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    Asad Hassan 1615300012: Name-Roll No - Sub

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    Rahul
    The document discusses factors affecting runoff hydrographs, the difference between infiltration capacity and rate, well loss, differences between confined and unconfined aquifers, and definitions of aquifer and aquiclude. It provides answers to 5 questions on these topics, describing how precipitation, catchment characteristics, and geology can impact runoff hydrographs. It defines infiltration capacity and rate, well loss factors like interference and development, and differences in how confined and unconfined aquifers respond to pumping with regards to drawdown and water level changes. Finally, it defines an aquifer as a permeable formation that stores and yields water, and an aquiclude as a porous but impermeable formation that can contain water but not

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    Asad Hassan 1615300012: Name-Roll No - Sub

    Uploaded by

    Rahul
    17 views3 pages
    The document discusses factors affecting runoff hydrographs, the difference between infiltration capacity and rate, well loss, differences between confined and unconfined aquifers, and definitions of aquifer and aquiclude. It provides answers to 5 questions on these topics, describing how precipitation, catchment characteristics, and geology can impact runoff hydrographs. It defines infiltration capacity and rate, well loss factors like interference and development, and differences in how confined and unconfined aquifers respond to pumping with regards to drawdown and water level changes. Finally, it defines an aquifer as a permeable formation that stores and yields water, and an aquiclude as a porous but impermeable formation that can contain water but not

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    Hydrology Assignment

    Original Title

    ASD_Hydrology

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    The document discusses factors affecting runoff hydrographs, the difference between infiltration capacity and rate, well loss, differences between confined and unconfined aquifers, and definitions of aquifer and aquiclude. It provides answers to 5 questions on these topics, describing how precipitation, catchment characteristics, and geology can impact runoff hydrographs. It defines infiltration capacity and rate, well loss factors like interference and development, and differences in how confined and unconfined aquifers respond to pumping with regards to drawdown and water level changes. Finally, it defines an aquifer as a permeable formation that stores and yields water, and an aquiclude as a porous but impermeable formation that can contain water but not

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views3 pages

    Asad Hassan 1615300012: Name-Roll No - Sub

    Uploaded by

    Rahul
    The document discusses factors affecting runoff hydrographs, the difference between infiltration capacity and rate, well loss, differences between confined and unconfined aquifers, and definitions of aquifer and aquiclude. It provides answers to 5 questions on these topics, describing how precipitation, catchment characteristics, and geology can impact runoff hydrographs. It defines infiltration capacity and rate, well loss factors like interference and development, and differences in how confined and unconfined aquifers respond to pumping with regards to drawdown and water level changes. Finally, it defines an aquifer as a permeable formation that stores and yields water, and an aquiclude as a porous but impermeable formation that can contain water but not

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Name-Asad Hassan Roll no-1615300012

    Sub-Engineering Hydrology and Ground water Treatment

    Q-1 Explain factors affecting runoff hydrograph.


    Ans- Factors Affecting Runoff
    • Precipitation characteristics
    • Shape and size of the catchment
    Topography
    • Geological characteristics
    • Meteorological characteristics
    • Character of the catchment surface
    Storage characteristics

    Q2- Distinguish between infiltration capacity and infiltration rate


    Ans- Infiltration is the process of water entry into the surface of a soil. It involves surface water entry,
    transmission through the soil, and depletion of the soil water storage capacity. Surface water entry is
    influenced by surface vegetation cover, soil texture, soil porosity, soil structure (e.g., cracks, surface crusting),
    and compaction. Land management can influence all of these parameters and therefore influence
    infiltration.

    The infiltration rate is the volume of water passing into the soil per unit area per unit time and
    therefore has dimensions of velocity (e.g., m s−1; mm h−1). The infiltration rate is often measured
    using an infiltrometer and is one of the most easily and frequently measured soil water processes.
    Despite the units of velocity, the values of infiltration rate are actually volume fluxes expressed as
    volume flux density and therefore do not indicate the effective velocity of vertical water movement
    in the soil.
    Q-3)- Describe well loss

    Ans- Well Loss:

    1. When water is pumped out of a well, the total drawdown caused includes not only
    that of the logarithmic drawdown curve at the well face, but also drawdown caused by flow
    through well screen and axial movement within the well.
    2. The latter drawdown is called well loss. Since turbulent flow generally occur near the
    well face,

    this loss may be taken to be proportional to

    a) Interference among wells

    b)Well Shrouding

    c)Well Development

    Q-4) What is the difference between confined and unconfined aquifer for the determination of
    discharge with steady flow condition?

    Ans- A confined aquifer is an aquifer below the land surface that is saturated with water. Layers of
    impermeable material are both above and below the aquifer, causing it to be under pressure so that
    when the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer.
    A water-table--or unconfined--aquifer is an aquifer whose upper water surface (water table) is at
    atmospheric pressure, and thus is able to rise and fall. Water-table aquifers are usually closer to the Earth's
    surface than confined aquifers are, and as such are impacted by drought conditions sooner than confined
    aquifers.

    Q-5)Write short note on

    1)- Aquifer and aquiclude


    2)- Radius of influence and cone of depression.

    Ans- All earth materials from soil to rocks have pore spaces. Although these pores are
    completely saturated with water below the water table from the groundwater utilization aspect only such
    material through which water moves easily and hence can be extracted with these are significant. On this
    basis the saturated formations are classified into four categories.

    1.Aquifers: - An aquifer is a saturated formation of earth material, which not only stores water but yield it in
    sufficient quantity. Thus on aquifer transmits water relatively easily due to its high permeability.
    Unconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel form good aquifers.
    Aquiclude: - It is a geological formation, which is porous but not permeable. Such rocks may bear water
    but do not yield the same as they are impermeable. Argillaceous rocks like shale and clay

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