Study of Routing Protocols Used For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Study of Routing Protocols used for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
A technology is needed that supplements wired infrastructure with a wireless

backbone to provide connectivity to mobile nodes or users in residential areas &
offices. Each wireless backbone node has a dual function : a a wireless router
forwarding packets of other nodes and transmitting the packets of its clients WMN
has the potential to deliver Internet broadband access, wireless local area network
coverage and network connectivity for stationary or mobile hosts at low costs
both for network operators and customers as a wireless bridge.
The fundamental principle this technology is dependent is the process of routing
data packets to the destination in a multi-hop fashion. Generally speaking, a WMN
is a group of self-organized and self-configured mesh clients and mesh routers
interconnected via wireless link There are various routing protocols available for
Wireless mesh network (WMN).The most popular ones are DSR, AODV and
DSDV.
This paper attempts to compare these three protocols on the performance basis
under different environments.The tools used for the simulation are NS2 which is
the main simulator, NAM (Network Animator) .
DSR
The Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) is a simple and efficient routing
protocol designed specifically for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks of
mobile nodes. DSR allows the network to be completely self-organizing and self-
configuring, without the need for any existing network infrastructure or
administration.
The protocol is composed of the two main mechanisms of "Route Discovery" and
"Route Maintenance", which work together to allow nodes to discover and
maintain routes to arbitrary destinations in the ad hoc network. All aspects of the
protocol operate entirely on-demand, allowing the routing packet overhead of DSR
to scale automatically to only that needed to react to changes in the routes
currently in use.
The protocol allows multiple routes to any destination and allows each sender to
select and control the routes used in routing its packets, for example for use in load
balancing or for increased robustness. Other advantages of the DSR protocol
include easily guaranteed loop-free routing, support for use in networks containing
unidirectional links, use of only "soft state" in routing, and very rapid recovery
when routes in the network change. The DSR protocol is designed mainly for
mobile ad hoc networks of up to about two hundred nodes, and is designed to
work well with even very high rates of mobility. DSR is not capable of handling
congestion.
AODV
It is routing protocol intended for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. It is designed for
large networks containing hundreds of mobile nodes. Routing for AODV is based
on the source address, destination address and next hop address. Each node in
AODV maintains its own routing table containing information regarding how to
reach the destination node.
It is an on demand and table driven routing protocol that is unless the demand for a
route arises the path to that destination is not known.It supports both unicasting
and multicasting within a uniform framework.
It has 2 main phases :-
I. Route Discovery
II. Route Maintenance
One of the main features of AODV is the routes have a lifetime after which they
expire unless they are used. Route is maintained as long as it is used.
Unlike DSR where multiple routes to the destination are possible only one route is
maintained by AODV between a particular source destination pair.
AODV also deals with the route table management. It maintains route information
for even the short lived routes by means of reverse pointers.
Simulation
The tools used for the simulation are NS2 which is the main simulator, NAM
(Network Animator) .
Ns2 source code of DSR with 10 nodes:-
Network animator file for DSR
Aodv code with 10 nodes:
Nam file:-
NS2 code for AODV on execution:-

Number of nodes 18
X dimension:1000(area over which routing properties are going to be observed)

Y dimension:1000
the network animator file output for aodv in the above configuration is as follows:-
Number of nodes=100
Dimensions: 1000X1000
Ns2 Simulation:
DSDV code with 10 nodes:-

Study of Routing Protocols Used For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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Study of Routing Protocols used for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A technology is needed that supplements wired infrastructure with a wireless

NS2 code for AODV on execution:-

X dimension:1000(area over which routing properties are going to be observed)

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