‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ )‪ (2004‬ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (20‬ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ـ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪ 161 :‬ـ‬

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‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ‬

‫ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ ﻟﺼﻔﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬

‫ﻨﻔﺫﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺨﻼل ﻋﺎﻤﻲ ‪ 2001-2000‬ﻟﺘﻘـﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴـﻤﻲ ﻟﺼـﻔﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠـﻴﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬـﺎ ﺒـﺎﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟـﺫﻜﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﺘﻤﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ 62‬ﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﺼﻨﻔ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺜﹼﻠﺕ )‪ ،(R,B,A‬ﺜﻡ ﺯﺭﻋﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ‪ RCBD‬ﻀﻤﺕ ‪ 43‬ﻫﺠﻴﻨ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺃﻨﻬـﺎ ﻤﺨﺘـﺎﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴ ﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴـﺔ ﺤﺼـل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺒﺩﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺒﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﻟـﻸﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻤﺯ )‪ ( R‬ﻜﻤﻌﻴﺩ ﻟﺨﺼﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺁﺒﺎﺀ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﻤـﺯ )‪ (B‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴـﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(1‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 …‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ـ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ‬

Estimation of heterosis and parents genetic

behavior in some Sorghum hybrids utilizing
cytoplasmic male sterility technique
Ghassan Al-lahham(1) and Tayssir Mansour(1)

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at the General Commission Of Scientific
Agricultural Research (GCSAR) for tow consecutive years, 2000-2001, to
estimate the heterosis of some sorghum hybrids utilizing cytoplasmic male
sterility technique, and to determine the behavior of the parents used in
hybridization concerning their relation to the cytoplasmic male sterility.
Hybrids were planted in a randomized complete block design, including 43
hybrids in tow replications.
The results showed variation among parents characters, because they were
selected from different environments and also differ in genetic components.
positive heterosis was recorded form crosses involved foreign parents with
local ones, or foreign hybridized with foreign. positive heterotic values for
earliness and productivity were obtained .
The genetic constitution of the male parent was assessed as R-line (restoring
of the A-line), and B-line (maintainer of the A-line).

Key Words: Sorghum bicolor, Cytoplasmic male sterility, Heterosis,

parents behavior.

(1 )
General Commission Of Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) , Damascus, Syria.

162
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ )‪ (2004‬ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (20‬ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ـ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪ 161 :‬ـ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌ ﱡﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ )‪ (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﻓﻬـﻲ‬
‫ﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺯ ﻭﺍﻟـﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼـﻔﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺸـﻌﻴﺭ )‪.(1994,FAO‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ‪ 7000 – 4000‬ﻫـ ﺒﺈﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ‪ 1 – 0.5‬ﻁﻥ‪/‬ﻫــ‬
‫)ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ .(2000‬ﻭﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ %90‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺨـﺯﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻭﺯﻋﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﻫﺠﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻀـﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻤﻘﺒـﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‪ .‬ﺘﻌ ﱡﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻤﺤﺼـﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﺴـﺘﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺤﺒﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺯ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻁﻌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺠﻥ ﻭﻜﻌﻠﻑ ﺃﺨﻀـﺭ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﻌﺩ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﻫـﻡ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫـﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭل ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻫﻘـﺔ )‪ .(1995,Aekatasanawan et al‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﻬل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴـﻥ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻜﺘﺸﻔﺕ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻗـﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ‪ Heterosis‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺴﻼﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻨﻘﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻁﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺨﻠﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻓﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻁﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺢ ‪ % 30-25‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻋﻁـﺕ ‪ .(1983,Singh) % 40-25‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭ ﺃﻋﻁـﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺠـﻥ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﺭ ‪ %50‬ﻭ‪ %30‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻎ )‪ .(1971,Chaudhari‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴـﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻗـﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺸﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ )‪ .(1973,Marania, Avieli‬ﺃﻜـﺩ ‪et al‬‬
‫‪ (1991) Jampatong‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ‪ hybrid vigor‬ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺩﺭﺱ ﺒﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﺴـﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺠـﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـﺎﻥ ‪Mukherjee, Ahuja‬‬
‫)‪ (1988‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺫﻭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻗـﻭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﻗـﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻫﺠـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ )‪ .(1997, Can et al‬ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـﺙ ‪Perez, et al‬‬
‫)‪ (1991‬ﻓﻲ ﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﺒﺤﺜﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻟﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﻁﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﺃﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﹰﺍ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺌـﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﺎﻤـﺔ‬
‫)‪ (GCA‬ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻴﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ـ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ…‬

