A Report on

Structural Analysis and Design

Of
Residential Building
(Mrs. Ratna Devi
Maharjan)

Location: Khusibun, Kathmandu

Date: June, 2019

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 Table of Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
1. Description of the Building ............................................................................................................................... 1
2. Construction Site ................................................................................................................................................. 1
3. Dimension of Structural Members................................................................................................................... 1
4. Material .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5. Modeling .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
6. Dead Loads ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
7. Live loads ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
8. Seismic Loads ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
9. Load Cases ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
10. Load Combination .............................................................................................................................................. 4
11. Relevant Codes followed ................................................................................................................................... 4
12. Analysis and Design .......................................................................................................................................... 4
a. Analysis............................................................................................................................................................. 4
b. Design & Detailing ............................................................................................................................................ 7
13. Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
14. References………………………………………………………………………………………………………….21

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1. Introduction
The basic aim of the structural design is to building a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost,
durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. The construction of any building
consists of three phases; a) Design b) Drawing with proper detailing and c) Construction as per
drawing and details. The design of structure consists of two parts. I) Analysis and ii) Design. At
first the preliminary size of various member for specific structure are fixed and the analysis is
carried out. With the result obtained from analysis, necessary design is carried out.

This report deals with the methodology of the Structural Analysis and Design of Residential
building located at, Kathmandu attached herewith.

2. Description of the Building

1.1. Type of Building : Residential Building
1.2. Building Structure : Framed structure
1.3. Number of stories : Three Storey
1.4. Storey Height : 2565 mm (8’5”)
1.5. Height of Parapet Wall : 900mm
1.6. Total Height of Building :13716 mm (45’1”)
1.7. External Wall : Normal Brick 9”
(230mm)
1.8 Internal Wall : 4.5" Brick Wall (110mm)
1.9 Plaster : 12 mm

3. Construction Site
Location Kathmandu
Soil Type Medium (Type II)
Bear Capacity 150 KN/m2 (Assumed)

4. Dimension of Structural Members

Slab Thickness 125 mm (5”)
Footing Varies
Beam Size 230 mm x 350 mm (9” x 14”)
Column 1 300 mm x 300 mm (12’’ x 12”)
Secondary Beam (S.B) 230 mm x 230 mm (9”x9”)

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5. Material
Reinforced Concrete of grade M20.
Reinforcement bars of grade TMT (FE 500).
Unit weight (Concrete) = 25 KN/m3
Unit weight (Masonry wall) = 19.0 KN/m3

6. Modeling
Building is modeled as special moment resisting frame with the standard software ETABS V9.5.
Beam & columns are modeled as line element while slab are modeled as area element.

For the purpose of analysis, following material properties are assumed for

concrete: Grade of Concrete = M20 for all structural member

Grade of Steel = Fe500

Unit weight (Concrete) = 25 kN/m3 Young’s Modulus of

Elasticity (Concrete) =5000√fck

Poisson’s Ratio (Concrete) = 0.2

Unit weight (Masonry wall) = 19.0 KN/m3

7. Dead Loads
Slab / Beam / Column = Program Calculated by unit wt. given (25 kN/m3) Brick

Masonry (Unit Wt.) = 19.0 KN/m3

Floor Finish = 0.9 KN/m2

Partition wall =1.0 KN/m2

8. Live loads
Rooms = 2 KN/m2

Stairs/ Corridors = 3 KN/m2

` Roof (with Access) = 1.5 KN/m2

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9. Seismic Loads

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQ x
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = X
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] Type= II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, S a /g [IS6.4.5]
Sa /g = 2.5
Sa/g = 2.5
Equivalent Lateral Forces
Seismic Coefficient, A h [IS 6.4.2] Ah = Z/2*I/R*Sa/R

Calculated Base Shear

Direction Period Used Weight Vb (KN)

(Sec) (KN)
X 0.474 3365.8855 302.9
X+ Ecc.Y 0.474 3365.8855 302.9
X- Ecc.Y 0.474 3365.8855 302.9

