 10:59 pm
11:00 to 11:59 pm
12:00 to 12:59 am
1:00 to 1:59 am
2:00 to 2:59 am
3:00 to 3:59 am
4:00 to 4:59 am
5:00 to 5:59 am
6:00 to 6:59 am
7:00 to 7:59 am
8:00 to 8:59 am
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Average Number of Fatal Crashes per Hour
Table 26
Crashes by Weather Condition, Light Condition, and Crash Severity
Light Condition
Weather
Condition Daylight Dark, But Lighted Dark Dawn or Dusk Other Total
Fatal Crashes
Normal 13,152 4,844 7,374 1,040 8 26,458
Rain 951 414 598 75 3 2,042
Snow/Sleet 287 75 209 21 0 595
Other 121 58 184 41 0 406
Unknown 78 19 86 4 0 256
Total 14,589 5,410 8,451 1,181 11 *29,757
Injury Crashes
Normal 948,000 218,000 121,000 45,000 ** 1,332,000
Rain 90,000 30,000 19,000 6,000 ** 145,000
Snow/Sleet 24,000 8,000 9,000 2,000 ** 43,000
Other/Unknown 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 ** 10,000
Total 1,067,000 258,000 151,000 54,000 ** 1,530,000
Normal 2,281,000 469,000 352,000 118,000 ** 3,220,000
Rain 232,000 77,000 52,000 17,000 ** 379,000
Snow/Sleet 87,000 28,000 28,000 11,000 ** 155,000
Other/Unknown 12,000 3,000 6,000 3,000 ** 24,000
Total 2,612,000 578,000 438,000 150,000 1,000 3,778,000
All Crashes
Normal 3,242,000 692,000 481,000 164,000 ** 4,579,000
Rain 324,000 108,000 71,000 23,000 ** 526,000
Snow/Sleet 111,000 37,000 38,000 13,000 ** 199,000
Other/Unknown 16,000 5,000 8,000 4,000 ** 34,000
Total 3,693,000 842,000 598,000 204,000 1,000 5,338,000
*Includes 115 fatal crashes for which light conditions were unknown.
**Less than 500.

51
Table 27
Fatal Crashes by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times
Within Designated Minutes and by Land Use
Time of Crash EMS Notification EMS Arrival at Scene Time of Crash
Response to EMS Notification to EMS Arrival to Hospital Arrival to Hospital Arrival
Time
(Minutes) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Rural Fatal Crashes

0 to 10 6,432 85.2 4,348 52.7 134 3.1 24 0.6
11 to 20 653 8.7 2,761 33.4 577 13.2 152 3.6
21 to 30 217 2.9 777 9.4 1,036 23.7 438 10.4
31 to 40 79 1.0 234 2.8 960 21.9 649 15.4
41 to 50 42 0.6 73 0.9 694 15.9 751 17.8
51 to 60 31 0.4 23 0.3 408 9.3 699 16.6
61 to 120 91 1.2 39 0.5 567 13.0 1,498 35.6
Total* 7,545 100.0 8,255 100.0 4,376 100.0 4,211 100.0
Urban Fatal Crashes
0 to 10 5,610 93.1 5,065 83.3 199 5.1 36 0.9
11 to 20 288 4.8 849 14.0 1,217 31.2 466 12.0
21 to 30 49 0.8 116 1.9 1,245 31.9 1,104 28.5
31 to 40 29 0.5 32 0.5 669 17.1 959 24.7
41 to 50 12 0.2 9 0.1 302 7.7 593 15.3
51 to 60 17 0.3 4 0.1 154 3.9 354 9.1
61 to 120 24 0.4 9 0.1 115 2.9 364 9.4
Total* 6,029 100.0 6,084 100.0 3,901 100.0 3,876 100.0
*Includes crashes for which both times were known.
Table 28
Crashes by Crash Type, Relation to Roadway, and Crash Severity
Relation to Roadway
Crash Type On Roadway Off Roadway Shoulder Median Other/Unknown Total
Fatal Crashes
Single Vehicle 5,646 10,414 507 1,159 265 17,991
Multiple Vehicle 11,218 266 100 167 15 11,766
Total 16,864 10,680 607 1,326 280 29,757
Injury Crashes
Single Vehicle 155,000 260,000 7,000 40,000 33,000 494,000
Multiple Vehicle 1,025,000 5,000 1,000 4,000 * 1,036,000
Total 1,180,000 265,000 8,000 44,000 33,000 1,530,000
Single Vehicle 297,000 520,000 9,000 81,000 242,000 1,149,000
Multiple Vehicle 2,612,000 8,000 1,000 5,000 3,000 2,629,000
Total 2,910,000 528,000 9,000 86,000 245,000 3,778,000
All Crashes
Single Vehicle 458,000 790,000 16,000 122,000 275,000 1,661,000
Multiple Vehicle 3,649,000 14,000 2,000 9,000 4,000 3,677,000
Total 4,106,000 804,000 17,000 132,000 278,000 5,338,000
*Less than 500.

53
Table 29
Crashes by First Harmful Event, Manner of Collision, and Crash Severity
Crash Severity
Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total
First Harmful Event Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Collision with Motor
Vehicle in Transport:
Angle 5,281 17.7 413,000 27.0 793,000 21.0 1,212,000 22.7
Rear End 1,806 6.1 475,000 31.0 1,245,000 32.9 1,721,000 32.2
Sideswipe 768 2.6 71,000 4.7 450,000 11.9 522,000 9.8
Head On 2,731 9.2 57,000 3.7 53,000 1.4 112,000 2.1
Other/Unknown 110 0.4 6,000 0.4 60,000 1.6 66,000 1.2
Subtotal 10,696 35.9 1,022,000 66.8 2,601,000 68.8 3,634,000 68.1
Collision with
Fixed Object:
Pole/Post 1,354 4.6 49,000 3.2 113,000 3.0 164,000 3.1
Culvert/Curb/Ditch 2,406 8.1 52,000 3.4 100,000 2.6 154,000 2.9
Shrubbery/Tree 2,385 8.0 41,000 2.7 59,000 1.6 102,000 1.9
Guard Rail 893 3.0 28,000 1.8 68,000 1.8 96,000 1.8
Embankment 1,049 3.5 20,000 1.3 26,000 0.7 48,000 0.9
Bridge 219 0.7 5,000 0.3 11,000 0.3 17,000 0.3
Other/Unknown 1,656 5.6 70,000 4.6 167,000 4.4 239,000 4.5
Subtotal 9,962 33.5 265,000 17.3 545,000 14.4 820,000 15.4
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Parked Motor Vehicle 304 1.0 36,000 2.3 284,000 7.5 320,000 6.0
Animal 183 0.6 14,000 0.9 242,000 6.4 256,000 4.8
Pedestrian 4,095 13.8 63,000 4.1 2,000 0.1 69,000 1.3
Pedalcyclist 669 2.2 47,000 3.1 3,000 0.1 51,000 1.0
Train 116 0.4 * * 1,000 * 1,000 0.0
Other/Unknown 354 1.2 11,000 0.7 49,000 1.3 61,000 1.1
Subtotal 5,721 19.2 171,000 11.2 582,000 15.4 759,000 14.2
Noncollision:
Rollover 2,955 9.9 65,000 4.2 35,000 0.9 102,000 1.9
Other/Unknown 395 1.3 7,000 0.4 15,000 0.4 22,000 0.4
Subtotal 3,350 11.3 72,000 4.7 50,000 1.3 125,000 2.3
Total **29,757 100.0 1,530,000 100.0 3,778,000 100.0 5,338,000 100.0

*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.
**Includes 28 fatal crashes with unknown first harmful event.
Table 30
Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity
Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type Passenger Car Light Truck Large Truck Motorcycle Bus Other/Unknown
Fatal Crashes
(Total = 10,002)
Passenger Car . . . . 1,457 2,954 1,005 861 57 123
Light Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,097 824 985 45 122
Large Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 175 7 23
Motorcycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 16 45
Other/Unknown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Injury Crashes
(Total = 882,000)
Passenger Car . . . . 296,000 372,000 25,000 20,000 6,000 1,000
Light Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,000 17,000 14,000 3,000 1,000
Large Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 1,000 * *
Motorcycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 * *
(Total = 2,451,000)
Passenger Car . . . . 782,000 1,082,000 89,000 7,000 20,000 3,000
Light Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381,000 56,000 4,000 15,000 3,000
Large Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,000 * 1,000 *
*Less than 500.

55
Table 31
Fatal Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving, by Time of Day and Crash Type
Crash Type
Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total

Alcohol- Alcohol- Alcohol- Alcohol- Alcohol- Alcohol-
Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired
Time of Day Number Driving* Driving* Number Driving* Driving* Number Driving* Driving*
Midnight to 3 am 2,895 1,893 65 851 539 63 3,746 2,432 65
3 am to 6 am 1,745 883 51 661 305 46 2,406 1,189 49
6 am to 9 am 1,667 307 18 1,298 133 10 2,965 441 15
9 am to Noon 1,362 128 9 1,488 91 6 2,850 219 8
Noon to 3 pm 1,867 255 14 2,110 165 8 3,977 420 11
3 pm to 6 pm 2,322 507 22 2,426 364 15 4,748 871 18
6 pm to 9 pm 3,042 973 32 1,691 512 30 4,733 1,485 31
9 pm to Midnight 2,893 1,281 44 1,229 572 47 4,122 1,853 45
Unknown 198 88 44 12 5 38 210 93 44
Total 17,991 6,316 35 11,766 2,685 23 29,757 9,001 30
*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or
greater.
Figure 12
Percent of Fatal Crashes Involving Alcohol-Impaired Driving, by Time of Day
and Crash Type
Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving*

100
Crash Type:
Multiple Vehicle Single Vehicle
80
60
40
20
0
9 am Noon 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm Midnight 3 am 6 am
to Noon to 3 pm to 6 pm to 9 pm to Midnight to 3 am to 6 am to 9 am
Time of Day
greater.

57
Chapter 3
VEHICLES
CHAPTER 3 � VEHICLES
S tatistics about the vehicles involved in police-reported motor vehicle crashes are presented in this chapter,
according to six major vehicle types: Passenger Cars, Light Trucks (including pickups, vans, and utility vehicles
with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less), Large Trucks (including single-unit trucks and truck
tractors with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 10,000 pounds), Motorcycles (including motorcycles,
mopeds, and motorscooters), Buses (including school buses and transit buses), and Other Vehicles (including
all-terrain vehicles, farm and construction equipment, and motorhomes). The tables and figures are presented for
all vehicle types first, then by individual vehicle type. Below are some of the vehicle statistics you will find in this
section:
O More than 95 percent of the 9.4 million vehicles involved in motor vehicle crashes in 2011 were passenger cars or
light trucks.
O Large trucks accounted for 8 percent of the vehicles in fatal crashes, but only 2 percent of the vehicles involved in
injury crashes and 3 percent of the vehicles involved in property-damage-only crashes. Of the 3,608 large trucks
involved in fatal crashes, 71 percent were combination trucks.
O The proportion of vehicles that rolled over in fatal crashes (20.3 percent) was more than 4 times as high as
the proportion in injury crashes (4.5 percent) and more than 18 times as high as the proportion in property
damage-only crashes (1.1 percent).
O Compared with passenger cars, pickup trucks, vans, large trucks, and buses, utility vehicles experienced the
highest rollover rate in fatal crashes (31.4 percent). Large trucks experienced the highest rollover rate in injury
crashes (7.7 percent). Large trucks also experienced the highest rollover rate in property-damage-only crashes
(1.9 percent).
O Fires occurred in 0.1 percent of the vehicles involved in all traffic crashes in 2011. For fatal crashes, however,
fires occurred in 3.0 percent of the vehicles involved.
O Regardless of crash severity, the majority of vehicles in single- and two-vehicle crashes were going straight prior
to the crash. The next most common vehicle maneuver differed by crash severity: negotiating a curve for fatal
crashes, turning left for injury crashes, and stopped in traffic lane for property-damage-only crashes.
O Motorcycles in fatal crashes had the highest proportion of collisions with fixed objects (26.3 percent), and large
trucks in fatal crashes had the lowest proportion (3.8 percent).

61
Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 32
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Relation to Junction, Traffic Control Device,
and Crash Severity
Traffic Control Device
Relation to
Junction None Traffic Signal Stop Sign Other/Unknown Total
Fatal Crashes
Nonjunction 26,495 58 16 1,812 28,381
Junction:
Intersection 3,772 3,389 2,078 286 9,525
Intersection Related 1,143 880 260 118 2,401
Other/Unknown 3,108 97 79 354 3,638
Total 34,518 4,424 2,433 2,570 43,945
Injury Crashes
Nonjunction 960,000 4,000 * 86,000 1,050,000
Junction:
Intersection 240,000 413,000 154,000 27,000 833,000
Intersection Related 134,000 352,000 43,000 45,000 573,000
Other/Unknown 245,000 18,000 11,000 26,000 299,000
Total 1,578,000 786,000 208,000 184,000 2,756,000
Nonjunction 2,467,000 10,000 1,000 210,000 2,687,000
Junction:
Intersection 431,000 576,000 270,000 71,000 1,349,000
Intersection Related 367,000 1,014,000 156,000 174,000 1,711,000
Other/Unknown 712,000 53,000 35,000 64,000 864,000
Total 3,977,000 1,654,000 463,000 518,000 6,612,000
All Crashes
Nonjunction 3,453,000 14,000 1,000 298,000 3,766,000
Junction:
Intersection 675,000 992,000 426,000 98,000 2,192,000
Intersection Related 502,000 1,367,000 199,000 219,000 2,287,000
Other/Unknown 960,000 71,000 46,000 90,000 1,167,000
Total 5,590,000 2,444,000 673,000 705,000 9,412,000
*Less than 500.
Note: For important information on this table see “Changes from Previous Traffic Safety Facts Reports” on page 8.
Table 33
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Speed Limit, Crash Type, and Crash Severity
Crash Type
Speed Limit Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Fatal Crashes
30 mph or less 2,405 13.4 1,781 6.9 4,186 9.5
35 or 40 mph 3,472 19.3 4,266 16.4 7,738 17.6
45 or 50 mph 3,233 18.0 5,324 20.5 8,557 19.5
55 mph 4,826 26.8 7,573 29.2 12,399 28.2
60 mph or higher 3,302 18.4 5,908 22.8 9,210 21.0
No Statutory Limit 78 0.4 133 0.5 211 0.5
Unknown 675 3.8 969 3.7 1,644 3.7
Total 17,991 100.0 25,954 100.0 43,945 100.0
Injury Crashes
30 mph or less 114,000 23.0 338,000 15.0 452,000 16.4
35 or 40 mph 88,000 17.9 687,000 30.4 775,000 28.1
45 or 50 mph 59,000 12.0 471,000 20.8 530,000 19.2
55 mph 80,000 16.2 201,000 8.9 281,000 10.2
60 mph or higher 57,000 11.5 192,000 8.5 249,000 9.0
No Statutory Limit 11,000 2.2 46,000 2.1 57,000 2.1
Unknown 85,000 17.3 326,000 14.4 412,000 14.9
Total 494,000 100.0 2,262,000 100.0 2,756,000 100.0
30 mph or less 253,000 22.1 913,000 16.7 1,166,000 17.6
35 or 40 mph 135,000 11.8 1,526,000 27.9 1,661,000 25.1
45 or 50 mph 124,000 10.8 1,125,000 20.6 1,249,000 18.9
55 mph 226,000 19.7 362,000 6.6 588,000 8.9
60 mph or higher 139,000 12.1 446,000 8.2 585,000 8.8
Unknown 229,000 19.9 917,000 16.8 1,146,000 17.3
Total 1,149,000 100.0 5,463,000 100.0 6,612,000 100.0
All Crashes
30 mph or less 370,000 22.3 1,253,000 16.2 1,623,000 17.2
35 or 40 mph 227,000 13.7 2,217,000 28.6 2,444,000 26.0
45 or 50 mph 186,000 11.2 1,601,000 20.7 1,787,000 19.0
55 mph 311,000 18.7 571,000 7.4 881,000 9.4
60 mph or higher 199,000 12.0 644,000 8.3 843,000 9.0
Unknown 315,000 18.9 1,245,000 16.1 1,559,000 16.6
Total 1,661,000 100.0 7,751,000 100.0 9,412,000 100.0
63
Table 34
Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Speed Limit and Land Use
Land Use
Rural Urban Unknown Total
Speed Limit Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
30 mph or less 1,037 24.8 3,114 74.4 35 0.8 4,186 100.0
35 or 40 mph 2,315 29.9 5,391 69.7 32 0.4 7,738 100.0
45 or 50 mph 3,765 44.0 4,752 55.5 40 0.5 8,557 100.0
55 mph 9,488 76.5 2,863 23.1 48 0.4 12,399 100.0
60 mph or higher 5,780 62.8 3,418 37.1 12 0.1 9,210 100.0
No Statutory Limit 90 42.7 120 56.9 1 0.5 211 100.0
Unknown 610 37.1 1,022 62.2 12 0.7 1,644 100.0
Total 23,085 52.5 20,680 47.1 180 0.4 43,945 100.0
Table 35
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Number of Lanes, Trafficway Flow, and Crash Severity
Trafficway Flow
Number of Entrance/Exit
Lanes Not Divided Divided One-Way Ramps Unknown Total
Fatal Crashes
One Lane 10 80 109 399 1 599
Two Lanes 24,091 7,246 169 139 7 31,652
Three Lanes 534 2,928 141 23 1 3,627
Four Lanes 3,748 2,488 41 6 2 6,285
More Than Four 417 892 18 2 2 1,331
Unknown 41 84 6 7 172 310
Total* 28,841 13,718 484 576 185 43,945
Injury Crashes
One Lane 3,000 18,000 12,000 24,000 8,000 64,000
Two Lanes 762,000 379,000 34,000 12,000 68,000 1,254,000
Three Lanes 55,000 220,000 21,000 4,000 13,000 313,000
Four Lanes 299,000 91,000 9,000 2,000 16,000 416,000
More Than Four 48,000 54,000 3,000 ** 6,000 112,000
Unknown 117,000 41,000 9,000 9,000 368,000 544,000
Total* 1,285,000 803,000 87,000 50,000 479,000 2,756,000
One Lane 9,000 33,000 36,000 69,000 8,000 155,000
Two Lanes 1,841,000 842,000 68,000 35,000 92,000 2,879,000
Three Lanes 122,000 473,000 62,000 14,000 21,000 691,000
Four Lanes 762,000 202,000 25,000 3,000 15,000 1,007,000
More Than Four 110,000 118,000 5,000 1,000 5,000 238,000
Unknown 272,000 94,000 20,000 29,000 1,028,000 1,443,000
Total* 3,117,000 1,763,000 215,000 150,000 1,168,000 6,612,000
All Crashes
One Lane 11,000 52,000 48,000 93,000 16,000 220,000
Two Lanes 2,628,000 1,229,000 102,000 47,000 160,000 4,165,000
Three Lanes 178,000 696,000 83,000 18,000 34,000 1,008,000
Four Lanes 1,065,000 296,000 34,000 4,000 31,000 1,429,000
More Than Four 159,000 172,000 8,000 1,000 11,000 351,000
Unknown 389,000 135,000 28,000 38,000 1,396,000 1,987,000
Total* 4,430,000 2,580,000 302,000 200,000 1,648,000 9,412,000
*Totals include vehicles in non-trafficway areas.
**Less than 500.

65
Table 36
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity
Crash Severity
Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Passenger Car 17,442 39.7 1,571,000 57.0 3,740,000 56.6 5,328,000 56.6
Light Truck 16,740 38.1 1,026,000 37.2 2,582,000 39.0 3,625,000 38.5
Large Truck 3,608 8.2 63,000 2.3 221,000 3.3 287,000 3.1
Motorcycle 4,749 10.8 77,000 2.8 18,000 0.3 100,000 1.1
Bus 244 0.6 13,000 0.5 44,000 0.7 57,000 0.6
Other 535 1.2 6,000 0.2 7,000 0.1 14,000 0.1
Total *43,945 100.0 2,756,000 100.0 6,612,000 100.0 9,412,000 100.0
*Includes 627 vehicles of unknown type involved in fatal crashes.
Figure 13
Proportion of Vehicles Involved in Traffic Crashes
Motorcycle
1.1%
Light Truck
38.5%
Bus
0.6%
Large Truck
3.1%
Other
0.1% Passenger Car
56.6%
Table 37
Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Body Type
Body Type Number Percent Body Type Number Percent
Passenger Cars 17,442 39.7 Large Trucks 3,608 8.2
Convertible 314 0.7 Step Van 9 *
2 Door Sedan, Hardtop, Coupe 2,615 6.0 Single Unit Truck
3 Door/2 Door Hatchback 562 1.3 (10,000 lb < GVWR � 19,500 lb) 282 0.6
4 Door Sedan Hardtop 12,506 28.5 Single Unit Truck
(19,500 lb < GVWR � 26,000 lb) 195 0.4
5 Door/4 Door Hatchback 297 0.7
Single Unit Heavy Truck
Station Wagon 1,028 2.3 (GVWR > 26,000 lb) 506 1.2
Hatchback, Doors Unknown 3 * Single Unit Truck, Unknown GVWR 11 *
Other Auto 9 * Truck Tractor 2,425 5.5
Unknown Auto 93 0.2 Medium/Heavy Pickup
Auto-Based Pickup 13 * (Ford Super Duty 450/550) 166 0.4
3-Door Coupe 2 * Unknown Heavy Truck
Light Trucks 16,740 38.1 (GVWR > 26,000 lb) 3 *
Compact Utility 4,953 11.3 Unknown Large Truck Type 11 *
Large Utility 1,518 3.5 Motorcycles 4,749 10.8
Utility Station Wagon 279 0.6 Motorcycle 4,473 10.2
Utility, Unknown Body Type 3 * Moped 123 0.3
Minivan 1,575 3.6 Three Wheel Motorcycle or Moped 6 *
Large Van 576 1.3 Off-Road Motorcycle (Two Wheel) 49 0.1
Step Van 10 * Other Motorcycle/Minibike 83 0.2
Other Van Type 8 * Unknown Motorcycle 15 *
Unknown Van Type 13 * Buses 244 0.6
Compact Pickup 2,140 4.9 School Bus 98 0.2
Standard Pickup 5,593 12.7 Cross Country/Intercity Bus 40 0.1
Pickup with Camper 18 * Transit Bus 68 0.2
Unknown Pickup Style Truck 13 * Van-Based Bus
(GVWR > 10,000 lb) 25 0.1
Cab Chassis-Based Light Truck 28 0.1
Other Bus 10 *
Other Conventional Light Truck 1 *
Unknown Bus 3 *
Unknown Light Truck Type (Not Pickup) 1 *
Other Vehicles 535 1.2
Unknown Light Vehicle Type 11 *
Large Limousine 3 *
Light Truck-Based Motorhome 2 *
Medium/Heavy Truck-Based Motorhome 17 *
Unknown Truck Camper/Motorhome 19 *
All Terrain Vehicle 315 0.7
Snowmobile 25 0.1
Farm Equipment Except Trucks 91 0.2
Construction Equipment Except Trucks 9 *
Motorized Wheelchair 1 *
Other Vehicle 53 0.1
Unknown Body Type 627 1.4
Total 43,945 100.0
*Less than 0.05 percent.

67
Table 38
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type, Rollover Occurrence, and Crash Severity
Rollover Occurrence
Yes No Total
Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Fatal Crashes
Passenger Car 2,673 15.3 14,769 84.7 17,442 100.0
Light Truck
Pickup 2,044 26.3 5,720 73.7 7,764 100.0
Utility 2,121 31.4 4,632 68.6 6,753 100.0
Van 364 16.7 1,818 83.3 2,182 100.0
Other 13 31.7 28 68.3 41 100.0
Large Truck 490 13.6 3,118 86.4 3,608 100.0
Bus 13 5.3 231 94.7 244 100.0
Other/Unknown 242 20.8 920 79.2 1,162 100.0
Total* 7,960 20.3 31,236 79.7 39,196 100.0
Injury Crashes
Passenger Car 47,000 3.0 1,524,000 97.0 1,571,000 100.0
Light Truck
Pickup 25,000 6.8 343,000 93.2 369,000 100.0
Utility 35,000 7.3 445,000 92.7 480,000 100.0
Van 5,000 3.1 170,000 96.9 175,000 100.0
Other ** 2.0 2,000 98.0 2,000 100.0
Large Truck 5,000 7.7 58,000 92.3 63,000 100.0
Bus ** 0.3 13,000 99.7 13,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 27.6 4,000 72.4 6,000 100.0
Total* 119,000 4.5 2,560,000 95.5 2,679,000 100.0
Passenger Car 28,000 0.7 3,712,000 99.3 3,740,000 100.0
Light Truck
Pickup 17,000 1.8 959,000 98.2 977,000 100.0
Utility 19,000 1.6 1,184,000 98.4 1,203,000 100.0
Van 4,000 0.9 391,000 99.1 394,000 100.0
Other ** ** 8,000 100.0 8,000 100.0
Large Truck 4,000 1.9 217,000 98.1 221,000 100.0
Bus ** 0.4 44,000 99.6 44,000 100.0
Other/Unknown ** 3.5 7,000 96.5 7,000 100.0
Total* 72,000 1.1 6,521,000 98.9 6,593,000 100.0
All Crashes
Passenger Car 78,000 1.5 5,251,000 98.5 5,328,000 100.0
Light Truck
Pickup 45,000 3.3 1,309,000 96.7 1,353,000 100.0
Utility 56,000 3.3 1,633,000 96.7 1,689,000 100.0
Van 9,000 1.6 563,000 98.4 572,000 100.0
Other ** 0.6 10,000 99.4 10,000 100.0
Large Truck 9,000 3.3 278,000 96.7 287,000 100.0
Bus ** 0.4 57,000 99.6 57,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 14.9 12,000 85.1 14,000 100.0
Total* 200,000 2.1 9,112,000 97.9 9,312,000 100.0
*Excludes motorcycles.
**Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.
Figure 14
Percent Rollover Occurrence, by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity
Percent Rollover Occurrence

50
Crash Severity:
Fatal Injury Property Damage Only
40
30
20
10
0
Passenger Car Light Truck: Light Truck: Light Truck: Large Truck
Pickup Utility Van
Vehicle Type

69
Table 39
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type, Fire Occurrence, and Crash Severity
Fire Occurrence
Yes No Total
Fatal Crashes
Passenger Car 555 3.2 16,887 96.8 17,442 100.0
Light Truck 476 2.8 16,264 97.2 16,740 100.0
Large Truck 227 6.3 3,381 93.7 3,608 100.0
Motorcycle 69 1.5 4,680 98.5 4,749 100.0
Bus 2 0.8 242 99.2 244 100.0
Other/Unknown 5 0.4 1,157 99.6 1,162 100.0
Total 1,334 3.0 42,611 97.0 43,945 100.0
Injury Crashes
Passenger Car 2,000 0.1 1,570,000 99.9 1,571,000 100.0
Light Truck 1,000 0.1 1,025,000 99.9 1,026,000 100.0
Large Truck * 0.6 62,000 99.4 63,000 100.0
Motorcycle * 0.3 76,000 99.7 77,000 100.0
Bus * * 13,000 100.0 13,000 100.0
Other/Unknown * * 6,000 100.0 6,000 100.0
Total 4,000 0.1 2,752,000 99.9 2,756,000 100.0
Passenger Car 2,000 * 3,738,000 100.0 3,740,000 100.0
Light Truck 1,000 0.1 2,581,000 99.9 2,582,000 100.0
Large Truck 1,000 0.3 220,000 99.7 221,000 100.0
Motorcycle * * 18,000 100.0 18,000 100.0
Bus * * 44,000 100.0 44,000 100.0
Other/Unknown * * 7,000 100.0 7,000 100.0
Total 4,000 0.1 6,608,000 99.9 6,612,000 100.0
All Crashes
Passenger Car 4,000 0.1 5,324,000 99.9 5,328,000 100.0
Light Truck 3,000 0.1 3,621,000 99.9 3,625,000 100.0
Large Truck 1,000 0.5 286,000 99.5 287,000 100.0
Motorcycle * 0.3 99,000 99.7 100,000 100.0
Bus * * 57,000 100.0 57,000 100.0
Other/Unknown * * 14,000 100.0 14,000 100.0
Total 9,000 0.1 9,403,000 99.9 9,412,000 100.0
Table 40
Vehicles Involved in Single- and Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Maneuver and
Crash Severity
Crash Severity
Vehicle Maneuver Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Going Straight 23,539 62.3 1,242,000 55.1 3,011,000 49.9 4,276,000 51.4
Turning Left 2,364 6.3 276,000 12.2 556,000 9.2 834,000 10.0
Stopped in Traffic Lane 454 1.2 226,000 10.0 770,000 12.8 996,000 12.0
Turning Right 339 0.9 73,000 3.2 264,000 4.4 337,000 4.0
Slowed in Traffic Lane 311 0.8 121,000 5.4 359,000 5.9 481,000 5.8
Merging/Changing Lanes 665 1.8 59,000 2.6 290,000 4.8 350,000 4.2
Negotiating Curve 8,218 21.7 134,000 6.0 278,000 4.6 420,000 5.0
Backing Up 117 0.3 15,000 0.7 156,000 2.6 171,000 2.1
Passing Other Vehicle 740 2.0 19,000 0.8 70,000 1.2 89,000 1.1
Starting in Traffic Lane 228 0.6 55,000 2.4 150,000 2.5 205,000 2.5
Leaving Parking Space 20 0.1 6,000 0.3 34,000 0.6 40,000 0.5
Making U-Turn 152 0.4 13,000 0.6 37,000 0.6 50,000 0.6
Entering Parking Space 10 * 2,000 0.1 18,000 0.3 20,000 0.2
Disabled in Traffic Lane 33 0.1 2,000 0.1 5,000 0.1 6,000 0.1
Other Maneuver 345 0.9 13,000 0.6 37,000 0.6 50,000 0.6
Total **37,813 100.0 2,253,000 100.0 6,035,000 100.0 8,326,000 100.0
**Includes 278 vehicles involved in fatal crashes with unknown vehicle maneuver.

71
Table 41
Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Roadway Function Class, Crash Type,
and Hazardous Cargo
Crash Type
Roadway Function Hazardous Hazardous Hazardous

Class Cargo Total Cargo Total Cargo Total
Rural Fatal Crashes

Principal Arterial
Interstate 9 1,111 15 1,420 24 2,531
Other 7 1,618 26 4,333 33 5,951
Minor Arterial 2 1,374 15 2,812 17 4,186
Major Collector 5 2,513 11 2,734 16 5,247
Minor Collector 2 718 0 409 2 1,127
Local Road or Street 3 2,529 1 1,379 4 3,908
Unknown Rural 0 101 2 34 2 135
Total 28 9,964 70 13,121 98 23,085
Urban Fatal Crashes
Principal Arterial
Interstate 6 1,100 14 2,125 20 3,225
Freeway/Expressway 2 609 6 1,298 8 1,907
Other 2 1,996 5 4,333 7 6,329
Minor Arterial 1 1,487 5 2,614 6 4,101
Collector 1 704 2 764 3 1,468
Unknown Urban 0 16 0 23 0 39
Total 15 7,945 32 12,735 47 20,680
All Fatal Crashes
Principal Arterial
Interstate 15 2,211 29 3,545 44 5,756
Freeway/Expressway 2 609 6 1,298 8 1,907
Other 9 3,614 31 8,666 40 12,280
Minor Arterial 3 2,861 20 5,426 23 8,287
Collector 8 3,935 13 3,907 21 7,842
Unknown Rural 0 101 2 34 2 135
Unknown Urban 0 16 0 23 0 39
Unknown Rural or Urban 0 82 0 98 0 180
Total 43 17,991 102 25,954 145 43,945
Figure 15
Percent of Vehicles in Crashes, by Most Harmful Event and Vehicle Type
Percent of Vehicles
100
Vehicle Type:
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Collision with Collision with Collision with Noncollision
Vehicle in Transport Fixed Object Object Not Fixed
Most Harmful Event

73
Figure 16
Percent of Vehicles in Crashes, by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Type, and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type:
Percent of Vehicles
70
Single Vehicle
60
50
40
30
20
10
70
Multiple Vehicle
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Front Side Rear
Initial Point of Impact
Note: Excludes other or unknown point of impact and noncollisions.
Table 42
Passenger Cars Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Most Harmful
Event Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Transport by Initial
Point of Impact:
Front 5,481 31.4 668,000 42.5 1,485,000 39.7 2,159,000 40.5
Left Side 1,658 9.5 128,000 8.1 364,000 9.7 494,000 9.3
Right Side 1,274 7.3 119,000 7.6 340,000 9.1 460,000 8.6
Rear 991 5.7 372,000 23.6 876,000 23.4 1,248,000 23.4
Other/Unknown 102 0.6 * * * * 1,000 *
Subtotal 9,506 54.5 1,288,000 81.9 3,065,000 82.0 4,362,000 81.9
Collision with
Fixed Object 3,215 18.4 145,000 9.2 320,000 8.6 468,000 8.8
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonoccupant 2,252 12.9 71,000 4.5 4,000 0.1 77,000 1.4
Other 394 2.3 34,000 2.2 322,000 8.6 357,000 6.7
Subtotal 2,646 15.2 105,000 6.7 326,000 8.7 434,000 8.1
Noncollision 2,064 11.8 34,000 2.2 27,000 0.7 64,000 1.2
Total **17,442 100.0 1,571,000 100.0 3,740,000 100.0 5,328,000 100.0
**Includes 11 passenger cars involved in fatal crashes with unknown most harmful event.

75
Table 43
Passenger Cars Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and
Crash Type
Crash Severity

Initial Point
of Impact Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Single-Vehicle Crashes
Front 4,298 61.8 191,000 70.9 407,000 62.6 603,000 65.0
Left Side 636 9.1 20,000 7.5 55,000 8.4 75,000 8.1
Right Side 567 8.1 27,000 10.1 92,000 14.2 120,000 13.0
Rear 146 2.1 12,000 4.4 57,000 8.7 69,000 7.4
Noncollision 590 8.5 14,000 5.1 16,000 2.5 30,000 3.3
Other/Unknown 722 10.4 5,000 2.0 23,000 3.6 29,000 3.2
Total 6,959 100.0 269,000 100.0 651,000 100.0 927,000 100.0
Multiple-Vehicle Crashes
Front 5,979 57.0 675,000 51.8 1,498,000 48.5 2,178,000 49.5
Left Side 1,753 16.7 131,000 10.1 367,000 11.9 499,000 11.3
Right Side 1,362 13.0 121,000 9.3 342,000 11.1 465,000 10.6
Rear 1,098 10.5 374,000 28.7 878,000 28.4 1,253,000 28.5
Noncollision 29 0.3 * * * * 1,000 *
Other/Unknown 262 2.5 1,000 0.1 4,000 0.1 5,000 0.1
Total 10,483 100.0 1,302,000 100.0 3,089,000 100.0 4,402,000 100.0
All Crashes
Front 10,277 58.9 866,000 55.1 1,905,000 50.9 2,781,000 52.2
Left Side 2,389 13.7 151,000 9.6 421,000 11.3 575,000 10.8
Right Side 1,929 11.1 148,000 9.4 435,000 11.6 585,000 11.0
Rear 1,244 7.1 386,000 24.6 935,000 25.0 1,322,000 24.8
Noncollision 619 3.5 14,000 0.9 16,000 0.4 31,000 0.6
Other/Unknown 984 5.6 6,000 0.4 28,000 0.7 35,000 0.7
Total 17,442 100.0 1,571,000 100.0 3,740,000 100.0 5,328,000 100.0
Table 44
Light Trucks Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Most Harmful
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Point of Impact:
Front 5,771 34.5 431,000 42.0 940,000 36.4 1,377,000 38.0
Left Side 905 5.4 82,000 8.0 232,000 9.0 314,000 8.7
Right Side 681 4.1 78,000 7.6 255,000 9.9 333,000 9.2
Rear 844 5.0 247,000 24.0 693,000 26.9 941,000 26.0
Other/Unknown 80 0.5 * * * * 1,000 *
Subtotal 8,281 49.5 837,000 81.6 2,120,000 82.1 2,965,000 81.8
Collision with
Fixed Object 2,301 13.7 79,000 7.7 188,000 7.3 269,000 7.4
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonmotorist 2,234 13.3 41,000 4.0 2,000 0.1 45,000 1.2
Other 321 1.9 20,000 1.9 235,000 9.1 255,000 7.0
Subtotal 2,555 15.3 61,000 5.9 236,000 9.2 300,000 8.3
Noncollision 3,595 21.5 49,000 4.8 37,000 1.4 90,000 2.5
Total **16,740 100.0 1,026,000 100.0 2,582,000 100.0 3,625,000 100.0
**Includes 8 light trucks involved in fatal crashes with unknown first harmful event.

