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HW1 Sol
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El 2ul: Dynamics of Linear systems
tHemewor + | Solubens
OM Lets weite xieH)= aAxh), with
oN
Az c le
yeas as
BAe chavcteristic equation at A is
1a te
So, the eigenvalues
Dee oe qe (Al>\
ie & 2
eS ee [a\=\)-
cowreapon ding £0 oS
chen, I= xy, = ae Moa
dws, os lake \ 2 Koger = 0.
ont ee
: — an eigeneckor of A
So, 4he specific v, above is an example eo
HR vector thak we seer. BV, Cannot be ny represented by a digital @
compuker , which cannot: yepresenk wrakimahl numbers
Thus, the compuker tr smulakes with the
\ikial conditim x)= Wrd where 9 Yepresents
Ahe numerical evcor. There may be -fotion numeral
ewvorsg in Cach Hme skeb.
Thus, a cemcompuker simulabion wil) shov
\2ca9lt Gor example’) nibs decreasing with
ond then increasing taittcont a2 Loud.
This behavior is expected because the
equilibrium powt o for A is a saddle node.
bs) nia
nen." K
Ca 1d sysop (9 aft 1s. Siogallove only if-
Ais Singulay, Rubee wesrrsio Apis not:
Sy ee from (iy,
$0, 2 = BHD X® = xe) 2
maa only i x@=0. : @
@ a X= P0080 - by sind 8 +Py sind +0, -) cose &
= VES OB - P,SinBO-+ vein’ rer eae
v + Casino +(R J -) c0s8) 00
N+ 2%)wW
1. a
5a
ee -b, 3108 - p,cos0 © + Ry os8 - (ry -jsind 8
= Ol
= -veossin® - bcos” +vsine esd a Dgmme
~ [pgcas©+y-Daad)eo
J 3 at
ae
e ae
WD, Se tk Veo ie
So ueeo.
On eg pcibibrinw powk, as 4 = Oy with cBand uch s
ab ae 3 ak . [3 %| aa,
OL Cy) ANS Oy
es 2 eS
Lotok Uinesrizakim — around 120 and M0:
éa- # £| S (6x) + -| (d4)
qh e ) Gp => 269
a\6% = sea FFI ee 0) From the defination o& 5 ter along the candilake
solukb™M, we see thet
ofthe Fine cost + (ces #) Sint °
"| -Stobsint@- cost cost | = 5 =@
ag:
oO
> [?| Se TP tas ws ve a Solublen
\
ewhen wlh=VH=! then ~
Ve must caer @ 5
Ca hs
ths, @ 4s veally a solution +o @) hen wb)= We!
7
aw) , at (8a)
(8%) = ae Le ees
Le
RtAlcs
lis is an ITD System. ayy - [ele
Se ae @ @
a8 2 et,
eS
nd ("ra el otha tboe ee
a Lee Ce C % =-e Fx,
Sete
$0,
eee
1) ego 15 Wegiitd Aculinn cohen
lore ts
ste central “06a = 2 pee me
When the compuker has a faulty clock , ib Senplements
~ the control inpub- Zuw- url) = gt
oe ee a) -y()
Lees Se oe is westherresulting
Cs
4 stem Gyr&en
sol -6
x= € — "_ & is a solubim +o the
Albove system (hy repeating the Calealations for the
Seat port).
thas, pup x =F(x,0), we hove
ee
a SnD Oe eter rex,
OL 2 ae
—————
Linearization avound Ge: ex ae
5 : § at Bia
(5) = Bln SO + Ceo
> (60) = (2e'x)bx + er &*e) §y @
0 5, the fiest amd setond columns oo the stabe-tonsitim
vnatrix “Ble t,) ave the solukions LH) with the
mbal conditims att) = [6], ana xt-{"} respectively,
lus, for the homogeneous system
pebO tr
= a ae
we see thot the solution wit, ic. xtt=[\)
ne xe= [0 08 ae depends aul om x,-
forthe jinbale canes x (te) = [PY we have
Dota ee
eee Daye 3 x0) Mp Ga c
pa ee
abt) rE) 0.
ee te
+
PO on: aioe freer
t
cr glety]® Pr ates) abi
= (ee ea eee Ges
z x
= tet ee _ arb bo) \
a 7 ghee
u
ee ee
266-6) alts)
Nee Core ai
ema agce or O yee es
From veriakion of constants:
-
JO-0 4 $e ax@+ wf 6) 84,0[2]sat
+ +
fo 21 $2) (ea) dé = [outa dist
oO
where L&D is the vowcl, clumn=2 element
~ ot $69.
4 ”
a) a
ina . -=.- el we av
z
= [-rget tere 4. jeg? ng et: ar
3
=a i (integration hy parts) © We con vestuk€ the claim in the broblem as:
12) Te) & TANTE)=$
Gl Ve)N Te)= then Te)¢ Te.
$0, ik vemoins +0 show thet if Ye) + Te)
then TENN Te) = B.
We prove this claim by contradiction.
LekS subpose that the sets T(z) and TE;
are rok equal Band thet F2)0 Ted +p.
> 42,6 TRIN TED.
So other words,
2 O (bu, do Zs tor somes bi, -£,F
2S $ bx, te) 22 Bor some ty, f t20
2) B (tr Pro = G boar , Foo 2p
3 Ble bee > Fltsa tr) bleu she) 2 = 2
Bub we axe deoling with LTT Systems. So:
titer’) Ast),
1
and
eee
2) tee. S
pie waite be = toe Fat
2 Ee ee
But this means
2, € TR) 1-€. 2% 6 o port
ot the unordered traieckory through 2 By definition ,
26 TD rant, it
2= Bbs;t.)2, = elhttee Ps
So, ths means, ¥2e 1G)
= ehlbr-tse) — phlbr-bee) pe =be
2-€ a2 eKbe 2,
eae, :
2 z- eM mM for sume * .
$0 eer Clement of Ne is also an
element of UG), es ED e 72)
But by vepenting the above axauments
We tn also show FZ) e Gp).
——