3
IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

4
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQx
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = Y
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method
Factors and Coefficients
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] Type= II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, S a /g [IS6.4.5]
Sa /g = 2.5
Sa/g = 2.5
Equivalent Lateral Forces
Seismic Coefficient, A h [IS 6.4.2] Ah = Z/2*I/R*Sa/R

Calculated Base Shear

Direction Period Used Weight Vb (KN)

(Sec) (KN)
Y 0.517 3365.8855 302.9297
Y+ Ecc.X 0.517 3365.8855 302.9297
Y- Ecc.X 0.517 3365.8855 302.9297

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6
 10. Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS456-2000 and NBC
105 codes.

1. Dead Load (DL): It includes self-weight, Floor Finish, Partition wall, Wall load.

2. Live load (LL)

3. Seismic Load (Ex & Ey):

For Earthquake Load, 100% of Dead Load and 25% of Live Load is taken into account. Seismic
Coefficient method using IS 1893:2000 Part I is applied directly through software (ETABS V9.5)
for Earthquake analysis of the structure.

11. Load Combination

DL +LL
1.DL+LL+WL
DL+WL
DL+EQX
DL+EQY
DL+LL+EQX
DL+LL+EQY

Load combination is auto generated from the ETABS program

12. Relevant Codes followed

a. IS 456: 2000 : For Design of Structural Elements

b. SP 16 : Design Aid

c. SP 34 and IS 13920:1993 : For Detailing

d. NBC 105 : For Lateral Loading

e. IS 875 part I : For Dead Load

f. IS 875 part II : For Live Load

13. Analysis and Design

a. Analysis
A three dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out using the standard software
ETABS V 9.5 .The Structure is assumed to be fixed at the plinth level. The brick wall is considered
as the filler wall only. The beams are modeled as rectangular beams. Center to center dimension
of the structure has been considered. The rigid end effect has also been considered in the analysis.

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3D Model of Building

8
Deformed Shape for Load Case Ex

Moment Diagram for DCon2

9
 Shear Force Diagram for DCon2

b. Design & Detailing

The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method. For the design
of the members IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used extensively.
Footings have been designed for vertical loads developed at the base due to dead load and live
load only. Isolated/ Combine / Strap/ Strip/ Raft footings have been adopted for ground load
transfer. Longitudinal reinforcement in columns has been calculated based on critical load
combination among the load combinations adopted. A symmetric arrangement of the
reinforcement has been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress may occur.
Longitudinal reinforcement in beams is also based on critical load combination. It is calculated
from the envelope of bending moment diagram. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been
calculated as per the ductility principle. IS 13920 -1993 have been used for this purpose.
The Reinforcement detailing of all the important structural components have been shown on the
drawing. They conform to the relevant sections of the IS 456:1975, NBC 105:1994, IS 13920:1993,
SP: 16, and SP 34:1987
50Safe Bearing Capacity taken = 150KN/m2 / Unit wt. of soil taken = 17KN/m3

Design Result from ETABS:

Size of Column= 300x300mm & Size of Beam= 230x350mm

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Design output for elevation A in mm2

11
Design output for First Floor in mm2

12
Typical Detail Calculation of Column of grid 1A

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14
Typical Detail Calculation of First Floor Beam of grid 2/ A-B

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MAXIMUM DEFLECTION

Maximum Deflection (H= 45’1”)

= 0.004x 13.71 = 54.8 mm
The maximum Deflection obtained from ETABS = 14.15 mm
14.15 < 57.28 mm
HENCE OK

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STOREY DRIFT
The maximum inter storey drift obtained from ETABS= 0.00174
0.004 > 0.00174
HENCE OK

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Design Isolated Footing

1) Size of footing
2
Soil bearing capacity 150 KN/m
Axial load from column 556 KN
Weight of foundation 55.6 KN
Total Weight 611.6 KN
2
Area Required 4.0773333 m
Provide a rectangular footing 2.0192408
Provide a Length 2.28 m
Breadth 1.98 m
2
Area Provided 4.5144 m
OK
Therefore,
Length Breadth
Size of column 300 300 mm
Size of footing 2280 1980 mm
2
Grade of concrete M20 20 N/mm
3
Grade of steel Fe415 415 N/mm
Design constants Rc 2.76
K 1
2
Net Upward Pressure (Po ) 123.161 KN/m

2) Design of section The maximum Bending moment acts at a face of column.