77
Table 45
Light Trucks Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity,
and Crash Type
Crash Severity

Initial Point
Front 4,268 57.8 109,000 62.3 260,000 58.9 372,000 59.9
Left Side 401 5.4 13,000 7.6 34,000 7.8 48,000 7.7
Right Side 412 5.6 16,000 8.9 66,000 14.9 81,000 13.1
Rear 110 1.5 9,000 5.1 47,000 10.7 56,000 9.0
Noncollision 1,579 21.4 25,000 14.1 24,000 5.5 50,000 8.1
Other/Unknown 617 8.4 4,000 2.0 10,000 2.2 14,000 2.2
Total 7,387 100.0 174,000 100.0 440,000 100.0 622,000 100.0
Front 6,284 67.2 436,000 51.2 948,000 44.3 1,390,000 46.3
Left Side 1,025 11.0 84,000 9.9 234,000 10.9 319,000 10.6
Right Side 798 8.5 81,000 9.6 257,000 12.0 339,000 11.3
Rear 1,001 10.7 249,000 29.2 695,000 32.5 945,000 31.5
Noncollision 34 0.4 1,000 0.1 1,000 * 1,000 *
Other/Unknown 211 2.3 1,000 0.1 6,000 0.3 7,000 0.2
Total 9,353 100.0 852,000 100.0 2,142,000 100.0 3,003,000 100.0
All Crashes
Front 10,552 63.0 544,000 53.0 1,208,000 46.8 1,762,000 48.6
Left Side 1,426 8.5 98,000 9.5 268,000 10.4 367,000 10.1
Right Side 1,210 7.2 97,000 9.4 323,000 12.5 421,000 11.6
Rear 1,111 6.6 258,000 25.1 742,000 28.8 1,001,000 27.6
Noncollision 1,613 9.6 25,000 2.5 25,000 1.0 52,000 1.4
Other/Unknown 828 4.9 4,000 0.4 16,000 0.6 21,000 0.6
Total 16,740 100.0 1,026,000 100.0 2,582,000 100.0 3,625,000 100.0
Table 46
Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Most Harmful
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Point of Impact:
Front 1,608 44.6 26,000 42.3 62,000 28.0 90,000 31.3
Left Side 266 7.4 7,000 10.9 29,000 13.1 36,000 12.5
Right Side 155 4.3 8,000 12.0 32,000 14.4 39,000 13.7
Rear 541 15.0 13,000 21.1 45,000 20.5 59,000 20.6
Other/Unknown 40 1.1 * 0.2 * 0.2 1,000 0.2
Subtotal 2,610 72.3 54,000 86.5 168,000 76.1 225,000 78.3
Collision with
Fixed Object 136 3.8 3,000 4.1 19,000 8.4 21,000 7.4
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonoccupant 380 10.5 1,000 1.5 * * 1,000 0.5
Other 75 2.1 1,000 1.3 27,000 12.4 28,000 9.9
Subtotal 455 12.6 2,000 2.8 27,000 12.4 30,000 10.3
Noncollision 405 11.2 4,000 6.6 7,000 3.1 11,000 4.0
Total **3,608 100.0 63,000 100.0 221,000 100.0 287,000 100.0
**Includes 2 large trucks involved in fatal crashes with unknown most harmful event.

79
Table 47
Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity,
and Crash Type
Crash Severity

Initial Point
Front 405 55.7 3,000 34.2 10,000 23.0 13,000 25.1
Left Side 27 3.7 * 4.0 4,000 9.0 4,000 8.2
Right Side 70 9.6 1,000 12.2 11,000 24.9 12,000 22.8
Rear 20 2.8 * 6.1 9,000 20.1 9,000 17.8
Noncollision 130 17.9 3,000 42.6 5,000 11.7 9,000 16.3
Other/Unknown 75 10.3 * 0.8 5,000 11.4 5,000 9.8
Total 727 100.0 8,000 100.0 44,000 100.0 53,000 100.0
Front 1,757 61.0 27,000 48.5 63,000 35.6 91,000 38.9
Left Side 294 10.2 7,000 12.6 29,000 16.7 37,000 15.6
Right Side 174 6.0 8,000 14.0 32,000 18.2 40,000 17.1
Rear 566 19.6 13,000 24.3 46,000 25.8 59,000 25.4
Noncollision 23 0.8 * 0.3 1,000 0.6 1,000 0.5
Other/Unknown 67 2.3 * 0.3 6,000 3.2 6,000 2.5
Total 2,881 100.0 55,000 100.0 177,000 100.0 235,000 100.0
All Crashes
Front 2,162 59.9 29,000 46.8 73,000 33.1 105,000 36.4
Left Side 321 8.9 7,000 11.5 33,000 15.1 41,000 14.3
Right Side 244 6.8 9,000 13.8 43,000 19.6 52,000 18.1
Rear 586 16.2 14,000 22.1 55,000 24.6 69,000 24.0
Noncollision 153 4.2 3,000 5.5 6,000 2.8 10,000 3.4
Other/Unknown 142 3.9 * 0.4 11,000 4.8 11,000 3.8
Total 3,608 100.0 63,000 100.0 221,000 100.0 287,000 100.0
*Less than 500.
Table 48
Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Truck Type, Rollover Occurrence,
and Crash Severity
Rollover Occurrence
Yes No Total
Truck Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Fatal Crashes
Single-Unit Truck 171 16.3 879 83.7 1,050 100.0
Combination Truck 319 12.5 2,239 87.5 2,558 100.0
Total 490 13.6 3,118 86.4 3,608 100.0
Injury Crashes
Single-Unit Truck 2,000 6.2 28,000 93.8 30,000 100.0
Combination Truck 3,000 9.0 30,000 91.0 33,000 100.0
Total 5,000 7.7 58,000 92.3 63,000 100.0
Total 4,000 1.9 217,000 98.1 221,000 100.0
All Crashes
Total 9,000 3.3 278,000 96.7 287,000 100.0

81
Table 49
Truck Tractors with Trailers Involved in Crashes by Number of Trailers,
Jackknife Occurrence, and Crash Severity
Jackknife Occurrence
Yes No Total
Number of Trailers Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Fatal Crashes
One 114 5.1 2,126 94.9 2,240 100.0
Two or More 11 10.4 95 89.6 106 100.0
Total 125 5.3 2,221 94.7 2,346 100.0
Injury Crashes
One 1,000 3.5 26,000 96.5 27,000 100.0
Two or More * 2.3 * 97.7 1,000 100.0
Unknown Number * * * 100.0 * 100.0
Total 1,000 3.5 26,000 96.5 27,000 100.0
One 1,000 1.5 87,000 98.5 88,000 100.0
Two or More * 6.6 3,000 93.4 3,000 100.0
Unknown Number * * * 100.0 * 100.0
Total 2,000 1.7 91,000 98.3 92,000 100.0
All Crashes
One 2,000 2.0 115,000 98.0 117,000 100.0
Two or More * 6.2 4,000 93.8 4,000 100.0
Unknown Number * * * 100.0 * 100.0
Total 3,000 2.1 119,000 97.9 122,000 100.0
Table 50
Motorcycles Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Most Harmful
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Point of Impact:
Front 1,696 35.7 22,000 28.6 7,000 35.9 30,000 30.3
Left Side 175 3.7 6,000 8.1 2,000 9.9 8,000 8.2
Right Side 134 2.8 3,000 3.4 2,000 12.1 5,000 5.0
Rear 164 3.5 6,000 7.4 2,000 9.9 8,000 7.7
Other/Unknown 166 3.5 1,000 0.9 * * 1,000 0.9
Subtotal 2,335 49.2 37,000 48.4 12,000 67.8 52,000 52.0
Collision with
Fixed Object 1,247 26.3 9,000 11.6 2,000 10.4 12,000 12.1
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonmotorist 36 0.8 1,000 1.0 * * 1,000 0.8
Other 193 4.1 3,000 3.5 2,000 13.7 5,000 5.4
Subtotal 229 4.8 3,000 4.5 2,000 13.7 6,000 6.2
Noncollision 933 19.6 27,000 35.5 1,000 8.1 30,000 29.8
Total **4,749 100.0 77,000 100.0 18,000 100.0 100,000 100.0
**Includes 5 motorcycles involved in fatal crashes with unknown most harmful event.

83
Table 51
Motorcycles Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity,
and Crash Type
Crash Severity

Initial Point
Front 991 46.9 8,000 22.3 3,000 48.3 12,000 26.8
Left Side 89 4.2 1,000 3.2 * 2.9 1,000 3.2
Right Side 106 5.0 2,000 4.6 * 8.1 2,000 5.0
Rear 16 0.8 1,000 1.8 1,000 11.5 1,000 3.0
Noncollision 626 29.6 25,000 66.9 2,000 29.2 28,000 60.3
Other/Unknown 287 13.6 * 1.2 * * 1,000 1.6
Total 2,115 100.0 38,000 100.0 6,000 100.0 46,000 100.0
Front 1,784 67.7 22,000 57.0 7,000 53.0 30,000 56.6
Left Side 190 7.2 6,000 16.1 2,000 14.6 8,000 15.3
Right Side 145 5.5 3,000 6.8 2,000 17.8 5,000 9.2
Rear 176 6.7 6,000 14.7 2,000 14.7 8,000 14.3
Noncollision 242 9.2 2,000 5.2 * * 2,000 4.2
Other/Unknown 97 3.7 * 0.3 * * * 0.4
Total 2,634 100.0 39,000 100.0 12,000 100.0 54,000 100.0
All Crashes
Front 2,775 58.4 31,000 39.9 9,000 51.5 43,000 42.9
Left Side 279 5.9 7,000 9.8 2,000 10.8 10,000 9.8
Right Side 251 5.3 4,000 5.7 3,000 14.7 7,000 7.3
Rear 192 4.0 6,000 8.3 2,000 13.6 9,000 9.1
Noncollision 868 18.3 27,000 35.6 2,000 9.4 30,000 30.0
Other/Unknown 384 8.1 1,000 0.7 * * 1,000 1.0
Total 4,749 100.0 77,000 100.0 18,000 100.0 100,000 100.0
Table 52
Buses Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Most Harmful
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Point of Impact:
Front 76 31.1 6,000 42.8 11,000 25.1 17,000 29.3
Left Side 13 5.3 1,000 6.9 7,000 16.1 8,000 13.9
Right Side 10 4.1 1,000 9.9 6,000 14.3 8,000 13.3
Rear 37 15.2 3,000 23.2 13,000 29.1 16,000 27.7
Other/Unknown 4 1.6 * * * * * *
Subtotal 140 57.4 11,000 82.8 37,000 84.7 48,000 84.1
Collision with
Fixed Object 7 2.9 * 2.5 1,000 3.0 2,000 2.9
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonoccupant 77 31.6 1,000 10.5 * * 1,000 2.6
Other 3 1.2 * 3.5 5,000 12.3 6,000 10.2
Subtotal 80 32.8 2,000 14.0 5,000 12.3 7,000 12.8
Noncollision 16 6.6 * 0.7 * * * 0.2
Total **244 100.0 13,000 100.0 44,000 100.0 57,000 100.0
**Includes 1 bus involved in a fatal crash with unknown most harmful event.

85
Table 53
Buses Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type
Crash Severity

Initial Point
Front 51 58.0 1,000 56.1 1,000 9.9 2,000 22.2
Left Side 3 3.4 * 1.9 * 3.7 * 3.3
Right Side 12 13.6 * 17.0 4,000 53.4 4,000 43.7
Rear 3 3.4 * 21.4 2,000 33.0 3,000 29.7
Noncollision 7 8.0 * 2.1 * * * 0.6
Other/Unknown 12 13.6 * 1.6 * * * 0.5
Total 88 100.0 2,000 100.0 7,000 100.0 9,000 100.0
Front 83 53.2 6,000 51.7 11,000 29.9 17,000 35.0
Left Side 16 10.3 1,000 8.4 7,000 19.0 8,000 16.5
Right Side 11 7.1 1,000 12.0 6,000 16.9 8,000 15.7
Rear 39 25.0 3,000 28.0 13,000 34.3 16,000 32.8
Noncollision 1 0.6 * * * * * *
Other/Unknown 6 3.8 * * * * * *
Total 156 100.0 11,000 100.0 37,000 100.0 48,000 100.0
All Crashes
Front 134 54.9 7,000 52.4 12,000 26.9 19,000 33.0
Left Side 19 7.8 1,000 7.2 7,000 16.7 8,000 14.4
Right Side 23 9.4 2,000 12.9 10,000 22.4 12,000 20.1
Rear 42 17.2 4,000 26.9 15,000 34.1 19,000 32.3
Noncollision 8 3.3 * 0.4 * * * 0.1
Other/Unknown 18 7.4 * 0.3 * * * 0.1
Total 244 100.0 13,000 100.0 44,000 100.0 57,000 100.0
Chapter 4
PEOPLE
CHAPTER 4 � PEOPLE
T his chapter presents statistics about the Drivers, Passengers, Pedestrians, and Pedalcyclists involved in
police-reported motor vehicle crashes in 2011. The tables and figures are presented in nine groups: all killed or
injured persons, crash-involved drivers, occupants (drivers and passengers), alcohol, restraints, motorcycle related,
school bus related, pedestrians, and pedalcyclists. Below are some of the statistics you will find in this section:
O A total of 32,367 people lost their lives in motor vehicle crashes in 2011. Another 2.22 million people were
injured.
O The majority of persons killed or injured in traffic crashes were drivers (64 percent), followed by passengers
(27 percent), motorcyclists (4 percent), pedestrians (3 percent), and pedalcyclists (2 percent).
O Per 100,000 population, persons 21 to 24 years old had the highest fatality rate, and persons 16 to 20 years old
and 21 to 24 years old had the highest injury rate. Children 5 to 9 years old had the lowest fatality rate, and
children under 5 years old had the lowest injury rate per 100,000 population.
O For every age group, the fatality rate per 100,000 population was lower for females than for males. The injury
rate based on population was higher for females than for males in every age group, except for people under
5 years old and people over 74 years old.
O Of the persons who were killed in traffic crashes in 2011, 31 percent died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes.

89
Chapter 4 � People
Table 54
Persons Killed or Injured, by Person Type and Injury Severity
Persons Injured by Injury Severity
Persons Total Killed
Person Type Killed Incapacitating Nonincapacitating Other Total Injured or Injured
Vehicle Occupants
Driver 16,430 93,000 404,000 919,000 1,416,000 1,432,000
Passenger 5,953 35,000 152,000 407,000 593,000 599,000
Unknown Occupant 65 * * * 1,000 1,000
Subtotal 22,448 128,000 556,000 1,326,000 2,010,000 2,032,000
Motorcyclists 4,612 20,000 39,000 22,000 81,000 86,000
Nonoccupants
Pedestrian 4,432 12,000 24,000 33,000 69,000 73,000
Pedalcyclist 677 6,000 22,000 21,000 48,000 49,000
Other/Unknown 198 1,000 3,000 5,000 9,000 9,000
Subtotal 5,307 19,000 49,000 58,000 126,000 131,000
Total 32,367 167,000 643,000 1,407,000 2,217,000 2,249,000
*Less than 500.
Table 55
Persons Killed or Injured, by Age and Injury Severity
Age Persons Total Killed
(Years) Killed Incapacitating Nonincapacitating Other Total Injured or Injured
<5 360 2,000 10,000 36,000 48,000 49,000
5-9 344 4,000 15,000 36,000 56,000 56,000
10-15 637 5,000 28,000 56,000 89,000 89,000
16-20 3,410 23,000 103,000 169,000 296,000 299,000
21-24 3,282 18,000 72,000 142,000 232,000 235,000
25-34 5,497 34,000 123,000 261,000 418,000 423,000
35-44 4,323 23,000 87,000 222,000 332,000 337,000
45-54 5,077 25,000 90,000 210,000 325,000 330,000
55-64 3,976 19,000 57,000 160,000 236,000 240,000
65-74 2,531 9,000 32,000 68,000 109,000 111,000
>74 2,870 5,000 25,000 46,000 77,000 79,000
Total *32,367 167,000 643,000 1,407,000 2,217,000 2,249,000
*Includes 60 fatalities of unknown age.
Table 56
Persons Killed or Injured, by Sex and Injury Severity
Persons Total Killed
Sex Killed Incapacitating Nonincapacitating Other Total Injured or Injured
Male 22,860 92,000 334,000 629,000 1,055,000 1,078,000
Female 9,499 75,000 309,000 778,000 1,162,000 1,171,000
Total *32,367 167,000 643,000 1,407,000 2,217,000 2,249,000
*Includes 8 fatalities of unknown sex.
Figure 17
Percent of Persons Killed or Injured, by Age
Percent Killed or Injured

20
Killed Injured
15
10
0
<5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74
Age (Years)

91
Table 57
Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex
Male Female Total
Age Population Population Population

(Years) Killed (Thousands) Rate Killed (Thousands) Rate Killed (Thousands) Rate
<5 190 10,300 1.84 170 9,863 1.72 360 20,162 1.79
5-9 184 10,384 1.77 160 9,950 1.61 344 20,334 1.69
10-15 383 12,717 3.01 254 12,145 2.09 637 24,862 2.56
16-20 2,302 11,339 20.30 1,106 10,745 10.29 3,410 22,083 15.44
21-24 2,495 8,963 27.84 787 8,594 9.16 3,282 17,558 18.69
25-34 4,105 21,044 19.51 1,391 20,746 6.70 5,497 41,790 13.15
35-44 3,166 20,223 15.66 1,157 20,404 5.67 4,323 40,628 10.64
45-54 3,777 22,019 17.15 1,300 22,699 5.73 5,077 44,718 11.35
55-64 2,958 18,358 16.11 1,018 19,704 5.17 3,976 38,062 10.45
65-74 1,626 10,476 15.52 905 12,005 7.54 2,531 22,482 11.26
>74 1,635 7,467 21.90 1,235 11,445 10.79 2,870 18,912 15.18
Unknown 39 * * 16 * * 60 * *
Total 22,860 153,291 14.91 9,499 158,301 6.00 **32,367 311,592 10.39
Male Female Total

(Years) Injured (Thousands) Rate Injured (Thousands) Rate Injured (Thousands) Rate
<5 27,000 10,300 258 22,000 9,863 221 48,000 20,162 240
5-9 28,000 10,384 266 28,000 9,950 281 56,000 20,334 273
10-15 43,000 12,717 335 46,000 12,145 381 89,000 24,862 357
16-20 140,000 11,339 1,238 155,000 10,745 1,447 296,000 22,083 1,340
21-24 111,000 8,963 1,238 121,000 8,594 1,404 232,000 17,558 1,319
25-34 202,000 21,044 962 215,000 20,746 1,038 418,000 41,790 1,000
35-44 160,000 20,223 790 172,000 20,404 845 332,000 40,628 818
45-54 153,000 22,019 696 172,000 22,699 759 325,000 44,718 728
55-64 111,000 18,358 605 125,000 19,704 636 236,000 38,062 621
65-74 48,000 10,476 463 60,000 12,005 500 109,000 22,482 483
>74 32,000 7,467 432 44,000 11,445 387 77,000 18,912 405
Total 1,055,000 153,291 688 1,162,000 158,301 734 2,217,000 311,592 711
*Not applicable.
**Includes 8 fatalities of unknown sex.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Population—Bureau of the Census.
Figure 18
Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population, by Age and Sex
Male Female
40
Fatality Rates
35
30
25
20
15
10

2,000
Injury Rates
1,750
1,500
1,250
1,000
750
500
250
0
<5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74
Age (Years)

93
Table 58
Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Weather Condition and Light Condition
Light Condition
Weather
Condition Daylight Dark, But Lighted Dark Dawn or Dusk Other/Unknown Total
Persons Killed
Normal 14,299 5,195 8,099 1,131 49 28,773
Rain 1,047 437 652 83 4 2,223
Snow/Sleet 327 80 219 25 3 654
Other 127 63 206 43 2 441
Unknown 82 19 96 4 75 276
Total 15,882 5,794 9,272 1,286 133 32,367
Persons Injured
Normal 1,378,000 325,000 173,000 65,000 * 1,940,000
Rain 130,000 43,000 26,000 8,000 * 207,000
Snow/Sleet 29,000 11,000 12,000 2,000 * 55,000
Other 8,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 * 15,000
Total 1,545,000 381,000 215,000 76,000 * 2,217,000
*Less than 500.
Table 59
Persons Killed in Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities,
by Time of Day and Crash Type
Crash Type
Alcohol-Impaired Driving* Alcohol-Impaired Driving* Alcohol-Impaired Driving*
Time of Day Number Number Percent Number Number Percent Number Number Percent
Midnight to 3 am 3,155 2,064 65 967 618 64 4,122 2,682 65
3 am to 6 am 1,908 967 51 772 364 47 2,680 1,331 50
6 am to 9 am 1,747 331 19 1,414 152 11 3,161 483 15
9 am to Noon 1,411 134 9 1,678 109 6 3,089 242 8
Noon to 3 pm 1,959 265 14 2,397 184 8 4,356 449 10
3 pm to 6 pm 2,455 535 22 2,732 412 15 5,187 947 18
6 pm to 9 pm 3,190 1,026 32 1,896 579 31 5,086 1,605 32
9 pm to Midnight 3,058 1,374 45 1,403 666 47 4,461 2,039 46
Unknown 209 93 44 16 9 54 225 101 45
Total 19,092 6,787 36 13,275 3,091 23 32,367 9,878 31
greater. NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.
Figure 19
Percent of Persons Killed in Alcohol-Impaired Driving Crashes, by Time of Day
Percent Alcohol-Impaired*
80
Multiple Vehicle Single Vehicle
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
9 am to Noon to 3 pm to 6 pm to 9 pm to Midnight to 3 am to 6 am to
Noon 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm Midnight 3 am 6 am 9 am
*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per
deciliter (g/dL) or greater. NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more
information, see page 7 of this report.

95
Table 60
Persons Killed in Work Zones, by Roadway Function Class and Person Type
Person Type
Other
Roadway Function Class Driver* Passenger** Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Nonoccupant Total
Principal Arterial
Interstate 125 54 32 0 0 211
Freeway/Expressway 28 8 6 0 0 42
Other 87 39 32 2 2 162
Minor Arterial 49 12 15 3 0 79
Collector 18 6 6 1 0 31
Local Road or Street 32 12 9 1 0 54
Unknown 4 3 1 0 0 8
Total 343 134 101 7 2 587
*Includes motorcycle riders.
**Includes motorcycle passengers.
Table 61
Persons Killed in Crashes Involving Emergency Vehicles, by Person Type, Crash Type,
and Vehicle Type
Crash Type
Person Type Total In Emergency Use* Total In Emergency Use* Total In Emergency Use*
Ambulance
Ambulance Driver 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ambulance Passenger 2 1 2 1 4 2
Occupant of Other Vehicle 0 0 13 6 13 6
Pedestrian 2 1 2 0 4 1
Pedalcyclist 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4 2 17 7 21 9
Fire Truck
Fire Truck Driver 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fire Truck Passenger 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 6 4 6 4
Police Vehicle
Police Vehicle Driver 8 5 14 7 22 12
Police Vehicle Passenger 0 0 2 0 2 0
Total 17 8 64 30 81 38
*Refers to a vehicle traveling with physical emergency signals in use (red lights blinking, sirens sounding, etc.).
Figure 20
Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by First Harmful Event
and Manner of Collision
Fatality Rate per 1,000 Crashes
50
40
30
20
10
Injury Rate per 1,000 Crashes

1,000
800
600
400
200
0
Collision: Collision: Collision: Collision: Collision: Noncollision Collision:
Rear End Sideswipe Angle Object Fixed Head On
Not Fixed Object
First Harmful Event

97
Figure 21
Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by Time of Day
Fatality Rate per 1,000 Crashes
20
16
12
Injury Rate per 1,000 Crashes

500
400
300
200
100
0
6 am to 9 am to Noon to 3 pm to 6 pm to 9 pm to Midnight to 3 am to
9 am Noon 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm Midnight 3 am 6 am
Time of Day
Table 62
Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers, by Age, Sex, and Crash Severity
Sex
Age Male Female Total

(Years) Drivers Involvement Rate Drivers Involvement Rate Drivers Involvement Rate
<16 86 * 29 * 115 *
16-20 2,995 47.81 1,296 21.54 4,292 34.95
21-24 3,351 46.70 1,113 15.70 4,465 31.30
25-34 6,326 34.56 2,191 11.79 8,517 23.09
35-44 5,266 28.64 1,791 9.65 7,058 19.11
45-54 5,712 27.97 1,781 8.58 7,493 18.20
55-64 4,242 24.32 1,300 7.24 5,542 15.66
65-74 2,105 20.90 842 8.06 2,947 14.37
>74 1,664 25.02 858 11.59 2,522 17.95
Unknown 62 * 8 * 717 *
Total 31,809 30.32 11,209 10.48 **43,668 20.61
<16 3,000 * 4,000 * 7,000 *
16-20 182,000 2,905 161,000 2,678 343,000 2,794
21-24 154,000 2,151 144,000 2,032 298,000 2,092
25-34 316,000 1,725 269,000 1,450 585,000 1,586
35-44 270,000 1,471 220,000 1,184 490,000 1,327
45-54 255,000 1,250 193,000 932 449,000 1,090
55-64 185,000 1,062 146,000 813 331,000 935
65-74 86,000 851 65,000 624 151,000 735
>74 54,000 819 41,000 559 96,000 682
Total 1,507,000 1,436 1,244,000 1,163 2,750,000 1,298
<16 6,000 * 3,000 * 9,000 *
16-20 472,000 7,528 400,000 6,643 871,000 7,094
21-24 409,000 5,695 339,000 4,776 747,000 5,238
25-34 732,000 3,998 618,000 3,327 1,350,000 3,660
35-44 685,000 3,726 552,000 2,975 1,237,000 3,349
45-54 599,000 2,934 445,000 2,147 1,045,000 2,537
55-64 451,000 2,585 318,000 1,771 769,000 2,172
65-74 203,000 2,019 148,000 1,422 352,000 1,715
>74 118,000 1,781 97,000 1,312 216,000 1,534
Total 3,675,000 3,503 2,921,000 2,730 6,596,000 3,113
Drivers in All Crashes
<16 10,000 * 7,000 * 16,000 *
16-20 657,000 10,481 562,000 9,342 1,219,000 9,923
21-24 566,000 7,893 484,000 6,823 1,050,000 7,361
25-34 1,054,000 5,758 890,000 4,788 1,944,000 5,269
35-44 961,000 5,225 774,000 4,169 1,734,000 4,695
45-54 860,000 4,211 641,000 3,088 1,501,000 3,645
55-64 640,000 3,671 465,000 2,591 1,106,000 3,123
65-74 291,000 2,891 214,000 2,054 506,000 2,465
>74 175,000 2,625 139,000 1,883 314,000 2,234
Unknown *** * *** * 1,000 *
Total 5,213,000 4,970 4,176,000 3,904 9,390,000 4,432
*Not applicable.
**Includes 650 drivers of unknown sex.
***Less than 500.
Notes: Drivers include motorcycle riders. Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver
counts.
Source: Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration.

99
Figure 22
Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers, by Age, Sex, and Crash Severity
Sex:
Male Female
Driver Involvement Rate
80
Fatal Crashes
60
40
20
4,000
Injury Crashes
3,000
2,000
1,000
12,000
Property Damage Only
9,000
6,000
3,000
0
16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74
Age (Years)
Table 63
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes,
by Previous Driving Record and License Type Compliance
Valid License (37,275) Invalid License (5,374) Total (42,649)
Previous Convictions Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Previous Recorded Crashes 4,428 11.9 625 11.6 5,053 11.8

Previous Recorded Suspensions or Revocations 3,606 9.7 2,573 47.9 6,179 14.5
Previous DWI Convictions 612 1.6 575 10.7 1,187 2.8
Previous Speeding Convictions 6,724 18.0 964 17.9 7,688 18.0
Previous Other Harmful Moving Convictions 6,265 16.8 1,419 26.4 7,684 18.0
Drivers with No Previous Convictions 22,849 61.3 2,270 42.2 25,119 58.9
Notes: Table does not include 1,019 drivers with unknown license status. FARS records prior driving records (convictions
only, not violations) for events occurring within 3 years of the date of the crash. The same driver can have one or more of
these convictions. License type compliance refers to the type of drivers license possessed or not possessed by the driver for
the class of vehicle being driven at the time of the crash.
Table 64
Related Factors for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes
Factors Number Percent
Driving too fast for conditions or in excess of posted speed limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,080 20.8
Under the influence of alcohol, drugs or medication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,042 13.8
Failure to keep in proper lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,039 9.2
Failure to yield right of way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,148 7.2
Distracted (phone, talking, eating, object, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085 7.1
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, or negligent manner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,604 6.0
Overcorrecting/oversteering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,080 4.8
Failure to obey traffic signs, signals, or officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,826 4.2
Swerving or avoiding due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, nonmotorist in roadway, etc.. . 1,741 4.0
Vision obscured (rain, snow, glare, lights, building, trees, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301 3.0
Drowsy, asleep, fatigued, ill, or blackout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,152 2.6
Driving wrong way on one-way trafficway or on wrong side of road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082 2.5
Making improper turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,015 2.3
Other factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,562 15.0
None reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,012 29.8
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,569 10.5
Total Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,668 100.0
Notes: The sum of the numbers and percentages is greater than total drivers as more than one factor may be present for the
same driver. For important information on this table see “Changes from Previous Traffic Safety Facts Reports” on page 8.

101
Table 65
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type, Person Type, and Injury Severity
Occupants Injured by Injury Severity
Vehicle and Occupants Total Killed
Person Type Killed Incapacitating Nonincapacitating Other Total Injured or Injured
Passenger Car
Drivers 8,722 55,000 254,000 586,000 894,000 903,000
Passengers 3,240 20,000 87,000 238,000 345,000 348,000
Unknown 19 * * * * 1,000
Subtotal 11,981 75,000 341,000 824,000 1,240,000 1,252,000
Light Truck
Drivers 6,728 35,000 142,000 322,000 499,000 505,000
Passengers 2,520 14,000 60,000 156,000 230,000 232,000
Unknown 24 * * * * *
Subtotal 9,272 48,000 203,000 477,000 728,000 738,000
Large Truck
Drivers 547 2,000 6,000 10,000 17,000 18,000
Passengers 87 * 2,000 3,000 5,000 5,000
Unknown 1 * * * * *
Subtotal 635 2,000 7,000 13,000 23,000 23,000
Bus 54 1,000 3,000 10,000 13,000 13,000
Other/Unknown 506 2,000 2,000 2,000 6,000 6,000
Subtotal** 22,448 128,000 556,000 1,326,000 2,010,000 2,032,000
Motorcycle
Riders 4,323 19,000 36,000 20,000 75,000 79,000
Passengers 284 2,000 3,000 2,000 7,000 7,000
Unknown 5 * * * * *
Subtotal 4,612 20,000 39,000 22,000 81,000 86,000
Total 27,060 148,000 594,000 1,349,000 2,091,000 2,118,000

*Less than 500.
**Excluding motorcycles.
Table 66
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Crash Type
Crash Type

Speed Limit Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Persons Killed
30 mph or less 1,570 11.0 876 6.8 2,446 9.0
35 or 40 mph 2,275 15.9 2,007 15.7 4,282 15.8
45 or 50 mph 2,379 16.7 2,534 19.8 4,913 18.2
55 mph 4,474 31.4 3,856 30.1 8,330 30.8
60 mph or higher 3,091 21.7 2,899 22.7 5,990 22.1
No Statutory Limit 49 0.3 81 0.6 130 0.5
Unknown 426 3.0 543 4.2 969 3.6
Total 14,264 100.0 12,796 100.0 27,060 100.0
Persons Injured
30 mph or less 87,000 18.7 235,000 14.4 322,000 15.4
35 or 40 mph 81,000 17.5 502,000 30.8 582,000 27.9
45 or 50 mph 63,000 13.7 336,000 20.6 399,000 19.1
55 mph 98,000 21.2 159,000 9.7 257,000 12.3
60 mph or higher 71,000 15.4 131,000 8.0 201,000 9.6
Unknown 59,000 12.8 242,000 14.8 301,000 14.4
Total 462,000 100.0 1,629,000 100.0 2,091,000 100.0

103
Table 67
Vehicle Occupants Killed in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Land Use
Land Use
Rural Urban Unknown Total
Speed Limit Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
30 mph or less 781 31.9 1,643 67.2 22 0.9 2,446 100.0
35 or 40 mph 1,606 37.5 2,660 62.1 16 0.4 4,282 100.0
45 or 50 mph 2,566 52.2 2,322 47.3 25 0.5 4,913 100.0
55 mph 6,738 80.9 1,554 18.7 38 0.5 8,330 100.0
60 mph or higher 4,096 68.4 1,886 31.5 8 0.1 5,990 100.0
No Statutory Limit 68 52.3 62 47.7 0 0.0 130 100.0
Unknown 457 47.2 502 51.8 10 1.0 969 100.0
Total 16,312 60.3 10,629 39.3 119 0.4 27,060 100.0
Figure 23
Percent of Vehicle Occupants Killed, by Speed Limit and Land Use
Percent of Vehicle Occupants Killed
50
Land Use:
Rural Urban
40
30
20
10
0
30 mph or Less 35 or 40 mph 45 or 50 mph 55 mph 60 mph or Higher
Speed Limit
Table 68
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Sex and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type
Passenger Light Large Other/

Sex Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Total
Occupants Killed
Male 7,199 6,612 603 31 427 14,872 4,181 19,053
Female 4,778 2,657 32 23 79 7,569 431 8,000
Unknown 4 3 0 0 0 7 0 7
Total 11,981 9,272 635 54 506 22,448 4,612 27,060
Occupants Injured
Male 507,000 368,000 20,000 6,000 4,000 904,000 71,000 975,000
Female 733,000 361,000 3,000 7,000 2,000 1,106,000 11,000 1,116,000
Total 1,240,000 728,000 23,000 13,000 6,000 2,010,000 81,000 2,091,000

105
Table 69
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type
Age Passenger Light Large Other/

(Years) Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Total
Occupants Killed
<5 156 118 1 0 3 278 0 278
5-9 106 134 0 1 5 246 2 248
10-15 216 189 1 2 27 435 16 451
16-20 1,830 967 11 1 55 2,864 224 3,088
21-24 1,540 846 30 4 46 2,466 450 2,916
25-34 2,095 1,602 67 3 87 3,854 936 4,790
35-44 1,251 1,316 134 7 81 2,789 878 3,667
45-54 1,257 1,444 191 11 73 2,976 1,022 3,998
55-64 1,037 1,151 144 8 54 2,394 782 3,176
65-74 912 810 42 7 41 1,812 231 2,043
>74 1,561 687 14 8 34 2,304 70 2,374
Unknown 20 8 0 2 0 30 1 31
Total 11,981 9,272 635 54 506 22,448 4,612 27,060
Occupants Injured
<5 28,000 17,000 * 1,000 * 46,000 * 46,000
5-9 23,000 24,000 * 1,000 * 49,000 * 49,000
10-15 39,000 31,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 74,000 1,000 74,000
16-20 185,000 84,000 1,000 1,000 * 271,000 5,000 277,000
21-24 154,000 56,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 213,000 8,000 220,000
25-34 241,000 131,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 380,000 20,000 400,000
35-44 170,000 126,000 6,000 1,000 1,000 303,000 16,000 319,000
45-54 164,000 119,000 5,000 3,000 1,000 290,000 18,000 308,000
55-64 120,000 86,000 3,000 1,000 * 210,000 12,000 222,000
65-74 63,000 36,000 1,000 * 1,000 100,000 3,000 102,000
>74 53,000 18,000 * * * 72,000 * 73,000
Total 1,240,000 728,000 23,000 13,000 6,000 2,010,000 81,000 2,091,000
*Less than 500.
Table 70
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age, Person Type, and Sex
Person Type
Drivers Passengers
Sex Sex
Male Female Total Male Female Total

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Occupants Killed
<5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 142 51.1 136 48.9 278 100.0
5-9 4 100.0 0 0.0 4 100.0 124 50.8 120 49.2 244 100.0
10-15 46 78.0 13 22.0 59 100.0 211 53.8 181 46.2 392 100.0
16-20 1,408 71.7 556 28.3 1,964 100.0 662 58.9 460 40.9 1,124 100.0
21-24 1,725 78.7 466 21.3 2,191 100.0 492 67.9 233 32.1 725 100.0
25-34 3,059 79.0 811 21.0 3,870 100.0 548 59.6 371 40.3 920 100.0
35-44 2,413 78.0 682 22.0 3,095 100.0 277 48.4 295 51.6 572 100.0
45-54 2,724 79.5 702 20.5 3,426 100.0 242 42.3 330 57.7 572 100.0
55-64 2,166 79.3 564 20.7 2,730 100.0 177 39.7 269 60.3 446 100.0
65-74 1,174 70.3 495 29.7 1,669 100.0 117 31.3 257 68.7 374 100.0
>74 1,142 65.9 591 34.1 1,733 100.0 184 28.7 457 71.3 641 100.0
Unknown 7 58.3 1 8.3 12 100.0 9 47.4 10 52.6 19 100.0
Total 15,868 76.5 4,881 23.5 *20,753 100.0 3,185 50.5 3,119 49.5 **6,307 100.0
Occupants Injured
<5 *** *** *** *** *** *** 25,000 54.5 21,000 45.5 46,000 100.0
5-9 *** 80.4 *** 19.6 *** 100.0 23,000 47.3 26,000 52.7 49,000 100.0
10-15 2,000 50.2 2,000 49.8 3,000 100.0 31,000 43.7 40,000 56.3 71,000 100.0
16-20 90,000 50.6 88,000 49.4 178,000 100.0 38,000 38.8 60,000 61.2 98,000 100.0
21-24 78,000 48.0 85,000 52.0 163,000 100.0 25,000 43.7 32,000 56.3 57,000 100.0
25-34 155,000 49.1 161,000 50.9 316,000 100.0 36,000 43.2 48,000 56.8 84,000 100.0
35-44 129,000 49.3 133,000 50.7 262,000 100.0 21,000 36.6 36,000 63.4 57,000 100.0
45-54 127,000 50.0 127,000 50.0 254,000 100.0 16,000 29.2 38,000 70.8 54,000 100.0
55-64 92,000 50.6 90,000 49.4 182,000 100.0 11,000 26.9 29,000 73.1 40,000 100.0
65-74 39,000 49.4 40,000 50.6 79,000 100.0 6,000 24.6 17,000 75.4 23,000 100.0
>74 25,000 49.0 26,000 51.0 52,000 100.0 4,000 20.9 16,000 79.1 21,000 100.0
Total 738,000 49.5 752,000 50.5 1,490,000 100.0 236,000 39.4 364,000 60.6 601,000 100.0
*Includes 4 drivers of unknown sex.
**Includes 3 passengers of unknown sex.
***Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.
Note: Drivers include motorcycle riders; passengers include motorcycle passengers.

