Supercharging: Fig.7.1 (A) Naturally Aspirated Engine and (B) Supercharged Engine

Chapter 7
Supercharging
Supercharging: is the process of increasing the weight density of the charge induced into the
cylinder during or Suction stroke.
The purpose of super charging:

1. To maintain the best value of (𝑃𝑏𝑚𝑒 ).
2. To maintain sea level performance at high altitude.
3. To increase the power output.
4. To improve the volumetric efficiency at high altitude and high speeds.
5. To reduce the weight per (𝐵𝑝 ) of the engine.
Thermodynamic cycle with super charging
fig.7.1 (A) naturally aspirated engine and (B) supercharged engine
types of superchargers:
1- Reciprocating type used only on large and slow speed stationary engine.
Fig.7.2 Roots blower super-charger
‫ عباس محمد اسماعيل‬.‫ م‬.‫أ‬ 1

2- Rotary type.
a- positive displacement rotary blower of which the roots and
vane types are example. This type is mechanically driven
from the engine.
b- Turbo - blower which is driven by the exhaust gas from the
engine. This type utilizes the energy in the exhaust gas
which would be lost.
Fig.7.3 vane blower
Supercharging power:
1𝑠𝑡 law of thermodynamic
(𝑢1 + 𝑃1 𝑉1 ) + 𝑊 = (𝑢2 + 𝑃2 𝑉2 ) + 𝑄 Q: very small
𝑊 = (𝑢2 + 𝑃2 𝑉2 ) − (𝑢1 + 𝑃1 𝑉1 )
𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = ℎ2 − ℎ1 = 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇3 ) ⁄𝑘𝑔 ∴ 𝑊 = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟
𝑜𝑟 𝑊̇ = 𝑚̇𝑎 𝐶𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) ∴ 𝑊 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜
̇ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟
Isentropic efficiency of compressor

γ−1
𝑇′2 −𝑇1 𝑃2 𝛾 𝑃2
𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 = → 𝑇′2 = 𝑇1 ( ) ∴ = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑇2 −𝑇1 𝑃1 𝑃1
γ−1
𝑇 ′ −𝑇 𝑚̇𝑎 𝐶𝑝 𝑇1 𝑇 ′ 2 𝑚̇𝑎 𝐶𝑝 𝑇1 𝑃2 𝛾
𝑊̇ = 𝑚̇𝑎 𝐶𝑝 ( 2 1
+ 𝑇1 − 𝑇1 ) → = [ − 1] → = [( ) − 1]
𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑇1 𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑃1
γ−1
𝑚̇𝑎 𝐶𝑝 𝑇1 𝑃2 𝛾
𝑊̇ = [( ) − 1] (𝑘𝑊)
𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑃1
supercharging of spark Ignition Engine:

increasing in supercharging pressure increase the tendency to pre-ignite. also increased
intake pressure and temp. reduces ignition delay and increase flame speed. Both these effects
result in a greater tendency to pre-ignition. Increased the flame speed make the petrol engines
more sensitive to fuel – air mixture and the engine cannot run on weak mixture without knock.

Super charging of compression Ignition engine:
It improves combustion in a diesel engine. Increase the pressure and Temp of the intake
at reduce ignition delay and result in a better, quieter, and smoother combustion. This
improvement in combustion allows a poor quality fuel to be used.
Effect of supercharging performance of Engine:

a. Power output
b. Mechanical efficiency
c. Fuel consumption
A- The power output of a supercharged engine is higher than the nextural aspirated engine
due to:
1- The amount of air induced per cycle for engine Swept volume is increased.
2- The (𝜂𝑚 ) is slightly improved.
3- During the gas exchange process, some of work done on the supercharger is
recovered
4- Supercharging result in Better scavenging
B- Mechanical Efficiency: An increase in the supercharging pressure increase the gas load
and hence large bearing Areas and heavier components are needed. This increase the
frictional forces. However, the increase in (𝑃𝑏𝑚𝑒 ) is much more than increase in frictional
forces. thus the mechanical efficiency of Super charged engine are slightly better than the
naturally aspirated engine.
C- fuel consumption: The Specific fuel consumption for C.I. engine is somewhat less than
that for naturally aspirated engine ne due to better combustion. super charged otto-engine
use very rich mixture to avoid knock, and pre-ignition will give rise to higher specific
fuel consumption.

Example: A six-cylinder, 4.5 litre, 4-stroke supercharged engine operating at 4000 rpm
has an overall volumetric efficiency of 150 %. The compressor has an isentropic
efficiency of 90% and a mechanical efficiency of 85 % in its link with the engine. The
compressed air is delivered to the engine cylinders. at 57℃ and 1.8 bar. The ambient
𝑘𝐽
Conditions are 17℃ and 1 bar. Take γ = 1.4, 𝐶𝑝 = 1.005 for air and calculate:
𝑘𝑔.𝑘
1. The rate of heat rejection from the after–cooler
2. The power absorbed by the supercharger from the engine.
Solution:
γ−1
𝑇2′ 𝑃2 𝛾 1.8 0.286
( ) → 𝑇2′ = 290 ( ) = 343𝑘
𝑇1 𝑃1 1
𝑇 ′ −𝑇 𝑇 ′ 2 −𝑇1 343−290
𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 = 2 1 → 𝑇2 = 𝑇1 + = 290 + = 349𝑘
𝑇2 −𝑇1 𝜂𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 0.9
𝑉̇𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑉̇𝑑 = 0.0045 𝑚3
𝑁 0.0045∗4000
𝑉𝑠̇ = 𝑉̇𝑑 = 𝑉𝑠 ∗ = = 0.15 𝑚3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐
2∗60 2∗60
𝑉̇𝑑 = 𝜂𝑣 ∗ 𝑉𝑠̇ = 0.15 ∗ 1.5 = 0.225𝑚3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑃 1∗10 5 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑎 = = = 1.2 3 → 𝑚̇𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎 ∗ 𝑉𝑎̇ = 1.2 ∗ 0.225 = 0.27 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑅𝑇 287∗290 𝑚
𝑄𝑟𝑒𝑗 = 𝑚̇𝑎 𝐶𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇3 ) = 0.27 ∗ 1.005(349 − 330) = 5.156 𝑘𝐽/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 = 𝑊𝑐 = 𝑚̇𝑎 𝐶𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇3 )
𝑊𝑐 = 0.27 ∗ 1.005(349 − 290) = 16𝑘𝑊
16 16
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 = = = 18.82𝑘𝑊
𝜂𝑚 0.85

Supercharging: Fig.7.1 (A) Naturally Aspirated Engine and (B) Supercharged Engine

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Chapter 7

The purpose of super charging:

2. To maintain sea level performance at high altitude.

3. To increase the power output.

4. To improve the volumetric efficiency at high altitude and high speeds.

5. To reduce the weight per (𝐵𝑝 ) of the engine.

Thermodynamic cycle with super charging

fig.7.1 (A) naturally aspirated engine and (B) supercharged engine

Fig.7.2 Roots blower super-charger

‫ عباس محمد اسماعيل‬.‫ م‬.‫أ‬ 1

Fig.7.3 vane blower

Isentropic efficiency of compressor

supercharging of spark Ignition Engine:

‫ عباس محمد اسماعيل‬.‫ م‬.‫أ‬ 2

Effect of supercharging performance of Engine:

‫ عباس محمد اسماعيل‬.‫ م‬.‫أ‬ 3

‫ عباس محمد اسماعيل‬.‫ م‬.‫أ‬ 4

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