‫ﺁﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ‪ (1990) Kozubenko et al‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘـﻭﻯ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﺭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺠﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻴﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺩﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺁﺒﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ‪ (1998) Senthil et al‬ﻟﺩﻯ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘـﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺨﺼﻭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻘﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﻔﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻬﺎﺕ ﻫﺠﻨـﹰﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺘـﻊ ﺒﻘـﻭﺓ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﻟﻶﺒﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬـﺎ ﺒـﺎﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟـﺫﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺌﻘﻪ‬

‫ﻨﻔﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺴـﻡ ﺍﻟـﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼـﻔﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻥ ﻋﺎﻤﻲ ‪ .2001-2000‬ﺯﺭﻋﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﻭﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ‪ 62‬ﺴـﻼﻟﺔ )‪18‬ﺴـﻼﻟﺔ‪ A‬ﻭ‪18‬‬
‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ ‪ B‬ﻭ‪ 26‬ﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﺼﻨﻑ ‪ ،(R‬ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻋﻴﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ‪10‬‬
‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺯﻫﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤ ﹼﺜﻠﺕ ﻜل ﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﺼﻨﻑ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻁ ﺒﻁﻭل ‪ 3‬ﺃﻤﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻨﻔﺫﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﺴـﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻠﻴﻑ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ )‪ (A) ،(B) ،(R‬ﻋﻨـﺩ ﻅﻬـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻜﻭل )‪ (Heading‬ﻭﻗﺒـل ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺃﻜﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﺫ ﻤـﻥ ﻜل ﺴﻼﻟـﺔ )‪ (A‬ﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﺭﺒﻰ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭُﺃ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ‪ .‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺘﻜـﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺠـﻥ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﻡ ﺍﻟـﺫﻜﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ ﺒﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ )‪ (A‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ )‪ (B‬ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ‬
‫)‪ (R‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺨﺼﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﻜل ﺃﺼل ﺒﺄﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻜﺜﺎﺭ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ ‪A‬‬ ‫‪A*B‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻫﺠﻥ‬ ‫‪A*R‬‬
‫ﺇﻜﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ‪B‬‬ ‫⊗‪B‬‬
‫ﺇﻜﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ‪R‬‬ ‫⊗‪R‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺁﺒﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻜﺭﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﻤ ﹼﺜل ﻜل ﻤﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻁﻭل ‪ 3‬ﺃﻤﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻨﻔﺫﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻅﻬـﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻜﻭل ) ‪ (Heading‬ﻏﻠﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﺎﻜﻴل ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻬﺎﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁﻲ ﻭﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ )‪ (2004‬ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (20‬ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ـ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪ 161 :‬ـ‬
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‫‪ -1‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺯﻫﺎﺭ ‪ %50‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﺎﻜﻴل‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 2‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﺎﻜﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﺎﻜﻴل ﻜﻎ ‪ /‬ﻗﻁﻌﺔ‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻓﻲ‪%‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻲ ﻁﻥ‪/‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻘـﻡ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒـﺫﻭﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪ % 75‬ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ‪R‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻜﻭل‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻘﻡ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬ ‫‪% 75 - 25‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ‪. (1998, Elkonin et al ) B‬‬ ‫> ‪% 25‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺕ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪H (MP)= F1– MP / MP * 100‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‪ H (MP) :‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻱ ‪ :F1 .‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ :MP‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪MP= (P1+P2) / 2‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺩﺭﺴﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪H (hp) = (F1 – HP) / HP*100‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‪ : H(hp) :‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ‪ :HP‬ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﻋـﻥ ﻁﺭﻴـﻕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻋﻘﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل )‪ ( F1‬ﺘﻌ ﱡﺩ ﺍﻟﺴـﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺏ )‪( B‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻤﺔ)‪ (A‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل )‪ ( F1‬ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﻓﺘﻌـ ﱡﺩ ﻨﺒﺎﺘـﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺏ )‪( R‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺨﺼﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻤﺔ )‪ .(A‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨـﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫‪ Mstat-C‬ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺠﺩﻭل ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ‪ ANOVA‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻗل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ‪. L.S.D‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ـ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺼـﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻼﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ـ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ…‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺯﻫﺎﺭ‪ %50‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭﺍﺕ )ﻴﻭﻡ(‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻶﺒﺎﺀ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ‪ %5‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠـﻴﻥ ﺒﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻗل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ )‪ (LSD‬ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ‪ 1.437‬ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ )‪ (CV‬ﻗﺩﺭﻩ ‪ .%1‬ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼـﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺇﺯﻫﺎﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 71‬ﻴﻭﻤ ﹰﺎ ﻟﻸﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ‪IZ-29 - IZ-39 - - 14-IZ‬‬
‫‪ IZ-36‬ﻭﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ ‪ ،MMS-50B‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼل ﺇﺯﻫﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ‪ 102‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻑ ‪) .ICSV-230‬ﺠﺩﻭل‪.(1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺃﻗل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨـﻭﻱ ‪L.S.D‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ‪%5‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ )ﻁﻥ‪/‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺎﺭ )ﻴﻭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺏ )ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬
‫‪3.49hi‬‬ ‫*‪89ef‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪MMS 52 B‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3.99fg‬‬ ‫‪81j‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-41‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3.70gh‬‬ ‫‪102a‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪ICSV-230‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5.26bc‬‬ ‫‪99b‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪ICSV-189‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪3.3hi‬‬ ‫‪87gh‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪BTX 631 B‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪3.09ij‬‬ ‫‪86hi‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪SPL 33 B‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪5.08bc‬‬ ‫‪85I‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪ICSR 89015‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪3.57hi‬‬ ‫‪75l‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-46‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪4.02ef‬‬ ‫‪71m‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-36‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪5.35bc‬‬ ‫‪71m‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-39‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪4.22de‬‬ ‫‪71m‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-29‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪5.64bc‬‬ ‫‪88fg‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-44‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪6.19ab‬‬ ‫‪90e‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪MMR 107‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫‪4.76cd‬‬ ‫‪90e‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪ICSR 89 004‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪6.27ab‬‬ ‫‪81j‬‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫‪LO CAL 129‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪3.7gh‬‬ ‫‪77k‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-30‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪5.49bc‬‬ ‫‪89ef‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪BTX 629‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪6.28ab‬‬ ‫‪86hi‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-45‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪7.61a‬‬ ‫‪85i‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪ICSR 38‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪2.09l‬‬ ‫‪88fg‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪MMS 8 B‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪4.17de‬‬ ‫‪96c‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪MMS 27 B‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪3.64gh‬‬ ‫‪97c‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪MMR 101‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪4.34de‬‬ ‫‪71m‬‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪IZ-14‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫‪2.22kl‬‬ ‫‪88fg‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪MMS 58 B‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪2.54jk‬‬ ‫‪71m‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪MMS 50 B‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪4.34de‬‬ ‫‪93d‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪BTX 629 – 1B‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫‪1.484‬‬ ‫‪1.437‬‬ ‫‪LSD 0.05‬‬
‫‪%21‬‬ ‫‪%1‬‬ ‫‪C.V %‬‬
‫*ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺒﺠﺩﻱ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺭﻭ ﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‪%5‬‬