107
Table 71
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type and Most Harmful Event
Most Harmful Event
Collision with
Motor Vehicle
in Transport Object Not Fixed Fixed Object Noncollision Total
Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Occupants Killed
Passenger Car 5,977 49.9 247 2.1 3,490 29.1 2,254 18.8 11,981 100.0
Light Truck 2,920 31.5 173 1.9 2,399 25.9 3,771 40.7 9,272 100.0
Large Truck 139 21.9 21 3.3 136 21.4 338 53.2 635 100.0
Bus 11 20.4 0 0.0 7 13.0 35 64.8 54 100.0
Other/Unknown 128 25.3 11 2.2 128 25.3 218 43.1 506 100.0
Subtotal 9,175 40.9 452 2.0 6,160 27.4 6,616 29.5 22,448 100.0
Motorcycle 2,243 48.6 188 4.1 1,270 27.5 906 19.6 4,612 100.0
Total 11,418 42.2 640 2.4 7,430 27.5 7,522 27.8 *27,060 100.0
Occupants Injured
Passenger Car 984,000 79.4 41,000 3.3 172,000 13.9 43,000 3.5 1,240,000 100.0
Light Truck 545,000 74.8 21,000 2.9 92,000 12.6 70,000 9.7 728,000 100.0
Large Truck 15,000 65.7 1,000 3.4 3,000 11.3 4,000 19.7 23,000 100.0
Bus 12,000 89.3 1,000 5.3 ** 3.6 ** 1.8 13,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 34.9 ** 1.6 1,000 15.2 3,000 48.3 6,000 100.0
Subtotal 1,558,000 77.5 63,000 3.1 268,000 13.3 121,000 6.0 2,010,000 100.0
Motorcycle 40,000 48.8 3,000 4.0 10,000 11.7 29,000 35.6 81,000 100.0
Total 1,597,000 76.4 66,000 3.2 277,000 13.3 150,000 7.2 2,091,000 100.0
*Includes 50 fatalities with unknown most harmful event.
**Less than 500.
Table 72
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Initial Point of Impact and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type
Initial Point Passenger Light Large Other/

of Impact Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Total
Occupants Killed
Front 6,058 4,712 363 19 204 11,356 2,737 14,093
Left Side 2,070 942 36 2 29 3,079 261 3,340
Right Side 1,678 832 38 17 22 2,587 243 2,830
Rear 710 403 15 4 40 1,172 153 1,325
Other 464 292 18 1 11 786 133 919
Noncollision 675 1,768 141 9 151 2,744 851 3,595
Unknown 326 323 24 2 49 724 234 958
Total 11,981 9,272 635 54 506 22,448 4,612 27,060
Occupants Injured
Front 618,000 331,000 10,000 6,000 2,000 968,000 33,000 1,001,000
Left Side 136,000 78,000 3,000 1,000 * 218,000 8,000 226,000
Right Side 123,000 71,000 2,000 1,000 * 197,000 5,000 202,000
Rear 339,000 206,000 4,000 5,000 * 554,000 6,000 561,000
Other 5,000 4,000 * * * 9,000 1,000 10,000
Noncollision 18,000 39,000 4,000 * 3,000 63,000 29,000 92,000
Total 1,240,000 728,000 23,000 13,000 6,000 2,010,000 81,000 2,091,000
*Less than 500.

109
Table 73
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type and Ejection
Ejected* Not Ejected Unknown Total
Occupants Killed
Passenger Car 2,253 18.8 9,701 81.0 27 0.2 11,981 100.0
Light Truck 3,238 34.9 6,006 64.8 28 0.3 9,272 100.0
Large Truck 157 24.7 475 74.8 3 0.5 635 100.0
Bus 9 16.7 45 83.3 0 0.0 54 100.0
Other/Unknown 294 58.1 203 40.1 9 1.8 506 100.0
Total** 5,951 26.5 16,430 73.2 67 0.3 22,448 100.0
Occupants Injured
Passenger Car 4,000 0.3 1,236,000 99.7 **** **** 1,240,000 100.0
Light Truck 7,000 0.9 722,000 99.1 **** **** 728,000 100.0
Large Truck 1,000 3.0 22,000 97.0 **** **** 23,000 100.0
Bus *** 0.1 13,000 99.9 **** **** 13,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 30.5 4,000 69.5 **** **** 6,000 100.0
Total** 13,000 0.7 1,996,000 99.3 **** **** 2,010,000 100.0
*Includes total and partial ejection.
**Excludes motorcyclists.
***Less than 500.
****Not applicable.
Table 74
Occupants Killed or Injured in Two-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Types Involved
Vehicle Type Occupants Killed Vehicle Type Occupants Killed Total Occupants Killed
Passenger Car — Passenger Car — 1,593
Passenger Car 2,555 Light Truck 717 3,272
Passenger Car 1,125 Large Truck 17 1,142
Passenger Car 9 Motorcycle 873 882
Passenger Car 58 Bus 5 63
Passenger Car 53 Other/Unknown 39 92
Light Truck — Light Truck — 1,225
Light Truck 887 Large Truck 41 928
Light Truck 9 Motorcycle 1,006 1,015
Light Truck 41 Bus 2 43
Light Truck 53 Other/Unknown 52 105
Large Truck — Large Truck — 111
Large Truck 0 Motorcycle 179 179
Large Truck 1 Bus 7 8
Large Truck 1 Other/Unknown 19 20
Motorcycle — Motorcycle — 75
Motorcycle 16 Bus 0 16
Motorcycle 43 Other/Unknown 1 44
Other/Unknown — Other/Unknown — 27
Total Occupants Killed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,840
Vehicle Type Occupants Injured Vehicle Type Occupants Injured Total Occupants Injured
Passenger Car — Passenger Car — 453,000
Passenger Car 328,000 Light Truck 241,000 569,000
Passenger Car 28,000 Large Truck 7,000 34,000
Passenger Car 2,000 Motorcycle 21,000 23,000
Passenger Car 5,000 Bus 5,000 10,000
Passenger Car 1,000 Other/Unknown 1,000 2,000
Light Truck — Light Truck — 192,000
Light Truck 19,000 Large Truck 5,000 23,000
Light Truck 1,000 Motorcycle 15,000 17,000
Light Truck 2,000 Bus 4,000 6,000
Light Truck 1,000 Other/Unknown 1,000 1,000
Large Truck — Large Truck — 1,000
Large Truck * Motorcycle 1,000 1,000
Large Truck * Bus 1,000 1,000
Large Truck * Other/Unknown * *
Total Occupants Injured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,334,000
*Less than 500.

111
Table 75
Occupants Involved in Fatal Crashes and Occupant Fatalities, by Vehicle Body Type
Occupants Occupants Occupants Occupants
Involved Killed Involved Killed
Body Type No. % No. % Body Type No. % No. %
Passenger Cars 27,136 40.4 11,981 44.3 Large Trucks 4,223 6.3 635 2.3
Convertible 443 0.7 223 0.8 Step Van 9 * 0 0.0
2 Door Sedan, Hardtop, Coupe 4,042 6.0 2,000 7.4 Single Unit Truck
3 Door/2 Door Hatchback 842 1.3 416 1.5 (10,000 lb < GVWR � 19,500 lb) 409 0.6 54 0.2
Single Unit Truck
(19,500 lb < GVWR � 26,000 lb)
4 Door Sedan Hardtop 19,578 29.2 8,505 31.4
258 0.4 39 0.1
5 Door/4 Door Hatchback 438 0.7 205 0.8
Single Unit Heavy Truck
Station Wagon 1,628 2.4 575 2.1 (GVWR > 26,000 lb) 587 0.9 84 0.3
Hatchback, Doors Unknown 5 * 3 * Single Unit Truck, Unknown GVWR 19 * 4 *
Other Auto 11 * 6 * Truck Tractor 2,675 4.0 408 1.5
Unknown Auto 128 0.2 42 0.2 Medium/Heavy Pickup
Auto-Based Pickup 18 * 5 * (Ford Super Duty 450/550) 251 0.4 42 0.2
3 Door Coupe 3 * 1 * Unknown Heavy Truck
(GVWR > 26,000 lb) 3 * 2 *
Light Trucks 28,187 42.0 9,272 34.3
Unknown Large Truck Type 12 * 2 *
Compact Utility 8,447 12.6 2,968 11.0
Motorcycles 5,283 7.9 4,612 17.0
Large Utility 3,022 4.5 738 2.7
Motorcycle 4,987 7.4 4,343 16.0
Utility Station Wagon 714 1.1 165 0.6
Moped 128 0.2 121 0.4
Utility, Unknown Body Type 3 * 0 0.0
Three Wheel Motorcycle or Moped 8 * 6 *
Minivan 3,187 4.7 874 3.2
Off-Road Motorcycle (Two Wheel) 52 0.1 45 0.2
Large Van 1,248 1.9 242 0.9
Other Motorcycle/Minibike 91 0.1 83 0.3
Step Van 17 * 4 *
Unknown Motorcycle 17 * 14 0.1
Other Van Type 12 * 2 *
Buses** 929 1.4 54 0.2
Unknown Van Type 28 * 6 *
School Bus 334 0.5 9 *
Compact Pickup 2,899 4.3 1,419 5.2
Cross Country/Intercity Bus 377 0.6 31 0.1
Standard Pickup 8,516 12.7 2,820 10.4
Transit Bus 141 0.2 4 *
Pickup with Camper 23 * 11 *
Van-Based Bus
Unknown Pickup Style Truck 18 * 6 * (GVWR > 10,000 lb) 59 0.1 6 *
Cab Chassis-Based Light Truck 37 0.1 11 * Other Bus 15 * 4 *
Other Conventional Light Truck 1 * 1 * Unknown Bus 3 * 0 0.0
Unknown Light Truck Type (Not Pickup) 1 * 1 * Other Vehicles 702 1.0 427 1.6
Unknown Light Vehicle Type 14 * 4 * Large Limousine 5 * 3 *
Light Truck-Based Motorhome 2 * 0 0.0
Medium/Heavy Truck-Based Motorhome 40 0.1 4 *
Unknown Truck Camper/Motorhome 49 0.1 2 *
All Terrain Vehicle 397 0.6 305 1.1
Snowmobile 26 * 24 0.1
Farm Equipment Except Trucks 94 0.1 42 0.2
Construction Equipment Except Trucks 10 * 2 *
Motorized Wheelchair 1 * 1 *
Other Vehicle 78 0.1 44 0.2
Unknown 683 1.0 79 0.3
Not Reported 4 * 3 *
Unknown Body Type 679 1.0 76 0.3
Total 67,143 100.0 27,060 100.0
**Noninjured passengers are not included in this bus occupant count. All bus drivers are included, regardless of injury severity.
Table 76
Passenger Car Occupants Involved in Fatal Crashes and Occupants Killed,
by Car Wheelbase Size
Occupants Involved
in Fatal Crashes Occupants Killed Percent of
Passenger Car Occupants Killed by
Wheelbase Size Number Percent of Total Number Percent of Total Car Wheelbase Size
Minicompact
(under 95 inches) 314 1.2 185 1.5 58.9
Subcompact
(95 to 99 inches) 2,333 8.6 1,166 9.7 50.0
Compact
(100 to 104 inches) 7,926 29.2 3,789 31.6 47.8
Intermediate
(105 to 109 inches) 9,543 35.2 4,050 33.8 42.4
Full Size
(110 to 114 inches) 4,707 17.3 1,958 16.3 41.6
Largest Size
(115 inches and over) 1,862 6.9 669 5.6 35.9
Unknown 451 1.7 164 1.4 36.4

Total 27,136 100.0 11,981 100.0 44.2

113
Table 77
Persons Killed and Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities, by Person Type
Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities*
Person Type Total Killed Number Percent

Vehicle Occupants
Driver 16,430 5,774 35
Passenger 5,953 1,826 31
Unknown Occupant 65 3 4
Subtotal 22,448 7,603 34
Motorcyclists 4,612 1,565 34
Nonoccupants
Pedestrian 4,432 601 14
Pedalcyclist 677 79 12
Other/Unknown 198 31 15
Subtotal 5,307 710 13
Total 32,367 9,878 31
*Fatalities in crashes involving a driver or motorcycle rider with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 grams per deciliter
(g/dL) or greater. NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see
page 7 of this report.
Table 78
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age
and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Driver’s BAC
.00 .01-.07 .08 or Higher* .01 and Higher Total

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
<16 103 89 4 3 9 8 13 11 115 100
16-20 3,241 76 205 5 846 20 1,051 24 4,292 100
21-24 2,793 63 222 5 1,450 32 1,672 37 4,465 100
25-34 5,611 66 358 4 2,549 30 2,906 34 8,517 100
35-44 5,106 72 258 4 1,694 24 1,952 28 7,058 100
45-54 5,660 76 265 4 1,568 21 1,833 24 7,493 100
55-64 4,609 83 166 3 767 14 933 17 5,542 100
65-74 2,645 90 74 2 228 8 302 10 2,947 100
>74 2,351 93 51 2 120 5 171 7 2,522 100
Unknown 639 89 13 2 65 9 78 11 717 100
Total 32,758 75 1,614 4 9,296 21 10,910 25 43,668 100
Figure 24
Percent Alcohol Impairment (BAC .08 or Higher) for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders
Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age
Percent Alcohol-Impaired
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
<16 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74
Driver Age (Years)

115
Table 79
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed in Crashes, by Time of Day, Day of Week, Age,
Alcohol Impairment, and Crash Type
Under 21 21 and Older
Time of Day
and Number Percent Number Percent
Day of Week Killed Alcohol-Impaired* Killed Alcohol-Impaired*
Daytime 415 14 4,256 21
Weekday 270 12 2,834 17
Weekend 145 16 1,422 30
Nighttime 792 46 5,344 65

Weekday 304 35 2,356 60
Weekend 488 54 2,988 70
Daytime 458 5 5,784 7
Weekday 335 4 4,420 6
Weekend 123 8 1,364 10
Nighttime 345 21 3,189 34

Weekday 187 17 1,563 28
Weekend 158 26 1,626 40
*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per
deciliter (g/dL) or greater. NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more
information, see page 7 of this report.
Table 80
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed in Crashes, by Age
Driver’s BAC
Age
<16 58 92 1 2 4 6 5 8 63 100
16-20 1,328 68 117 6 520 26 636 32 1,964 100
21-24 1,096 50 130 6 966 44 1,096 50 2,191 100
25-34 1,932 50 207 5 1,731 45 1,938 50 3,870 100
35-44 1,712 55 151 5 1,232 40 1,383 45 3,095 100
45-54 2,071 60 165 5 1,190 35 1,355 40 3,426 100
55-64 2,019 74 119 4 592 22 711 26 2,730 100
65-74 1,441 86 54 3 175 10 229 14 1,669 100
>74 1,598 92 42 2 93 5 135 8 1,733 100
Unknown 5 43 1 5 6 53 7 58 12 100
Total 13,260 64 986 5 6,507 31 7,493 36 20,753 100
*BAC of .08 g/dL or higher indicates alcohol-impaired driving.
Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this
report.
Figure 25
Percent of Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed Who Were Alcohol-Impaired
(BAC .08 or Higher), by Driver Age, Crash Type, Time of Day, and Day of Week
Driver Age (Years):
Under 21
21 and Older
Percent of Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed Who Were Alcohol-Impaired
80
Single Vehicle
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
80
Multiple Vehicle
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Daytime:
Daytime: Nighttime:
Nighttime:
Weekday
Weekend Weekday
Weekend
Time of Day and Day of Week

117
Table 81
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Vehicle Type
Driver’s BAC
Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Passenger Car 12,604 73 617 4 4,114 24 4,731 27 17,335 100
Light Truck 12,530 75 562 3 3,551 21 4,113 25 16,643 100
Large Truck 3,481 98 45 1 43 1 88 2 3,568 100
Bus 235 97 3 1 5 2 8 3 243 100
Other/Unknown 908 80 39 3 192 17 230 20 1,138 100
Subtotal 29,757 76 1,264 3 7,906 20 9,170 24 38,927 100
Motorcycle 3,001 63 350 7 1,390 29 1,740 37 4,741 100
Total 32,758 75 1,614 4 9,296 21 10,910 25 43,668 100
report.
Table 82
Persons Killed, by Age and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
in the Crash
Highest Driver BAC in Crash
.00 .01-.07 .08 or Higher* .01 and Higher Total**

Age
<5 282 78 15 4 63 17 78 22 360 100
5-9 286 83 9 3 48 14 57 17 344 100
10-15 504 79 30 5 102 16 131 21 637 100
16-20 2,136 63 224 7 1,036 30 1,260 37 3,410 100
21-24 1,592 49 212 6 1,469 45 1,681 51 3,282 100
25-34 2,765 50 310 6 2,393 44 2,703 49 5,497 100
35-44 2,419 56 237 5 1,656 38 1,893 44 4,323 100
45-54 3,168 62 254 5 1,646 32 1,900 37 5,077 100
55-64 2,892 73 174 4 896 23 1,070 27 3,976 100
65-74 2,114 84 83 3 325 13 409 16 2,531 100
>74 2,555 89 81 3 226 8 307 11 2,870 100
Unknown 39 65 4 6 18 29 21 35 60 100
Total 20,752 64 1,633 5 9,878 31 11,510 36 32,367 100
**Total includes fatalities in crashes in which there was no driver present.
report.
Table 83
Pedestrians Killed, by Pedestrian’s and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Driver’s BAC
.00 .01-.07 .08 or Higher* Total

Pedestrian’s
BAC Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
.00 2,265 52 64 1 302 7 2,631 60
.01-.07 157 4 10 0 27 1 193 4
.08 or Higher 1,251 29 58 1 244 6 1,554 35
Total** 3,673 84 132 3 573 13 4,378 100
**Includes pedestrians struck by motorcycles. Does not include pedestrians killed in hit and run crashes.
report.

119
Table 84
Drivers Involved in Crashes, by Vehicle Type, Restraint Use, and Crash Severity
Restraint Use
Used Not Used Unknown Total

Passenger Car 11,440 66.0 4,495 25.9 1,400 8.1 17,335 100.0
Light Truck 10,628 63.9 4,798 28.8 1,217 7.3 16,643 100.0
Large Truck 2,971 83.3 342 9.6 255 7.1 3,568 100.0
Bus 209 86.0 19 7.8 15 6.2 243 100.0
Other/Unknown 127 11.2 414 36.4 597 52.5 1,138 100.0
Total* 25,375 65.2 10,068 25.9 3,484 9.0 38,927 100.0
Passenger Car 1,374,000 87.6 47,000 3.0 148,000 9.4 1,569,000 100.0
Light Truck 900,000 88.0 33,000 3.2 90,000 8.8 1,023,000 100.0
Large Truck 53,000 86.3 2,000 3.6 6,000 10.1 62,000 100.0
Bus 12,000 86.8 ** 1.0 2,000 12.2 13,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 37.6 3,000 54.3 ** 8.1 6,000 100.0
Total* 2,342,000 87.6 85,000 3.2 247,000 9.2 2,674,000 100.0

Passenger Car 3,314,000 88.8 34,000 0.9 384,000 10.3 3,732,000 100.0
Light Truck 2,285,000 88.8 21,000 0.8 268,000 10.4 2,574,000 100.0
Large Truck 192,000 86.7 3,000 1.2 27,000 12.1 221,000 100.0
Bus 38,000 86.5 1,000 1.4 5,000 12.1 44,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 5,000 66.7 1,000 14.9 1,000 18.4 7,000 100.0
Total* 5,833,000 88.7 59,000 0.9 685,000 10.4 6,577,000 100.0
Drivers in All Crashes

Passenger Car 4,699,000 88.4 85,000 1.6 534,000 10.0 5,318,000 100.0
Light Truck 3,196,000 88.4 59,000 1.6 359,000 9.9 3,614,000 100.0
Large Truck 248,000 86.6 5,000 1.8 33,000 11.6 286,000 100.0
Bus 50,000 86.6 1,000 1.3 7,000 12.1 57,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 7,000 50.2 5,000 32.9 2,000 16.9 14,000 100.0
Total* 8,200,000 88.3 154,000 1.7 936,000 10.1 9,290,000 100.0
*Excludes motorcycle riders.
**Less than 500.
Table 85
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age and Restraint Use
Restraint Use

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Occupants Killed
<5 179 65.3 76 27.7 19 6.9 274 100.0
5-9 147 61.3 79 32.9 14 5.8 240 100.0
10-15 148 36.5 226 55.8 31 7.7 405 100.0
16-20 1,028 36.8 1,536 54.9 233 8.3 2,797 100.0
21-24 787 33.0 1,385 58.0 214 9.0 2,386 100.0
25-34 1,247 33.7 2,159 58.4 291 7.9 3,697 100.0
35-44 993 38.7 1,372 53.4 202 7.9 2,567 100.0
45-54 1,147 42.5 1,359 50.3 195 7.2 2,701 100.0
55-64 1,164 53.2 876 40.0 148 6.8 2,188 100.0
65-74 1,041 60.5 559 32.5 122 7.1 1,722 100.0
>74 1,548 68.9 543 24.2 157 7.0 2,248 100.0
Unknown 10 35.7 10 35.7 8 28.6 28 100.0
Total 9,439 44.4 10,180 47.9 1,634 7.7 21,253 100.0
Occupants Injured
<5 40,000 88.0 2,000 5.0 3,000 7.0 46,000 100.0
5-9 41,000 86.7 3,000 5.6 4,000 7.7 47,000 100.0
10-15 61,000 86.4 5,000 7.6 4,000 6.0 70,000 100.0
16-20 221,000 82.1 24,000 9.1 24,000 8.8 269,000 100.0
21-24 173,000 82.1 18,000 8.4 20,000 9.5 210,000 100.0
25-34 312,000 83.8 24,000 6.6 36,000 9.7 372,000 100.0
35-44 246,000 83.0 15,000 4.9 36,000 12.1 296,000 100.0
45-54 249,000 88.2 12,000 4.4 21,000 7.4 282,000 100.0
55-64 184,000 89.3 5,000 2.5 17,000 8.2 206,000 100.0
65-74 88,000 90.0 3,000 2.9 7,000 7.0 98,000 100.0
>74 66,000 92.2 2,000 2.3 4,000 5.5 72,000 100.0
Total 1,680,000 85.3 113,000 5.8 175,000 8.9 1,968,000 100.0

121
Table 86
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupant Survivors of Fatal Crashes,
by Age and Restraint Use
Restraint Use

Age
<5 1,259 86.7 133 9.2 60 4.1 1,452 100.0
5-9 990 77.0 218 17.0 78 6.1 1,286 100.0
10-15 1,347 71.8 424 22.6 104 5.5 1,875 100.0
16-20 3,271 64.9 1,320 26.2 450 8.9 5,041 100.0
21-24 2,495 65.4 953 25.0 368 9.6 3,816 100.0
25-34 4,458 72.4 1,148 18.6 554 9.0 6,160 100.0
35-44 3,395 79.1 587 13.7 310 7.2 4,292 100.0
45-54 3,237 82.3 430 10.9 265 6.7 3,932 100.0
55-64 2,438 86.9 218 7.8 151 5.4 2,807 100.0
65-74 1,438 90.0 96 6.0 63 3.9 1,597 100.0
>74 1,051 89.7 65 5.5 56 4.8 1,172 100.0
Unknown 187 29.2 66 10.3 387 60.5 640 100.0
Total 25,566 75.0 5,658 16.6 2,846 8.4 34,070 100.0
Table 87
Passenger Car Occupants Killed or Injured, by Seating Position and Restraint Use
Restraint Use

Seating
Position Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Passenger Car Occupants Killed

Front Seat 5,589 51.6 4,408 40.7 835 7.7 10,832 100.0
Left 4,433 50.8 3,618 41.5 674 7.7 8,725 100.0
Middle 4 57.1 2 28.6 1 14.3 7 100.0
Right 1,152 54.9 785 37.4 160 7.6 2,097 100.0
Other/Unknown 0 0.0 3 100.0 0 0.0 3 100.0
Second Seat 405 39.1 535 51.6 96 9.3 1,036 100.0
Left 163 40.1 198 48.8 45 11.1 406 100.0
Middle 39 33.9 65 56.5 11 9.6 115 100.0
Right 201 40.1 264 52.7 36 7.2 501 100.0
Other/Unknown 2 14.3 8 57.1 4 28.6 14 100.0
Other 5 16.7 20 66.7 5 16.7 30 100.0
Unknown 5 6.0 51 61.4 27 32.5 83 100.0
Total 6,004 50.1 5,014 41.8 963 8.0 11,981 100.0
Passenger Car Occupants Injured

Front Seat 966,000 86.4 51,000 4.5 102,000 9.1 1,119,000 100.0
Left 776,000 86.7 37,000 4.1 82,000 9.1 894,000 100.0
Middle 3,000 74.6 * 7.9 1,000 17.5 4,000 100.0
Right 187,000 85.1 14,000 6.1 19,000 8.8 220,000 100.0
Other * 55.4 * 11.5 * 33.1 * 100.0
Second Seat 95,000 80.4 12,000 10.2 11,000 9.4 118,000 100.0
Left 36,000 79.6 5,000 11.1 4,000 9.3 45,000 100.0
Middle 12,000 80.5 2,000 11.3 1,000 8.2 15,000 100.0
Right 47,000 81.1 5,000 9.0 6,000 9.8 58,000 100.0
Other * 68.9 * 17.2 * 13.9 1,000 100.0
Other 2,000 61.9 * 13.6 1,000 24.6 3,000 100.0
Total 1,063,000 85.7 63,000 5.1 114,000 9.2 1,240,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

123
Table 88
Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Seating Position and Restraint Use
Restraint Use

Seating
Position Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Light Truck Occupants Killed

Front Seat 3,179 38.7 4,467 54.3 574 7.0 8,220 100.0
Left 2,567 38.1 3,691 54.9 471 7.0 6,729 100.0
Middle 7 15.6 31 68.9 7 15.6 45 100.0
Right 605 42.1 741 51.5 92 6.4 1,438 100.0
Other/Unknown 0 0.0 4 50.0 4 50.0 8 100.0
Second Seat 225 31.1 442 61.1 56 7.7 723 100.0
Left 94 35.1 155 57.8 19 7.1 268 100.0
Middle 31 26.3 81 68.6 6 5.1 118 100.0
Right 99 30.6 194 59.9 31 9.6 324 100.0
Other/Unknown 1 7.7 12 92.3 0 0.0 13 100.0
Other 23 9.8 192 81.7 20 8.5 235 100.0
Unknown 8 8.5 65 69.1 21 22.3 94 100.0
Total 3,435 37.0 5,166 55.7 671 7.2 9,272 100.0
Light Truck Occupants Injured
Front Seat 544,000 85.4 39,000 6.1 54,000 8.5 637,000 100.0
Left 427,000 85.6 26,000 5.3 45,000 9.1 499,000 100.0
Middle 3,000 59.7 2,000 35.8 * 4.5 5,000 100.0
Right 115,000 85.8 11,000 7.9 8,000 6.4 134,000 100.0
Other * 65.1 * 21.7 * 13.2 * 100.0
Second Seat 65,000 82.0 8,000 10.6 6,000 7.4 80,000 100.0
Left 26,000 86.7 2,000 6.5 2,000 6.8 30,000 100.0
Middle 8,000 69.5 2,000 16.7 2,000 13.7 12,000 100.0
Right 30,000 83.0 4,000 11.6 2,000 5.3 37,000 100.0
Other * 44.4 * 27.3 * 28.4 1,000 100.0
Other 7,000 62.6 3,000 26.4 1,000 11.0 12,000 100.0
Total 617,000 84.7 50,000 6.9 61,000 8.4 728,000 100.0
*Less than 500.
Table 89
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured,
by Restraint Use and Type of Restraint
Vehicle Type
Passenger Car Light Truck
Restraint Use and Type of Restraint Number Percent Number Percent
Occupants Killed
Restraint Used
Lap/Shoulder Belt 2,142 17.9 1,635 17.6
Lap Belt 59 0.5 39 0.4
Shoulder Belt 60 0.5 11 0.1
Child Safety Seat 97 0.8 63 0.7
Type Unknown 11 0.1 7 0.1
Restraint Used, Airbag Deployed 3,577 29.9 1,643 17.7
Seat Belt Used Improperly 36 0.3 22 0.2
Child Safety Seat Used Improperly 22 0.2 15 0.2
Subtotal 6,004 50.1 3,435 37.0
No Restraint Used 2,335 19.5 3,542 38.2
No Restraint Used, Airbag Deployed 2,679 22.4 1,624 17.5
Restraint Use Unknown 963 8.0 671 7.2
Total 11,981 100.0 9,272 100.0
Occupants Injured
Restraint Used
Lap/Shoulder Belt 676,000 54.5 452,000 62.1
Lap Belt 14,000 1.1 9,000 1.3
Shoulder Belt 7,000 0.5 2,000 0.3
Child Safety Seat 25,000 2.0 17,000 2.4
Type Unknown 12,000 1.0 7,000 0.9
Restraint Used, Airbag Deployed 329,000 26.5 128,000 17.6
Seat Belt Used Improperly 1,000 * 1,000 0.2
Child Safety Seat Used Improperly * * * *
Subtotal 1,063,000 85.7 617,000 84.7
No Restraint Used 43,000 3.5 40,000 5.5
No Restraint Used, Airbag Deployed 20,000 1.6 10,000 1.4
Restraint Use Unknown 114,000 9.2 61,000 8.4
Total 1,240,000 100.0 728,000 100.0

125
Table 90
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by Crash Type, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence
Rollover Occurrence
Yes No Total
Passenger Car 2,439 43.8 3,130 56.2 5,569 100.0
Light Truck 100.0
Pickup 1,677 60.7 1,085 39.3 2,762 100.0
Utility 1,747 70.1 745 29.9 2,492 100.0
Van 262 51.9 243 48.1 505 100.0
Other 9 75.0 3 25.0 12 100.0
Total 6,134 54.1 5,206 45.9 11,340 100.0
Passenger Car 403 6.3 6,009 93.7 6,412 100.0
Light Truck 100.0
Pickup 311 20.8 1,183 79.2 1,494 100.0
Utility 421 30.5 958 69.5 1,379 100.0
Van 111 17.8 512 82.2 623 100.0
Other 2 40.0 3 60.0 5 100.0
Total 1,248 12.6 8,665 87.4 9,913 100.0
All Crashes
Passenger Car 2,842 23.7 9,139 76.3 11,981 100.0
Light Truck 100.0
Pickup 1,988 46.7 2,268 53.3 4,256 100.0
Utility 2,168 56.0 1,703 44.0 3,871 100.0
Van 373 33.1 755 66.9 1,128 100.0
Other 11 64.7 6 35.3 17 100.0
Total 7,382 34.7 13,871 65.3 21,253 100.0
Table 91
Motorcyclists Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week
Day of Week
Weekday Weekend Total
Time of Day Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Motorcyclists Killed
Midnight to 3 am 188 7.9 272 12.3 460 10.0
3 am to 6 am 86 3.6 104 4.7 190 4.1
6 am to 9 am 198 8.3 70 3.2 268 5.8
9 am to Noon 236 9.9 170 7.7 406 8.8
Noon to 3 pm 394 16.5 354 16.0 748 16.2
3 pm to 6 pm 563 23.5 389 17.6 952 20.6
6 pm to 9 pm 429 17.9 483 21.9 912 19.8
9 pm to Midnight 289 12.1 358 16.2 647 14.0
Unknown 9 0.4 10 0.5 29 0.6
Total 2,392 100.0 2,210 100.0 *4,612 100.0
Motorcyclists Injured
Midnight to 3 am 1,000 2.8 3,000 8.2 4,000 4.9
3 am to 6 am 1,000 1.9 * 1.5 1,000 1.7
6 am to 9 am 5,000 10.8 1,000 3.6 6,000 8.0
9 am to Noon 6,000 11.5 4,000 11.5 9,000 11.5
Noon to 3 pm 8,000 16.4 7,000 21.2 15,000 18.3
3 pm to 6 pm 15,000 30.7 6,000 19.4 21,000 26.2
6 pm to 9 pm 9,000 17.3 7,000 22.6 16,000 19.4
9 pm to Midnight 4,000 8.6 4,000 12.0 8,000 10.0
Total 49,000 100.0 32,000 100.0 81,000 100.0
*Includes 10 motorcyclists killed on unknown day of week.

