Listening Skills
Listening Skills
Listening Skills
LISTENING SKILLS
INTRODUCTION TO LISTENING:
Communication has two dimensions:
1. Speaking (Expression)
2. Listening (reception)
In most of the Western civilization, speaking has been the form of
communication regarded as most important. The first books on
communication were about how to an effective speaker. Listeners were
recognized, but only as they were important to the purpose of the speakers.
Speakers are given honour for been a great speaker but no one has been
recognized for their talent of being a good listener.
Here, we will discuss that how much power listening can provide in interacting
with others. But listening that has the power must be a conscious listening. We
all eventually learn to listen but listening with conscious takes a little effort.
Becoming a conscious listener will make one more sensitive to the needs of
listener and hence improve their competence of being a good speaker.
As Paul Tournier, a Swiss Psychiatrist, has expressed:
“It is impossible to over emphasize the immense need human have to be really
listened to, to be taken seriously, to be understood. Listen to all the
conversation of our world, between nations as well as those in couples.
(Powell p.5)
Now a day the importance of listening has been recognized by many. Coakley
and Wolven cite no less than 12 major studies by organizations which found
listening to be the most important skill.
Listening is not merely talking," said poet Alice Duer Miller. "You can listen like a blank wall or like a
splendid auditorium where every sound comes back fuller and richer."
Definition of Listening:
Nichol and Lewis:
“To listen is to attach meaning to the aural symbols perceived”.
Michael Purdy:
“Listening is the active and dynamic process of attending, perceiving
interpreting, remembering and responding to the expressed (verbal/ non-
verbal) needs, concerns and information offered by other human beings”.
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LISTENING IN CLASSROOMS:
Informal measures of listening abilities have been in existence for several
centuries in the class room setting. After listening to various types of
information, students have been expected to perform well on both oral and
written examination. Yet not until the mid 1950’s did theorist began to
differentiate between intelligence, reading and listening abilities.
The first formal listening studies were concerned with listening comprehension
at elementary school level. Most listening tests were designed to understand
the relationship between listening and verbal ability. In 1937, Durrell and
Sullivan developed a test to measure how well children understood “spoken
language” or “Auditory comprehension”. Very few people recognized that it is
a listening test as it was named Durrell-Sullivan Reading Capacity Test. Later in
1941 Miller examined the relationship between listening and reading
comprehension.
COMPONENTS OF LISTENING:
Listening comprises of some key components, they are:
• Discriminating between sounds.
• Recognizing words and understanding their meaning.
• Identifying grammatical groupings of words.
• Identifying expressions and sets of utterances that act to create meaning.
• Connecting linguistic cues to non-linguistic and paralinguistic cues.
• Using background knowledge to predict and to confirm meaning.
• Recalling important words and ideas.
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Process of listening
The process of listening occurs in five stages. They are hearing, understanding,
remembering, evaluating, and responding.
Step 1
Receiving
(Hearing)
Step 5 Step 2
Responding Understanding
(Answering) (Learning)
Step 4 Step 3
Evaluating Remebering
(Judging) (Recalling)
Now that you've made eye contact, relax. You don't have to stare fixedly at the
other person. You can look away now and then and carry on like a normal
person. The important thing is to be attentive. The dictionary says that to
"attend" another person means to:
be present
give attention
pay attention
Listen without judging the other person or mentally criticizing the things she
tells you. If what she says alarms you, go ahead and feel alarmed, but don't
say to yourself, "Well, that was a stupid move." As soon as you indulge in
judgmental bemusements, you've compromised your effectiveness as a
listener.
Step 4: Listen to the words and try to picture what the speaker is saying.
When it's your turn to listen, don’t spend the time planning what to say next.
You can't rehearse and listen at the same time. Think only about what the
other person is saying.
Finally, concentrate on what is being said, even if it bores you. If your thoughts
start to wander, immediately force yourself to refocus.
Children used to be taught that it's rude to interrupt. I'm not sure that message
is getting across anymore. Certainly the opposite is being modeled on the
majority of talk shows and reality programs, where loud, aggressive, in-your-
face behavior is condoned, if not encouraged.
When you don't understand something, of course you should ask the speaker
to explain it to you. But rather than interrupt, wait until the speaker pauses.
Then say something like, "Back up a second. I didn't understand what you just
said about…"
When you notice that your question has led the speaker astray, take
responsibility for getting the conversation back on track by saying something.
Show that you understand where the speaker is coming from by reflecting the
speaker's feelings. If the speaker's feelings are hidden or unclear, then
occasionally paraphrase the content of the message. Or just nod and show
your understanding through appropriate facial expressions and an occasional
well-timed "hmmm" or "uh huh."
Face to face with a person, you can detect enthusiasm, boredom, or irritation
very quickly in the expression around the eyes, the set of the mouth, the slope
of the shoulders. These are clues you can't ignore. When listening, remember
that words convey only a fraction of the message
Works Cited:
Babita Tyagi: Listening: an Important skill and its Various Aspects
Michael Purdy and Deborah Bisoff. (1997) Listening in Everyday Life
Rost M. (1990): Listening in language learning.
Heinle & Heinle Brooks, N. (1960). Language and language learning
Kittie W. Watson and Larry L. Barker p. 178