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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ )‪ (2004‬ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (20‬ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ـ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪ 161 :‬ـ‬
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‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻁﻥ‪/‬ﻫـ‪ :‬ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻶﺒﺎﺀ )ﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ( ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ‪ %5‬ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴـﺔ‬
‫)ﻁﻥ‪/‬ﻫـ( ﺒﺄﻗل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ )‪ (LSD‬ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ‪ 1.484‬ﻁﻨﹰﺎ‪/‬ﻫـ ﻭﺒﻤﻌﺎﻤـل ﺍﺨـﺘﻼﻑ)‪(CV‬‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭﻩ ‪ %21‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ‪ ICSR-38‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻗﺩﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 7.61‬ﻁﻨﹰﺎ‪/‬ﻫـ ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ‪ MMS-8B‬ﺃﻗل ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ‪ 2.09‬ﻁﻨﹰﺎ‪/‬ﻫـ )ﺠﺩﻭل ‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺘﻘـﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﻀﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (2‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻹﺯﻫـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺼﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (A‬ﻀﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻹﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﻤﻥ ‪ 103-77‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻥ ) ‪/SSH–14, 00/SSH-15, 00/SSH-26, 00/SSH-28,‬‬
‫‪ (0000/SSH-29‬ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (00/SSH-25‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻓـﻲ ﺤـﻴﻥ ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜـﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺠـﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫‪ 00/SSH-19‬ﻭ‪ 00/SSH-34‬ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻥ‪/‬ﻫـ ﻤﻥ )ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﺤﺒـﻭﺏ( ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫)‪ (9.04‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل )‪. (F1‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ ـ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪-1‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺯﻫﺎﺭ‪ %50‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭﺍﺕ )ﻴﻭﻡ(‪ :‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺠـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻙ ‪ 32‬ﻫﺠﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ )ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺯﻫﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ( ﻭﺒﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ‪ %5‬ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ 2+‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪38 +‬‬
‫‪ %‬ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻥ )‪ ،(00/SSH-42) – (00/SSH-33, 00/SSH-20‬ﻓﻲ ﺤـﻴﻥ ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜـﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺠـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ‪ 7‬ﻗﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ )ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺯﻫﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻗـل ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻔـﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ‪ %5‬ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﺒـﻴﻥ – ‪ 1‬ﺇﻟـﻰ –‪% 8‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻥ )‪ ( 00/SSH-36, 00/SSH-10‬ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻫﺠﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺼـﻔﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺜـل ﺍﻟﻬﺠـﻥ )‪.(00/SSH-9, 00/SSH-15, 00/SSH-4, 00/SSH-27‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭ ‪ 25‬ﻫﺠﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻫﺠﻴﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻤﻌـﺩﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﺒـﻴﻥ ‪ 2+‬ﺇﻟـﻰ ‪ % 38 +‬ﻟﻠﻬﺠـﻥ‬
‫‪ 00/SSH-42,00/SSH-33,00/SSH-17,00/SSH-39,00/SSH-1‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﻌﺕ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﻫﺠﻴﻥ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻟﻸﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ‪ 18‬ﻫﺠﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﻬـﺎ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫– ‪ 1‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ % 11-‬ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻥ ‪ 00/SSH-36, 00/SSH-26 - 00/SSH-27‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪.‬‬

