Introduction - : History and Origin

INTRODUCTION -
HISTORY AND ORIGIN -
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and
data structures to analyze and solve problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform
the calculations required to simulate the free-stream flow of the fluid, and the interaction of the fluid
(liquids and gases) with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. With high-speed supercomputers,
better solutions can be achieved. Ongoing research yields software that improves the accuracy and
speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows.
CFD is applied to a wide range of research and engineering problems in many fields of
study and industries, including aerodynamics and aerospace analysis, weather simulation, natural
science and environmental engineering, industrial system design and analysis, biological engineering,
fluid flows and heat transfer, and engine and combustion analysis.
The fundamental basis of almost all CFD problems is the Navier–Stokes equations, which define many
single-phase (gas or liquid, but not both) fluid flows. These equations can be simplified by removing
terms describing viscous actions to yield the Euler equations. Further simplification, by removing terms
describing vorticity yields the full potential equations.The first work using computers to model fluid flow,
as governed by the Navier-Stokes equations, was performed at Los Alamos National Lab,in the T3
group.This group was led by Francis H. Harlow, who is widely considered as one of the pioneers of CFD.
From 1957 to late 1960s, this group developed a variety of numerical

methods to simulate transient two-dimensional fluid flows, such as Particle-in-cell method,Fluid-in-cell
method,Vorticity stream function method,and Marker-and-cell method.CFDs were originally developed
in the early 1990s in London .
The first paper with three-dimensional model was published by John

Hess and A.M.O. Smith of Douglas Aircraft in 1967.
APPLICATIONS -
Recent development over the past two decades has shown wide variety of applications in combustor
designs, aerodynamic simulation of aerospace flights and shuttles as well as other aerospace
applications. CFD were extensively used for power plants simulations such as thermal patterns of boiler
furnaces, turbine blading performance as well as heat exchangers designs.
With the need to create a more energy sustainable environment, the attention
was focused to built environment with aim of ultimately reducing carbon metrics and energy use in
Buildings. A wide variety of packaged software programs were devised and used by experts such as
Energy Plus and Designbuilder.
In the past decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been studied
intensively as a tool for evaluating the indoor environment of buildings and its interaction with the
building envelope, as well as for analysing the outdoor environment around buildings.
Why it is essential for this project?
In computational fluid dynamics, FLUENT is one of the leading software programs capable of modeling
and analyzing a wide array of problems. By creating the desired geometry various two-dimensional and
three dimensional geometries can be meshed and imported into FLUENT where the user can control
various parameters and boundary conditions. This project focused on the modeling and analysis of
Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel problems in FLUENT.
Prior to the problem set up, background research was completed covering the
methods FLUENT uses in solving fluid flow problems. Various situations where FLUENT has been used for
real life applications of jet and spray cooling were examined.
Before the computations were done, research was done in the fields of fluid
dynamics. It was important to explore the theoretical equations and solutions involved in solving a
cooling problem in order to gain a better understanding of how each parameter was derived.
Furthermore it was necessary to look into how FLUENT analyzed and solved the real life issues.
What is the current scenario of the problem?
The purpose of this project is to simulate cooling of a hot air stream by water injection using species
transport and discrete phase models of ANSYS Fluent . Hot air enters through the inlet of a 3D circular
pipe. Water droplets are injected at various axial and radial locations by creating Discrete Phase Model
injections. Water undergoes a phase change as it comes in contact with hot air, and the mixture of air
and vapor flows downstream.
Approach for solving the Problem
Our aim to cool down the hot air passing through the cylindrical pipe . This can be done by using conical
spray nozzles at different axial positions in the pipeline . When hot air enters the inlet of pipe ,then at a
certain position , number of nozzles starts spraying in downward direction which comes in the contact
with molecules of hot air and thus leads to vaporization of droplets . We can use number of nozzles at
various positions in pipeline. For this analysis, we use ANSYS Workbench 2020 , so we can get graphical /
animation of this project .
Objective -
1.-Modeling evaporation of Liquid Droplet in a circular

channel using Ansys Fluent.
AIM-To simulate cooling of a hot air stream by water injection using species transport and discrete phase
models of ANSYS Fluent.
STEPS-
1-open workbench 2020 R1.
2-Now drag fluidflow (fluent) from toolbox .
3-Right click on geometry and click edit in designmodeler , make a cylindrical geometry from there
and exit the designmodeler.
4-Now click edit in mesh , in this window select the mesh and material type and then exit.
5-Now right click on setup and then edit.Here you select the inlet and outlet parameters , injections
for cooling etc . and then save as and then exit.
6-Now in results secction , we will give contours and we will get different results in graphical as well as
in text form according to our input data.
2 ) Investigation on evaporation of Liquid Droplet with
following effects :
1. Inlet air velocity :-
1-Firstly, do the above mentioned steps.
2-Then save this project , and then import it .
3-Then , right click on the setup and click on edit .

4-
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INTRODUCTION -

HISTORY AND ORIGIN -

From 1957 to late 1960s, this group developed a variety of numerical

The first paper with three-dimensional model was published by John

Why it is essential for this project?

What is the current scenario of the problem?

Approach for solving the Problem

1.-Modeling evaporation of Liquid Droplet in a circular

1-open workbench 2020 R1.

2-Now drag fluidflow (fluent) from toolbox .

2-Then save this project , and then import it .

3-Then , right click on the setup and click on edit .

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