127
Figure 26
Average Number of Motorcyclists Killed per Hour, by Time of Day and Day of Week
12:00 to 12:59 am
1:00 to 1:59 am
2:00 to 2:59 am
3:00 to 3:59 am
4:00 to 4:59 am
5:00 to 5:59 am
6:00 to 6:59 am
7:00 to 7:59 am
8:00 to 8:59 am
9:00 to 9:59 am
10:00 to 10:59 am
11:00 to 11:59 am
12:00 to 12:59 pm
1:00 to 1:59 pm
2:00 to 2:59 pm
3:00 to 3:59 pm
4:00 to 4:59 pm
5:00 to 5:59 pm
6:00 to 6:59 pm
7:00 to 7:59 pm
8:00 to 8:59 pm
9:00 to 9:59 pm
10:00 to 10:59 pm
11:00 to 11:59 pm
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Average Number of Motorcyclists Killed per Hour
Note: Motorcyclists include motorcycle riders (operators) and passengers.
Table 92
Motorcyclists Killed, by Person Type and Helmet Use
Helmet Use
Person Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Riders 2,528 58.5 1,702 39.4 93 2.2 4,323 100.0
Passengers 138 47.8 141 48.8 10 3.5 289 100.0
Total 2,666 57.8 1,843 40.0 103 2.2 4,612 100.0
Table 93
Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age and License Compliance
License Compliance
No Motorcycle No Valid Valid

Age License Motorcycle Motorcycle
(Years) Not Licensed Required License License Unknown Total
<16 10 1 0 2 0 13
16-20 24 4 55 130 2 215
21-24 17 1 132 307 3 460
25-34 42 9 265 641 8 965
35-44 26 9 184 685 3 907
45-54 15 13 167 875 5 1,075
55-64 7 4 64 718 7 800
65-74 3 3 15 212 3 236
>74 1 1 9 55 1 67
Unknown 0 0 0 0 3 3
Total 145 45 891 3,625 35 4,741

129
Table 94
Pedestrians Killed in School Bus Related Crashes, by Age and Striking Vehicle
Vehicle Type
Age
(Years) Bus Other Vehicle Total
<5 1 1 2
5-9 2 3 5
10-15 2 2 4
>15 6 3 9
Total 11 9 20
Table 95
Persons Killed or Injured in School Bus Related Crashes, by Person Type
Killed Injured
Person Type Number Percent Number Percent

School Bus Driver 7 5.7 * 3.8
School Bus Passenger 4 3.3 4,000 38.7
Pedestrian 20 16.3 * 2.8
Pedalcyclist 4 3.3 * 2.3
Occupant of Other Vehicle 87 70.7 6,000 52.2
Other Nonoccupants 1 0.8 * 0.1
Total 123 100.0 12,000 100.0
*Less than 500.
Table 96
Pedestrians Killed or Injured, by Age and Location
Location
Intersection Nonintersection Other Total

Age
Pedestrians Killed
<5 10 14.3 50 71.4 9 12.9 70 100.0
5-9 14 22.2 44 69.8 5 7.9 63 100.0
10-15 27 20.6 91 69.5 13 9.9 131 100.0
16-20 34 13.5 185 73.4 29 11.5 252 100.0
21-24 42 13.8 236 77.4 26 8.5 305 100.0
25-34 70 11.2 495 79.2 56 9.0 625 100.0
35-44 73 12.9 432 76.6 50 8.9 564 100.0
45-54 172 19.2 624 69.6 94 10.5 896 100.0
55-64 148 22.6 447 68.1 50 7.6 656 100.0
65-74 118 28.9 242 59.2 46 11.2 409 100.0
>74 145 33.3 243 55.7 45 10.3 436 100.0
Unknown 5 20.0 18 72.0 1 4.0 25 100.0
Total 858 19.4 3,107 70.1 424 9.6 *4,432 100.0
Pedestrians Injured
<5 1,000 47.1 1,000 47.0 ** 5.9 2,000 100.0
5-9 1,000 32.5 2,000 64.7 ** 2.7 4,000 100.0
10-15 3,000 39.0 4,000 53.6 ** 4.0 7,000 100.0
16-20 5,000 51.4 3,000 37.3 1,000 8.2 9,000 100.0
21-24 3,000 57.6 2,000 34.6 ** 7.3 6,000 100.0
25-34 5,000 56.8 3,000 31.0 1,000 10.9 10,000 100.0
35-44 3,000 37.7 4,000 51.9 1,000 10.3 8,000 100.0
45-54 4,000 40.7 4,000 47.2 1,000 9.3 9,000 100.0
55-64 4,000 49.8 3,000 37.8 1,000 9.6 8,000 100.0
65-74 3,000 73.1 1,000 20.4 ** 6.5 4,000 100.0
>74 2,000 55.4 1,000 25.4 1,000 19.2 3,000 100.0
Total 34,000 48.7 28,000 41.0 6,000 8.6 ***69,000 100.0
*Includes 43 pedestrians killed at unknown locations.
**Less than 500.
***Includes 1,000 pedestrians injured at unknown locations.

131
Table 97
Pedestrians Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex
Male Female Total

<5 43 10,300 0.42 27 9,863 0.27 70 20,162 0.35
5-9 36 10,384 0.35 27 9,950 0.27 63 20,334 0.31
10-15 83 12,717 0.65 48 12,145 0.40 131 24,862 0.53
16-20 173 11,339 1.53 79 10,745 0.74 252 22,083 1.14
21-24 232 8,963 2.59 73 8,594 0.85 305 17,558 1.74
25-34 432 21,044 2.05 193 20,746 0.93 625 41,790 1.50
35-44 392 20,223 1.94 172 20,404 0.84 564 40,628 1.39
45-54 662 22,019 3.01 234 22,699 1.03 896 44,718 2.00
55-64 492 18,358 2.68 164 19,704 0.83 656 38,062 1.72
65-74 266 10,476 2.54 143 12,005 1.19 409 22,482 1.82
>74 256 7,467 3.43 180 11,445 1.57 436 18,912 2.31
Unknown 19 * * 5 * * 25 * *
Total 3,086 153,291 2.01 1,345 158,301 0.85 **4,432 311,592 1.42
Male Female Total

<5 1,000 10,300 12 1,000 9,863 5 2,000 20,162 9
5-9 2,000 10,384 20 1,000 9,950 14 4,000 20,334 17
10-15 4,000 12,717 34 3,000 12,145 22 7,000 24,862 28
16-20 5,000 11,339 43 4,000 10,745 37 9,000 22,083 40
21-24 4,000 8,963 41 2,000 8,594 27 6,000 17,558 34
25-34 5,000 21,044 22 5,000 20,746 23 10,000 41,790 23
35-44 5,000 20,223 24 3,000 20,404 14 8,000 40,628 19
45-54 5,000 22,019 22 5,000 22,699 20 9,000 44,718 21
55-64 3,000 18,358 17 5,000 19,704 24 8,000 38,062 21
65-74 2,000 10,476 18 2,000 12,005 19 4,000 22,482 19
>74 2,000 7,467 22 1,000 11,445 12 3,000 18,912 16
Total 37,000 153,291 24 32,000 158,301 20 69,000 311,592 22
*Not applicable.
**Includes 1 pedestrian fatality of unknown sex.
Table 98
Pedestrians Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week
Day of Week
Pedestrians Killed
Midnight to 3 am 208 8.0 329 18.1 537 12.1
3 am to 6 am 187 7.2 240 13.2 427 9.6
6 am to 9 am 344 13.2 66 3.6 410 9.3
9 am to Noon 202 7.8 56 3.1 258 5.8
Noon to 3 pm 182 7.0 55 3.0 237 5.3
3 pm to 6 pm 351 13.5 86 4.7 437 9.9
6 pm to 9 pm 648 24.9 466 25.6 1,114 25.1
9 pm to Midnight 472 18.1 515 28.3 987 22.3
Unknown 11 0.4 7 0.4 25 0.6
Total 2,605 100.0 1,820 100.0 *4,432 100.0
Pedestrians Injured
Midnight to 3 am 1,000 2.7 2,000 12.4 3,000 5.0
3 am to 6 am 1,000 1.3 1,000 3.3 1,000 1.8
6 am to 9 am 8,000 14.6 ** 2.9 8,000 11.7
9 am to Noon 7,000 13.5 2,000 10.8 9,000 12.8
Noon to 3 pm 9,000 17.0 2,000 10.1 11,000 15.3
3 pm to 6 pm 11,000 21.4 3,000 15.4 14,000 19.9
6 pm to 9 pm 11,000 20.3 5,000 28.2 15,000 22.3
9 pm to Midnight 5,000 9.2 3,000 16.9 8,000 11.1
Total 52,000 100.0 17,000 100.0 69,000 100.0
*Includes 7 pedestrians killed at unknown time of day and day of week.
**Less than 500.

133
Figure 27
Average Number of Pedestrians Killed per Hour, by Time of Day and Day of Week
12:00 to 12:59 am
1:00 to 1:59 am
2:00 to 2:59 am
3:00 to 3:59 am
4:00 to 4:59 am
5:00 to 5:59 am
6:00 to 6:59 am
7:00 to 7:59 am
8:00 to 8:59 am
9:00 to 9:59 am
10:00 to 10:59 am
11:00 to 11:59 am
12:00 to 12:59 pm
1:00 to 1:59 pm
2:00 to 2:59 pm
3:00 to 3:59 pm
4:00 to 4:59 pm
5:00 to 5:59 pm
6:00 to 6:59 pm
7:00 to 7:59 pm
8:00 to 8:59 pm
9:00 to 9:59 pm
10:00 to 10:59 pm
11:00 to 11:59 pm
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Average Number of Pedestrians Killed per Hour
Table 99
Pedestrians Killed or Injured in Single-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Type
and Initial Point of Impact
Front Right Side Left Side Rear Other/Unknown Total
Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Pedestrians Killed
Passenger Car 1,484 90.7 44 2.7 31 1.9 7 0.4 71 4.3 1,637 100.0
Light Truck 1,468 88.1 47 2.8 31 1.9 34 2.0 86 5.2 1,666 100.0
Large Truck 182 66.9 36 13.2 11 4.0 12 4.4 31 11.4 272 100.0
Bus 41 67.2 8 13.1 2 3.3 1 1.6 9 14.8 61 100.0
Other/Unknown 187 52.8 7 2.0 1 0.3 1 0.3 158 44.6 354 100.0
Total 3,362 84.3 142 3.6 76 1.9 55 1.4 355 8.9 3,990 100.0
Pedestrians Injured
Passenger Car 29,000 70.7 6,000 13.8 2,000 5.0 3,000 8.2 1,000 2.4 41,000 100.0
Light Truck 17,000 71.4 2,000 7.7 2,000 7.8 3,000 10.8 1,000 2.3 23,000 100.0
Other 2,000 60.9 * 10.7 * 11.8 * 15.2 * 1.4 3,000 100.0
Total 47,000 70.5 8,000 11.5 4,000 6.2 6,000 9.4 2,000 2.3 67,000 100.0
*Less than 500.
Table 100
Pedestrians Killed, by Related Factors
Failure to yield right of way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106 25.0
In roadway improperly (standing, lying, working, playing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773 17.4
Not visible (dark clothing, no lighting, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 16.0
Under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 15.4
Darting or running into road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 14.6
Improper crossing of roadway or intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 13.2
Failure to obey traffic signs, signals, or officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 3.6
Inattentive (talking, eating, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2.3
Physical impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 1.9
Wrong-way walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 0.9
Entering/exiting parked/standing vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 0.7
Traveling on prohibited trafficways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 0.7
Emotional (e.g. depression, angry, disturbed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 0.7
Ill, blackout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
0.4
Vision obscured (by rain, snow, parked vehicle, sign, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0.2
Portable electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0.2
Nonmotorist pushing vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0.2
Asleep or fatigued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0.1
Other factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 4.1
None reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 13.8
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 13.1
Total Pedestrians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,432

100.0
Notes: The sum of the numbers and percentages is greater than total pedestrians killed as more than one factor may be
present for the same pedestrian. For important information on this table see “Changes from Previous Traffic Safety Facts
Reports” on page 8.

135
Table 101
Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured, by Age and Location
Location
Intersection Nonintersection Other Total

Age
Pedalcyclists Killed
<5 0 0.0 4 80.0 1 20.0 5 100.0
5-9 9 34.6 13 50.0 3 11.5 26 100.0
10-15 12 34.3 22 62.9 1 2.9 35 100.0
16-20 16 32.0 30 60.0 4 8.0 50 100.0
21-24 15 28.3 32 60.4 5 9.4 53 100.0
25-34 25 35.2 34 47.9 12 16.9 71 100.0
35-44 26 33.3 46 59.0 5 6.4 78 100.0
45-54 40 25.5 103 65.6 13 8.3 157 100.0
55-64 35 32.4 60 55.6 12 11.1 108 100.0
65-74 16 27.6 33 56.9 7 12.1 58 100.0
>74 14 43.8 15 46.9 3 9.4 32 100.0
Unknown 0 0.0 4 100.0 0 0.0 4 100.0
Total 208 30.7 396 58.5 66 9.7 *677 100.0
Pedalcyclists Injured
<5 ** 65.5 ** 34.5 ** ** ** 100.0
5-9 1,000 53.0 1,000 46.1 ** 0.9 2,000 100.0
10-15 4,000 58.4 2,000 24.5 1,000 16.8 7,000 100.0
16-20 5,000 64.9 2,000 21.8 1,000 13.3 8,000 100.0
21-24 3,000 67.3 1,000 22.0 ** 10.3 4,000 100.0
25-34 4,000 58.1 2,000 26.3 1,000 15.6 7,000 100.0
35-44 2,000 50.7 2,000 32.4 1,000 16.6 5,000 100.0
45-54 4,000 60.3 2,000 23.9 1,000 15.3 7,000 100.0
55-64 2,000 45.0 2,000 39.8 1,000 14.9 5,000 100.0
65-74 1,000 50.4 1,000 29.8 ** 19.9 2,000 100.0
>74 ** 68.2 ** 18.8 ** 13.0 1,000 100.0
Total 28,000 57.9 13,000 27.6 7,000 14.2 48,000 100.0
*Includes 7 pedalcyclists killed at other or unknown location.
**Less than 500.
Table 102
Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex
Male Female Total

<5 3 10,300 0.03 2 9,863 0.02 5 20,162 0.02
5-9 17 10,384 0.16 9 9,950 0.09 26 20,334 0.13
10-15 27 12,717 0.21 8 12,145 0.07 35 24,862 0.14
16-20 44 11,339 0.39 6 10,745 0.06 50 22,083 0.23
21-24 42 8,963 0.47 11 8,594 0.13 53 17,558 0.30
25-34 59 21,044 0.28 12 20,746 0.06 71 41,790 0.17
35-44 72 20,223 0.36 6 20,404 0.03 78 40,628 0.19
45-54 130 22,019 0.59 27 22,699 0.12 157 44,718 0.35
55-64 98 18,358 0.53 10 19,704 0.05 108 38,062 0.28
65-74 50 10,476 0.48 8 12,005 0.07 58 22,482 0.26
>74 32 7,467 0.43 0 11,445 0.00 32 18,912 0.17
Unknown 4 * * 0 * * 4 * *
Total 578 153,291 0.38 99 158,301 0.06 677 311,592 0.22
Male Female Total

<5 ** 10,300 1 ** 9,863 *** ** 20,162 1
5-9 2,000 10,384 17 1,000 9,950 6 2,000 20,334 12
10-15 5,000 12,717 41 2,000 12,145 14 7,000 24,862 28
16-20 6,000 11,339 50 3,000 10,745 26 8,000 22,083 38
21-24 3,000 8,963 36 1,000 8,594 13 4,000 17,558 25
25-34 5,000 21,044 25 2,000 20,746 8 7,000 41,790 17
35-44 4,000 20,223 21 ** 20,404 2 5,000 40,628 12
45-54 5,000 22,019 24 1,000 22,699 6 7,000 44,718 15
55-64 4,000 18,358 24 1,000 19,704 4 5,000 38,062 14
65-74 2,000 10,476 15 ** 12,005 1 2,000 22,482 8
>74 1,000 7,467 9 ** 11,445 *** 1,000 18,912 4
Total 38,000 153,291 24 11,000 158,301 7 48,000 311,592 15
*Not applicable.
**Less than 500.
***Less than 0.5 percent.

137
Table 103
Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week
Day of Week
Midnight to 3 am 22 5.0 25 10.4 47 6.9
3 am to 6 am 21 4.8 9 3.8 30 4.4
6 am to 9 am 47 10.8 16 6.7 63 9.3
9 am to Noon 50 11.4 21 8.8 71 10.5
Noon to 3 pm 63 14.4 22 9.2 85 12.6
3 pm to 6 pm 98 22.4 25 10.4 123 18.2
6 pm to 9 pm 82 18.8 69 28.8 151 22.3
9 pm to Midnight 54 12.4 53 22.1 107 15.8
Total 437 100.0 240 100.0 677 100.0
Midnight to 3 am * 0.7 * 1.8 * 1.0
3 am to 6 am * 0.4 1,000 4.0 1,000 1.4
6 am to 9 am 5,000 13.3 * 1.7 5,000 10.2
9 am to Noon 4,000 12.7 3,000 19.8 7,000 14.6
Noon to 3 pm 7,000 20.7 2,000 16.7 9,000 19.6
3 pm to 6 pm 12,000 32.7 2,000 17.0 14,000 28.5
6 pm to 9 pm 5,000 13.0 4,000 31.3 9,000 17.8
9 pm to Midnight 2,000 6.6 1,000 7.7 3,000 6.9
Total 35,000 100.0 13,000 100.0 48,000 100.0
*Less than 500.
Table 104
Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured in Single-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Type
and Initial Point of Impact
Front Right Side Left Side Rear Other/Unknown Total
Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Passenger Car 209 90.1 12 5.2 6 2.6 3 1.3 2 0.9 232 100.0
Light Truck 260 84.7 21 6.8 5 1.6 9 2.9 12 3.9 307 100.0
Large Truck 34 57.6 15 25.4 2 3.4 3 5.1 5 8.5 59 100.0
Bus 5 55.6 2 22.2 1 11.1 0 0.0 1 11.1 9 100.0
Other/Unknown 28 65.1 2 4.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 13 30.2 43 100.0
Total 536 82.5 52 8.0 14 2.2 15 2.3 33 5.1 650 100.0
Passenger Car 21,000 69.7 5,000 16.9 2,000 8.1 1,000 4.6 * 0.8 30,000 100.0
Light Truck 10,000 61.2 4,000 23.4 2,000 11.1 1,000 4.3 * 0.1 16,000 100.0
Other * 34.6 * 22.7 * 4.7 * 35.6 * 2.4 1,000 100.0
Total 31,000 66.1 9,000 19.2 4,000 9.0 2,000 5.1 * 0.6 48,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

139
Table 105
Pedalcyclists Killed, by Related Factors
Failure to yield right of way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 27.8
Under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

9.6
Not visible (dark clothing, no lighting, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 9.2
Failure to obey traffic signs, signals, or officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 7.5
Wrong-way riding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.2
Improper crossing of roadway or intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.9
Darting or running into road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4.7
Making improper turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.0
Operating without required equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.8
Inattentive (talking, eating, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.1
Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.5
Making improper entry or exit from trafficway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.5
Riding on wrong side of the road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.4
Failing to have lights on when required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.9
Improper or erratic lane changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.9
Erratic, reckless, careless, or negligent operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.0
Improper passing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0.7
Traveling on prohibited trafficways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0.6
In roadway improperly (standing, lying, working, playing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.4
Vision obscured (reflected glare, parked vehicle, sign, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.4
Emotional (e.g. depression, angry, disturbed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.1
Passing with insufficient distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.1
Other factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 7.4
None reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 20.1
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 15.1
Total Pedalcyclists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 100.0
Notes: The sum of the numbers and percentages is greater than total pedalcyclists killed as more than one factor may be
present for the same pedalcyclist. For important information on this table see “Changes from Previous Traffic Safety Facts
Reports” on page 8.
Chapter 5
STATES
CHAPTER 5 � STATES
F atal crash and fatality statistics for each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico are
presented in this chapter. Several tables display State fatality rates based on population, licensed drivers, and
registered vehicles. The last three tables describe each State’s occupant restraint laws, motorcycle helmet laws, and
driver’s blood alcohol concentration laws. Below are some of the State statistics you will find in this chapter:
O Traffic fatalities dropped by 2 percent from 2010 to 2011 for the Nation as a whole. Thirty-six States showed
decreases, ranging from less than 1 percent to as much as 31 percent.
O The pedestrian fatality rate per 100,000 population was 1.42 for the Nation. Florida had the highest rate (2.57),
and both Nebraska and New Hampshire, with seven and five pedestrian fatalities, respectively, had the lowest
rate (0.38).
O About 2.1 percent of all traffic crash fatalities in 2011 were pedalcyclists. Delaware, Idaho, Maine, Rhode
Island, Vermont, and West Virginia reported no pedalcyclists killed.
O In 2011, all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico had seat belt use laws. All 50 States, the
District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico also had laws requiring children of certain ages to be restrained in child
safety seats.
O Motorcycle helmets were required for all riders in 19 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2011.
Twenty-eight States had helmet requirements with exceptions (age, rider type, roadway type), and three States
(Illinois, Iowa, and New Hampshire) did not require helmets at all.
O In 2011, it was a criminal offense to operate a motor vehicle at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 g/dL
or above in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

143
Chapter 5 � States
Table 106
2011 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 2010
Fatalities Fatalities
Percent Percent
State 2010 2011 Change State 2010 2011 Change
AL 862 894 +4 NE 190 181 -5
AK 56 72 +29 NV 257 246 -4
AZ 759 825 +9 NH 128 90 -30
AR 571 549 -4 NJ 556 627 +13

CA 2,720 2,791 +3 NM 349 353 +1
CO 450 447 -1 NY 1,201 1,169 -3
CT 320 220 -31 NC 1,320 1,227 -7

DE 101 99 -2 ND 105 148 +41
DC 24 27 +13 OH 1,080 1,016 -6
FL 2,444 2,398 -2 OK 668 696 +4

GA 1,247 1,223 -2 OR 317 331 +4
HI 113 100 -12 PA 1,324 1,286 -3
ID 209 167 -20 RI 67 66 -1

IL 927 918 -1 SC 809 828 +2
IN 754 750 -1 SD 140 111 -21
IA 390 360 -8 TN 1,032 946 -8

KS 431 386 -10 TX 3,023 3,016 -0
KY 760 721 -5 UT 253 240 -5
LA 721 675 -6 VT 71 55 -23

ME 161 136 -16 VA 740 764 +3
MD 496 485 -2 WA 460 457 -1
MA 347 337 -3 WV 315 337 +7

MI 942 889 -6 WI 572 582 +2
MN 411 368 -10 WY 155 135 -13
MS 641 630 -2 USA 32,999 32,367 -2

MO 821 784 -5
MT 189 209 +11 PR 340 359 +6
Figure 28
2011 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 2010
>5% Increase 0-5% Increase Decrease
WA
NH ME
457 VT
90 136
-1% MT ND 55
-30% -16%
209 148 MN -23%
OR +11% +41% 368
NY MA
331 ID -10%
SD WI 1,169 337
+4% 167 111 582 MI -3% -3%
-20% WY 889
135 -21% +2%
-6% PA RI
-13% IA 1,286 66
NE CT
NV 360 OH -3% NJ -1%
181 IN 220
246 -8% IL 1,016 627
UT -5% 750 -31%
-4% CO 918 -1% -6% WV +13%
240
CA -5% 447 KS MO -1% 337 DE
2,791 -1% 386 784 KY +7% VA
99
+3% -10% -5% 721 764
-2%
TN -5% +3% MD
AZ OK 946 485
825 NM AR NC
696 -8% 1,227 -2%
+9% 353 549 SC
+1% +4% -7% DC
-4% GA 828
MS AL 27
1,223 +2%
TX 630 894 +13%
-2%
3,016 LA -2% +4%
-0% 675
AK -6%
FL
72 2,398
+29% -2%
USA
32,367 PR
359
HI -2% +6%
100
-12%

145
Table 107
Fatal Crashes, by State and First Harmful Event
First Harmful Event
Collision with Non-Collision
Motor Vehicle Total
in Transport Nonoccupant Fixed Object Object Not Fixed Overturn Other Fatal Crashes
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 318 39.3 80 9.9 324 40.0 14 1.7 73 9.0 1 0.1 810 100.0
AK 22 34.9 10 15.9 17 27.0 0 0.0 13 20.6 1 1.6 63 100.0
AZ 241 32.0 166 22.0 157 20.8 15 2.0 142 18.8 14 1.9 754 100.0
AR 179 35.3 48 9.5 200 39.4 11 2.2 65 12.8 4 0.8 507 100.0
CA 808 31.1 708 27.3 721 27.8 78 3.0 259 10.0 20 0.8 2,594 100.0
CO 124 30.5 53 13.0 134 32.9 9 2.2 83 20.4 4 1.0 407 100.0
CT 59 28.5 33 15.9 96 46.4 5 2.4 13 6.3 1 0.5 207 100.0

DE 32 34.0 18 19.1 40 42.6 2 2.1 1 1.1 1 1.1 94 100.0
DC 6 27.3 10 45.5 3 13.6 3 13.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 22 100.0
FL 822 37.2 602 27.2 550 24.9 32 1.4 163 7.4 41 1.9 2,210 100.0
GA 426 38.2 134 12.0 420 37.6 31 2.8 93 8.3 12 1.1 1,116 100.0
HI 31 32.0 23 23.7 35 36.1 2 2.1 4 4.1 2 2.1 97 100.0
ID 48 31.6 8 5.3 60 39.5 7 4.6 25 16.4 4 2.6 152 100.0

IL 315 37.7 159 19.0 264 31.6 30 3.6 60 7.2 7 0.8 835 100.0
IN 294 43.6 71 10.5 219 32.4 29 4.3 37 5.5 25 3.7 675 100.0
IA 126 38.3 27 8.2 90 27.4 7 2.1 73 22.2 5 1.5 329 100.0

KS 154 44.0 12 3.4 135 38.6 13 3.7 29 8.3 7 2.0 350 100.0
KY 262 39.1 47 7.0 277 41.3 25 3.7 50 7.5 9 1.3 670 100.0
LA 216 34.3 103 16.4 233 37.0 19 3.0 49 7.8 8 1.3 629 100.0
ME 41 32.5 10 7.9 64 50.8 4 3.2 6 4.8 1 0.8 126 100.0
MD 177 38.9 101 22.2 134 29.5 17 3.7 22 4.8 1 0.2 455 100.0
MA 103 32.1 62 19.3 123 38.3 12 3.7 15 4.7 6 1.9 321 100.0
MI 321 38.5 159 19.1 247 29.6 32 3.8 64 7.7 11 1.3 834 100.0
MN 142 42.5 43 12.9 87 26.0 13 3.9 43 12.9 6 1.8 334 100.0
MS 197 34.7 54 9.5 261 46.0 4 0.7 50 8.8 1 0.2 567 100.0
MO 227 31.8 69 9.7 311 43.6 26 3.6 67 9.4 14 2.0 714 100.0
MT 61 32.6 13 7.0 59 31.6 5 2.7 48 25.7 1 0.5 187 100.0
NE 78 47.6 9 5.5 38 23.2 6 3.7 30 18.3 3 1.8 164 100.0

NV 74 33.2 47 21.1 56 25.1 9 4.0 34 15.2 3 1.3 223 100.0
NH 29 34.5 9 10.7 35 41.7 3 3.6 8 9.5 0 0.0 84 100.0
Table 107
Fatal Crashes, by State and First Harmful Event (Continued)
First Harmful Event
Collision with Non-Collision
Motor Vehicle Total
in Transport Nonoccupant Fixed Object Object Not Fixed Overturn Other Fatal Crashes
NJ 203 34.6 146 24.9 180 30.7 25 4.3 24 4.1 7 1.2 586 100.0
NM 89 29.0 39 12.7 87 28.3 15 4.9 74 24.1 3 1.0 307 100.0
NY 365 33.4 324 29.7 314 28.8 37 3.4 35 3.2 17 1.6 1,092 100.0
NC 422 37.0 178 15.6 424 37.2 20 1.8 79 6.9 17 1.5 1,140 100.0
ND 51 39.2 9 6.9 22 16.9 3 2.3 42 32.3 3 2.3 130 100.0
OH 384 40.8 116 12.3 357 37.9 26 2.8 53 5.6 5 0.5 941 100.0
OK 232 38.1 42 6.9 205 33.7 18 3.0 98 16.1 14 2.3 609 100.0
OR 99 31.9 61 19.7 85 27.4 8 2.6 48 15.5 8 2.6 310 100.0
PA 431 36.2 154 12.9 481 40.4 36 3.0 67 5.6 22 1.8 1,191 100.0
RI 17 27.0 13 20.6 27 42.9 2 3.2 3 4.8 1 1.6 63 100.0

SC 261 34.0 118 15.4 306 39.9 13 1.7 66 8.6 3 0.4 767 100.0
SD 29 28.7 8 7.9 19 18.8 7 6.9 38 37.6 0 0.0 101 100.0
TN 323 37.0 83 9.5 366 41.9 14 1.6 64 7.3 24 2.7 874 100.0
TX 1,049 38.1 426 15.5 804 29.2 74 2.7 382 13.9 17 0.6 2,752 100.0
UT 70 31.7 36 16.3 70 31.7 7 3.2 33 14.9 5 2.3 221 100.0
VT 17 35.4 4 8.3 19 39.6 0 0.0 8 16.7 0 0.0 48 100.0

VA 234 33.4 73 10.4 312 44.6 21 3.0 49 7.0 11 1.6 700 100.0
WA 134 31.6 77 18.2 134 31.6 10 2.4 56 13.2 11 2.6 424 100.0
WV 113 35.4 19 6.0 140 43.9 6 1.9 36 11.3 5 1.6 319 100.0
WI 204 38.3 66 12.4 181 34.0 27 5.1 47 8.8 7 1.3 532 100.0
WY 36 30.0 6 5.0 39 32.5 3 2.5 34 28.3 2 1.7 120 100.0
USA 10,696 35.9 4,886 16.4 9,962 33.5 835 2.8 2,955 9.9 395 1.3 *29,757 100.0
PR 112 32.8 118 34.6 96 28.2 3 0.9 4 1.2 8 2.3 341 100.0
*Total includes 28 crashes with unknown first harmful event.

