Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 31 views

    Chapter Three The Sounds of Language

    Uploaded by

    مظفر منعم ميران عباس
    This chapter discusses the sounds of spoken English and phonetics, the science that studies human sound production, especially for speech. It classifies sounds based on whether they are voiced or voiceless, produced with or without vocal cord vibration. Sounds are also classified by their place of articulation in the mouth, such as bilabial sounds using both lips, or alveolar sounds using the alveolar ridge. Finally, manners of articulation are discussed, such as stops which involve a complete stopping of air flow, fricatives which involve a narrow air flow, and nasals which allow air to flow through the nose. The chapter provides methods for describing, classifying, and transcribing the sounds of language.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter Three The Sounds of Language

    Uploaded by

    مظفر منعم ميران عباس
    31 views2 pages
    This chapter discusses the sounds of spoken English and phonetics, the science that studies human sound production, especially for speech. It classifies sounds based on whether they are voiced or voiceless, produced with or without vocal cord vibration. Sounds are also classified by their place of articulation in the mouth, such as bilabial sounds using both lips, or alveolar sounds using the alveolar ridge. Finally, manners of articulation are discussed, such as stops which involve a complete stopping of air flow, fricatives which involve a narrow air flow, and nasals which allow air to flow through the nose. The chapter provides methods for describing, classifying, and transcribing the sounds of language.

    Original Title

    5_6091633179129544894

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This chapter discusses the sounds of spoken English and phonetics, the science that studies human sound production, especially for speech. It classifies sounds based on whether they are voiced or voiceless, produced with or without vocal cord vibration. Sounds are also classified by their place of articulation in the mouth, such as bilabial sounds using both lips, or alveolar sounds using the alveolar ridge. Finally, manners of articulation are discussed, such as stops which involve a complete stopping of air flow, fricatives which involve a narrow air flow, and nasals which allow air to flow through the nose. The chapter provides methods for describing, classifying, and transcribing the sounds of language.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views2 pages

    Chapter Three The Sounds of Language

    Uploaded by

    مظفر منعم ميران عباس
    This chapter discusses the sounds of spoken English and phonetics, the science that studies human sound production, especially for speech. It classifies sounds based on whether they are voiced or voiceless, produced with or without vocal cord vibration. Sounds are also classified by their place of articulation in the mouth, such as bilabial sounds using both lips, or alveolar sounds using the alveolar ridge. Finally, manners of articulation are discussed, such as stops which involve a complete stopping of air flow, fricatives which involve a narrow air flow, and nasals which allow air to flow through the nose. The chapter provides methods for describing, classifying, and transcribing the sounds of language.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Chapter Three

    The Sounds of Language

    3.0 Introduction
    In fact, the sounds of spoken English do not match with the letters
    of written English, e.g. island /ailƏnd/. If the letters of the alphabet cannot
    represent the sounds we make, as seen in the above example, it would be
    difficult to describe the sound of a language like English.

    3.1 Phonetics
    The science that studies the characteristics of human sound-making,
    especially those sounds used in speech and provide methods for their
    description, classification, and transcription.

    3.2 Sounds classified in terms of voiced and voiceless sounds


    This term refers to the classification of speech sound, referring to the
    auditory result of the vibration f vocal cords. Sound produced while the
    vocal cords are vibrating are voiced sounds such as [/b/, /z/, /Ʒ/]. Sounds
    produced with no such vibration are voiceless sounds such [/p/, /s/, /ʃ/].

    3.2.1 The place of Articulation


    This refers to where in the vocal apparatus a sound is produced. The
    places of articulation of most consonants are:
    1- Bilabial: these are sounds formed using both lips such as [/p/, /b/, /m/].
    2- Labiodentals: these are sounds formed with the upper teeth and the lower
    lip such as [/f/, /v/].
    3- Dentals: sounds produced with the tongue tip behind the upper front
    teeth such as [/θ/, /ᶞ/]
    4- Alveolars: These sounds are produced with the front part of the tongue
    on the alveolar ridge such as [/t/, /f/, /s/] voiceless [/z/, /d/, /Ʒ/] voiced.
    5- Velars: sounds produced with the back of the tongue against the velum
    are called velars such as [/k/, /g/, /ƞ/].
    6- Glotals: an obstruction or a narrowing causing friction but not vibration
    between the vocal cords. The sound produced is [/h/].
    7- Uvular: sounds made with the back of the tongue and the uvula such as
    [/r/]

    3.2.2 Manners of Articulation


    This refers to how the speech sounds are articulated. The manners
    of articulation of most consonants are:
    1- Stop: it means producing the sound by some form of complete stopping
    of the air stream and then let it go abruptly such as [/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/]
    2- Fricatives: involves locking the air stream and having the air push
    through narrow opening such as [/f/, /v/, /θ/, /ᶞ/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /Ʒ/]
    3- Affricates: These sounds are produced with a combination of a stop a
    fricative such as [/tʃ/, /dƷ/]
    4- Nasals; when the velum is lowered allowing the airflow to flow out
    through the nose such as [/m/, /n/, /ƞ/]
    5- Liquids such as [/l/, /r/]: the /l/ sound is produced by letting the air stream
    flow around the sides of the tongue. The /r/ sound is produced with the
    tongue tip raised and curled behind the alveolar ridge.
    6- Glides: These are sounds like [/w/, /y/]. They are glides or semi vowels.

    Good Luck
    Dr. Hatem Al-Janabi

    You might also like