Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 15 views

    Properties of Matrix Operations

    Uploaded by

    NABIL HUSSAIN
    The document describes properties of common matrix operations such as addition, multiplication by scalars, matrix multiplication, and transposition. Some key differences between matrix operations and number operations are that matrix multiplication is noncommutative, matrices do not always have inverses, and equations like AB = AC do not necessarily imply B = C.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Properties of Matrix Operations

    Uploaded by

    NABIL HUSSAIN
    15 views2 pages
    The document describes properties of common matrix operations such as addition, multiplication by scalars, matrix multiplication, and transposition. Some key differences between matrix operations and number operations are that matrix multiplication is noncommutative, matrices do not always have inverses, and equations like AB = AC do not necessarily imply B = C.

    Original Title

    matrices

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes properties of common matrix operations such as addition, multiplication by scalars, matrix multiplication, and transposition. Some key differences between matrix operations and number operations are that matrix multiplication is noncommutative, matrices do not always have inverses, and equations like AB = AC do not necessarily imply B = C.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views2 pages

    Properties of Matrix Operations

    Uploaded by

    NABIL HUSSAIN
    The document describes properties of common matrix operations such as addition, multiplication by scalars, matrix multiplication, and transposition. Some key differences between matrix operations and number operations are that matrix multiplication is noncommutative, matrices do not always have inverses, and equations like AB = AC do not necessarily imply B = C.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Properties of matrix operations

    The operations are as follows:


    • Addition: if A and B are matrices of the same size m × n, then A + B,
    their sum, is a matrix of size m × n.
    • Multiplication by scalars: if A is a matrix of size m × n and c is a scalar,
    then cA is a matrix of size m × n.
    • Matrix multiplication: if A is a matrix of size m × n and B is a matrix of
    size n × p, then the product AB is a matrix of size m × p.
    • Vectors: a vector of length n can be treated as a matrix of size n ×
    1, and the operations of vector addition, multiplication by scalars, and
    multiplying a matrix by a vector agree with the corresponding matrix
    operations.
    • Transpose: if A is a matrix of size m×n, then its transpose AT is a matrix
    of size n × m.
    • Identity matrix: In is the n × n identity matrix; its diagonal elements are
    equal to 1 and its offdiagonal elements are equal to 0.
    • Zero matrix: we denote by 0 the matrix of all zeroes (of relevant size).
    • Inverse: if A is a square matrix, then its inverse A−1 is a matrix of the
    same size. Not every square matrix has an inverse! (The matrices that
    have inverses are called invertible.)
    The properties of these operations are (assuming that r, s are scalars and the
    sizes of the matrices A, B, C are chosen so that each operation is well defined):
    A + B = B + A, (1)
    (A + B) + C = A + (B + C), (2)
    A + 0 = A, (3)
    r(A + B) = rA + rB, (4)
    (r + s)A = rA + sA, (5)
    r(sA) = (rs)A; (6)
    A(BC) = (AB)C, (7)
    A(B + C) = AB + AC, (8)
    (B + C)A = BA + CA, (9)

    1
    r(AB) = (rA)B = A(rB), (10)
    Im A = A = AIn ; (11)
    T T
    (A ) = A, (12)
    T T T
    (A + B) = A + B , (13)
    T T
    (rA) = rA , (14)
    T T T
    (AB) = B A , (15)
    T
    (In ) = In ; (16)
    AA−1 = A−1 A = In , (17)
    −1 −1 −1
    (rA) =r A , r 6= 0, (18)
    −1 −1 −1
    (AB) =B A , (19)
    −1
    (In ) = In , (20)
    T −1 −1 T
    (A ) = (A ) , (21)
    −1 −1
    (A ) = A. (22)

    We see that in many cases, we can treat addition and multiplication of matrices
    as addition and multiplication of numbers. However, here are some differences
    between operations with matrices and operations with numbers:

    • Note the reverse order of multiplication in (15) and (19).


    • (19) can only be applied if we know that both A and B are invertible.
    • In general, AB 6= BA, even if A and B are both square. If AB = BA,
    then we say that A and B commute.

    • For a general matrix A, we cannot say that AB = AC yields B = C.


    (However, if we know that A is invertible, then we can multiply both sides
    of the equation AB = AC to the left by A−1 and get B = C.)
    • The equation AB = 0 does not necessarily yield A = 0 or B = 0. For
    example, take    
    1 0 0 0
    A= , B= .
    0 0 0 1

    You might also like