147
Table 108
Fatal Crashes, by State and Roadway Function Class
Roadway Function Class
Principal Arterial
Interstate Total
Freeway and Minor Fatal
State Rural Urban Expressway Other Arterial Collector Local Unknown Crashes
AL 43 43 134 90 156 233 107 4 810

AK 12 4 3 13 7 12 9 3 63
AZ 96 34 24 182 138 148 129 3 754
AR 34 35 7 121 81 112 116 1 507

CA 111 235 264 938 426 383 237 0 2,594
CO 27 35 6 150 85 63 41 0 407
CT 2 32 25 37 45 30 31 5 207
DE 0 5 1 32 18 22 16 0 94
DC 0 2 1 0 0 0 19 0 22
FL 90 166 50 636 380 32 845 11 2,210

GA 66 84 14 240 288 224 164 36 1,116
HI 0 7 4 29 22 16 19 0 97
ID 14 3 3 47 20 33 27 5 152
IL 34 60 10 209 194 198 129 1 835
IN 42 30 0 0 96 208 299 0 675
IA 27 9 0 72 47 85 89 0 329
KS 38 0 1 108 62 69 72 0 350
KY 41 16 2 164 91 237 119 0 670
LA 31 52 2 142 120 169 113 0 629

ME 4 0 0 12 45 4 61 0 126
MD 1 58 37 136 86 87 47 3 455
MA 4 39 35 60 41 14 112 16 321
MI 26 68 24 229 201 177 104 5 834
MN 10 19 10 77 83 92 43 0 334
MS 53 2 11 95 19 300 87 0 567
MO 34 50 49 142 127 202 109 1 714
MT 34 0 0 68 33 20 28 4 187
NE 19 3 0 47 33 22 40 0 164
NV 22 10 7 55 70 15 39 5 223
NH 7 5 0 8 1 28 35 0 84
Table 108
Fatal Crashes, by State and Roadway Function Class (Continued)
Principal Arterial
Interstate Total
Freeway and Minor Fatal
State Rural Urban Expressway Other Arterial Collector Local Unknown Crashes
NJ 7 58 54 180 140 52 92 3 586

NM 63 3 1 219 0 2 13 6 307
NY 50 42 21 308 178 119 374 0 1,092
NC 60 33 25 230 199 273 319 1 1,140

ND 4 3 0 48 24 17 34 0 130
OH 44 61 21 174 148 314 179 0 941
OK 50 24 7 114 91 138 185 0 609

OR 18 8 0 111 68 73 32 0 310
PA 51 74 28 311 286 215 226 0 1,191
RI 0 8 7 26 4 2 16 0 63
SC 72 35 10 158 169 221 50 52 767
SD 19 1 0 20 24 25 12 0 101
TN 50 60 17 191 218 210 128 0 874

TX 136 286 203 627 346 419 711 24 2,752
UT 33 26 2 51 47 4 58 0 221
VT 5 1 0 11 8 17 6 0 48
VA 46 47 12 230 126 120 48 71 700
WA 28 31 12 114 90 96 42 11 424
WV 25 13 1 79 67 86 48 0 319
WI 13 21 15 145 110 138 90 0 532
WY 29 9 2 33 9 24 14 0 120
USA 1,725 1,950 1,162 7,519 5,367 5,800 5,963 271 29,757
PR 31 30 10 72 100 55 43 0 341

149
Table 109
Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class
Principal Arterial
Interstate
Freeway and Minor Total
State Rural Urban Expressway Other Arterial Collector Local Unknown Fatalities
AL 48 53 146 101 172 256 114 4 894

AK 17 4 3 13 7 14 11 3 72
AZ 113 38 26 193 147 166 139 3 825
AR 39 40 7 135 83 121 123 1 549

CA 120 257 283 1,012 454 419 246 0 2,791
CO 29 37 7 166 96 69 43 0 447
CT 2 34 30 38 48 31 32 5 220
DE 0 5 1 34 19 23 17 0 99
DC 0 2 1 0 0 0 24 0 27
FL 108 184 61 693 404 35 901 12 2,398

GA 78 88 14 265 323 245 171 39 1,223
HI 0 7 4 30 23 17 19 0 100
ID 19 3 3 53 21 34 29 5 167
IL 36 69 10 224 214 222 142 1 918
IN 55 35 0 0 107 235 318 0 750
IA 32 9 0 84 48 90 97 0 360
KS 42 0 1 122 67 76 78 0 386
KY 45 17 2 177 98 257 125 0 721
LA 33 58 3 154 124 179 124 0 675

ME 4 0 0 12 50 5 65 0 136
MD 1 63 41 144 90 93 49 4 485
MA 4 42 36 63 44 14 118 16 337
MI 28 72 29 242 219 182 112 5 889
MN 11 21 11 89 93 100 43 0 368
MS 71 2 11 112 24 313 97 0 630

MO 38 59 51 154 146 221 114 1 784
MT 35 0 0 79 37 24 30 4 209
NE 27 3 0 52 34 23 42 0 181
NV 25 10 7 68 75 15 40 6 246
NH 7 6 0 9 1 29 38 0 90
Table 109
Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class (Continued)
Principal Arterial
Interstate
Freeway and Minor Total
State Rural Urban Expressway Other Arterial Collector Local Unknown Fatalities
NJ 7 67 59 197 141 56 97 3 627

NM 75 4 1 247 0 2 18 6 353
NY 54 58 21 320 189 125 402 0 1,169
NC 72 34 25 245 214 298 338 1 1,227

ND 5 3 0 55 30 19 36 0 148
OH 49 63 23 185 159 339 198 0 1,016
OK 53 29 8 134 107 168 197 0 696

OR 19 9 0 116 72 80 35 0 331
PA 56 81 31 334 313 232 239 0 1,286
RI 0 8 7 27 5 2 17 0 66
SC 81 38 10 168 182 240 52 57 828
SD 20 1 0 22 24 28 16 0 111
TN 54 61 18 210 233 228 142 0 946

TX 156 306 216 702 399 460 750 27 3,016
UT 38 26 2 58 52 4 60 0 240
VT 5 1 0 13 8 20 8 0 55
VA 54 58 13 245 134 126 54 80 764
WA 31 32 12 126 93 106 42 15 457
WV 28 15 1 85 67 91 50 0 337
WI 14 22 16 161 123 147 99 0 582
WY 30 10 2 39 10 29 15 0 135
USA 1,968 2,144 1,253 8,207 5,823 6,308 6,366 298 32,367
PR 31 31 11 76 105 60 45 0 359

151
Table 110
Persons Killed, Licensed Drivers, Registered Vehicles, Population, and Fatality Rates
by State
Fatalities
Licensed Fatalities Registered per 100,000 Fatalities
Drivers per 100,000 Vehicles Registered Population per 100,000
State (Thousands) Drivers (Thousands) Vehicles (Thousands) Population Total Killed
AL 3,799 23.54 4,812 18.58 4,803 18.61 894

AK 521 13.81 758 9.50 723 9.96 72
AZ 4,592 17.96 5,109 16.15 6,483 12.73 825
AR 1,956 28.07 2,448 22.42 2,938 18.69 549

CA 23,857 11.70 29,177 9.57 37,692 7.40 2,791
CO 3,670 12.18 4,332 10.32 5,117 8.74 447
CT 2,986 7.37 2,829 7.78 3,581 6.14 220

DE 716 13.82 929 10.65 907 10.91 99
DC 395 6.83 316 8.54 618 4.37 27
FL 13,882 17.27 15,469 15.50 19,058 12.58 2,398

GA 6,506 18.80 7,534 16.23 9,815 12.46 1,223
HI 912 10.97 1,148 8.71 1,375 7.27 100
ID 1,084 15.41 1,625 10.28 1,585 10.54 167

IL 8,374 10.96 10,445 8.79 12,869 7.13 918
IN 6,570 11.42 6,133 12.23 6,517 11.51 750
IA 2,192 16.43 3,497 10.30 3,062 11.76 360

KS 2,026 19.06 2,446 15.78 2,871 13.44 386
KY 2,960 24.36 3,763 19.16 4,369 16.50 721
LA 3,186 21.18 4,053 16.66 4,575 14.75 675

ME 1,015 13.40 1,171 11.61 1,328 10.24 136
MD 3,857 12.58 3,906 12.42 5,828 8.32 485
MA 4,683 7.20 5,695 5.92 6,588 5.12 337

MI 7,060 12.59 9,183 9.68 9,876 9.00 889
MN 3,306 11.13 4,910 7.50 5,345 6.89 368
MS 1,927 32.70 2,037 30.94 2,979 21.15 630

MO 4,277 18.33 5,170 15.16 6,011 13.04 784
MT 752 27.77 1,219 17.14 998 20.94 209
NE 1,356 13.34 1,887 9.59 1,843 9.82 181

NV 1,701 14.46 2,152 11.43 2,723 9.03 246
NH 1,057 8.52 1,278 7.04 1,318 6.83 90
Table 110
Persons Killed, Licensed Drivers, Registered Vehicles, Population, and Fatality Rates
by State (Continued)
Fatalities
Licensed Fatalities Registered per 100,000 Fatalities
Drivers per 100,000 Vehicles Registered Population per 100,000
State (Thousands) Drivers (Thousands) Vehicles (Thousands) Population Total Killed
NJ 5,977 10.49 7,940 7.90 8,821 7.11 627

NM 1,419 24.88 1,772 19.92 2,082 16.95 353
NY 11,211 10.43 10,431 11.21 19,465 6.01 1,169
NC 6,569 18.68 6,250 19.63 9,656 12.71 1,227

ND 490 30.20 786 18.83 684 21.64 148
OH 7,982 12.73 10,217 9.94 11,545 8.80 1,016
OK 2,371 29.36 3,429 20.30 3,792 18.36 696

OR 2,774 11.93 3,128 10.58 3,872 8.55 331
PA 8,797 14.62 10,303 12.48 12,743 10.09 1,286
RI 750 8.80 919 7.18 1,051 6.28 66

SC 3,408 24.29 3,827 21.63 4,679 17.70 828
SD 603 18.40 995 11.15 824 13.47 111
TN 4,544 20.82 5,302 17.84 6,403 14.77 946

TX 15,123 19.94 19,617 15.37 25,675 11.75 3,016
UT 1,747 13.73 1,883 12.74 2,817 8.52 240
VT 522 10.54 605 9.09 626 8.78 55

VA 5,467 13.97 6,998 10.92 8,097 9.44 764
WA 5,179 8.82 5,881 7.77 6,830 6.69 457
WV 1,199 28.11 1,458 23.11 1,855 18.16 337

WI 4,147 14.03 5,244 11.10 5,712 10.19 582
WY 422 32.00 798 16.91 568 23.76 135
USA 211,875 15.28 257,512 12.57 311,592 10.39 32,367
PR — — 2,647 13.56 3,707 9.69 359

Note: Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver counts.
Sources: Fatalities—Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS); Licensed Drivers (estimated)—Federal Highway Administration; Registered
Vehicles for USA—R.L. Polk & Co. and Federal Highway Administration; Population—Bureau of the Census.

153
Table 111
Persons Killed, by State and Person Type
Person Type
Driver Passenger Motorcyclist Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Other/Unknown Total Killed
AL 528 59.1 180 20.1 98 11.0 79 8.8 5 0.6 4 0.4 894 100.0
AK 33 45.8 18 25.0 10 13.9 9 12.5 2 2.8 0 0.0 72 100.0
AZ 326 39.5 165 20.0 136 16.5 147 17.8 23 2.8 28 3.4 825 100.0
AR 348 63.4 86 15.7 64 11.7 42 7.7 6 1.1 3 0.5 549 100.0

CA 1,098 39.3 501 18.0 414 14.8 625 22.4 114 4.1 39 1.4 2,791 100.0
CO 228 51.0 86 19.2 78 17.4 45 10.1 8 1.8 2 0.4 447 100.0
CT 117 53.2 33 15.0 36 16.4 26 11.8 8 3.6 0 0.0 220 100.0

DE 46 46.5 15 15.2 19 19.2 18 18.2 0 0.0 1 1.0 99 100.0
DC 6 22.2 7 25.9 4 14.8 8 29.6 1 3.7 1 3.7 27 100.0
FL 899 37.5 391 16.3 464 19.3 490 20.4 125 5.2 29 1.2 2,398 100.0
GA 697 57.0 225 18.4 149 12.2 130 10.6 14 1.1 8 0.7 1,223 100.0
HI 30 30.0 13 13.0 32 32.0 23 23.0 2 2.0 0 0.0 100 100.0
ID 95 56.9 44 26.3 17 10.2 9 5.4 0 0.0 2 1.2 167 100.0

IL 436 47.5 169 18.4 145 15.8 134 14.6 27 2.9 7 0.8 918 100.0
IN 411 54.8 136 18.1 118 15.7 61 8.1 11 1.5 13 1.7 750 100.0
IA 227 63.1 66 18.3 36 10.0 25 6.9 5 1.4 1 0.3 360 100.0

KS 237 61.4 86 22.3 45 11.7 14 3.6 2 0.5 2 0.5 386 100.0
KY 446 61.9 144 20.0 71 9.8 50 6.9 2 0.3 8 1.1 721 100.0
LA 373 55.3 113 16.7 80 11.9 88 13.0 18 2.7 3 0.4 675 100.0
ME 89 65.4 21 15.4 15 11.0 10 7.4 0 0.0 1 0.7 136 100.0
MD 230 47.4 68 14.0 76 15.7 102 21.0 5 1.0 4 0.8 485 100.0
MA 182 54.0 51 15.1 36 10.7 58 17.2 5 1.5 5 1.5 337 100.0

MI 445 50.1 157 17.7 118 13.3 138 15.5 24 2.7 7 0.8 889 100.0
MN 208 56.5 71 19.3 42 11.4 39 10.6 5 1.4 3 0.8 368 100.0
MS 392 62.2 126 20.0 58 9.2 47 7.5 7 1.1 0 0.0 630 100.0
MO 458 58.4 162 20.7 82 10.5 75 9.6 1 0.1 6 0.8 784 100.0
MT 130 62.2 42 20.1 20 9.6 15 7.2 1 0.5 1 0.5 209 100.0
NE 106 58.6 43 23.8 23 12.7 7 3.9 2 1.1 0 0.0 181 100.0

NV 109 44.3 36 14.6 41 16.7 46 18.7 4 1.6 10 4.1 246 100.0
NH 50 55.6 17 18.9 14 15.6 5 5.6 4 4.4 0 0.0 90 100.0
Table 111
Persons Killed, by State and Person Type (Continued)
Person Type
Driver Passenger Motorcyclist Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Other/Unknown Total Killed
NJ 270 43.1 104 16.6 93 14.8 142 22.6 17 2.7 1 0.2 627 100.0
NM 169 47.9 92 26.1 45 12.7 41 11.6 4 1.1 2 0.6 353 100.0
NY 448 38.3 199 17.0 170 14.5 287 24.6 57 4.9 8 0.7 1,169 100.0
NC 636 51.8 233 19.0 168 13.7 160 13.0 25 2.0 5 0.4 1,227 100.0
ND 94 63.5 30 20.3 14 9.5 9 6.1 1 0.7 0 0.0 148 100.0
OH 546 53.7 177 17.4 165 16.2 104 10.2 16 1.6 8 0.8 1,016 100.0
OK 394 56.6 151 21.7 98 14.1 43 6.2 1 0.1 9 1.3 696 100.0
OR 170 51.4 59 17.8 40 12.1 46 13.9 15 4.5 1 0.3 331 100.0
PA 702 54.6 222 17.3 199 15.5 147 11.4 11 0.9 5 0.4 1,286 100.0
RI 31 47.0 6 9.1 15 22.7 14 21.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 66 100.0

SC 417 50.4 154 18.6 129 15.6 113 13.6 15 1.8 0 0.0 828 100.0
SD 57 51.4 32 28.8 14 12.6 7 6.3 1 0.9 0 0.0 111 100.0
TN 564 59.6 178 18.8 115 12.2 80 8.5 5 0.5 4 0.4 946 100.0
TX 1,517 50.3 550 18.2 471 15.6 421 14.0 43 1.4 14 0.5 3,016 100.0
UT 122 50.8 53 22.1 28 11.7 30 12.5 5 2.1 2 0.8 240 100.0
VT 32 58.2 11 20.0 8 14.5 3 5.5 0 0.0 1 1.8 55 100.0

VA 435 56.9 151 19.8 96 12.6 73 9.6 6 0.8 3 0.4 764 100.0
WA 224 49.0 80 17.5 72 15.8 64 14.0 11 2.4 6 1.3 457 100.0
WV 224 66.5 65 19.3 27 8.0 20 5.9 0 0.0 1 0.3 337 100.0

WI 329 56.5 91 15.6 88 15.1 57 9.8 12 2.1 5 0.9 582 100.0
WY 69 51.1 43 31.9 16 11.9 6 4.4 1 0.7 0 0.0 135 100.0
USA 16,430 50.8 5,953 18.4 4,612 14.2 4,432 13.7 677 2.1 263 0.8 32,367 100.0
PR 126 35.1 56 15.6 53 14.8 110 30.6 7 1.9 7 1.9 359 100.0

155
Table 112
Persons Killed, by State and Age Group
Age Group (Years)
State <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Unknown Total Killed
AL 16 16 17 102 77 156 133 149 90 67 68 3 894
AK 3 2 2 6 11 9 8 12 10 5 4 0 72
AZ 12 9 18 78 66 144 105 122 130 63 77 1 825
AR 5 4 13 49 42 111 87 83 78 37 40 0 549
CA 30 29 45 266 323 477 369 444 340 223 239 6 2,791
CO 1 7 9 44 50 71 60 74 71 28 32 0 447
CT 1 1 6 23 35 44 24 32 21 13 20 0 220
DE 1 3 1 8 8 15 18 20 8 5 12 0 99
DC 0 0 0 6 3 7 1 4 1 4 0 1 27
FL 18 18 48 214 222 375 330 434 299 205 233 2 2,398

GA 16 15 31 115 115 187 181 185 171 109 90 8 1,223
HI 1 0 1 14 11 19 11 11 10 9 13 0 100
ID 2 4 3 34 18 22 11 22 24 16 11 0 167
IL 13 11 19 96 89 150 132 145 94 82 87 0 918
IN 10 10 17 82 73 118 101 123 94 52 70 0 750
IA 5 1 9 48 24 56 39 49 32 32 64 1 360
KS 5 5 8 40 42 76 40 63 40 28 39 0 386
KY 7 9 6 62 67 136 111 112 82 65 63 1 721
LA 8 8 13 72 71 148 97 108 76 35 39 0 675

ME 1 1 3 18 17 19 18 13 21 12 13 0 136
MD 5 5 9 60 52 94 44 84 49 33 46 4 485
MA 1 2 1 41 42 49 33 45 41 33 44 5 337
MI 6 5 16 109 103 129 106 149 106 68 92 0 889
MN 3 3 7 44 40 55 35 49 56 31 45 0 368
MS 10 14 18 66 56 119 80 101 84 44 38 0 630

MO 7 8 30 108 73 135 96 114 97 52 64 0 784
MT 0 3 4 20 20 38 31 29 33 13 18 0 209
NE 3 0 1 27 14 28 25 23 27 15 17 1 181
NV 1 2 7 18 20 46 26 44 37 23 21 1 246
NH 1 1 0 8 13 14 11 17 5 8 12 0 90
Table 112
Persons Killed, by State and Age Group (Continued)
Age Group (Years)
State <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Unknown Total Killed
NJ 3 7 14 52 70 100 89 88 81 50 73 0 627
NM 11 3 10 31 42 61 42 67 39 26 18 3 353
NY 5 13 16 99 116 184 148 179 151 97 150 11 1,169
NC 13 14 23 142 128 214 165 213 125 91 98 1 1,227

ND 2 3 6 13 20 30 14 25 14 12 9 0 148
OH 9 11 22 131 97 149 155 145 111 82 104 0 1,016
OK 14 9 15 69 63 122 103 113 70 58 60 0 696

OR 3 7 4 30 34 47 35 55 50 28 38 0 331
PA 9 5 21 156 139 214 157 194 153 104 134 0 1,286
RI 1 0 0 5 2 17 7 15 2 7 10 0 66
SC 10 11 17 87 73 140 132 147 99 63 47 2 828
SD 0 1 2 12 8 24 14 14 15 11 10 0 111
TN 11 12 16 96 91 157 144 152 109 82 76 0 946

TX 47 32 54 336 342 579 430 434 377 188 190 7 3,016
UT 13 1 11 22 18 51 25 30 33 21 15 0 240
VT 2 0 0 11 3 4 6 10 8 6 5 0 55
VA 6 6 17 80 86 125 97 121 102 60 64 0 764
WA 3 3 7 44 47 78 52 58 75 47 41 2 457
WV 1 3 6 42 32 50 46 53 42 33 29 0 337
WI 4 4 12 55 57 84 81 82 81 42 80 0 582
WY 1 3 2 19 17 20 18 22 12 13 8 0 135
USA 360 344 637 3,410 3,282 5,497 4,323 5,077 3,976 2,531 2,870 60 32,367
PR 3 4 6 41 30 60 48 44 44 23 34 22 359

157
Table 113
Occupants Killed, by State and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type
Total
Passenger Occupants
Cars Light Trucks Large Trucks Buses Other Vehicles Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Killed
State No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
AL 389 48.3 293 36.4 16 2.0 1 0.1 9 1.1 0 0.0 708 87.8 98 12.2 806 100.0
AK 14 23.0 33 54.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 6.6 0 0.0 51 83.6 10 16.4 61 100.0
AZ 197 30.4 234 36.1 16 2.5 1 0.2 17 2.6 47 7.3 512 79.0 136 21.0 648 100.0
AR 179 35.8 222 44.4 23 4.6 0 0.0 11 2.2 1 0.2 436 87.2 64 12.8 500 100.0
CA 949 47.0 597 29.6 42 2.1 1 0.0 14 0.7 1 0.0 1,604 79.5 414 20.5 2,018 100.0
CO 149 38.0 151 38.5 12 3.1 0 0.0 2 0.5 0 0.0 314 80.1 78 19.9 392 100.0
CT 103 55.4 41 22.0 4 2.2 0 0.0 2 1.1 0 0.0 150 80.6 36 19.4 186 100.0
DE 44 55.0 17 21.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 61 76.3 19 23.8 80 100.0
DC 11 64.7 2 11.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 13 76.5 4 23.5 17 100.0
FL 714 40.5 527 29.9 29 1.6 2 0.1 22 1.2 7 0.4 1,301 73.7 464 26.3 1,765 100.0
GA 458 42.8 419 39.1 26 2.4 1 0.1 17 1.6 1 0.1 922 86.1 149 13.9 1,071 100.0
HI 17 22.7 23 30.7 1 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.3 0 0.0 43 57.3 32 42.7 75 100.0
ID 70 44.9 56 35.9 5 3.2 0 0.0 8 5.1 0 0.0 139 89.1 17 10.9 156 100.0
IL 369 49.2 208 27.7 16 2.1 0 0.0 11 1.5 1 0.1 605 80.7 145 19.3 750 100.0
IN 308 46.3 208 31.3 25 3.8 0 0.0 6 0.9 0 0.0 547 82.3 118 17.7 665 100.0
IA 147 44.7 118 35.9 12 3.6 0 0.0 16 4.9 0 0.0 293 89.1 36 10.9 329 100.0
KS 164 44.4 141 38.2 7 1.9 2 0.5 10 2.7 0 0.0 324 87.8 45 12.2 369 100.0
KY 307 46.2 237 35.7 18 2.7 1 0.2 30 4.5 0 0.0 593 89.3 71 10.7 664 100.0
LA 226 39.9 244 43.1 11 1.9 0 0.0 5 0.9 0 0.0 486 85.9 80 14.1 566 100.0
ME 72 57.6 30 24.0 3 2.4 0 0.0 4 3.2 1 0.8 110 88.0 15 12.0 125 100.0
MD 206 55.1 81 21.7 8 2.1 0 0.0 2 0.5 1 0.3 298 79.7 76 20.3 374 100.0
MA 169 62.4 60 22.1 3 1.1 0 0.0 1 0.4 2 0.7 235 86.7 36 13.3 271 100.0
MI 354 49.1 222 30.8 7 1.0 4 0.6 16 2.2 0 0.0 603 83.6 118 16.4 721 100.0
MN 164 50.8 101 31.3 4 1.2 1 0.3 11 3.4 0 0.0 281 87.0 42 13.0 323 100.0
MS 221 38.4 280 48.6 9 1.6 3 0.5 5 0.9 0 0.0 518 89.9 58 10.1 576 100.0
MO 319 45.1 276 39.0 18 2.5 0 0.0 12 1.7 0 0.0 625 88.4 82 11.6 707 100.0
MT 72 37.3 92 47.7 3 1.6 0 0.0 6 3.1 0 0.0 173 89.6 20 10.4 193 100.0
NE 75 43.6 66 38.4 3 1.7 0 0.0 5 2.9 0 0.0 149 86.6 23 13.4 172 100.0
NV 73 39.2 64 34.4 6 3.2 0 0.0 2 1.1 0 0.0 145 78.0 41 22.0 186 100.0
NH 42 51.9 24 29.6 1 1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 67 82.7 14 17.3 81 100.0
Table 113
Occupants Killed, by State and Vehicle Type (Continued)
Vehicle Type
Total
Passenger Occupants
Cars Light Trucks Large Trucks Buses Other Vehicles Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Killed
State No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
NJ 248 53.1 109 23.3 12 2.6 3 0.6 2 0.4 0 0.0 374 80.1 93 19.9 467 100.0
NM 108 35.3 132 43.1 12 3.9 1 0.3 2 0.7 6 2.0 261 85.3 45 14.7 306 100.0
NY 398 48.7 204 25.0 7 0.9 18 2.2 18 2.2 2 0.2 647 79.2 170 20.8 817 100.0
NC 482 46.5 351 33.8 18 1.7 1 0.1 15 1.4 2 0.2 869 83.8 168 16.2 1,037 100.0
ND 39 28.3 75 54.3 5 3.6 0 0.0 5 3.6 0 0.0 124 89.9 14 10.1 138 100.0
OH 431 48.3 261 29.3 19 2.1 0 0.0 16 1.8 0 0.0 727 81.5 165 18.5 892 100.0
OK 256 39.8 255 39.7 27 4.2 1 0.2 6 0.9 0 0.0 545 84.8 98 15.2 643 100.0
OR 115 42.8 100 37.2 9 3.3 1 0.4 1 0.4 3 1.1 229 85.1 40 14.9 269 100.0
PA 558 49.6 311 27.6 29 2.6 2 0.2 27 2.4 0 0.0 927 82.3 199 17.7 1,126 100.0
RI 29 55.8 8 15.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 37 71.2 15 28.8 52 100.0

SC 315 45.0 232 33.1 23 3.3 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 571 81.6 129 18.4 700 100.0
SD 44 42.7 41 39.8 2 1.9 0 0.0 2 1.9 0 0.0 89 86.4 14 13.6 103 100.0
TN 400 46.6 310 36.1 16 1.9 0 0.0 13 1.5 4 0.5 743 86.6 115 13.4 858 100.0
TX 971 38.2 1,009 39.7 69 2.7 2 0.1 17 0.7 0 0.0 2,068 81.4 471 18.6 2,539 100.0
UT 86 42.4 80 39.4 5 2.5 0 0.0 4 2.0 0 0.0 175 86.2 28 13.8 203 100.0
VT 26 51.0 16 31.4 1 2.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 43 84.3 8 15.7 51 100.0

VA 314 46.0 240 35.1 20 2.9 4 0.6 9 1.3 0 0.0 587 85.9 96 14.1 683 100.0
WA 180 47.9 111 29.5 7 1.9 2 0.5 4 1.1 0 0.0 304 80.9 72 19.1 376 100.0
WV 140 44.2 122 38.5 8 2.5 0 0.0 20 6.3 0 0.0 290 91.5 27 8.5 317 100.0
WI 227 44.7 169 33.3 10 2.0 1 0.2 13 2.6 0 0.0 420 82.7 88 17.3 508 100.0
WY 32 25.0 69 53.9 8 6.3 0 0.0 3 2.3 0 0.0 112 87.5 16 12.5 128 100.0
USA 11,981 44.3 9,272 34.3 635 2.3 54 0.2 427 1.6 79 0.3 22,448 83.0 4,612 17.0 27,060 100.0
PR 119 50.6 60 25.5 3 1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 182 77.4 53 22.6 235 100.0

159
Table 114
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State
and Restraint Use
Restraint Used No Restraint Used Restraint Use Unknown Total Occupants Killed
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 269 39.4 382 56.0 31 4.5 682 100.0

AK 14 29.8 26 55.3 7 14.9 47 100.0
AZ 166 38.5 219 50.8 46 10.7 431 100.0
AR 150 37.4 220 54.9 31 7.7 401 100.0

CA 921 59.6 523 33.8 102 6.6 1,546 100.0
CO 112 37.3 185 61.7 3 1.0 300 100.0
CT 57 39.6 55 38.2 32 22.2 144 100.0

DE 27 44.3 33 54.1 1 1.6 61 100.0
DC 4 30.8 6 46.2 3 23.1 13 100.0
FL 568 45.8 609 49.1 64 5.2 1,241 100.0

GA 389 44.4 421 48.0 67 7.6 877 100.0
HI 15 37.5 14 35.0 11 27.5 40 100.0
ID 46 36.5 72 57.1 8 6.3 126 100.0

IL 268 46.4 268 46.4 41 7.1 577 100.0
IN 252 48.8 192 37.2 72 14.0 516 100.0
IA 113 42.6 120 45.3 32 12.1 265 100.0

KS 125 41.0 159 52.1 21 6.9 305 100.0
KY 235 43.2 306 56.3 3 0.6 544 100.0
LA 169 36.0 269 57.2 32 6.8 470 100.0

ME 47 46.1 51 50.0 4 3.9 102 100.0
MD 135 47.0 139 48.4 13 4.5 287 100.0
MA 71 31.0 108 47.2 50 21.8 229 100.0

MI 315 54.7 193 33.5 68 11.8 576 100.0
MN 128 48.3 106 40.0 31 11.7 265 100.0
MS 192 38.3 309 61.7 0 0.0 501 100.0

MO 176 29.6 370 62.2 49 8.2 595 100.0
MT 51 31.1 109 66.5 4 2.4 164 100.0
NE 43 30.5 79 56.0 19 13.5 141 100.0

NV 54 39.4 64 46.7 19 13.9 137 100.0
NH 13 19.7 53 80.3 0 0.0 66 100.0
Table 114
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State
and Restraint Use (Continued)
Restraint Used No Restraint Used Restraint Use Unknown Total Occupants Killed
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
NJ 199 55.7 152 42.6 6 1.7 357 100.0

NM 129 53.8 109 45.4 2 0.8 240 100.0
NY 343 57.0 185 30.7 74 12.3 602 100.0
NC 418 50.2 379 45.5 36 4.3 833 100.0

ND 30 26.3 76 66.7 8 7.0 114 100.0
OH 267 38.6 357 51.6 68 9.8 692 100.0
OK 201 39.3 287 56.2 23 4.5 511 100.0

OR 126 58.6 62 28.8 27 12.6 215 100.0
PA 265 30.5 496 57.1 108 12.4 869 100.0
RI 13 35.1 22 59.5 2 5.4 37 100.0

SC 248 45.3 258 47.2 41 7.5 547 100.0
SD 21 24.7 52 61.2 12 14.1 85 100.0
TN 284 40.0 372 52.4 54 7.6 710 100.0

TX 979 49.4 830 41.9 171 8.6 1,980 100.0
UT 73 44.0 78 47.0 15 9.0 166 100.0
VT 24 57.1 17 40.5 1 2.4 42 100.0

VA 247 44.6 301 54.3 6 1.1 554 100.0
WA 157 54.0 103 35.4 31 10.7 291 100.0
WV 85 32.4 132 50.4 45 17.2 262 100.0

WI 170 42.9 189 47.7 37 9.3 396 100.0
WY 35 34.7 63 62.4 3 3.0 101 100.0
USA 9,439 44.4 10,180 47.9 1,634 7.7 21,253 100.0
PR 64 35.8 115 64.2 0 0.0 179 100.0

161
Table 115
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence
Light Trucks
State Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent
AL 389 79 20.3 153 77 50.3 112 63 56.3 27 12 44.4 682 232 34.0
AK 14 2 14.3 18 11 61.1 13 7 53.8 2 1 50.0 47 21 44.7
AZ 197 56 28.4 93 57 61.3 121 91 75.2 20 8 40.0 431 212 49.2
AR 179 50 27.9 115 60 52.2 87 41 47.1 19 7 36.8 401 159 39.7

CA 949 257 27.1 251 114 45.4 272 173 63.6 72 25 34.7 1,546 571 36.9
CO 149 56 37.6 67 51 76.1 66 42 63.6 18 6 33.3 300 155 51.7
CT 103 24 23.3 12 3 25.0 21 6 28.6 8 6 75.0 144 39 27.1

DE 44 8 18.2 7 1 14.3 6 3 50.0 3 1 33.3 61 13 21.3
DC 11 3 27.3 0 0 0.0 2 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 13 3 23.1
FL 714 122 17.1 222 108 48.6 235 143 60.9 69 30 43.5 1,241 403 32.5
GA 458 90 19.7 205 94 45.9 171 92 53.8 41 11 26.8 877 289 33.0
HI 17 4 23.5 11 4 36.4 10 5 50.0 2 1 50.0 40 14 35.0
ID 70 27 38.6 28 19 67.9 20 18 90.0 8 4 50.0 126 68 54.0

IL 369 80 21.7 67 27 40.3 102 52 51.0 38 14 36.8 577 174 30.2
IN 308 63 20.5 77 27 35.1 74 28 37.8 57 18 31.6 516 136 26.4
IA 147 45 30.6 63 33 52.4 41 25 61.0 13 6 46.2 265 109 41.1

KS 164 49 29.9 69 32 46.4 54 30 55.6 16 6 37.5 305 118 38.7
KY 307 64 20.8 136 45 33.1 79 39 49.4 22 4 18.2 544 152 27.9
LA 226 54 23.9 154 75 48.7 73 44 60.3 17 3 17.6 470 176 37.4

ME 72 20 27.8 11 7 63.6 14 3 21.4 5 2 40.0 102 32 31.4
MD 206 29 14.1 31 11 35.5 36 12 33.3 14 5 35.7 287 57 19.9
MA 169 32 18.9 20 10 50.0 31 14 45.2 9 4 44.4 229 60 26.2

MI 354 61 17.2 91 41 45.1 89 38 42.7 42 6 14.3 576 146 25.3
MN 164 43 26.2 40 21 52.5 37 24 64.9 23 6 26.1 265 95 35.8
MS 221 23 10.4 147 35 23.8 113 48 42.5 20 6 30.0 501 112 22.4
MO 319 101 31.7 129 71 55.0 108 60 55.6 39 14 35.9 595 246 41.3
MT 72 25 34.7 51 35 68.6 37 29 78.4 4 1 25.0 164 90 54.9
NE 75 18 24.0 33 17 51.5 22 15 68.2 11 5 45.5 141 55 39.0

NV 73 19 26.0 18 11 61.1 39 30 76.9 7 4 57.1 137 64 46.7
NH 42 12 28.6 9 2 22.2 11 8 72.7 4 1 25.0 66 23 34.8
Table 115
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence (Continued)
Light Trucks
State Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent
NJ 248 33 13.3 21 4 19.0 67 32 47.8 21 7 33.3 357 76 21.3
NM 108 49 45.4 64 38 59.4 50 40 80.0 18 7 38.9 240 134 55.8
NY 398 59 14.8 54 21 38.9 104 41 39.4 46 10 21.7 602 131 21.8
NC 482 130 27.0 155 61 39.4 156 103 66.0 39 14 35.9 833 308 37.0
ND 39 13 33.3 47 30 63.8 23 15 65.2 5 1 20.0 114 59 51.8
OH 431 81 18.8 102 38 37.3 112 48 42.9 47 17 36.2 692 184 26.6
OK 256 70 27.3 153 66 43.1 82 46 56.1 20 6 30.0 511 188 36.8

OR 115 22 19.1 49 29 59.2 39 21 53.8 12 2 16.7 215 74 34.4
PA 558 118 21.1 102 53 52.0 166 74 44.6 43 11 25.6 869 256 29.5
RI 29 5 17.2 2 1 50.0 3 2 66.7 3 1 33.3 37 9 24.3

SC 315 93 29.5 85 33 38.8 122 66 54.1 25 7 28.0 547 199 36.4
SD 44 21 47.7 21 16 76.2 14 12 85.7 6 3 50.0 85 52 61.2
TN 400 104 26.0 159 58 36.5 129 77 59.7 22 8 36.4 710 247 34.8
TX 971 247 25.4 554 262 47.3 371 228 61.5 81 23 28.4 1,980 762 38.5
UT 86 25 29.1 29 24 82.8 40 26 65.0 11 4 36.4 166 79 47.6
VT 26 6 23.1 6 1 16.7 6 4 66.7 4 1 25.0 42 12 28.6

VA 314 78 24.8 104 45 43.3 104 56 53.8 32 13 40.6 554 192 34.7
WA 180 55 30.6 52 18 34.6 48 19 39.6 11 1 9.1 291 93 32.0
WV 140 33 23.6 66 33 50.0 47 22 46.8 9 4 44.4 262 92 35.1

WI 227 72 31.7 73 34 46.6 64 30 46.9 32 11 34.4 396 147 37.1
WY 32 12 37.5 30 24 80.0 28 23 82.1 11 5 45.5 101 64 63.4
USA 11,981 2,842 23.7 4,256 1,988 46.7 3,871 2,168 56.0 1,128 373 33.1 21,253 7,382 34.7
PR 119 12 10.1 19 0 0.0 35 10 28.6 6 5 83.3 179 27 15.1

*Total includes occupants of other and unknown light trucks.