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 …‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ـ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ‬

.‫( ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬2) ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ‬ F1 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ‬
H(hp) H(mp)
‫ﺃﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ‬
*
‫ﻫـ‬/‫ﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬/‫ﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬/‫ﻁﻥ‬
-93qr 2k -91w* 5k* 0.380 98 MMS – 48A * MMS 52 B 00/SSH-1
101c 6gh 126b 10i 8.0 92 SPL 33A * IZ – 41 00/SSH-2
5h -10s 14k -2op 3.870 92 SPL 33A * ICSV 230 00/SSH-3
160a -6pq 92d 0n 8.030 93 SPL 33A * ICSV 189 00/SSH-4
-87p 14d -86u 14g 0.440 99 SPL 33A * BTX 631 B 00/SSH-5
-74o 19c -74s 25c 1.050 96 SPL 109A * IZ – 41 00/SSH-6
-94qr 15d -94x 25c 0.220 100 SPL 109A * BTX 631 B 00/SSH-7
55e -3mn 60g 13gh 6.110 99 SPL 109A * ICSV 230 00/SSH-8
-90pq -5op -89v 0n 0.340 91 MA4A * SPL 33 B 00/SSH-9
-97rs -6pq -97y -1no 0.130 90 MA4A * ICSR 89015 00/SSH-10
11g -7qr 14k 3lm 3.970 89 MA4A * IZ – 46 00/SSH-11
-76o 26b -76t 28b 0.950 92 MA , A * IZ- 36 00/SSH-12
-18jk 25b -6n 26c 4.380 91 MA , A * IZ- 39 00/SSH-13
-15j 5hi -13p 7j 3.570 77 MA , A * IZ- 29 00/SSH-14
25f -5op 25j 0n 4.990 77 MA , A * IZ- 41 00/SSH-15
27f 14d 71f 20d 7.140 100 ICSA-11*IZ-44 00/SSH-16
-77o 2k -68r 10i 1.430 92 ICSA-11*MMR-107 00/SSH-17
3h 6gh 40h 10i 5.790 101 ICSA-12-2*IZ-44 00/SSH-18
-100s 5hi -100z 9i - 101 ICSA-22*ICSR-89004 00/SSH-19
28f -2lm 60g 2m 8.00 87 ICSA – 37 * LOCAL 129 00/SSH-20
-28m 7g -12p 12h 2.860 87 ICSA – 67 * 1Z – 41 00/SSH-21
-27m -4no -13p -3p 2.690 74 ICSA – 67 * 1Z – 30 00/SSH-22
-97rs 5hi -97y 5k 0.110 91 AT X 631 * SPL 33 B 00/SSH-23
-86p 6gh -95x 7j 0.230 94 AT X 631 * BTX 629 00/SSH-24
61d 18c 111c 18ef 10.130 103 ATX 631 * 1Z – 45 00/SSH-25
136b -11s 145a -5q 8.420 77 ATX 631 * 1Z – 46 00/SSH-26
-25lm -1l 5l 0n 5.710 86 ATX 631 * ICSR – 38 00/SSH-27
-96rs -3n -95x 3lm 0.220 77 MMS 16 A * 1Z – 39 00/SSH-28
-94qr -3n -94x 3lm 0.240 77 MMS 16 A * 1Z– 36 00/SSH-29
13g -3n 27i -3p 6.370 86 MMS 20 A * 1Z – 44 00/SSH-30
-97rs 3k -95x 3lm 0.150 92 MMS 20 A * MMS – 8 B 00/SSH-31
-96rs -4o -95x -3p 0.170 94 MMS 24 A * MMS 27 B 00/SSH-32
-34n 2k -94x 2m 0.270 92 MMS 31 A * ICS R-89004 00/SSH-33
53e 4j 89e 4kl 9.040 101 MMS 33 A * MMR 101 00/SSH-34
-2i -10s 13k 4kl 5.800 87 MMS 33 A * 1Z– 14 00/SSH-35
-94qr -11s -91w -8r 0.360 86 MMS 33 A * MMS 58 B 00/SSH-36
60d 15d 71f 20d 6.380 102 MMS 52 A * 1Z – 41 00/SSH-37
-95r 15d -94x 17f 0.260 102 MMS 52 A * ICS R-89015 00/SSH-38
-20k 2k -1m 10i 6.70 87 MMS 55 A * ICS R -3 8 00/SSH-39
-21kl 11e -17q 19de 4.00 94 MMS 55 A * ICSR-89015 00/SSH-40
-15j 9f -9o 14g 3.890 88 MMS 55A * 1Z– 41 00/SSH-41
-28m 38a -8o 38a 3.290 99 MMS 55A * MMS 50 B 00/SSH-42
-15j -8r -13p 7j 3.890 89 MMS 55A * BTX 629-1B 00/SSH-43
12 22 4 10 CV %
4.75 1.44 1.20 1.38 L.S.D 0.05