Moment 86.03368421 KN-m
Required Depth 116.9263239 mm
Provide Effective depth (d) 450 mm
Overall Depth (D) 500 mm
we have,
Mu = 0.87 * fy *Ast *( d - (fy * Ast ) / ( b * fck ) )
2
Ast= 535.323 mm
Use 12 mm dia bars.
Diameter of bar 12 mm
2
Area of bar 113.0973355 mm
Number of bars 4.733297465
Provide num of bars 6
Spacing 166.6666667
2
Ast Provided 678.5840132 mm OK

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3) Check for critical Shear
The depth found above should be checked for shear. For one way shear
critical section is located at a distance of d from the face of the column.
Where shear force is given as

Shear force (V) 95.10526316 KN

2
Ԏv 0.106739914 N/mm
Pt 0.066138793 %
K 1 d>300
2
Ԏc 0.36 N/mm (From Table 19 of IS 456:2000)
Ԏp 0.36
OK
The depth found above should be checked for shear. For two way shear,
critical section is located at a distance of d/2 from the face of the column all around.
Where shear force is given as

Bc 1.151515152
Ks 1 1.6515152
2
Ԏc 1.118033989 N/mm
2
Ԏp 1118.033989 KN/mm

Vu=Po(L*B-Area of critical sec)

Area of critical section (Vu) 0.75
Force around the section 486.7216906 KN
2
Ԏv 0.360534586 N/mm
OK

4) Check for Development length (Ld)

Longest Dia of bar
from column 16 mm
848 mm
Providing 50 mm side cover, length of bars available
1440 mm
OK

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20
Design of Slab
Design Output:
Thickness of Slab = 5” Rebar= 10 ɸ @ 6” c/c Top and 8 ϕ @6 “c/c

Spacing (Bottom)

Spacing Provided
Bottom- bar dia

Reinforcement
depth required

Spacing (Top)
Top- bar dia

D Provided
Mininum D

Depth from
Post. Short

d Provided
Post. Long

Deflection
Neg Short

Neg Long

provided
Lly/Lx

Check
Short
Long
Load

kN-m/m Mu

Ast
fck
b

2
N/mm
2
kN/m

m m

2
mm

mm

mm

mm
mm
mm

mm
mm

mm
mm
Two 13.195 1000 125 20 490.7 10 8 160 150 524 113.8 105 125 OK
Adjacent 9.8965 1000 125 20 355.0 10 8 142 150 335 113.8 105 125 OK
S1 17 4 4.4 1.2 0.06 0 0 0 70
Edges 10.336 1000 125 20 372 10 8 211 150 524 113.8 105 125 OK
Discontinous 7.6973 1000 125 20 270 10 8 186 150 335 113.8 105 125 OK

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14. Conclusion
Given residential building is analyzed & designed as per the NBC / IS codal provision to
ensure the overall structural safety & serviceability for all the possible load combinations.
Max Drift is within limit specified by code (i.e. less than 0.004H)
It is strongly recommended to consult the structural engineer prior any change in structural
details; if required during construction phase.

15. References
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1- Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
5)
buildings and structures (second revision)

Part 1 – Dead loads

Part 2 – Imposed loads

NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 4236 – 1976 Code of Practice for Earthquake resistant Design and

Construction of Buildings

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

subjected to Seismic forces - Code of Practice

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing Jain, A.K.

Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem
Chand and Bros, Roorkee, 1999

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