163
Table 116
2011 Ranking of State Pedestrian Fatality Rates
Pedestrians Population Pedestrian Fatality Rate
Rank State Killed (Thousands) per 100,000 Population
1 Florida 490 19,058 2.57

2 South Carolina 113 4,679 2.41
3 Arizona 147 6,483 2.27
4 Delaware 18 907 1.98

5 New Mexico 41 2,082 1.97
6 Louisiana 88 4,575 1.92
7 Maryland 102 5,828 1.75

8 Nevada 46 2,723 1.69
9 Hawaii 23 1,375 1.67
10 California 625 37,692 1.66

11 North Carolina 160 9,656 1.66
12 Alabama 79 4,803 1.64
13 Texas 421 25,675 1.64

14 New Jersey 142 8,821 1.61
15 Mississippi 47 2,979 1.58
16 Montana 15 998 1.50

17 New York 287 19,465 1.47
18 Arkansas 42 2,938 1.43
19 Michigan 138 9,876 1.40

20 Rhode Island 14 1,051 1.33
21 Georgia 130 9,815 1.32
22 North Dakota 9 684 1.32

23 District of Columbia 8 618 1.29
24 Tennessee 80 6,403 1.25
25 Missouri 75 6,011 1.25

26 Alaska 9 723 1.25
27 Oregon 46 3,872 1.19
Table 116
2011 Ranking of State Pedestrian Fatality Rates (Continued)
Pedestrians Population Pedestrian Fatality Rate
Rank State Killed (Thousands) per 100,000 Population
28 Pennsylvania 147 12,743 1.15

29 Kentucky 50 4,369 1.14
30 Oklahoma 43 3,792 1.13
31 West Virginia 20 1,855 1.08

32 Utah 30 2,817 1.06
33 Wyoming 6 568 1.06
34 Illinois 134 12,869 1.04

35 Wisconsin 57 5,712 1.00
36 Washington 64 6,830 0.94
37 Indiana 61 6,517 0.94

38 Virginia 73 8,097 0.90
39 Ohio 104 11,545 0.90
40 Massachusetts 58 6,588 0.88

41 Colorado 45 5,117 0.88
42 South Dakota 7 824 0.85
43 Iowa 25 3,062 0.82

44 Maine 10 1,328 0.75
45 Minnesota 39 5,345 0.73
46 Connecticut 26 3,581 0.73

47 Idaho 9 1,585 0.57
48 Kansas 14 2,871 0.49
49 Vermont 3 626 0.48

50 Nebraska 7 1,843 0.38
51 New Hampshire 5 1,318 0.38
USA 4,432 311,592 1.42
Puerto Rico 110 3,707 2.97

165
Table 117
Persons Killed, by State and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
in the Crash
Highest Driver* Blood Alcohol Concentration in Crash
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 Fatalities (BAC = .08+) BAC = .01+ Total Killed**
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 586 65 50 6 259 29 309 35 894 100
AK 47 66 3 5 21 28 24 33 72 100
AZ 536 65 48 6 215 26 263 32 825 100
AR 350 64 39 7 156 28 194 35 549 100

CA 1,896 68 112 4 774 28 886 32 2,791 100
CO 274 61 13 3 161 36 173 39 447 100
CT 121 55 7 3 92 42 99 45 220 100

DE 56 56 3 3 41 41 43 44 99 100
DC 14 50 5 20 8 30 13 50 27 100
FL 1,532 64 137 6 716 30 854 36 2,398 100

GA 900 74 46 4 277 23 323 26 1,223 100
HI 50 50 6 6 44 44 50 50 100 100
ID 112 67 5 3 50 30 55 33 167 100

IL 593 65 44 5 278 30 323 35 918 100
IN 506 67 36 5 207 28 243 32 750 100
IA 264 73 14 4 83 23 96 27 360 100

KS 253 66 23 6 108 28 131 34 386 100
KY 517 72 30 4 171 24 201 28 721 100
LA 420 62 30 4 226 33 255 38 675 100

ME 97 71 16 12 23 17 39 29 136 100
MD 293 60 30 6 162 33 192 40 485 100
MA 204 61 15 5 114 34 130 39 337 100

MI 593 67 39 4 255 29 294 33 889 100
MN 233 63 22 6 109 30 131 36 368 100
MS 467 74 14 2 149 24 163 26 630 100

MO 479 61 40 5 258 33 299 38 784 100
MT 119 57 8 4 81 39 88 42 209 100
NE 127 70 8 5 45 25 54 30 181 100

NV 155 63 21 9 70 28 91 37 246 100
NH 61 68 2 2 27 30 29 32 90 100
Table 117
Persons Killed, by State and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
in the Crash (Continued)
Highest Driver* Blood Alcohol Concentration in Crash

BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 Fatalities (BAC = .08+) BAC = .01+ Total Killed**
NJ 398 63 34 5 193 31 227 36 627 100
NM 233 66 14 4 105 30 119 34 353 100
NY 781 67 72 6 315 27 387 33 1,169 100
NC 807 66 52 4 365 30 417 34 1,227 100

ND 81 55 3 2 64 43 67 45 148 100
OH 654 64 42 4 316 31 358 35 1,016 100
OK 448 64 29 4 220 32 249 36 696 100

OR 215 65 18 5 97 29 116 35 331 100
PA 819 64 58 4 407 32 464 36 1,286 100
RI 39 59 3 4 24 37 27 41 66 100
SC 448 54 65 8 315 38 379 46 828 100
SD 74 66 5 4 33 29 37 34 111 100
TN 639 68 50 5 257 27 307 32 946 100

TX 1,614 54 184 6 1,213 40 1,397 46 3,016 100
UT 177 74 10 4 53 22 63 26 240 100
VT 31 56 5 9 18 33 23 42 55 100
VA 488 64 50 7 224 29 274 36 764 100
WA 275 60 26 6 156 34 182 40 457 100
WV 229 68 16 5 90 27 106 32 337 100

WI 354 61 31 5 196 34 227 39 582 100
WY 94 69 3 2 38 28 41 31 135 100
USA 20,752 64 1,633 5 9,878 31 11,510 36 32,367 100
PR 231 64 27 8 101 28 128 36 359 100

**Total includes fatalities in crashes in which there was no driver or motorcycle rider present.

167
Table 118
Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
of the Driver
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver* Total Drivers*
Involved in
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Fatal Crashes
AL 923 76 46 4 240 20 286 24 1,209 100
AK 67 74 5 6 18 20 24 26 91 100
AZ 856 78 42 4 194 18 236 22 1,092 100
AR 548 75 33 4 152 21 184 25 732 100

CA 2,909 78 121 3 719 19 840 22 3,749 100
CO 426 73 14 2 147 25 161 27 587 100
CT 196 67 8 3 87 30 95 33 291 100

DE 95 68 4 3 42 30 46 32 141 100
DC 20 68 4 14 5 17 9 32 29 100
FL 2,483 76 127 4 672 20 798 24 3,281 100

GA 1,378 82 47 3 259 15 307 18 1,684 100
HI 90 64 7 5 43 31 50 36 140 100
ID 161 75 5 2 48 23 53 25 214 100

IL 943 76 47 4 257 21 303 24 1,246 100
IN 808 78 34 3 200 19 234 22 1,042 100
IA 375 79 17 4 81 17 98 21 473 100

KS 417 77 24 4 100 19 124 23 541 100
KY 821 82 27 3 151 15 178 18 999 100
LA 683 73 30 3 217 23 247 27 930 100

ME 131 77 15 9 23 14 38 23 169 100
MD 502 73 31 5 153 22 184 27 686 100
MA 323 71 17 4 114 25 131 29 454 100

MI 949 77 40 3 238 19 278 23 1,227 100
MN 383 76 21 4 99 20 120 24 503 100
MS 648 80 14 2 146 18 159 20 807 100

MO 714 72 41 4 236 24 276 28 990 100
MT 180 69 8 3 74 28 82 31 262 100
NE 206 80 7 3 43 17 51 20 257 100

NV 243 74 20 6 65 20 85 26 328 100
NH 92 77 2 1 26 22 28 23 120 100
Table 118
Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
of the Driver (Continued)
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver* Total Drivers*

Involved in
NJ 647 74 37 4 189 22 225 26 872 100
NM 318 76 12 3 89 21 101 24 419 100
NY 1,163 76 70 5 297 19 367 24 1,530 100
NC 1,271 76 54 3 346 21 399 24 1,670 100

ND 128 68 3 2 56 30 59 32 187 100
OH 1,088 76 44 3 300 21 344 24 1,431 100
OK 669 74 28 3 204 23 232 26 900 100

OR 325 75 18 4 91 21 109 25 434 100
PA 1,331 75 57 3 383 22 440 25 1,771 100
RI 56 68 3 3 24 29 26 32 82 100
SC 714 66 65 6 307 28 372 34 1,086 100
SD 106 78 5 4 26 19 30 22 136 100
TN 1,045 78 50 4 237 18 287 22 1,332 100

TX 2,765 67 177 4 1,186 29 1,363 33 4,128 100
UT 279 83 10 3 47 14 57 17 336 100
VT 44 67 3 5 19 28 22 33 66 100
VA 753 75 47 5 207 21 254 25 1,007 100
WA 428 72 25 4 144 24 169 28 596 100
WV 361 78 16 4 85 18 102 22 463 100

WI 573 73 32 4 180 23 212 27 785 100
WY 125 77 3 2 35 21 38 23 163 100
USA 32,758 75 1,614 4 9,296 21 10,910 25 43,668 100
PR 353 73 30 6 100 21 129 27 482 100

169
Table 119
Drivers Killed in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
of the Driver
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver*
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Total Drivers* Killed
AL 402 65 25 4 196 31 221 35 623 100
AK 25 59 3 7 14 34 17 41 42 100
AZ 296 66 24 5 126 28 150 34 445 100
AR 255 62 27 7 126 31 153 38 408 100

CA 969 65 62 4 454 31 516 35 1,484 100
CO 180 60 13 4 109 36 122 40 302 100
CT 82 54 6 4 64 42 69 46 151 100
DE 32 49 2 3 31 48 32 51 64 100
DC 4 40 3 31 3 29 6 60 10 100
FL 790 60 80 6 455 34 535 40 1,325 100

GA 621 74 27 3 191 23 218 26 839 100
HI 27 46 3 6 28 48 32 54 59 100
ID 69 61 4 3 40 35 43 39 112 100
IL 370 65 29 5 169 30 198 35 568 100
IN 350 67 19 4 155 30 174 33 524 100
IA 183 71 12 4 64 25 76 29 259 100

KS 191 68 14 5 76 27 89 32 280 100
KY 375 73 16 3 122 24 138 27 513 100
LA 268 60 17 4 163 36 181 40 449 100

ME 73 71 13 13 17 17 30 29 103 100
MD 186 61 23 7 97 32 119 39 305 100
MA 138 63 11 5 69 32 80 37 218 100

MI 371 67 22 4 164 29 186 33 557 100
MN 157 65 11 5 74 30 85 35 242 100
MS 331 74 8 2 107 24 115 26 445 100

MO 338 63 22 4 175 33 197 37 535 100
MT 88 59 5 3 56 38 61 41 148 100
NE 89 70 6 5 32 25 38 30 127 100
NV 91 61 14 9 44 29 58 39 149 100
NH 45 70 0 1 19 30 19 30 64 100
Table 119
Drivers Killed in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
of the Driver (Continued)
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver*

BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Total Drivers* Killed
NJ 232 64 19 5 110 31 129 36 361 100
NM 143 67 7 3 63 30 69 33 212 100
NY 414 68 45 7 153 25 198 32 612 100
NC 517 65 32 4 243 31 274 35 791 100

ND 57 53 2 2 47 45 49 47 106 100
OH 461 66 24 3 218 31 242 34 703 100
OK 295 61 17 4 168 35 185 39 479 100

OR 128 62 12 6 67 33 79 38 207 100
PA 570 64 34 4 287 32 321 36 891 100
RI 26 57 2 5 17 38 19 43 45 100
SC 302 56 44 8 194 36 238 44 540 100
SD 49 71 4 5 16 24 20 29 69 100
TN 468 69 30 4 175 26 206 31 674 100

TX 1,081 55 105 5 772 39 877 45 1,958 100
UT 107 71 6 4 36 24 43 29 149 100
VT 22 54 3 8 15 38 18 46 40 100
VA 341 64 35 7 154 29 188 36 529 100
WA 175 60 15 5 104 35 119 40 294 100
WV 177 71 12 5 60 24 72 29 249 100

WI 249 61 19 5 143 35 161 39 410 100
WY 56 67 1 1 27 33 28 33 84 100
USA 13,260 64 986 5 6,507 31 7,493 36 20,753 100
PR 103 59 12 7 60 34 73 41 175 100

171
Table 120
Surviving Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State
and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of the Driver
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver* Total Surviving
Drivers* in
AL 521 89 21 4 45 8 65 11 586 100
AK 43 87 2 4 4 8 6 13 49 100
AZ 560 87 18 3 69 11 87 13 647 100
AR 293 90 5 2 26 8 31 10 324 100

CA 1,940 86 59 3 266 12 325 14 2,265 100
CO 246 86 2 1 38 13 39 14 285 100
CT 114 82 3 2 23 17 26 19 140 100

DE 64 83 2 2 12 15 13 17 77 100
DC 16 83 1 6 2 11 3 17 19 100
FL 1,693 87 46 2 217 11 263 13 1,956 100

GA 756 90 20 2 69 8 89 10 845 100
HI 63 77 4 5 14 18 18 23 81 100
ID 92 90 1 1 9 8 10 10 102 100
IL 573 84 18 3 87 13 105 16 678 100
IN 458 88 15 3 45 9 60 12 518 100
IA 191 89 6 3 17 8 23 11 214 100

KS 226 87 10 4 25 9 35 13 261 100
KY 446 92 11 2 29 6 40 8 486 100
LA 415 86 13 3 53 11 66 14 481 100

ME 58 88 2 3 6 9 8 12 66 100
MD 316 83 9 2 56 15 65 17 381 100
MA 185 78 6 3 45 19 51 22 236 100

MI 578 86 18 3 74 11 92 14 670 100
MN 226 87 9 4 26 10 35 13 261 100
MS 318 88 6 2 39 11 45 12 362 100

MO 376 83 18 4 61 13 79 17 455 100
MT 93 81 3 3 18 16 21 19 114 100
NE 118 90 1 1 11 9 13 10 130 100

NV 152 85 6 4 21 12 27 15 179 100
NH 48 85 1 2 7 13 8 15 56 100
Table 120
Surviving Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State
and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of the Driver (Continued)
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver* Total Surviving
Drivers* in
NJ 415 81 18 3 78 15 96 19 511 100
NM 175 85 6 3 26 13 32 15 207 100
NY 749 82 25 3 144 16 169 18 918 100
NC 754 86 22 2 103 12 125 14 879 100

ND 71 88 1 2 9 10 10 12 81 100
OH 627 86 20 3 82 11 101 14 728 100
OK 374 89 11 3 36 9 47 11 421 100

OR 197 87 7 3 23 10 30 13 227 100
PA 761 86 23 3 96 11 119 14 880 100
RI 30 81 0 1 7 18 7 19 37 100
SC 412 75 21 4 113 21 134 25 546 100
SD 57 85 1 2 9 14 10 15 67 100
TN 577 88 20 3 62 9 81 12 658 100

TX 1,684 78 73 3 413 19 486 22 2,170 100
UT 173 92 4 2 10 6 14 8 187 100
VT 23 87 0 0 3 13 3 13 26 100
VA 412 86 12 3 54 11 66 14 478 100
WA 252 84 10 3 40 13 50 16 302 100
WV 184 86 5 2 25 12 30 14 214 100

WI 325 87 13 3 37 10 50 13 375 100
WY 69 87 3 3 8 10 10 13 79 100
USA 19,498 85 628 3 2,789 12 3,417 15 22,915 100
PR 250 81 17 6 40 13 57 19 307 100

173
Table 121
Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class
Speeding-Related Fatalities by Roadway Function Class
Interstate Non-Interstate
Total
Traffic Freeway and Other Principal
State Fatalities Total Rural Urban Expressway Arterial Minor Arterial Collector Local
AL 894 298 15 14 22 22 46 115 64

AK 72 26 2 2 1 4 2 4 8
AZ 825 294 53 14 14 48 48 57 60
AR 549 86 5 2 0 11 8 20 40
CA 2,791 890 34 108 108 292 137 138 73
CO 447 183 11 5 3 49 56 36 23
CT 220 73 0 12 11 14 12 7 16
DE 99 34 0 4 0 14 8 3 5
DC 27 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 8
FL 2,398 296 9 27 5 60 29 2 164

GA 1,223 220 11 17 4 36 41 47 57
HI 100 45 0 2 2 15 11 6 9
ID 167 45 4 0 1 12 7 8 10
IL 918 439 15 49 4 96 86 100 88
IN 750 153 14 7 0 0 14 40 78
IA 360 64 1 1 0 20 5 17 20
KS 386 109 10 0 0 23 24 19 33
KY 721 141 7 5 1 25 27 57 19
LA 675 214 9 15 1 38 37 59 55
ME 136 69 1 0 0 4 20 2 42
MD 485 142 1 26 12 28 25 31 18
MA 337 103 1 14 11 13 10 7 41
MI 889 238 7 23 10 47 46 65 40
MN 368 86 4 4 3 16 20 28 11
MS 630 104 6 0 1 10 1 65 21
MO 784 310 10 22 15 42 58 101 62
MT 209 76 11 0 0 25 12 15 12
NE 181 33 4 0 0 9 5 2 13
NV 246 76 3 4 2 17 19 8 18
NH 90 39 4 3 0 4 1 7 20
Table 121
Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class (Continued)
Speeding-Related Fatalities by Roadway Function Class
Interstate Non-Interstate
Total
Traffic Freeway and Other Principal
State Fatalities Total Rural Urban Expressway Arterial Minor Arterial Collector Local
NJ 627 174 6 21 19 44 33 16 34
NM 353 147 19 2 0 103 0 0 17
NY 1,169 338 15 35 8 76 50 35 119
NC 1,227 474 21 13 7 67 80 127 159

ND 148 51 3 0 0 11 9 8 20
OH 1,016 299 13 21 8 43 50 88 76
OK 696 213 17 15 4 20 31 44 82
OR 331 103 4 1 0 29 20 35 14
PA 1,286 615 24 38 19 124 143 140 127
RI 66 19 0 0 2 7 4 0 6
SC 828 276 23 19 5 42 48 97 20
SD 111 37 7 0 0 7 5 12 6
TN 946 215 13 16 6 32 41 66 41
TX 3,016 1,165 53 119 86 218 118 214 345
UT 240 90 16 7 0 20 14 1 32
VT 55 20 0 1 0 3 1 10 5
VA 764 287 16 20 5 84 51 51 26
WA 457 165 6 10 5 34 34 47 22
WV 337 114 8 4 0 17 15 42 28
WI 582 195 4 6 9 38 37 53 48
WY 135 51 5 2 0 13 6 14 11
USA 32,367 *9,944 525 732 414 2,026 1,605 2,166 2,366
PR 359 138 17 12 4 17 50 24 14
*Includes 110 speeding-related fatalities that occurred on roadways for which the function class was unknown.

175
Table 122
Rural Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Response Times
Average Response Time (Minutes)*
Time of Crash EMS Notification EMS Arrival at Crash Scene Time of Crash
to EMS Notification to EMS Arrival at Crash Scene to Hospital Arrival to Hospital Arrival
Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Fatal
State Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Crashes
AL 15.63 73.8 15.77 70.3 34.43 78.7 61.37 80.3 461
AK 2.00 97.4 6.00 97.4 NA NA NA NA 39
AZ 3.35 30.6 15.53 28.8 56.60 82.6 69.27 83.5 333
AR 6.51 32.4 13.08 25.2 17.00 99.7 27.00 99.7 389

CA 1.17 98.3 8.00 99.8 NA NA NA NA 1,079
CO 5.54 61.2 13.08 64.2 45.16 81.6 56.77 82.6 201
CT 0.71 33.3 6.64 38.9 24.38 77.8 23.43 80.6 36

DE 4.30 1.9 9.62 1.9 29.82 27.8 43.72 27.8 54
DC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0
FL 2.71 96.0 6.72 95.9 NA NA 63.00 99.9 882

GA 4.32 64.3 10.80 51.7 44.75 61.7 55.12 63.1 561
HI 4.28 7.7 9.89 2.6 32.73 33.3 44.31 33.3 39
ID 5.03 13.9 14.37 4.9 NA NA NA NA 122

IL 3.33 4.2 19.00 99.4 22.00 99.7 42.00 99.7 353
IN 3.10 3.1 7.76 0.0 NA NA NA NA 419
IA 4.58 22.4 12.62 17.3 29.73 48.9 45.79 50.7 272

KS 6.60 15.8 12.98 10.4 34.76 40.5 51.72 43.0 279
KY 4.78 19.2 11.33 10.6 36.59 46.3 51.07 47.0 521
LA 5.99 11.8 12.91 5.3 41.24 44.5 57.40 45.8 321

ME 4.74 5.6 10.86 0.0 31.91 39.2 45.95 40.0 125
MD NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 159
MA 5.80 88.1 7.17 85.7 47.50 95.2 64.00 95.2 42

MI 4.83 30.0 9.85 28.3 NA NA NA NA 367
MN 2.94 19.2 12.12 28.6 39.18 63.4 51.96 63.8 224
MS 14.75 49.0 20.73 49.0 27.32 52.7 62.97 53.0 455

MO 9.88 48.5 15.20 40.4 41.58 58.4 62.29 61.8 445
MT 10.25 17.3 15.89 7.4 42.15 43.8 55.41 51.9 162
NE NA NA 0.00 99.2 0.00 99.2 NA NA 123

NV 7.39 22.5 18.05 9.0 40.85 48.3 53.63 53.9 89
NH 0.83 1.6 9.16 0.0 28.20 34.4 37.58 34.4 61
Table 122
Rural Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Response Times (Continued)

Total
NJ 6.87 33.7 14.32 16.9 34.16 47.0 53.51 48.2 83
NM NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 234
NY 3.43 20.8 8.93 18.2 39.50 56.5 48.35 58.4 490
NC 9.08 75.5 10.35 25.7 40.49 61.1 48.21 62.1 763

ND 7.75 42.2 15.64 33.6 40.86 62.9 58.95 62.9 116
OH 6.70 23.8 9.72 22.9 35.39 50.7 49.65 51.3 608
OK 7.29 51.3 13.74 24.8 46.10 54.3 60.87 56.8 431

OR 5.05 13.1 14.03 4.5 47.68 57.3 63.09 61.3 199
PA 5.46 56.1 11.45 41.2 36.88 70.5 50.27 71.2 583
RI 1.67 0.0 8.00 0.0 32.67 50.0 40.00 50.0 6

SC 12.13 79.9 12.09 74.4 29.83 78.3 45.34 79.9 641
SD 4.71 24.4 14.49 20.9 40.07 47.7 54.57 51.2 86
TN 8.21 97.2 12.24 96.5 52.93 97.0 58.85 97.4 492

TX 8.77 61.4 14.74 58.3 41.96 58.1 62.14 59.2 1,295
UT 5.66 11.8 17.77 9.8 35.89 82.4 52.75 84.3 102
VT 4.04 24.3 10.65 0.0 35.00 37.8 46.35 37.8 37

VA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 372
WA 4.69 52.0 9.59 32.5 46.98 82.5 54.26 83.3 252
WV 8.31 54.2 15.10 52.4 42.01 68.9 59.94 71.1 225

WI 4.49 16.5 11.83 22.1 36.83 68.5 50.64 68.5 340
WY 11.13 27.1 19.33 25.9 43.41 60.0 63.20 64.7 85
USA 6.17 53.0 12.39 48.6 38.65 72.7 54.49 73.8 16,053
PR 7.97 83.0 12.27 81.9 NA NA NA NA 182

NA = not available or not applicable.

177
Table 123
Urban Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Response Times
Total
AL 7.17 74.9 8.98 70.0 26.38 81.6 41.74 82.1 347
AK 0.00 95.8 7.00 95.8 NA NA NA NA 24
AZ 1.96 37.1 5.60 29.7 24.61 56.5 30.86 56.7 418
AR 3.44 28.0 7.22 17.8 NA NA NA NA 118

CA 2.00 99.0 7.13 99.5 NA NA 25.38 99.5 1,515
CO 1.93 34.5 5.70 34.0 24.64 64.6 31.21 64.6 206
CT 1.38 22.2 6.40 34.1 30.29 66.5 36.81 65.9 167

DE 2.77 22.5 4.72 20.0 22.90 47.5 29.23 45.0 40
DC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 22
FL 2.91 97.5 6.32 97.4 NA NA 4.00 99.9 1,317

GA 2.82 37.6 6.91 29.4 32.99 46.7 40.94 47.1 537
HI 2.84 15.5 7.07 5.2 24.73 31.0 34.08 31.0 58
ID 2.44 10.0 6.34 3.3 NA NA NA NA 30

IL 1.90 3.7 18.40 97.9 9.00 99.4 33.00 99.8 482
IN 3.82 5.1 8.96 1.6 NA NA NA NA 256
IA 2.47 17.5 6.96 8.8 23.03 38.6 28.27 42.1 57

KS 2.52 14.1 6.98 8.5 24.39 38.0 34.91 38.0 71
KY 2.87 14.8 6.86 11.4 30.39 36.2 40.29 36.2 149
LA 4.41 20.1 7.12 11.7 29.13 40.6 39.53 42.9 308

ME 4.00 0.0 4.00 0.0 26.00 0.0 34.00 0.0 1
MD NA NA NA NA NA NA 110.00 99.7 293
MA 4.07 74.4 5.85 69.3 27.90 78.3 36.05 78.3 277

MI 2.17 42.8 5.95 41.1 NA NA NA NA 467
MN 0.79 19.1 7.65 42.7 24.84 66.4 32.89 66.4 110
MS 8.72 42.9 19.49 42.0 24.13 44.6 52.62 45.5 112

MO 5.50 42.8 7.17 36.1 24.98 46.5 36.81 48.0 269
MT 1.81 12.5 6.96 4.2 21.95 20.8 29.16 20.8 24
NE NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 41
NV 1.60 7.5 6.31 6.8 23.81 27.8 30.41 28.6 133
NH 0.05 4.3 7.86 4.3 25.35 26.1 32.76 26.1 23
Table 123
Urban Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Response Times (Continued)

Total
NJ 5.94 43.0 10.55 28.9 27.84 47.0 43.04 48.2 502
NM NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 73
NY 2.72 54.5 5.98 53.8 25.89 71.4 33.28 71.8 602
NC 3.83 43.9 6.95 24.7 27.54 51.3 34.96 52.1 376

ND 1.77 7.1 5.31 7.1 28.17 14.3 26.91 21.4 14
OH 2.98 21.0 5.57 20.4 23.79 38.1 32.33 38.1 333
OK 3.01 50.0 7.00 37.6 28.67 52.8 36.44 52.8 178

OR 1.39 2.7 5.95 1.8 30.87 45.9 39.05 45.9 111
PA 3.46 46.2 6.84 32.6 28.54 54.4 36.39 55.4 608
RI 3.13 31.6 5.37 10.5 24.86 14.0 33.00 17.5 57

SC 14.71 73.0 11.20 63.5 29.32 69.8 50.11 69.8 126
SD 5.00 0.0 6.40 0.0 26.18 26.7 34.09 26.7 15
TN 3.67 99.2 6.67 99.2 40.67 99.2 37.36 97.1 382

TX 5.39 49.4 7.72 46.3 27.43 45.7 39.08 45.9 1,450
UT 2.90 10.1 5.75 7.6 27.48 75.6 35.34 75.6 119
VT 15.50 27.3 8.00 0.0 20.75 27.3 29.63 27.3 11

VA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 257
WA 2.24 32.2 6.13 14.6 31.05 67.8 37.95 67.8 171
WV 6.17 50.0 7.60 48.9 30.44 58.5 39.76 59.6 94

WI 1.85 28.6 6.30 32.3 29.00 54.7 35.95 54.2 192
WY 2.15 22.9 6.07 22.9 17.13 54.3 24.94 54.3 35
USA 3.47 55.6 7.19 55.2 27.39 71.3 37.22 71.5 13,578
PR 6.32 76.1 10.68 76.1 NA NA NA NA 159

NA = not available or not applicable.

179
Table 124
Persons Killed, Population, and Fatality Rates by City
Fatalities
Pedestrians Killed Total

Fatality Rate
Percent of per 100,000
City State Total Killed Number Total Killed Population Population
New York NY 271 138 50.9 8,244,910 3.29

Los Angeles CA 209 88 42.1 3,819,702 5.47
Chicago IL 119 36 30.3 2,707,120 4.40
Houston TX 196 49 25.0 2,145,146 9.14
Philadelphia PA 87 30 34.5 1,536,471 5.66
Phoenix AZ 124 34 27.4 1,469,471 8.44
San Antonio TX 121 32 26.4 1,359,758 8.90
San Diego CA 65 21 32.3 1,326,179 4.90
Dallas TX 107 26 24.3 1,223,229 8.75
San Jose CA 36 18 50.0 967,487 3.72
Jacksonville FL 81 17 21.0 827,908 9.78
Indianapolis IN 84 22 26.2 827,609 10.15
Austin TX 54 22 40.7 820,611 6.58
San Francisco CA 30 16 53.3 812,826 3.69
Columbus OH 57 17 29.8 797,434 7.15
Fort Worth TX 65 16 24.6 758,738 8.57
Charlotte NC 59 22 37.3 751,087 7.86
Detroit MI 78 25 32.1 706,585 11.04
El Paso TX 71 15 21.1 665,568 10.67
Memphis TN 74 17 23.0 652,050 11.35
Boston MA 13 2 15.4 625,087 2.08
Seattle WA 20 2 10.0 620,778 3.22
Denver CO 33 11 33.3 619,968 5.32
Baltimore MD 25 9 36.0 619,493 4.04
Washington DC 27 8 29.6 617,996 4.37
Nashville-Davidson TN 66 11 16.7 609,644 10.83
Louisville-Jefferson Co. KY 59 17 28.8 602,011 9.80
Milwaukee WI 37 13 35.1 597,867 6.19
Portland OR 34 8 23.5 593,820 5.73
Oklahoma City OK 72 6 8.3 591,967 12.16
Las Vegas NV 24 8 33.3 589,317 4.07
Albuquerque NM 43 10 23.3 552,804 7.78
Tucson AZ 63 21 33.3 525,796 11.98
Fresno CA 34 14 41.2 501,362 6.78
Sacramento CA 40 15 37.5 472,178 8.47
Long Beach CA 27 4 14.8 465,576 5.80
Kansas City MO 66 17 25.8 463,202 14.25
Mesa AZ 40 5 12.5 446,518 8.96
Virginia Beach VA 24 3 12.5 442,707 5.42
Atlanta GA 39 11 28.2 432,427 9.02
Table 124
Persons Killed, Population, and Fatality Rates by City (Continued)
Fatalities

Fatality Rate
Colorado Springs CO 21 1 4.8 426,388 4.93

Raleigh NC 30 9 30.0 416,468 7.20
Omaha NE 18 2 11.1 415,068 4.34
Miami FL 41 15 36.6 408,750 10.03
Tulsa OK 47 8 17.0 396,466 11.85
Oakland CA 20 4 20.0 395,817 5.05
Cleveland OH 26 2 7.7 393,806 6.60
Minneapolis MN 21 7 33.3 387,753 5.42
Wichita KS 31 4 12.9 384,445 8.06
Arlington TX 36 5 13.9 373,698 9.63
New Orleans LA 31 8 25.8 360,740 8.59
Bakersfield CA 23 10 43.5 352,428 6.53
Tampa FL 33 12 36.4 346,037 9.54
Anaheim CA 18 7 38.9 341,361 5.27
Honolulu HI 22 9 40.9 340,936 6.45
Aurora CO 21 5 23.8 332,354 6.32
Santa Ana CA 9 7 77.8 329,427 2.73
St. Louis MO 45 12 26.7 318,069 14.15
Riverside CA 23 5 21.7 310,651 7.40
Corpus Christi TX 31 13 41.9 307,953 10.07
Pittsburgh PA 10 2 20.0 307,484 3.25
Lexington-Fayette KY 32 5 15.6 301,569 10.61
Stockton CA 28 6 21.4 296,357 9.45
Cincinnati OH 18 1 5.6 296,223 6.08
Anchorage AK 13 4 30.8 295,570 4.40
St. Paul MN 6 4 66.7 288,448 2.08
Toledo OH 15 1 6.7 286,038 5.24
Newark NJ 29 9 31.0 277,540 10.45
Greensboro NC 14 2 14.3 273,425 5.12
Plano TX 10 3 30.0 269,776 3.71
Lincoln NE 10 2 20.0 262,341 3.81
Buffalo NY 17 7 41.2 261,025 6.51
Henderson NV 7 3 42.9 260,068 2.69
Fort Wayne IN 12 2 16.7 255,824 4.69
Jersey City NJ 10 6 60.0 250,323 3.99
Chula Vista CA 12 2 16.7 247,535 4.85
St. Petersburg FL 34 11 32.4 244,997 13.88

Orlando FL 31 7 22.6 243,195 12.75
Norfolk VA 17 2 11.8 242,628 7.01
Laredo TX 13 0 0.0 241,935 5.37

181
Table 124
Fatalities

Fatality Rate
Chandler AZ 13 1 7.7 240,101 5.41

Madison WI 13 4 30.8 236,901 5.49
Lubbock TX 24 3 12.5 233,740 10.27
Durham NC 5 0 0.0 233,252 2.14
Winston-Salem NC 19 4 21.1 232,385 8.18
Garland TX 16 2 12.5 231,517 6.91
Glendale AZ 22 8 36.4 230,482 9.55
Baton Rouge LA 33 7 21.2 230,139 14.34
Hialeah FL 14 5 35.7 229,969 6.09
Reno NV 16 9 56.3 227,511 7.03
Chesapeake VA 25 5 20.0 225,050 11.11
Scottsdale AZ 21 4 19.0 221,020 9.50
Irving TX 11 4 36.4 220,702 4.98
North Las Vegas NV 11 1 9.1 219,020 5.02
Fremont CA 7 5 71.4 216,916 3.23
Irvine CA 5 0 0.0 215,529 2.32
San Bernardino CA 26 6 23.1 213,012 12.21
Birmingham AL 42 9 21.4 212,413 19.77
Gilbert AZ 4 0 0.0 211,951 1.89
Rochester NY 12 3 25.0 210,855 5.69
Boise City ID 5 0 0.0 210,145 2.38
Spokane WA 13 4 30.8 210,103 6.19
Montgomery AL 20 4 20.0 208,182 9.61
Des Moines IA 14 2 14.3 206,599 6.78
Richmond VA 18 4 22.2 205,533 8.76
Fayetteville NC 23 4 17.4 203,945 11.28
Modesto CA 13 5 38.5 202,751 6.41
Shreveport LA 16 3 18.8 200,975 7.96
Tacoma WA 10 0 0.0 200,678 4.98
Oxnard CA 7 0 0.0 199,943 3.50
Aurora IL 4 1 25.0 199,672 2.00
Fontana CA 15 5 33.3 199,028 7.54
Akron OH 19 1 5.3 198,402 9.58
Moreno Valley CA 1 0 0.0 197,838 0.51
Yonkers NY 7 1 14.3 197,399 3.55
Augusta-Richmond Co. GA 28 4 14.3 196,494 14.25
Little Rock AR 30 11 36.7 195,314 15.36
Mobile AL 18 7 38.9 194,914 9.23
Columbus GA 12 3 25.0 194,107 6.18
Amarillo TX 14 5 35.7 193,675 7.23
Table 124
Fatalities

Fatality Rate
Glendale CA 1 1 100.0 193,111 0.52

Huntington Beach CA 6 3 50.0 192,888 3.11
Salt Lake City UT 18 4 22.2 189,899 9.48
Grand Rapids MI 7 2 28.6 189,815 3.69
Tallahassee FL 14 3 21.4 182,965 7.65
Huntsville AL 17 3 17.6 182,956 9.29
Worcester MA 12 5 41.7 181,631 6.61
Knoxville TN 31 3 9.7 180,761 17.15
Newport News VA 13 4 30.8 179,611 7.24
Grand Prairie TX 18 2 11.1 179,100 10.05
Brownsville TX 14 4 28.6 178,430 7.85
Providence RI 11 1 9.1 178,053 6.18
Santa Clarita CA 5 0 0.0 177,601 2.82
Overland Park KS 7 0 0.0 176,185 3.97
Jackson MS 20 3 15.0 175,561 11.39
Garden Grove CA 8 2 25.0 173,470 4.61
Chattanooga TN 19 3 15.8 170,136 11.17
Oceanside CA 7 2 28.6 169,569 4.13
Santa Rosa CA 10 8 80.0 169,292 5.91
Fort Lauderdale FL 19 3 15.8 168,528 11.27
Rancho Cucamonga CA 8 3 37.5 167,721 4.77
Ontario CA 12 2 16.7 166,390 7.21
Port St. Lucie FL 8 2 25.0 166,149 4.81
Vancouver WA 4 4 100.0 164,759 2.43
Tempe AZ 12 4 33.3 164,268 7.31
Springfield MO 11 1 9.1 160,660 6.85
Lancaster CA 5 2 40.0 157,693 3.17
Pembroke Pines FL 7 2 28.6 157,594 4.44
Cape Coral FL 10 2 20.0 157,476 6.35
Eugene OR 6 1 16.7 156,929 3.82
Peoria AZ 11 1 9.1 156,637 7.02
Sioux Falls SD 4 1 25.0 156,592 2.55
Salem OR 3 0 0.0 156,244 1.92
Corona CA 10 2 20.0 155,896 6.41
Elk Grove CA 12 1 8.3 154,908 7.75
Palmdale CA 10 3 30.0 153,867 6.50
Springfield MA 5 1 20.0 153,155 3.26
Salinas CA 9 4 44.4 152,994 5.88
Pasadena TX 9 1 11.1 152,281 5.91
Rockford IL 12 1 8.3 152,222 7.88
Pomona CA 16 3 18.8 150,119 10.66