168
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ )‪ (2004‬ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (20‬ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ـ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪ 161 :‬ـ‬
‫‪173‬‬

‫*ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺒﺠﺩﻱ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺭﻭ ﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‪%5‬‬

‫‪-2‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻁﻥ‪/‬ﻫـ‪ :‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻘـﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ‪ .%5‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻙ ‪ 16‬ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠـﻴﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤـﺕ ﺒـﻴﻥ ‪ 5+‬ﺇﻟـﻰ ‪ %145+‬ﻟﻠﻬﺠـﻥ ‪00/SSH-27,‬‬
‫‪00/SSH26‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻠﻙ ‪ 27‬ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻤﻥ –‪ 1‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪-‬‬
‫‪ %100‬ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻥ ‪ .00/SSH-19, 00/SSH-39‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﻫﺠﻴﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻟﻸﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ‪ 14‬ﻫﺠﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ 3+‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ %160+‬ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻥ‪00/SSH-4,00/SSH-18‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻠـﻙ ‪ 29‬ﻫﺠﻴﻨـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ ﹰﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻔـﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـﺘﻭﻯ ‪%5‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺘﻬﺎ –‪ 2‬ﺇﻟﻰ –‪ ،% 100‬ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻥ ‪00/SSH-19, 00/SSH-35‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻋﻁﺕ ﺒﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺠﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﺘﻔﻭﻗﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ )‪ (%‬ﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ )‪(%‬ﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ )ﻁﻥ‪/‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ)ﻴﻭﻡ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴــــﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻴﻥ‬
‫‪A*R‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪SPL33A*ICSV189‬‬ ‫‪00/SSH-4‬‬
‫‪A*R‬‬ ‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬ ‫‪-11‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪ATX631*IZ46‬‬ ‫‪00/SSH-26‬‬
‫‪A*R‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪MA6A*IZ41‬‬ ‫‪00/SSH-15‬‬
‫‪A*R‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬ ‫‪MMS20A*IZ44‬‬ ‫‪00/SSH-30‬‬
‫‪A*R‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪-10‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪SPL33A*ICSV230‬‬ ‫‪00/SSH-3‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـﺙ‪ (1983) Singh‬ﻭ‪ (1996) Ahnert et al‬ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺫﻜـﺭﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻟﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺁﺒﺎﺀ ﺘﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟـﻭﺭﺍﺜﻲ ﻴﻌﻁـﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺠﻨﹰﺎ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﻫﺠﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﻁـﺕ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ ﻫﺠﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻔﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻴﻀـﹰﺎ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـﺙ‬
‫‪ (1973) Planchon‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻼﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﺈﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ × ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺔ ×‬
‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ )‪ .(1967,Upadyaya, Rasmusson‬ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻻﺤﻅـﻪ ‪Jiakui, et al‬‬