183
Table 125
Fatalities and Fatality Rates by State, 1975-2011
Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
Difference, Difference,
State 1975 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011 1975-2011 1975 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011 1975-2011
AL 902 882 1,121 1,114 996 1,148 894 -1% 3.63 2.51 2.65 2.20 1.76 1.92 1.38 -62%
AK 112 127 98 87 106 73 72 -36% 4.38 3.17 2.51 2.11 2.30 1.45 1.57 -64%
AZ 670 893 869 1,035 1,036 1,179 825 +23% 4.19 4.14 2.45 2.61 2.11 1.97 1.38 -67%
AR 559 534 604 631 652 654 549 -2% 4.01 3.12 2.87 2.37 2.24 2.05 1.67 -58%
CA 4,092 4,960 5,192 4,192 3,753 4,333 2,791 -32% 3.09 2.39 2.01 1.52 1.22 1.32 0.87 -72%
CO 581 579 544 645 681 606 447 -23% 3.50 2.21 2.00 1.84 1.63 1.26 0.96 -73%
CT 389 448 385 317 341 278 220 -43% 2.13 2.00 1.46 1.13 1.11 0.88 0.71 -67%
DE 122 104 138 121 123 133 99 -19% 3.37 1.94 2.11 1.61 1.49 1.40 1.10 -67%
DC 70 60 48 58 48 48 27 -61% 2.27 1.86 1.41 1.67 1.37 1.29 0.76 -67%
FL 1,998 2,832 2,891 2,805 2,999 3,518 2,398 +20% 3.24 3.22 2.63 2.19 1.99 1.75 1.25 -61%
GA 1,360 1,361 1,562 1,488 1,541 1,729 1,223 -10% 3.46 2.53 2.22 1.74 1.47 1.52 1.13 -67%
HI 144 126 177 130 132 140 100 -31% 3.47 1.86 2.19 1.64 1.55 1.39 0.99 -71%
ID 281 255 244 262 276 275 167 -41% 4.78 3.31 2.48 2.13 2.04 1.85 1.05 -78%
IL 2,041 1,534 1,589 1,586 1,418 1,363 918 -55% 3.56 2.17 1.91 1.68 1.38 1.27 0.89 -75%
IN 1,128 974 1,049 960 886 938 750 -34% 3.02 2.39 1.95 1.49 1.25 1.31 0.98 -68%
IA 670 474 465 527 445 450 360 -46% 3.75 2.35 2.02 2.03 1.51 1.45 1.15 -69%
KS 509 486 444 442 461 428 386 -24% 3.29 2.52 1.94 1.76 1.64 1.44 1.29 -61%
KY 863 712 849 849 820 985 721 -16% 3.50 2.50 2.52 2.07 1.75 2.08 1.50 -57%
LA 934 931 959 894 938 963 675 -28% 4.60 2.79 2.53 2.31 2.30 2.14 1.45 -68%
ME 223 206 213 187 169 169 136 -39% 3.14 2.22 1.79 1.49 1.19 1.13 0.95 -70%
MD 670 729 707 671 588 614 485 -28% 2.66 2.19 1.74 1.50 1.17 1.09 0.86 -68%
MA 864 742 605 444 433 441 337 -61% 2.75 1.87 1.31 0.92 0.82 0.80 0.62 -77%
MI 1,779 1,545 1,571 1,530 1,382 1,129 889 -50% 3.06 2.29 1.94 1.79 1.41 1.09 0.94 -69%
MN 754 608 566 597 625 559 368 -51% 2.94 1.86 1.45 1.35 1.19 0.98 0.65 -78%
MS 546 662 750 868 949 931 630 +15% 3.80 3.45 3.07 2.94 2.67 2.32 1.62 -57%
MO 1,045 931 1,097 1,109 1,157 1,257 784 -25% 3.41 2.37 2.16 1.87 1.72 1.83 1.14 -67%
MT 291 223 212 215 237 251 209 -28% 5.08 3.03 2.54 2.28 2.40 2.26 1.79 -65%
NE 369 237 262 254 276 276 181 -51% 3.29 1.97 1.88 1.61 1.53 1.43 0.95 -71%
NV 218 259 343 313 323 427 246 +13% 4.74 3.42 3.36 2.24 1.83 2.06 1.02 -78%
NH 151 191 158 118 126 166 90 -40% 2.85 2.53 1.61 1.11 1.05 1.24 0.71 -75%
Table 125
Fatalities and Fatality Rates by State, 1975-2011 (Continued)
Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
Difference, Difference,
State 1975 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011 1975-2011 1975 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011 1975-2011
NJ 1,043 964 886 774 731 747 627 -40% 2.15 1.83 1.50 1.27 1.08 1.01 0.86 -60%
NM 555 535 499 485 432 488 353 -36% 5.59 4.03 3.09 2.29 1.90 2.04 1.38 -75%
NY 2,366 2,006 2,217 1,679 1,460 1,434 1,169 -51% 3.63 2.22 2.07 1.46 1.13 1.03 0.92 -75%
NC 1,506 1,482 1,385 1,448 1,557 1,547 1,227 -19% 4.14 2.97 2.21 1.90 1.74 1.53 1.18 -71%
ND 167 90 112 74 86 123 148 -11% 3.71 1.61 1.90 1.13 1.19 1.62 1.62 -56%
OH 1,766 1,646 1,638 1,360 1,366 1,321 1,016 -42% 2.75 2.18 1.79 1.35 1.29 1.20 0.91 -67%
OK 757 744 641 669 650 803 696 -8% 3.33 2.39 1.93 1.74 1.50 1.71 1.47 -56%
OR 562 559 579 574 451 487 331 -41% 3.53 2.61 2.17 1.91 1.33 1.38 0.99 -72%
PA 2,078 1,771 1,646 1,480 1,520 1,616 1,286 -38% 3.26 2.35 1.92 1.57 1.49 1.50 1.30 -60%
RI 110 109 84 69 80 87 66 -40% 1.94 1.87 1.14 1.00 0.96 1.05 0.84 -57%
SC 820 951 979 881 1,065 1,094 828 +1% 3.98 3.56 2.85 2.28 2.34 2.21 1.70 -57%
SD 195 130 153 158 173 186 111 -43% 3.76 2.07 2.19 2.06 2.05 2.22 1.23 -67%
TN 1,126 1,101 1,177 1,259 1,307 1,270 946 -16% 3.42 3.03 2.52 2.24 1.99 1.79 1.34 -61%
TX 3,372 3,678 3,250 3,183 3,779 3,536 3,016 -11% 3.99 2.57 2.08 1.76 1.72 1.50 1.27 -68%
UT 272 303 272 325 373 282 240 -12% 3.42 2.52 1.86 1.73 1.65 1.12 0.92 -73%
VT 143 115 90 106 76 73 55 -62% 4.32 2.45 1.54 1.71 1.12 0.95 0.77 -82%
VA 993 976 1,079 900 929 947 764 -23% 2.87 2.04 1.79 1.29 1.24 1.18 0.94 -67%
WA 758 744 825 653 631 649 457 -40% 3.16 2.16 1.85 1.33 1.18 1.17 0.80 -75%
WV 461 420 481 376 411 374 337 -27% 4.36 3.32 3.12 2.16 2.14 1.82 1.78 -59%
WI 930 744 769 745 799 815 582 -37% 3.25 2.03 1.74 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.07 -67%
WY 210 152 125 170 152 170 135 -36% 5.36 2.81 2.14 2.41 1.88 1.88 1.46 -73%
USA 44,525 43,825 44,599 41,817 41,945 43,510 32,367 -27% 3.35 2.47 2.08 1.73 1.53 1.46 1.10 -67%
PR 496 600 473 595 568 457 359 -28% 7.27 5.74 3.68 3.83 3.23 2.35 1.93 -73%
Sources: Fatalities—Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration.

185
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and 2011 Seat Belt Use Rates
2011
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
AL Primary Not Front All Medical reasons, model 88.0% <1 year or <20 lbs in $25 See AL Statutes
more year <1965, rural mail rear-facing infant 32-5B and 32-5-222.
than carriers/newspaper seat; 1-4 or 20-40 lbs
$25 delivery vehicles, vehicles in forward-facing CR;
operating in reverse. 5 years old (but not
yet 6) in booster
seat.
AK Primary Not All 16 years School buses, emergency 89.3% 3 years and under $50 See AK Statute
more and older vehicles, mail or in CR; 4-8 years, 28.05.095.
than newspaper delivery 20-65 lbs, and
$15 vehicles, vehicles not <57 inches tall
equipped with seat belts, in booster seat.
non-highway vehicles
(generally, off-road or
snowmobiles).
AZ Secondary Not All 5-15 years Designed for >10 82.9% <5 years, children $50 See AZ Statutes
more passengers, model year 5-8 years and not 28-907 and 28-909.
than Front 5 years <1972, rural mail carriers, more than 57 inches
$10 and older medical reasons. tall must be
restrained in a CR.
AR Primary Not Front All Model year <1972. 78.4% 5 years and under $100 See AR Statutes
more Not required when an and <60 lbs; children 27-37-706 and
than emergency exists that 60 lbs or more may 27-34-103.
$25 threatens the life of a child be in a seat belt.
or person operating a
motor vehicle. Any child
who is physically unable
because of a medical
condition (as certified by
a physician) is exempted.
CA Primary Not All 16 years Medical reasons, 96.6% 5 years and under or $100 See CA Vehicle
more and older emergency vehicles, rural <60 lbs in a rear seat; Code Statutes 27315
than postal service vehicles, <1 year or <20 lbs in and 27360.
$20 newspaper delivery rear-facing restraint
vehicles, recycling may not ride in front if
vehicles, taxis. front passenger
air bag is activated;
60 lbs or more in rear
seat if available.
CO Secondary $65 Front All Ambulance crew, peace 82.1% <1 year and <20 lbs $82 See CO Statutes
officer, medical reasons, in rear-facing CR; 42-4-237-7 and
passenger buses, school 1-3 and 20-40 lbs in 42-4-1701.
buses, postal service forward-facing CR;
vehicles, delivery and 4-5 and <55 inches
pickup service vehicles. in booster seat. Seat
belt allowed for 8-15
or >55 inches tall.
CT Primary $50(4) Front All Medical reasons, 88.4% <1 year or <20 lbs $60 See CT Statute
emergency vehicles other in rear-facing CR; 14-100a.
than fire-fighting apparatus, 1-6 and <60 lbs in CR;
postal service vehicles, booster seat only in
newspaper delivery seating position with
vehicles. lap and shoulder belt;
7-15 years and
>60 lbs, seat belt
permissible.
(1)
Additional processing and surcharge fees are likely to apply.
(2)
The word “All” used in this category means everyone must be restrained. For children, that may be in a CR.
(3)
May include rear-facing CRs, forward-facing CRs, and booster seats.
(4)
If a driver under 18 years old commits a violation, he/she is subject to a higher fine of $75.
Sources: 2011 Observed Seat Belt Use Rates: NHTSA, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, “Seat Belt Use in 2011—Use Rates in the
States and Territories,” DOT HS 811 651 (August 2012). For additional information on occupant restraint laws, see “Summary of Vehicle Occupant
Protection and Motorcycle Laws,” 11th Edition, web site www.nhtsa.gov.
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and 2011 Seat Belt Use Rates (Continued)
2011
DE Primary $25 All 16 years Medical reasons, postal 90.3% <7 years and $25 See DE Statutes
and older service vehicles, tractors, <66 lbs in age/weight 21.48.4802 and
off-highway vehicles, appropriate restraint; 21.48.4803.
electric personal assistive 8-15 years or >66 lbs
mobility devices. in seat belt.
DC Primary $50 All 16 years Vehicles manufactured 95.2% 7 years and under; $75 See DC Statutes
and older before July 1, 1966; 8-15 years for seat 50-1801-07 and
medical reasons; all seat belt or booster. 50-1701-08.
belts occupied; seating for
>8 people, taxis
(6pm-6am).
FL Primary $30 All 6-17 years Medical reasons; 88.1% 3 years and under; $60 See FL Statutes
newspaper delivery seat belts 316.613-4.
Front 6 years vehicles; solid waste/ permissible
and older recyclable collection for children
service vehicles working 4-5 years.
designated routes; persons
traveling in the living
quarters of a recreational
vehicle or a space within a
truck body primarily
intended for merchandise
or property; school buses;
buses that transport for
compensation; farm
tractors or implements
of husbandry;
trucks >26,000 lbs.
GA Primary Not All 8-17 years Pickups, vehicles designed 93.0% 5 years and older $50 See GA Statute
more for >10 passengers, and <57 inches; 40-8-76.
than Front 18 years off-road vehicles, vehicles 5 years and younger
$15 and older used for frequent stops (all in rear seat
seats), rural postal if available.
vehicles, newspaper
delivery vehicles,
emergency vehicles, driver
in reverse, taxis, public
transit vehicles.
HI Primary $45 All 8-17 years Bus or school bus >10,000 96.0% 3 years and under $100 See HI Statutes
lbs, emergency vehicles, in car seat; 4-7 in maxi 291-11.5 and
Front 15 years taxicabs. DOT may booster seat or CR. mum 291-11.6.
and older establish additional
exemptions.
ID Secondary $10 All 7 years Vehicles >8,000 lbs, postal 79.1% 6 years and under. $79 See ID Statutes
and older vehicles, implements of 49-672 and 49-673.
husbandry, motorcycles.
IL Primary Not All 18 years Motorcycles, vehicles 92.9% 7 years and under; $75 See Statutes 625
more and under that stop frequently, children >40 lbs ILCS 5/12-6031 and
than if driver medical reasons, may use lap belt 625 ILCS 25/6.
$25 is under rural letter carriers, in rear seat if
19 years model year <1965. no 3-point belt
available.
Front 16 years
and older

187
Table 126
2011
IN Primary Not All All Medical reasons, vehicles 93.2% 7 years and under. $25 See IN Statutes
more that stop frequently, farm 9-19 - 10-11.
than vehicles, RVs, postal
$25 vehicles, non-drivers in
parades, public utility
vehicles, towing recovery
vehicles, occupant other
than operator of vehicle
used by a public utility in
an emergency.
IA Primary $50 All 17 years Delivery vehicles that do 93.5% <1 year and <20 lbs $25 See IA Statutes
and under not exceed 25 mph in rear-facing CR; 321-445 and
between stops, bus 1-5 years in CR; 321-446.
Front 18 years passengers, medical seat belts
and older reasons, model year permissible for
<1965, emergency children 6-17 years.
vehicles, motorcycles, rural
letter carriers.
KS Primary(5) $10(6) All 14-17 Designed for >10 people, 82.9% 3 years and under $60 See KS Statutes
years truck >12,000 lbs, off-road in CR; 4-7 and <80 Ch. 8, Article 25,
vehicles, postal vehicles, lbs or <57 inches tall and 8-1344.
Front 18 years vehicles delivering in CR or booster
and older newspapers. seat; seat belts
permissible for
children 8-13 years
and for children
4-7 years and >80
lbs or >57 inches tall.
KY Primary Not All All Designed for >10 people, 82.2% 40 inches tall or less CR See KY Statute
more farm trucks registered for in CR; 6 years and $50; 189.125.
than agricultural use only and under and between booster
$25 with gross weight 2,000 lbs 40 and 50 inches tall seat
or greater, motorcycles. in booster seat. $30
LA Primary $25 All(7) 13 years Vehicles with gross weight 77.7% <1 year old or $100 See LA Statutes
and older >10,000 lbs, utility vehicles <20 lbs in rear-facing 32-295 and
traveling <20 mph, model CR; 1-3 years 32-295.1.
year <1981, postal or 20-39 lbs in
vehicles, farm vehicles, forward-facing CR;
persons delivering 4-5 years or 40-60
newspapers. lbs in booster seat;
seat belts
permissible for
6-12 years or >60
lbs.
ME Primary $50 All All Medical reasons, rural mail 81.6% <40 lbs in CR; $50 See ME Statute
carriers, persons delivering 40-80 lbs and 29-A: 19, 2081.
newspapers, postal <8 years old in
vehicles, passengers riding safety system that
in taxi or limousine for hire. elevates child so
adult seat belt fits
properly; <11 years
and <100 lbs in rear
seat if available; seat
belts permissible for
children 8-17 years
or <18 years and
>57 inches tall.
(5)
Secondary enforcement for other seating positions.
(6)
The fine is $60 for violators 14-17 years old.
(7)
Louisiana HB 197 was signed by the Governor on May 29, 2012, to expand the seat belt requirement for all seating positions to include SUVs.
Table 126
2011
MD Primary Not All 15 years “Historical” vehicles, 94.2% <8 years in $25 See MD Statutes
more and under for-hire vehicles, appropriate CR 22-412.2 and
than motorcycles, trucks, buses, unless 57 inches 22.412.3.
$25 Front 16 years postal vehicles, vehicles or taller or >65 lbs.
and older built before June 1, 1964.
MA Secondary $25(8) All All Buses, trucks 18,000 lbs 73.2% 7 years and under $25 See MA Title XIV,
or more, taxis, utility and <57 inches tall; 90 MGL Section 13A
vehicles, model year seat belts and 90 MGL Section
<1966, postal vehicles, permissible for 7AA.
farm vehicles, authorized children 8-12 years
emergency vehicles, or >57 inches tall.
side-facing seat in car
owned for antique
collecting.
MI Primary $25 Front All Medical reasons, taxis, 94.5% 7 years and under $10(9) See MI Statute
buses, school buses, and <57 inches tall; 257.710e and
postal service vehicles, <4 years must be in 257.710d.
model year <1965, CR in back seat;
commercial vehicles seat belt permissible
making frequent stops. for children 8-15
years or >57 inches
tall.
MN Primary $25 All All Farm pickup trucks, postal 92.7% 7 years and under $50 See MN Statutes
vehicles, commercial and <57 inches tall; 169.685 and
vehicles making frequent seat belts 169.686.
stops and going <25 mph permissible for
between stops, vehicles children >8 years old
driving in reverse, persons or >57 inches tall.
riding in a vehicle in which
all the seating positions
equipped with seat belts
are occupied by other
persons in seat belts,
model year <1965, medical
reasons.
MS Primary $25 Front All Vehicles driving in reverse, 81.9% 3 years and under $25 See MS Statute
farm vehicles, medical in CR; 4-6 years 63-2- and 63-7-301.
reasons, buses, postal and <57 inches tall
vehicles, utility meter or <65 lbs in booster
readers’ vehicles, seat; seat belts
all-terrain vehicles, permissible for
vehicles designed to carry children >7 years
>15 persons, trailers. old, >57 inches tall,
or >65 lbs.
MO Secondary Not Front All Vehicles designed for >10 79.0% <4 years old or $50; Persons <18 years
(primary for more people, trucks >12,000 lbs, <40 lbs in car seat; $10 for operating or riding in
<16 years than postal service vehicles, 4-7 and 40-80 lbs >80 lbs a truck are required
old) $10(10) vehicles requiring frequent and <57 inches tall or >57 to wear seat belts.
entry or exit, agricultural in booster seat. If all inches See MO Statutes
vehicles. safety restraints are tall 307.178 and
in use, persons <16 307.179.1.
years old must be in
rear seat.
(8)
Drivers in Massachusetts may be fined $25 for violating the belt law themselves and $25 for each unrestrained passenger 12-16 years old.
(9)
The fine is $10 for children <4 years old or $25 for children 4-8 years old and >57 inches tall.
(10)
The fine is $50 for violators 8-15 years old.

189
Table 126
2011
MT Secondary $20 All All Medical reasons, 76.9% <6 years and <60 lbs $100 See MT Statutes
motorcycles, vehicles 61-13-103 and
making frequent stops, 61-9-420.
occupants of motor vehicle
in which all seat belts are
being used by other
occupants.
NE Secondary $25 All 16 years Taxis, mopeds, 84.2% 5 years and under; $25 See NE Statutes
and under motorcycles, emergency seat belts 60-6, 267 and 606-6,
vehicles, model year permissible 268.
Front 18 years <1963, parade vehicles. for children
and older 6-17 years old.
NV Secondary Not All All Medical reasons, public 94.1% 6 years or under $100 See NV Statute
more transportation vehicles, and <60 lbs. $500 484D.495.
than postal service vehicles,
$25 emergency vehicles,
delivery vehicles not
exceeding 15 mph. Any
vehicle or seating position
if the State determines
compliance is impractical.
NH No law for $50 for All 17 years — 75.0% 5 years and under $50 See NH Statute
persons 18 persons and and <55 inches tall; 265:107-a.
years or older <18 younger seat belts
(primary for years permissible for
<18 years old children 6-17 years
old). old or <6 years and
>55 inches tall.
NJ Primary $20 All All Vehicles manufactured 94.5% <8 years and $25 See NJ Statute
(secondary before 1966, medical <55 inches tall; 39:3-76.2.
for rear seat reasons, rural letter in rear seat
occupants) carriers, fewer belts than if available.
seats.
NM Primary $25 All All Vehicles >10,000 lbs, 90.5% <1 year in rear- $25 See NM Statutes
medical reasons, facing CR, in rear 66-7-369 and
rural letter carriers. seat if available; 66-7-362.
1-4 or <40 lbs in CR;
5-6 or <60 lbs
in booster seat.
NY Primary Not All 15 years Buses, school buses, taxis, 90.5% <3 years unless $100 See NY Statute
more and under liveries, emergency >40 lbs and no 1229-c.
than vehicles, rural letter lap/shoulder belt
$50 Front All carriers. available; 4-7 years
unless no
lap/shoulder belt
available.
NC Primary $25.50 All All Medical reasons, farm 89.5% 7 years and under $25 See NC Statutes
(secondary ($10 vehicles, postal vehicles, and <80 lbs; seat 20-135.2A and
for rear seat for rear designated commercial belts permissible for 20-137.1C.
occupants) seat) vehicles, delivery vehicles 8-15 years or 40-80
traveling <20 mph, lbs in seats without
trash/recycling trucks. shoulder belts.
ND Secondary Not All 17 years Designed for >10 people, 76.7% 6 years and under $25 See ND Statutes
more and under farm vehicles, rural mail and <57 inches tall 39.21-41.1-2.
than Front carriers, medical reasons, or <80 lbs.
$20 all front seat belts in use by
other occupants.
Table 126
2011
OH Secondary $30 All 8-14 years Postal service vehicles, 84.1% 4 years and under or $75(11) See OH Statute
driver medical reasons, vehicles <40 lbs in CR; 4513.263.
$20 Front 15 years delivering newspapers. 4-8 years and
passen and older <57 inches in
ger booster seat; seat
belts permissible for
children 8-14 years.
OK Primary Not All All Farm vehicles, RVs, 85.9% 5 years and under. $50 See OK Statute
more motorcycles, motorized 47-12-417.
than Front 12 years bicycles, postal service
$20 and older vehicles, school buses,
taxicabs, emergency
vehicles.
OR Primary Not All All Vehicles in interstate 96.6% <1 year or <20 lbs in $110 See OR Statutes
more commerce, designed for rear-facing car seat; 811.210 to 811.225.
than >15 passengers, <40 lbs in CR;
$250 newspaper and mail >40 lbs and <57
vehicles, meter and transit inches or <8 years
vehicles, for-hire vehicles, in safety system that
trash trucks, emergency elevates the child so
vehicles, taxicab operators. that an adult seat
belts fits properly.
PA Secondary $10 All 8-17 years Vehicles manufactured 83.8% 7 years and under. $75 See PA Statute
before 1966, medical 75.4581.
Front 18 years reasons, trucks >7,000 lbs,
and older rural letter carriers, delivery
vehicles, vehicles traveling
<15 mph.
RI Primary(12) $85 All All Vehicles manufactured 80.4% 7 years and $75 See RI Statute
before 1966, medical under and <80 lbs 32.22-22.
reasons, postal service and <54 inches tall
vehicles. in rear seat
if available.
SC Primary Not All All Medical reasons, 86.0% <1 year or <20 lbs $150 See SC Statutes
more emergency vehicles, postal in rear-facing CR; 1-5 56-5-6520 and
than service vehicles, delivery and 20-39 lbs in 56-5-6410.
$25 vehicles, parade vehicles; forward-facing CR;
school, church, or day care 1-5 and 40-80 lbs in
buses; public booster seat secured
transportation vehicles by lap/shoulder belt
except taxis, vehicles in (lap belt alone is
which all seating positions not permissible);
with seat belts are already <5 years in rear seat
occupied, persons if available.
occupying vehicles not
originally equipped with
seat belts.
SD Secondary $25 All 17 years Motorcycles, motorized 73.4% <5 years and $25 See SD Statute
and under bicycles, vehicles <40 lbs. 32.38.
manufactured before 1973,
Front 18 years medical reasons,
and older passenger buses, school
buses, farm vehicles, rural
mail carriers, newspaper or
periodical delivery vehicles.
(11)
In Ohio, the law is secondary for children 4 through 14 years old.
(12)
Rhode Island’s primary seat belt law includes a sunset provision that will revert the law to secondary enforcement on June 30, 2013.

191
Table 126
2011
TN Primary Not All All Vehicles >8,500 lbs, rural 87.4% <1 year or 20 lbs or $50 See TN Statutes
more letter carriers, utility less in rear-facing 55-9-602 and
than workers, newspaper CR; 1-3 and >20 lbs 55-9-603.
$50(13) delivery vehicles, in forward-facing CR;
automobile salespersons
who drive <50 miles per 4-8 and <57 inches
day on average, parade tall in booster seat;
vehicles, hayrides crossing <8 and <57 inches
a highway from one field in rear seat if
to another if operated at available.
<15 mph.
TX Primary $50 All All Farm vehicles <48,000 lbs, 93.7% 4 years and younger $25 See TX Statute
postal service vehicles, and <36 inches tall Sec. 545.412-413.
newspaper delivery in CR; 4-8 years
vehicles, meter readers. and <57 inches
in booster seat.
UT Secondary Not All All Vehicles manufactured 89.2% 7 years or under $45 See UT Statute
(primary for more before 1966, medical and <57 inches tall; 41-6a-1803.
drivers and than reasons, all seats occupied seat belt permissible
occupants $45
or person is riding in a for 8-15 years old
18 years
seating position not or >57 inches tall.
and younger)
equipped with seat belts.
VT Secondary $25 All All Buses, taxis, rural mail 84.7% <1 year or <20 lbs $25 See VT Statutes
(primary for carriers, delivery vehicles in rear-facing CR; 23-1258 – 23-1259.
drivers and traveling <15 mph, 2-7 years and >20
occupants
emergency vehicles, farm lbs in rear seat
17 years and
tractors, vehicles ordered unless front
younger)
by emergency personnel to passenger airbag
evacuate persons from is deactivated; seat
stricken area. belts permissible
for 8-15 years old
and >20 lbs.
VA Secondary $25 All 17 years Medical reasons, trucks 81.8% 7 years and under; $50 See VA Statutes
(primary for and under >10,000 lbs, school buses, rear-facing devices in 46.2-1094 and
passengers motor homes, taxis, police rear seat if available; 46.2-1098.
17 years Front 18 years vehicles enforcing parking if not, in front seat,
and younger and older or transporting prisoners, only if front
in all seats) law enforcement officers passenger airbag
when seat belts are is deactivated.
impractical, rural mail
carriers, newspaper
delivery vehicles, utility
meter readers, commercial
vehicles making frequent
stops.
WA Primary $124 All All Medical reasons, vehicles 97.5% 8 years and under $124 See WA Statutes
designed for >10 people, and <57 inches tall; 46.63.110 and
when all designated 13 years and under 46.61.688.
seating positions are in rear seat
occupied; vehicles if practical.
exempted by State
regulation, including farm
construction or commercial
vehicles making frequent
stops.
(13)
In lieu of a court appearance, a first offender may pay a fine of $10; for a second or subsequent offense, the fine is $20.
Table 126
2011
WV Secondary Not All 8-17 years Motorcycles, vehicles 84.9% 7 years and under $20 See WV Statutes
more designed for >10 people, and <57 inches tall. 17C-15-46 and
than Front All vehicles manufactured 17C-15-49.
$25 before 1967, medical
reasons, rural mail carriers,
trailers. All seat belts in use
and vehicle contains more
passengers than total
number of seat belts or
other safety devices
installed in compliance with
Federal motor vehicle
safety standards.
WI Primary $10 All All Emergency vehicles in 79.0% <1 year or <20 lbs $10 See WI Statute
which compliance could in rear-facing CR; $75(14) 347.48.
endanger passengers; 1-3 and 20-40 lbs in
taxis, farm trucks engaged forward-facing CR,
in farming, rural mail in rear seat if
carriers, land surveyors. available; 4-7 and
40-80 lbs in booster
seat.
WY Secondary Not All All Medical reasons, postal 82.6% 8 years and younger $50 See WY Statute
more vehicles; excess in rear seat maxi 31-5-1401.
than passengers exempted if all if available. mum
$25(15) seats occupied.
(14)
Penalty not less than $30 or more than $75 for violation involving child <4 years and not less than $10 or more than $25 for child 4-8 years.
(15)
Not less than $10 for passenger or more than $25 for driver.

193
Table 127
History of State Motorcycle Helmet Laws
Effective Date
State of Original Law* Effective Date of Repeal/Amendment
AL 11/06/67
AK 01/01/71 06/23/76 Repealed for operators age 18 and over.
AZ 01/01/69 05/27/76 Repealed for age 18 and over.
AR 06/29/67 07/31/97 Repealed for age 21 and over.
CA 01/01/85** 01/01/92 Reinstated for all.
CO 07/01/69 05/20/77 Repealed.
07/01/07 Reinstated for under age 18.
CT 10/01/67 06/01/76 Repealed.
DE 06/21/68 06/10/78 Repealed for age 19 and over. All riders must have helmet in their possession.
07/17/84 Helmet required for instruction permit holders.
DC 02/11/70
FL 09/13/67 07/01/00 Repealed for age 21 and over if covered by insurance of at least $10,000 in medical benefits.
GA 07/01/69
HI 06/04/67 06/07/77 Repealed for age 18 and over.
ID 01/01/68 03/29/78 Repealed for age 18 and over.
IL 07/01/69 07/01/70 No helmet law for any motorcyclists since 1970 repeal.
IN 07/26/67 09/01/77 Repealed.
IA 09/01/75 07/01/76 No helmet law for any motorcyclists since 1976 repeal.
KS 07/01/67 07/01/70 Repealed for age 21 and over.
07/01/72 Reinstated for all.
07/01/76 Repealed for age 16 and over.
07/01/79 Reinstated for ages 16 and 17.
KY 06/13/68 07/15/98 Repealed for age 21 and over provided operator has held motorcycle license for 1 year and has
provided proof of health insurance when registering motorcycle.
07/04/00 Health insurance requirement repealed.
LA 07/31/68 10/01/76 Repealed for age 18 and over.
08/15/99 Repealed for age 18 and over if covered by insurance of at least $10,000 in medical benefits.
ME 10/07/67 10/24/77 Repealed.
09/23/83 Required for holders of instruction permits, for licensees holding license for 1 year or less, and
for passengers if required for operator.
09/01/09 Reinstated for ages 16 and 17, instruction permit holders, operators licensed for less than
1 year, and passengers (regardless of age) if required for operator.
MD 07/01/68 07/01/79 Repealed for age 18 and over.
MA 05/22/67
MI 03/10/67 06/12/68 All riders required to have helmet in their possession.
04/13/12 Repealed for age 21 and over with at least $20,000 medical insurance coverage and motorcyle
endorsement on driver’s license for at least 2 years, or passed a motorcycle safety course, and
for age 19 and over operating a moped on a public thoroughfare.
MN 05/01/68 04/06/77 Repealed for age 18 and over. Helmet required for holders of instruction permits.
MS 03/28/74
MO 09/28/67
MT 07/01/73 07/01/77 Repealed for age 18 and over.
NE 05/29/67 09/02/77 Repealed (law was never enforced).
NV 01/01/72
NH 09/05/67 08/07/77 Repealed for age 18 and over until Federal law ceases to require a motorcycle helmet law as a
condition for receipt of Federal funds.
09/30/95 Repealed for all when Federal law requiring helmet laws for Federal funds was voided.
*Original law applied to all motorcyclists, unless otherwise noted.
**Applied only to riders under age 15½.
Table 127
History of State Motorcycle Helmet Laws (Continued)
Effective Date
State of Original Law* Effective Date of Repeal/Amendment
NJ 01/01/68
NM 06/16/67 03/31/77 Repealed for age 18 and over.
NY 01/01/67
NC 01/01/68
ND 07/01/67 07/01/77 Repealed except for operators under age 18 and passengers, regardless of age, if required for
operator.
OH 01/01/68 07/10/78 Repealed except for riders under age 18; operators having motorcycle license less than 1 year;
and passengers if required for operator.
OK 04/27/67 04/01/69 Repealed for age 21 and over.
OR 01/01/68 10/04/77 Repealed for age 18 and over.
06/16/88 Reinstated for all (by voter referendum).
PA 07/15/68 09/04/03 Repealed for operator age 21 and over if operator has held motorcycle license for at least
2 years or has completed rider education. Repealed for passenger age 21 and over if operator
is exempt.
RI 04/04/67 05/21/76 Repealed for all operators. Required for all passengers.
07/01/92 Required for operators under 21, operators licensed for 1 year or less, and all passengers.
SC 07/01/67 06/16/80 Repealed for age 21 and over.
SD 07/01/67 07/01/77 Repealed for age 18 and over.
TN 06/04/67
TX 01/01/68 08/29/77 Repealed for age 18 and over.
09/01/97 Repealed for age 21 and over who have completed rider education or are covered by insurance
of at least $10,000 in medical benefits.
UT 05/13/69 05/10/77 Repealed for age 18 and over. Required for age 17 and under on roads posted for speeds
higher than 35 mph.
VT 03/06/68
VA 06/26/70
WA 06/08/67 09/21/77 Repealed.
WV 05/25/71
WI 07/01/68 03/19/78 Repealed except for under age 18 and instruction permit holders.
WY 05/24/73 05/27/83 Repealed for age 19 and over.
PR 07/20/60
Sources: Motorcycle Industry Council, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Highway Data Loss Institute.

195
Table 128
State Traffic Safety Laws as of June 2011
2011
Universal Primary Graduated .08 BAC Ignition Observed
Motorcycle Seat Belt Drivers Per Se Interlock Seat Belt Distracted
State Helmet Law(1) Law License Law Law(2) Law(3) Use Rate Driving Law(4)
AL 1980 1999 Yes (5) 1995 M(6) 88.0% —
AK — 2006 Yes 2001 F 89.3% X(p)
AZ — — Yes 2001 F 82.9% —
AR — 2009 Yes (5) 2001 F 78.4% X(p)
CA 1992 1993 Yes (5) 1990 F(7) 96.6% X(p), H(p)
CO — — Yes (5) 2004 F 82.1% X(p)
CT — 1986 Yes (5) 2002 F(6) 88.4% X(p), H(p)
DE — 2003 Yes (5) 2004 M 90.3% X(p), H(p)
DC 1970 1997 Yes (5) 1999 P 95.2% X(p), H(p)
FL — 2009 Yes 1994 M 88.1% —
GA 1969 1996 Yes (5) 2001 M 93.0% X(p)
HI — 1985 Yes 1995 F 96.0% —
ID — — Yes 1997 P 79.1% —
IL — 2003 Yes (5) 1997 F 92.9% X(p)
IN — 1998 Yes (5) 2001 P 93.2% X(p)
IA — 1986 Yes (5) 2003 M 93.5% X(s)
KS — 2010 Yes (5) 1993 F 82.9% X(p)
KY — 2006 Yes (5) 2000 P 82.2% X(p)
LA 2004 1995 Yes (5) 2003 F 77.7% X(p)
ME — 2007 Yes (5) 1988 P 81.6% X(p)
MD 1992 1997 Yes (5) 2001 P 94.2% X(p), H(s)
MA 1967 — Yes (5) 2003 M 73.2% X(p)
MI 1969 2000 Yes 2003 P 94.5% X(p)
MN — 2009 Yes (5) 2005 M(6) 92.7% X(p)
MS 1974 2006 Yes (5) 2002 P 81.9% —
MO 1967 — Yes 2001 M 79.0% —
MT — — Yes 2003 M 76.9% —
(1) All riders must wear helmets.
(2) Effective date of .08 BAC per se law.
(3) F = mandatory for all, including first offense; M = mandatory for some (e.g., high-BAC [≥ 0.15 g/dl] or repeat offenders); P = permitted for some offenders.
(4) X(p) = texting ban for all, primary enforcement; X(s) = texting ban, secondary enforcement; H(p) = handheld cell phone ban for all, primary enforcement;
H(s) = handheld cell phone ban, secondary enforcement.
(5) Cell phone restrictions for teens, learner and intermediate levels.
(6) New law passed but not yet effective as of June 2011.
(7) Pilot in four counties only.
Source: NHTSA.
Table 128
State Traffic Safety Laws as of June 2011 (Continued)
2011
Universal Primary Graduated .08 BAC Ignition Observed
Motorcycle Seat Belt Drivers Per Se Interlock Seat Belt Distracted
State Helmet Law(1) Law License Law Law(2) Law(3) Use Rate Driving Law(4)
NE 1989 — Yes (5) 2001 F 84.2% X(s)
NV 1972 — Yes 2003 M 94.1% X(p), H(p) (6)
NH — — Yes 1994 P 75.0% X(p)

NJ 1968 2000 Yes (5) 2004 M 94.5% X(p), H(p)
NM — 1986 Yes (5) 1994 F 90.5% —
NY 1967 1984 Yes 2003 F 90.5% X(s), H(p)
NC 1968 1985 Yes (5) 1993 M 89.5% X(p)
ND — — — 2003 P 76.7% X(p)
OH — — Yes 2003 P 84.1% —
OK — 1997 Yes 2001 M 85.9% —
OR 1988 1990 Yes (5) 1983 F 96.6% X(p), H(p)
PA — — Yes 2003 M 83.8% —
RI — — Yes (5) 2003 P 80.4% X(p)

SC — 2005 Yes 2003 M 86.0% —
SD — — Yes 2002 — 73.4% —
TN 1967 2004 Yes (5) 2003 M 87.4% X(p)
TX — 1985 Yes (5) 1999 M 93.7% —
UT — — Yes 1983 F 89.2% X(p)
VT 1968 — Yes (5) 1991 — 84.7% X(p)
VA 1970 — Yes (5) 1994 M 81.8% X(s)
WA 1990 2002 Yes (5) 1999 F 97.5% X(p), H(p)
WV 1971 — Yes (5) 2004 M 84.9% —
WI — 2009 Yes 2003 M 79.0% X(p)
WY — — Yes 2002 M 82.6% X(p)
USA 20 States 31 States 49 States 50 States 47 States 84.0%(8) 34 States

and DC and DC and DC and DC and DC and DC
PR 1960 1975 — 2001 — — —
(8) Nationwide seat belt use rate, as measured by NHTSA’s 2011 NOPUS national survey.
Source: NHTSA.