‫‪169‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ـ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ…‬

‫)‪ (1996‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬـﺎ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﻡ ﺍﻟـﺫﻜﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻲ ﻟﻶﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻜﻭل‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﺒﻌـﺽ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ )‪ (B‬ﻷﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨـﺔ ﺃﻗـل ﻤـﻥ ‪ %25‬ﻤﺜـل ‪MMS-52B‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ IZ-41‬ﻭ‪ BTX-631‬ﻭ‪ ICSR-89015‬ﻭ‪ SPL-33B‬ﻭ‪ IZ-36‬ﻭ‪ MMS-8B‬ﻭ‪BTX-629‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ ICSR-89004‬ﻭ‪ MMS-27B‬ﻭ‪ MMS-58B‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـﺔ ﻟﺘﻠـﻙ‬
‫ﻋﺩ‪ ‬ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ )‪ (R‬ﻤﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﺨﺼﻭﺒﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﻤﻬﺎﺕ ﻷﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪ F1‬ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪%75‬ﻤﺜل‪ IZ-41‬ﻭ‪ ICSV-230‬ﻭ‪ ICSV-189‬ﻭ‪ IZ-46‬ﻭ‪ IZ-39‬ﻭ‪IZ-29‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ IZ-44‬ﻭ‪ ICSR-89015‬ﻭ‪ ICSR-89004‬ﻭ‪ IZ-30‬ﻭ‪ IZ-45‬ﻭ‪ ICSR-38‬ﻭ‪MMS-8B‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ MMS-27B‬ﻭ‪ MMS-58B‬ﻭ‪ MMS-50B‬ﻭ‪ BTX-629–1B‬ﻭ‪ IZ-14‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻋﻁﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻋﻘﻤﹰﺎ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻷﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒـﺫﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ % 75-25‬ﻤﺜـل ‪ ،MMR-107‬ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓـﻕ ﻤــﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻋ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻜﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫‪ (1998) Elkonin et al‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠـﺔ‬
‫)ﺠﺩﻭل ‪.(3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺨﻠﺼﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻋـﺩﺩﻫﺎ ‪62‬‬
‫ﻁﺭﺍﺯﹰﺍ ﺃﻨﺘﺠﺕ ﻫﺠﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ‪ 43‬ﻫﺠﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻲ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗـﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻴﻥ ‪ H mp‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻠـﻰ ‪.H hp‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻭﺒﻼﺯﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺩ ﺃﻅﻬـﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺴﻼﻻﺕ )‪ (B‬ﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ )‪ ( R‬ﻤﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺨﺼﻭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬

‫‪170‬‬
 ‫ ـ‬161 :‫( ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ـ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬20) ‫( ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬2004) ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ‬
173

‫( ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﻸﺒﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬3) ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل‬

ICSSA12-2
MMS55A
MMS52A
MMS33A
MMS31A
MMS24A
MMS20A
MMS16A

MMS48A
SPL109A
ATX631

SPL33A
ICSA67
ICSA37
ICSA22

ICSA11
MA6A
MA4A
B* MMS52B
R R R R B R IZ41
R* R ICSV230
R ICSV189
B B BTX631B
B B SPL33B
R B B ICSR89015
R R IZ46
B B IZ36
B R IZ39
R IZ29
R R R IZ44
-+ MMR107
B B ICSR89004
R LOCAL129
R IZ30
B BTX629
R IZ45
R R ICSR38
B MMS8B
B MMS27B
R MMS58B
R MMR101
R MMS50B
R BTX6291B
B IZ14
R ‫ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬% 75 > : ‫* ﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ‬
‫ ﻋﻘﻡ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬% 75 - 25

171
 …‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ـ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺠﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ‬

. (1998, Elkonin et al ) B ‫ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬% 25 >

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Received 2002/11/23 ‫ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬

Accepted for Publ. 2003/06/07 ‫ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬

173