197
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX A � FARS DATA ELEMENTS

2011 Fatality Analysis Reporting System Data Elements
Crash Level
Arrival Time EMS Number of Forms Submitted
Atmospheric Conditions for Persons Not in Motor Vehicles
City Number of Motor Vehicle Occupant Forms
County Submitted
Crash Date Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted
Crash Events Rail Grade Crossing Identifier
Crash Time Related Factors—Crash Level
EMS Time at Hospital Relation to Junction
First Harmful Event Roadway Function Class
Global Position Route Signing
Light Condition School Bus Related
Manner of Collision Special Jurisdiction
Milepoint State
National Highway System Trafficway Identifier
Notification Time EMS Work Zone
Vehicle Level
Areas of Impact Pre-Impact Stability
Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Registered Vehicle Owner
Body Type Registration State
Bus Use Related Factors—Vehicle Level
Cargo Body Type Roadway Alignment
Contributing Circumstance, Motor Vehicle Roadway Grade
Crash Type Roadway Surface Conditions
Critical Event—Precrash (Category) Roadway Surface Type
Critical Event—Precrash (Event) Rollover
Device Functioning Sequence of Events
Emergency Use Special Use
Extent of Damage Speed Limit
Fire Occurrence Total Lanes in Roadway
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating/ Traffic Control Device
Gross Combination Weight Rating Trafficway Description
Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard Travel Speed
Hit-and-Run Underride/Override
Jackknife Unit Type
Location of Rollover Vehicle Configuration
Model Year Vehicle Identification Number
Most Harmful Event Vehicle Make
Motor Carrier Identification Number Vehicle Model
Number of Occupants Vehicle Number
Pre-Event Movement Vehicle Removal
(Prior to Recognition of Critical Event) Vehicle Trailing
Pre-Impact Location

201
Appendix A � FARS Data Elements
2011 Fatality Analysis Reporting System Data Elements (Continued)
Driver Level
Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status Driver’s Vision Obscured By
Compliance with Commercial Drivers License (CDL) Driver’s Zip Code
Endorsements License Compliance with Class of Vehicle
Compliance with License Restrictions Non-CDL License Type Status
Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash Previous DWI Convictions
Date of First Crash, Suspension, Conviction Previous Other Harmful Motor Vehicle Convictions
Date of Last Crash, Suspension, Conviction Previous Recorded Crashes
Driver Distracted By Previous Recorded Suspensions and Revocations
Driver Height Previous Speeding Convictions
Driver Maneuvered to Avoid Related Factors – Driver Level
Driver Presence Speed Related
Driver Weight Vehicle Number
Driver’s License State Violations Charged
Person (Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Age Method of Alcohol Determination by Police
Air Bag Deployed Method of Drug Determination by Police
Alcohol Test Number
Any Indication of Misuse—Restraint System/ Person Number
Helmet Use Person Type
Death Date Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement
Death Time Police-Reported Drug Involvement
Died at Scene/En Route Race/Hispanic Origin
Drug Test Related Factors—Person
Ejection (Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Ejection Path Restraint System/Helmet Use
Extrication Seating Position
Fatal Injury at Work Sex
Injury Severity Transported to Medical Facility By
Person (Not Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Age Nonmotorist Location at Time of Crash
Alcohol Test Nonmotorist Safety Equipment
Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash Number of Motor Vehicle Striking Nonoccupant
Death Date Pedestrian/Bike Typing
Death Time Person Number
Died at Scene/En Route Person Type
Drug Test Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement
Fatal Injury at Work Police-Reported Drug Involvement
Injury Severity Race/Hispanic Origin
Method of Alcohol Determination by Police Related Factors—Person
Method of Drug Determination by Police (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Nonmotorist Action/Circumstances at Time of Crash Transported to Medical Facility By
Nonmotorist Action/Circumstances Prior to Crash
APPENDIX B � GES DATA ELEMENTS

2011 General Estimates System Data Elements
Crash Level
Atmospheric Conditions Number of Nonmotorists
Crash Date Number of Parked/Working Vehicles
Crash Events Relation to Junction
Crash Time (Non-Interchange vs. Interchange)
First Harmful Event Relation to Junction (Specific Location)
Global Position Relation to Trafficway
Interstate Highway School Bus Related
Light Condition Type of Intersection
Manner of Collision Work Zone
Number of In-Transport Motor Vehicles
Vehicle Level
Accident Type Movement Prior to Critical Event
Area of Impact Number of Occupants
Area of Impact—Most Damaged Number of Occupants Coded
Body Type Pre-Crash Location
Bus Use Pre-Crash Vehicle Control
Cargo Body Type Roadway Alignment
Contributing Circumstances, Motor Vehicle Roadway Grade
Corrective Action Attempted Roadway Surface Condition
Critical Event Rollover
Device Functioning Special Use
Emergency Use Speed Limit
Extent of Damage Total Lanes in Roadway
Fire Occurrence Traffic Control Device
Hazardous Material Class Number Trafficway Description
Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard Travel Speed
Hazardous Materials Release Vehicle Configuration
Hit-and-Run Vehicle Identification Number
Jackknife Vehicle Make
Location of Rollover Vehicle Model
Model Year Vehicle Number
Most Harmful Event Vehicle Removal
Motor Carrier Identification Number Vehicle Trailing

203
Appendix B � GES Data Elements
2011 General Estimates System Data Elements (Continued)
Driver Level
Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash Driver’s Zip Code
Driver Distracted By Speed Related
Driver Maneuvered to Avoid Vehicle Number
Driver Presence Violations Charged
Driver’s Vision Obscured By
Person (Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Age Person Type
Air Bag Deployed Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement
Alcohol Test Police-Reported Drug Involvement
Any Indication of Misuse—Restraint System/ Restraint System/Helmet Use
Helmet Use Seating Position
Drug Test Sex
Ejection Taken to Hospital or Treatment Facility
Injury Severity Vehicle Number
Person Number
Person (Not Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Age Nonmotorist Safety Equipment
Alcohol Test Pedestrian/Bike Typing
Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash Person Number
Drug Test Person Type
Injury Severity Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement
Nonmotorist Action/Circumstances at Time of Crash Police-Reported Drug Involvement
Nonmotorist Action/Circumstances Prior to Crash Sex
Nonmotorist Location at Time of Crash Taken to Hospital or Treatment Facility
APPENDIX C � GES TECHNICAL NOTES

Standard Errors
The national estimates produced from GES data may differ from the true values, because they are based on a
probability sample of crashes and not a census of all crashes. The size of these differences may vary depending on
which sample of crashes was selected. [For a complete description of the GES sampling design, see National
Accident Sampling System General Estimates System Technical Note (DOT HS 807 796) available from NCSA.]
The standard error of an estimate is a measure of the precision or reliability with which an estimate from this
particular GES sample approximates the results of a census.
In a report of this size, it is impractical to provide standard errors for each estimate. Instead, generalized standard
errors for estimates of totals are provided in the following table. Generalized errors were calculated separately for
the crash, vehicle, and people characteristics. The values for the GES estimates and an estimate of one standard
error are given in Table C1 on the following page. By adding and subtracting two standard errors, a 95 percent
confidence interval can be created for the GES estimates in this report. For example, the estimated number of
injury crashes that occurred in the month of May is given in Table 24 as 130,000. To calculate one standard error
for this crash estimate, use Table C1. Since 130,000 does not appear in the Crash Estimate column of Table C1,
use linear interpolation from the standard error values for 100,000 (7,800) and 200,000 (14,200). One standard
error would be approximately 9,700. The 95 percent confidence interval for this estimate would be 130,000 ± 2 ×
9,700 or 110,600 to 149,400.

205
Appendix C � GES Technical Notes
Table C1
2011 GES Estimates and Standard Errors
Crash Crash Vehicle Vehicle Person Person
Estimate Standard Error Estimate Standard Error Estimate Standard Error
(x) (SE) * (x) (SE) ** (x) (SE) ***
1,000 300 1,000 400 1,000 400
5,000 800 5,000 1,000 5,000 900
6,000 1,000 10,000 1,600 10,000 1,400
7,000 1,100 20,000 2,600 20,000 2,200
8,000 1,100 30,000 3,600 30,000 2,900
9,000 1,200 40,000 4,500 40,000 3,600
10,000 1,300 50,000 5,400 50,000 4,200
20,000 2,200 60,000 6,300 60,000 4,900
30,000 2,900 70,000 7,200 70,000 5,500
40,000 3,700 80,000 8,000 80,000 6,100
50,000 4,400 90,000 8,900 90,000 6,700
60,000 5,100 100,000 9,700 100,000 7,300
70,000 5,800 200,000 18,100 200,000 13,100
80,000 6,400 300,000 26,400 300,000 18,800
90,000 7,100 400,000 34,800 400,000 24,300
100,000 7,800 500,000 43,400 500,000 29,900
200,000 14,200 600,000 52,000 600,000 35,400
300,000 20,600 700,000 60,800 700,000 41,000
400,000 27,000 800,000 69,700 800,000 46,600
500,000 33,500 900,000 78,600 900,000 52,200
600,000 40,000 1,000,000 87,700 1,000,000 57,800
700,000 46,600 2,000,000 184,000 2,000,000 115,900
800,000 53,200 3,000,000 288,500 3,000,000 176,700
900,000 59,900 4,000,000 400,000 4,000,000 240,200
1,000,000 66,700 5,000,000 517,700 5,000,000 305,900
2,000,000 137,600 6,000,000 640,800 6,000,000 373,700
3,000,000 213,800 7,000,000 769,000 7,000,000 443,400
4,000,000 294,300 8,000,000 902,000 8,000,000 515,000
5,000,000 378,700 9,000,000 1,039,400 9,000,000 588,200
6,000,000 466,600 10,000,000 1,180,900 10,000,000 663,100
6,500,000 511,800 11,000,000 1,326,500 11,000,000 739,500
7,000,000 557,800 12,000,000 1,475,900 12,000,000 817,400
a + b (ln x ) 2 a + b (ln x ) 2 a + b (ln x ) 2
* SE = e , where ** SE = e , where *** SE = e , where
a = 4.064970 a = 4.182410 a = 4.210580
b = 0.036900 b = 0.037720 b = 0.035390
Appendix C � GES Technical Notes
Unknowns
GES data are obtained either directly from an item on the PAR or by interpreting the information provided in the
report through reviewing the crash diagram, the Officer’s written summary of the crash, or combinations of
variables on the PAR. Because of this interpretation, and because the police officer may not have entered some
item of information or provided complete information, data can be missing. Prior to 2010 data, two different
statistical procedures were used on GES data to complete values for unknown data. These procedures, univariate
and hotdeck imputation, are described in a technical report available from NCSA, Imputation in the General
Estimates System (DOT HS 807 985). Imputation by sequential regression was instituted in 2010, using a
software package called IVEware that was developed at the University of Michigan. In this method, covariates are
selected automatically using stepwise regression. Because it can be done in an automated fashion, this method
replaced both univariate and hotdeck imputation in 2010. The only exception was body type, which was imputed
in a univariate method. Table C2 below gives the reader the proportions of unknown values prior to imputation for
variables with imputed values that were used in this report.
Table C2
Percent of Unknowns for 2011 GES Data Elements
Crash Level
Atmospheric Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4% Light Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6%

Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1% Manner of Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3%
Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0% Minute of Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7%
First Harmful Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1% Relation to Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5%
Hour of Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7% Relation to Trafficway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1%
Vehicle/Driver Level
Initial Point of Impact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7% Speed Limit* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6%

Most Harmful Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3% Traffic Control Device* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3%
Roadway Surface Condition* . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0% Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6%
Vehicle/Driver Level
Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5% Seating Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4%

Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3% Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2%
*Roadway Surface Condition, Speed Limit, and Traffic Control Device elements were moved from the Crash level to the
Vehicle level in 2010.
Note: For some data elements, counts for the GES category “Not Reported On” were combined with counts for “Unknown” in
the frequencies above.

207
GLOSSARY
Alcohol Involvement Combination Truck
NHTSA defines a fatal crash as alcohol-related or A truck tractor not pulling a trailer; a tractor pulling
alcohol-involved if at least one driver or nonoccupant at least one full or semi-trailer; or a single-unit truck
(such as a pedestrian or pedalcyclist) involved in the pulling at least one trailer.
crash is determined to have had a Blood Alcohol
Concentration (BAC) of .01 gram per deciliter Crash
(g/dL) or higher. Thus, any fatality that occurs in an An event that produces injury and/or property dam
alcohol-related crash is considered an alcohol-related age, involves a motor vehicle in transport, and occurs
fatality. on a trafficway or while the vehicle is still in motion
NHTSA defines a nonfatal crash as alcohol-related after running off the trafficway.
or alcohol-involved if police indicate on the police
accident report that there is evidence of alcohol pres Crash Severity
ent. The code does not necessarily mean that a driver 1. Fatal Crash. A police-reported crash involving a
or nonoccupant was tested for alcohol. motor vehicle in transport on a trafficway in which
The term “alcohol-related” or “alcohol-involved” does at least one person dies within 30 days of the crash.
not indicate that a crash or fatality was caused by the 2. Injury Crash. A police-reported crash that in
presence of alcohol. volves a motor vehicle in transport on a trafficway
in which no one died but at least one person was
Alcohol-Impaired Driving Crashes reported to have: (1) an incapacitating injury; (2) a
Crashes that involve at least one driver or motorcycle visible but not incapacitating injury; (3) a possible,
rider (operator) with a BAC of .08 g/dL or higher. not visible injury; or (4) an injury of unknown
Thus, any crash involving a driver or motorcycle rider severity.
with a BAC of .08 g/dL or higher is considered to be 3. Property-Damage-Only Crash. A police-reported
an alcohol-impaired driving crash. crash involving a motor vehicle in transport on a
trafficway in which no one involved in the crash
Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities
suffered any injuries.
Fatalities in crashes that involve at least one driver or
motorcycle rider (operator) with a BAC of .08 g/dL Crash Type
or higher. Thus, any fatality occurring in a crash in Single-vehicle or multiple-vehicle crash.
volving a driver or motorcycle rider with a BAC of
.08 g/dL or higher is considered to be an alcohol- Day
impaired driving fatality.
From 6 a.m. to 5:59 p.m.
Blood Alcohol Concentration
Driver
The BAC is measured as a percentage by weight of
alcohol in the blood (g/dL). A positive BAC level An occupant of a vehicle who is in physical control of
(.01 g/dL and higher) indicates that alcohol was con a motor vehicle in transport, or for an out-of-control
sumed by the person tested; a BAC level of .08 g/dL vehicle, an occupant who was in control until control
or more indicates that the person was alcohol- was lost.
impaired. Ejection
Body Type Refers to occupants being totally or partially thrown
Detailed type of motor vehicle within a vehicle type. from the vehicle as a result of an impact or rollover.
Bus First Harmful Event

Large motor vehicles used to carry more than ten The first event during a crash that caused injury or
passengers, including school buses, inter-city buses, property damage.
and transit buses.

209
Glossary
Fixed Object Manner of Collision
Stationary structures or substantial vegetation at A classification for crashes in which the first harmful
tached to the terrain. event was a collision between two motor vehicles in
transport and is described as one of the following:
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
Angle. Collisions which are not head-on, rear-end,
The maximum rated capacity of a vehicle, including rear-to-rear, or sideswipe.
the weight of the base vehicle, all added equipment,
driver and passengers, and all cargo loaded into or on Head-on. Refers to a collision where the front end
the vehicle. Actual weight may be less than or greater of one vehicle collides with the front-end of an
than GVWR. other vehicle while the two vehicles are traveling in
opposite directions.
Initial Impact Point Rear-end. A collision in which one vehicle collides
The first impact point that produced personal injury with the rear of another vehicle.
or property damage, regardless of First or Most Sideswipe. A collision in which the sides of both
Harmful Event. vehicles sustain minimal engagements.
Injury Severity Most Harmful Event

The police-reported injury severity of the person (i.e.,
The event during a crash for a particular vehicle
occupant, pedestrian, or pedalcyclist).
that is judged to have produced the greatest personal
1. Killed (Fatal) injury or property damage.
2. Injured (Incapacitating injury, evident injury but
not incapacitating, complaint of injury, or injured, Motor Vehicle in Transport
severity unknown). A motor vehicle in motion on the trafficway or any
3. No injury. other motor vehicle on the roadway, including
stalled, disabled, or abandoned vehicles.
Jackknife
Jackknife can occur at any time during the crash Motorcycle
sequence. In this report, jackknifing is restricted to A two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle designed
truck tractors pulling a trailing unit in which the trail to transport one or two people, including motor-
ing unit and the pulling vehicle rotate with respect to scooters, minibikes, and mopeds.
each other.
Motorcycle Rider
Junction
The operator (driver) of a motorcycle.
Area formed by the connection of two roadways,
including intersections, interchange areas, and Motorcyclist
entrance/exit ramps.
Any person riding on a motorcycle, including the
Land Use motorcycle rider (operator) and any passenger (a per
son riding on, but not in control of, the motorcycle).
The crash location (urban or rural).
Large Trucks Night
Trucks over 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight From 6 p.m. to 5:59 a.m.
rating, including single unit trucks and truck tractors.
Noncollision
Light Trucks A class of crash in which the first harmful event does
Trucks of 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating not involve a collision with a fixed object, nonfixed
or less, including pickups, vans, truck-based station object, or a motor vehicle. This includes overturn,
wagons, and utility vehicles. fire/explosion, falls from a vehicle, and injuries in a
vehicle.
Glossary
Nonoccupant Passenger
Any person who is not an occupant of a motor vehicle Any occupant of a motor vehicle who is not a driver.
in transport and includes the following:
Passenger Car
1. Pedestrians
Motor vehicles used primarily for carrying passen
2. Pedalcyclists gers, including convertibles, sedans, and station
3. Occupants of parked motor vehicles wagons.
4. Others such as joggers, skateboard riders, people
riding on animals, and persons riding in animal- Pedalcyclist
drawn conveyances. A person on a vehicle that is powered solely by pedals.
Nonoccupant Location Pedestrian

The location of nonoccupants at time of impact. Any person not in or upon a motor vehicle or other
Intersection locations are coded only if nonoccupants vehicle.
were struck in the area formed by a junction of
two or more trafficways. Non-intersection location Restraint Use
may include nonoccupants struck on a junction of The occupant’s use of available vehicle restraints,
a driveway/alley access and a named trafficway. including lap belt, shoulder belt, or automatic belt.
Nonoccupants who are occupants of motor vehicles
not in transport are coded with respect to the location Roadway
of the vehicle. That part of a trafficway designed, improved, and
ordinarily used for motor vehicle travel.
Objects Not Fixed
Objects that are movable or moving but are not Roadway Function Class
motor vehicles. Includes pedestrians, pedalcyclists, The classification describing the character of service
animals, or trains (e.g., spilled cargo in roadway). the street or highway is intended to provide. Includes
the following:
Occupant
Interstates. Limited access divided facilities of at
Any person who is in or upon a motor vehicle in least four lanes designated by the Federal Highway
transport. Includes the driver, passengers, and per Administration as part of the Interstate System.
sons riding on the exterior of a motor vehicle.
Other Freeways and Expressways. All urban prin
Other Vehicle cipal arterial with limited control of access not on
Consists of the following types of vehicles: the Interstate system.
1. Large limousine (more than four side doors or Other Principal Arterials. Major streets or high
stretched chassis) ways, many with multi-lane or freeway design,
2. Three-wheel automobile or automobile derivative serving high-volume traffic corridor movements
that connect major generators of travel.
3. Van-based motorhome
Minor Arterials. Streets and highways linking
4. Light-truck-based motorhome (chassis mounted)
cities and larger towns in rural areas in distributing
5. Large-truck-based motorhome trips to small geographic areas in urban areas (not
6. ATV (all terrain vehicle, including dune/swamp penetrating identifiable neighborhoods).
buggy) and ATC (all terrain cycle) Collectors. In rural areas, routes serving intra
7. Snowmobile county, rather than State-wide travel. In urban
8. Farm equipment other than trucks areas, streets providing direct access to neighbor
9. Construction equipment other than trucks hoods as well as direct access to arterials.
(includes graders) Local Streets and Roads. Streets whose primary
10. Other type vehicle (includes go-cart, fork lift, city purpose is feeding higher order systems, providing
streetsweeper). direct access with little or no through traffic.
211
Glossary
Rollover Trafficway
Rollover is defined as any vehicle rotation of 90 Any road, street, or highway open to the public as a
degrees or more about any true longitudinal or lateral matter of right or custom for moving persons or
axis. Includes rollovers occurring as a first harmful property from one place to another.
event or subsequent event.
Vehicle
Seating Position
See Motor Vehicle in Transport.
The location of the occupants in the vehicle. More
than one can be assigned the same seat position; Vehicle Type
however, this is allowed only when a person is sitting
on someone’s lap. A series of motor vehicle body types that have been
grouped together because of their design similarities.
School Bus Related Crash The principal vehicle types used in this report are
Any crash in which a vehicle, regardless of body passenger car, light truck, large truck, motorcycle,
design, used as a school bus is directly or indirectly bus, and other vehicle. See the definition of each of
involved, such as a crash involving school children the vehicle types elsewhere in this glossary.
alighting from a vehicle.
Weekday
Single-Unit Truck From 6 a.m. Monday to 5:59 p.m. Friday.
A medium or heavy truck in which the engine, cab,
drive train, and cargo area are all on one chassis. Weekend
From 6 p.m. Friday to 5:59 a.m. Monday.
INDEX
Driver Age 116, 117
A Emergency Vehicle 96
Age Hazardous Cargo 72
Alcohol 38, 39, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 Impact Point 76, 78, 84
Crash Type 116, 117 Large Truck 32
Day of Week 116, 117 Relation to Roadway 53
Injury Severity 90 Roadway Function Class 72
Occupant 106, 107 Speed Limit 63, 103
Person Type 107, 114, 115, 131, 132, 136, 137 Time of Day 56, 94, 116, 117
Rates 23, 33, 92, 93, 99, 100, 132, 137 Vehicle Type 74, 96, 126
Restraint Use 121, 122

School Bus Related 130
Sex 92, 93, 99, 100, 107, 132, 137
D
State 156-157 Day of Week 49, 50, 116, 117, 127, 128, 133, 134,
Time of Day 116, 117 138
Airbag 125 Driver
Age 38, 39, 99, 100, 107, 114, 115, 116, 117
Alcohol Alcohol 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 56, 57, 94, 95, 101, 114,
Age 38, 39, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 166-167, 168-169,
Crash Type 56, 57, 94, 116, 117 170-171, 172-173
Day of Week 116, 117 Injury Severity 90, 102
Driver Survival Status 40, 172-173 License Compliance 101, 129
Holiday 35 License Status 101
Illegal Per Se Laws 196-197 Previous Driving Record 101
Pedestrian 40, 119 Related Factors 101
Person Type 114 Restraint Use 41, 120
Sex 36 Sex 21, 22, 36, 99, 100
State 166-167, 168-169, 170-171, 172-173, State 152-153, 168-169, 170-171, 172-173
196-197
Time of Day 36, 56, 57, 116, 117
Vehicle Type 37, 118 E
Year 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 Ejection 110
Ambulance 96 Emergency Medical Services 52, 176-177, 178-179
Emergency Vehicle 96
B F
Body Type 67, 112
Fire 70
Bus 20, 55, 66, 67, 68, 70, 85, 86, 102, 105, 106, 108,
109, 110, 111, 112, 118, 120 Fire Truck 96
First Harmful Event 54, 97, 146-147
C H
City 180-183
Hazardous Cargo 72
Crash Type
Alcohol 56, 94, 116
Helmet Use 129, 143, 194-195, 196-197
Day of Week 116, 117
Holiday 35

213
Index
I M
Impact Point 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, Manner of Collision 54, 97
86, 109, 135, 139 Month 48
Intersection 62, 131, 136 Most Harmful Event 73, 75, 77, 79, 83, 85, 108
Motorcycle
J Age 106
Jackknife 82 Alcohol 118
Crash Type 55, 84, 111
L Day of Week 127, 128
Fire 70
Land Use 52, 64, 104
Helmet Use 129
Large Truck
Helmet Use Requirements 194-195, 196-197
Alcohol 37, 118
Impact Point 84, 109

Crash Type 32, 80
License Compliance 129

Ejection 110
Most Harmful Event 83, 108

Fire 70
Occupant 30, 31, 102, 105, 106, 108, 109, 111, 112,
Impact Point 80, 109, 135, 139
158-159
Jackknife 82
Rates 19, 30, 31
State 154-155, 194-195, 196-197
Number of Trailers 82
Time of Day 127, 128
Occupant 20, 28, 29, 32
Year 19, 20, 30, 31, 37
Rates 19, 28, 29
Restraint Use 120
Rollover 68, 81
N
State 158-159
Number of Lanes 65
Year 19, 28, 29, 32, 37
License Compliance 101, 129 O

Licensed Drivers 17, 21, 22, 99, 100, 152-153 Occupant
Light Condition 51, 94 Age 23, 106, 107, 121, 122
Body Type 112
Light Truck
Ejection 110
Alcohol 37, 118
Injury Severity 102
Crash Type 74
Restraint Laws 186-193
Ejection 110
Restraint Use 42, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 160-161,
Fire 70 196-197
Impact Point 74, 77, 78, 109, 135, 139 Sex 105, 107
Most Harmful Event 73, 77, 108 Vehicle Type 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
Occupant 26, 27, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 43, 102, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113,
124, 125, 126, 158-159, 162-163
123, 124, 125, 126, 158-159, 162-163
Rates 19, 26, 27
Year 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 42, 43
Restraint Use 120, 124, 125
Rollover 43, 68, 126, 162-163
Seating Position 124
State 158, 159, 162-163
Year 19, 20, 26, 27, 37, 43
Location 53, 131, 136

Index
P Police Vehicle 96
Passenger 90, 96, 102, 107, 114, 129, 130, 154-155 Population
Passenger Car Age 23, 33, 92, 93, 132, 137
Alcohol 37, 118 City 180-183
Crash Type 76, 126 Rates 17, 23, 33, 92, 93, 132, 137, 152-153,
Ejection 110 164-165, 180-183
Fire 70 Sex 92, 93, 132, 137
Impact Point 74, 75, 76, 109, 135, 139 State 152-153
Most Harmful Event 73, 75, 108 Year 17, 23, 33
Occupant 20, 24, 25, 43, 102, 105, 106, 108, 109, Previous Driving Record 101
110, 111, 112, 113, 123, 125, 126
Rates 19, 24, 25
Restraint Use 120, 123, 125 R
Rollover 43, 68, 69, 126, 162-163 Rates: Licensed Drivers
Seating Position 123 Age 99, 100
State 158-159, 162-163 Sex 21, 22, 99, 100
Wheelbase Size 113 State 152-153
Year 19, 20, 24, 25, 37, 43 Year 17, 21, 22
Pedalcyclist Rates: Population

Age 136, 137
Age 23, 33, 92, 93, 132, 137
Alcohol 114
City 180-183
Day of Week 138

Pedestrian 132, 164-165
Impact Point on Striking Vehicle 139

Sex 92, 93, 132, 137
Injury Severity 90
State 152-153, 164-165
Location 136
Year 17
Rates 137
Related Factors 140

Rates: Registered Vehicles
Sex 137
State 152-153
State 154-155
Vehicle Type 19, 24, 26, 28, 30
Time of Day 138

Year 17, 19, 24, 26, 28, 30
Year 20
Rates: Vehicle Miles of Travel
Pedestrian Month 48
Age 130, 131, 132
State 184-185
Alcohol 40, 119
Vehicle Type 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31
City 180-183
Year 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31
Day of Week 133, 134
Registered Vehicles 17, 19, 24, 26, 28, 30, 152-153
Impact Point on Striking Vehicle 135
Injury Severity 90
Relation to Junction 62
Location 131
Relation to Roadway 53
Rates 132, 164-165
Related Factors 135
School Bus Related 130
Sex 132
State 154-155, 164-165
Striking Vehicle Type 130
Time of Day 133, 134
Year 20, 40

215
Index
Restraint Use
Age 121, 122
V
Child Passenger Protection Laws 186-193
Vehicle Maneuver 71
Driver 41, 120
Vehicle Miles of Travel 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
Restraint Type 125
29, 30, 31
Seat Belt Use Laws 186-193
Vehicle Type
Seat Belt Use Rates 186-193
Alcohol 37, 118
Seating Position 123, 124

Body Type 67, 112
State 160-161, 186-193

Crash Severity 19, 55, 66, 68, 69, 70
Vehicle Type 120

Ejection 110
Year 41, 42
Emergency Vehicles 96
Roadway Function Class 72, 96, 148-149, 150-151, Fire 70
174-175 Impact Point 74, 109, 135, 139
Rollover 43, 68, 69, 81, 126, 162-163 Injury Severity 102
Occupant Age 106
S Occupant Sex 105
School Bus Related 130 Restraint Use 120, 125
Seating Position 123, 124 Rollover 43, 68, 69, 126, 162
Sex State 158-159, 162-163
Age 92, 93, 99, 100, 107, 132, 137

Two-Vehicle Crashes 55, 111
Alcohol 36
Year 19, 20, 37, 43
Injury Severity 90
Person Type 107

W
Rates 21, 22, 92, 93, 99, 132, 137
Weather Condition 51, 94
Vehicle Type 105
Work Zone 96
Speed Limit 63, 64, 103, 104
Speeding 174-175
T
Time of Day 36, 49, 50, 56, 57, 94, 95, 98, 116, 117,
127, 128, 133, 134, 138
Traffic Control Device 62
Trafficway Flow 65
Lives Saved by Restraint Use and 21-Year-Old Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws,
and Additional Lives That Would Have Been Saved
at 100 Percent Seat Belt and Motorcycle Helmet Use, 1975-2011
Lives Saved Additional Lives That
Would Have Been Saved
Passenger Vehicle Restraints at 100% Use
Child Seat Frontal Motorcycle 21-Year-Old Seat Motorcycle

Year Restraints Belts Air Bags Helmets Drinking Age* Belts Helmets
1975 36 978 0 823 412 13,301 1,164
1976 20 796 0 788 436 13,851 1,189
1977 35 682 0 970 474 14,460 1,472
1978 25 679 0 900 509 15,541 1,588
1979 49 594 0 885 575 15,726 1,676
1980 49 575 0 871 595 15,730 1,744
1981 69 548 0 843 633 15,222 1,667
1982 75 678 0 816 578 13,250 1,528
1983 105 809 0 735 609 12,913 1,450
1984 126 1,197 0 813 709 13,227 759
1985 153 2,435 0 788 701 12,508 764
1986 166 4,094 0 807 840 12,728 751
1987 213 5,141 2 667 1,071 12,678 697
1988 248 5,959 5 622 1,148 12,674 644
1989 238 6,333 8 561 1,093 12,256 553
1990 222 6,592 37 655 1,033 11,761 541
1991 253 6,838 71 595 941 10,812 467
1992 292 7,020 108 641 795 10,195 323
1993 313 7,773 190 671 816 10,212 336
1994 420 9,219 309 625 848 9,507 339
1995 408 9,882 536 624 851 9,781 326
1996 480 10,710 783 617 846 9,459 324
1997 444 11,259 973 627 846 9,096 315
1998 438 11,680 1,208 660 861 8,690 369
1999 447 11,941 1,491 745 901 8,809 396
2000 479 12,882 1,716 872 922 8,245 478
2001 388 13,295 1,978 947 927 8,016 558
2002 383 14,264 2,324 992 922 6,837 576
2003 447 15,095 2,519 1,173 918 6,151 651
2004 455 15,548 2,660 1,324 927 5,874 673
2005 424 15,688 2,752 1,554 882 5,667 731
2006 427 15,458 2,824 1,667 888 5,468 756
2007 388 15,223 2,800 1,788 831 5,048 805
2008 286 13,312 2,557 1,836 716 4,171 827
2009 307 12,763 2,387 1,486 626 3,700 733
2010 303 12,582 2,315 1,556 552 3,353 708
2011 263 11,949 2,204 1,617 533 3,384 703
Total 9,874 292,471 34,757 35,161 28,765 370,301 29,581
The table above presents estimates of the lives saved in 2011 and previous years by various protective devices or laws. The
estimates were obtained by combining information from fatal traffic crashes with estimates of the effectiveness of each
device or law in saving lives. For seat belts and motorcycle helmets, the table also estimates the numbers of additional lives
that could have been saved if the devices had been used by more people.
Introduction
FARS Operations
GES Operations
About This Report
Data Availability
FARS Data Elements
GES Data Elements
GES Technical Notes
Glossary
Index DOT HS 811 754

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U.S.

TRAFFIC SAFETY FACTS 2011

A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the

Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System

2011 NATIONAL STATISTICS

POLICE-REPORTED MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASHES

Property Damage Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,778,000

TRAFFIC CRASH VICTIMS Killed Injured

OTHER NATIONAL STATISTICS

(estimate for reported and unreported crashes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NATIONAL RATES: FATALITIES

NATIONAL RATES: INJURED PERSONS

Traffic Safety Facts 2011

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

FOR MORE INFORMATION

About This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Appendix A. FARS Data Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Crash Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Vehicle Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Driver Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Person Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Appendix B. GES Data Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Crash Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Vehicle/Driver Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Person Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Appendix C. GES Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Standard Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

2011 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

Registered Vehicles, and Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4. Persons Killed or Injured by Person Type and Vehicle Type, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

and Crash Severity, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

by Age Group, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

TRENDS: Large Truck Related

and Crash Type, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

and Restraint Use, 1975-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

and Rollover Occurrence, 1982-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

iv Traffic Safety Facts 2011

25. Crashes by Time of Day, Day of Week, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

26. Crashes by Weather Condition, Light Condition, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

27. Fatal Crashes by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times

Within Designated Minutes and by Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

30. Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

VEHICLES: All Vehicles

36. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

37. Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Body Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

and Hazardous Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

VEHICLES: Passenger Cars

VEHICLES: Light Trucks

VEHICLES: Large Trucks

and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

2011 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

PEOPLE: All Victims

55. Persons Killed or Injured, by Age and Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

56. Persons Killed or Injured, by Sex and Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

59. Persons Killed in Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities,