ENI Tubular Goods-Slides

TUBULAR GOODS
Well Area Operations Drilling Rigs RPW2021A 1

Agip KCO Drilling Supervisor Training Course
DRILL PIPES
Mechanical properties
Well Area Operations RPW2021A 2

Drilling Rigs
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
• Test parameters of static traction
The parameters that identify the mechanical properties of

resistance, deformability, elasticity of material subject to
static traction are interpreted observing the deformation
diagram. This diagram, in case of steels has the form of the
“Load-elongation diagram phases” characterized by the
neat separation of the different phases .

Drilling Rigs
HOOKE’S DIAGRAM

Drilling Rigs
RESISTANCE OF STEELS
Tubular goods are classified according to the Minimum Yield Strength.
Minimum Yield Strength Minimum Yield Strength

TYPES OF STEEL
psi kg/mm2
Common steel X_42 42000 29,52
Mud pipes X-52 52000 36,55

Drilling Rigs
TYPES OF STEEL Minimum Yield Strength Minimum Yield Strength

(casing) psi kg/mm2
H-40 40000 28,12
J-55 55000 38,66
C-75 75000 52,72
L-80 80000 56,24
N-80 80000 56,24
C-95 95000 66,78
P-110 110000 77,33
V-150 150000 105,45

Drilling Rigs
Minimum Yield Strength Minimum Yield Strength

TYPES OF STEEL
(tubing)
psi kg/mm2
H-40 40000 28,12
J-55 55000 38,66
C-75 75000 52,72
L-80 80000 56,24
N-80 80000 56,24
P-105 105000 73,81

Drilling Rigs
TIPES OF STEEL (drill Minimum Yield Strength Minimum Yield Strength

pipe)
psi kg/mm2
D-55 55000 38,66
E-75 75000 52,72
X-95 95000 66,78
G-105 105000 73,81
S-135 135000 94,90

Drilling Rigs
TYPES OF STEEL Minimum Yield Minimum Yield

Strength Strength
psi kg/mm2
120000 (1) 120000 84,00
110000 (2) 110000 77,34
100000 (3) 100000 70,31
55000 (4) 55000 38,66
(1) – used for tool joints of drill pipes

(2) – used for DC with diameter between 3 1/8” and 6 7/8”
(3) – used for DC with diameter exceeding 6 7/8”
(4) – used for HWDP

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
The drill pipes, are composed by :

Drill pipe body
Tool joint
• Drill pipe body • Tool joint

– Hollow cylindrical pipe with upset at – Box or pin end of the drill pipe:
the end. – Build using 120000 steel type
– Built using different tipes of steel (E,
X, G e S).

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
• Steels used for drill pipes are alloys of:

– Iron-carbon
– Manganese
– Silicon
– Molibden
– Nickel, etc…in different percentages.
In these alloys impurities must not exceed the following values:
0,060 % of sulphur
0,040 % of phosphorus (API Norms)

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
• They are manufactured from billets of different types of steel

and different length
• The drill pipe body is produced by hot rolling with

MANNESMAN process

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Piercing of pipes with “MANNESMAN” process
With this process a full round bar is dragged by two double cone-shape rolls which have
skewed axis and rotate in the same direction. It is pierced by a mandrel in correspondence
to the central axis; the result is the pierced pipe.
The manufacturing of the drill pipe body is completed with further hot drawing processes,
obtaining the right internal and external dimensions and the surface finishing.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Piercing of pipes with “MANNESMAN” process

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
• The manufacturing process is completed by:

– Definition of the drill pipe body length
– Upsets
• Internal
• External
– Blunting
– Heat treatments
– Inspections and hydraulic tests
– Protective Coating

Drilling Rigs
NOMENCLATURE OF DRILL PIPES

Drilling Rigs
LENGTHS RANGES
• The drill pipe bodies are manufactured with different length

• These measures refer to the drill pipe body only, upsets included
• Api Norms provide for three length ranges:
Range 1 5,50 m (18 ft) 6,70 m (22 ft)
Range 2 8,23 m (27 ft) 9,15 m (30 ft)
Range 3 11,58 m (38 ft) 13,70 m (45 ft)

Drilling Rigs
UPSET
• An upset is done at the two ends of the drill pipe body in order to have higher thickness
in the end part and therefore a gradual change in section from drill pipe body to tool joint
• There are three kinds of upsets:

Drilling Rigs
UPSET
• IU = Internal Upset

Drilling Rigs
UPSET
• EU = External Upset

Drilling Rigs
UPSET
• IEU = Internal-External Upset

Drilling Rigs
TYPES OF DRILL PIPES UPSETS

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
• They are manufactured from a steel ingot with square section of 20*20 cm
having length variable in the range 2 – 8 m.

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
• The ingot is then heated through 4-5 induction rings at about 1200° C and then cut in
certain variable lengths depending on whether the tool joint is pin or box.

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
• By means of a power hammer it is then given octagonal shape

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
• From the hammer, it passes under an hydraulic press of about 800 t, that by means of
two punches deliveries the half-finished product.
• The combined action of first punch and mould gives the tool joint its external shape. In
the meantime it models a cylindrical hole with diameter of 2” and depth of 2”.
• The second punch having diameter of 2” but much longer, enters the hole created by
the first making it deeper and leaving a bottom of 15 mm.

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
• The tool joint arriving from the press undergoes a thermal treatment at about 600° C to
gradually relax the stresses occurred during manufacturing.
• This treatment is followed by the sandblasting. Its aim is to remove the waist and
prepare the item to the following processing at the machine tool.
–Centring on the bottom –Thermal treatment

–Faceting on the base –Oil quenching at 800° C
–Turning for 6-8 cm (shoulder) –Tempering in furnace at 600-650°C
–Internal hole at diameter –Hardness test
–API thread –Magnaflux Control
–Dimensional control –Copperplating of thread (anticorrosion
and anti seizure)

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
• Finished Tool Joint

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
The coupling of drill pipe body and tool joint can be done by:
FLASH WELDING FRICTION WELDING

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
FLASH WELDING
• In this method the two ends, once taken to a distance from each other of about 1/32”,
are heated to a temperature of 1100°-1200° C by means of an electric heating element.
Reached this temperature, the tool joint is pressed against the drill pipe body with a
sliding of 33 mm obtaining the junction of the two parts. The burr created by the
coupling is then removed.

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
FRICTION WELDING
• This technique consists in blocking the drill pipe body while the tool joint, centred on a
mandrel, rotates at 500 rounds/min.
• During the rotation the tool joint is pressed on the drill pipe body with a sliding of about
20 mm.
• The two pressed parts develop heat: once the required temperature is reached, the
rotation is stopped and a further sliding of 20 mm is done.
• The welding point is bored internally and turned externally, then it undergoes a
tempering heat treatment at about 600° C 10 minutes long.

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
FRICTION WELDING

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
• Both on pin and box tool joints there are

reference signs indicating the maximum
amount of material to remove from the
shoulder in case of polishing of the
base.
• The reference sign is a circle with
diameter of 3/16” and a tangent dash,
parallel to the tool joint shoulder. In the
new tool joint, the distance between
dash and shoulder must be 1/8”
• It is good practice not to remove from
the shoulder (both pin and box) more
than 1/32” of material each time you
polish.

Drilling Rigs
TOOL JOINT
In any case do not remove from the tool joint shoulders to be connected, both pin and box,
more than cumulative 1/16” of material !

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
• Further test and controls on drill pipes:
– Tensile test (90% of yielding)

– Magnaflux control
– Ultrasounds control
– Dimensional control
– Codification

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Identification of the steel degree of drill pipes

Saipem S.p.A. Codification (different from API norms)
• The identification of the steel grade used by Saipem S.p.A. is done by means of grooves
on the pin tool joint

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Drill Pipe OD 2 3/8” 6,65 lb/ft steel grade D55
No grooves
(in depletion)

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Drill Pipe OD 2 3/8” 6,65 lb/ft steel grade E75

No grooves

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES

Drill Pipe OD 5” 19,50 lb/ft steel grade E75
No grooves

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Drill Pipe OD 3 1/2” 15,50 lb/ft steel grade G105

Drill Pipe OD 5” 19,50 lb/ft steel grade G105
Two grooves on drill pipe body side

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Drill Pipe OD 3 1/2” 13,30 lb/ft steel grade S135

Drill Pipe OD 3 1/2” 15,50 lb/ft steel grade S135
Drill Pipe OD 5” 19,50 lb/ft steel grade S135
One groove in the middle

Drilling Rigs
Drill pipes
Drill Pipe OD 5” 25,60 lb/ft steel grade S135
One groove on drill pipe body side

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Classification of used drill pipes

Drilling Rigs
CLASSIFICATION OF WORN DRILL PIPES
API norms provide for four different • Class 1 (new)

classes, according to the different • Premium Class
wear degree.
• Class 2
• Class 3
The belonging of a drill pipe to a certain class depends on the wear extent or
the presence of localized damages that reduce their mechanical resistance
characteristics.

Drilling Rigs
• For each class, limits of thickness • The belonging to the different

reduction are provided for. It can be classes is represented by coloured
caused by normal wear, corrosion, bands near the pin tool joint and
indentations, fatigue cracks, etc. engraving on the bell at 35° on the
tool joint itself.

Drilling Rigs
CLASS 1 NEW
No wear and nominal dimensions
1 white band
No burin

Drilling Rigs
PREMIUM CLASS
wear of body not exceeding 20% of nominal thickness

2 white bands
1 burin

Drilling Rigs
CLASS 2
wear of body not exceeding 30% of nominal thickness

1 white band
2 burins

Drilling Rigs
CLASS 3
any defect or deformation exceeding class 2

1 orange band
3 burins

Drilling Rigs
SCRAP
drill pipes with cracks on their body are identified by 1 red band
they are to be considered as unusable
5 burins

Drilling Rigs
• Drill rigs use New and Premium class drill pipes for medium- high depth.
• Shallow depth drill rigs are equipped with class 2 drill pipes.
• Class 3 drill pipes are not usable.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL PIPES
Classification of tool joints

Drilling Rigs
CLASSIFICATION OF TOOL JOINTS
• As for the drill pipe body, API norms

provide for wear limits and classes also
for the tool joint.
• The wear control is carried out taking
into consideration the diameter and
thickness reduction of the box tool joint.
• In case of uniform wear, survey of the
box tool joint external diameter is done
at 1” from the base.
• In case of eccentric wear the thickness
on tool joint shoulder (possible bevel at
45° included) is surveyed

Drilling Rigs
• By eccentric wear, it is meant the wear

concentrated on one part only. The
external section remains circular, but its
centre is shifted with respect to the
centre of the internal circular section.

Drilling Rigs
The classification of tool joints considers the highest wear value

(external diameter or thickness)

Drilling Rigs

Drilling Rigs
REPARABLE IN MAINTENANCE SHOP

1 green band

Drilling Rigs
In case the drill pipe body has been classified differently than its tool joints, the drill pipe
classification shall consider the lowest class.

Drilling Rigs
It is then identified only with an orange band on the body

Drilling Rigs
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
• The most used methods to determine the class of a drill pipe are:
– VISUAL INSPECTION
– MAGNAFLUX
– PENETRANT LIQUIDS
– ULTRASOUNDS AND GAMMA RAYS

Drilling Rigs
VISUAL INSPECTION:
Visual control of the drill pipe body to find deformations, macroscopic cracks or
deep indentations in the wedge area, excessive wear of the tool joint, dents on
the bases, damaged threads or rappage of the box tool joint.
MAGNAFLUX (magnetic induction):
This kind of test enables to find external surface cracks and also subsurface
discontinuities at medium deepth.

Drilling Rigs
PENETRANT LIQUIDS:
They enable the identification of discontinuities having an outlet to the surface. Unlike the
MAGNAFLUX method, with penetrant liquids it is possible to survey discontinuities (cracks)
also at high depth only with an outlet on the surface.
ULTRASOUND AND GAMMA RAY:

These nondestructive test methods are very effective. They are able to survey not only the
presence of discontinuities inside the drill pipe, but also its position and extent. They also
enable to verify the thickness and transversal section of the drill pipe.

Drilling Rigs
IT IS ADVISABLE TO CARRY OUT THE

CONTROLS ON THE TOOL JOINT FIRST, AND
THEN ON THE DRILL PIPE BODY. THE TOOL
JOINT, IN FACT, IS THE PART MOST SUBJECT
TO WEAR.

Drilling Rigs
Final Considerations
After the control on the drill pipe body and the tool joint, the drill pipe is classified
considering the highest wear value. Whether this value is recorded on the tool joint or the
drill pipe body is not taken into consideration.
The recognition signs can be different, it depends on who carries out the controls on tubular
goods of drill rigs.

Drilling Rigs
Service companies (Tuboscope, Vetco; ecc.) conform to API Norms using coloured bands on the
drill pipe body, pin tool joint side, and burins on the bell at 35° of the tool joint itself.

Drilling Rigs
A = Premium class
When controls are carried out by Saipem
S.p.A., classification is done stamping one
of these letters on the bell at 35 ° of the pin B = class 2
tool joint:
S = waste

Drilling Rigs
Final Consideration
The wear of the tool joint implies a reduction of the makeup torque with respect the values
of the new joint.
The following chart provides the dimensions of tool joint of all the currently used drill pipes,
the minimum dimensions accepted for tool joints for the classes new, Premium and class 2,
and the relevant makeup torques.
Note: The following values of makeup torques refer to the use of a thread dope
containing 40% - 60% of zinc powder.

Drilling Rigs
DIMENSION AND MECHANICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OFF DRILL PIPES
DRILL PIPE DATA TOOL JOINT DATA
NOMINAL NOMINAL
PIPE API TENSILE YELD (*) TORSIONAL YELD (*) COLLAPSE YELD PRES (*) INTERNAL YELD PRES. (*) CONNECTION OUTSIDE DIAMETER (OD) INSIDE DIAMETER (ID) MAKE-UP TORQUE
SIZE WT CLASSIFICATION
GRADE 2 2
in lb/ft Lb Ton Ft - lb Kgm Psi kg/cm Psi kg/cm TYPE In Mm In Mm Ft - lb Kgm
NEW 395.595 179 41.167 5.692 9.962 700 9.503 668 6 1/2 165,1 22.386 3.095
1
E-75 PREMIUM 311.535 141 32.285 4.464 7.041 495 8.688 611 NC-50 5 59/64 150,4 3 /2 88,9 15.964 2.207
CLASS 2 270.432 123 27.976 3.868 5.514 388 7.602 534 5 23/32 145,3 14.030 1.940
NEW 553.833 251 57.633 7.968 12.999 914 13.304 935 6 1/2 165,1 25.724 3.557
1
19,50 G-105 PREMIUM 436150 198 45.199 6.249 8.765 616 12.163 855 NC-50 6 9/64 156 3 /2 88,9 22.349 3.090
CLASS 2 378.605 172 39.166 5.415 6.552 461 10.643 736 6 3/64 153,6 19.641 2.715
5 NEW 712.070 323 74.100 10.245 15.672 1.102 17.105 1.203 6 5/8 168,3 31.193 4.314
3
S-135 PREMIUM 560.764 254 58.133 8.034 10.029 705 15.638 1.099 NC-50 6 23/64 161,5 2 /4 69,9 28.735 3.973
CLASS 2 645.715 221 50.356 6.962 7.079 498 13.684 962 6 15/64 158,4 25.253 3.491
NEW 954.259 433 94.062 13.005 24.300 1.708 23.625 1.661 6 5/8 168,3 31.193 4.314
11 3
25,60 S-135 PREMIUM 746.443 339 72.979 10.090 20.510 1.442 21.600 1.519 NC-50 6 /32 161,5 2 /4 69,9 28.735 3.973
CLASS 2 645.715 293 62.905 8.697 16.587 1.166 18.900 1.329 15
6 /64 158,4 25.253 3.491
3
NEW 271.569 123 18.551 2.565 14.133 992 13.800 970 4 /4 120,7 9.054 1.252
17 11
E-75 PREMIUM 212.150 96 14.361 2.023 12.015 845 12.617 887 NC-38 4 /32 115,1 2 /16 68,3 7.212 997
CLASS 2 183.398 83 12.365 1.710 10.858 763 11.040 776 31
4 /64 113,9 6.344 877
13,30 3
NEW 488.825 222 33.392 4.617 25.404 1.786 24.840 1.746 4 /4 120,7 9.054 1.252
17 11
S-135 PREMIUM 381870 173 25.850 3.574 21.626 1.520 22.711 1.597 NC-38 4 /32 115,1 2 /16 68,3 7.212 997
CLASS 2 183.398 150 22.258 3.077 18.396 1.293 19.872 1.397 31
4 /64 113,9 6.344 877
3
322.775 146 21.086 2.915 16.774 1.179 16.838 1.184 4 /4 120,7 9.054 1.252
17 11
1 68,3
3/ 2
E-75 250.620
215.967
114
98
16.146
13.828
2.233
1.912
14.472
13.174
1.017
926
15.394
13.470
1.082
947
NC-38 4 /32
4 31/64
115,1
113,9
2 /16 7.212
6.344
997
877
3
NEW 451.685 205 29.520 4.081 23.484 1.651 23.573 1.657 4 /4 120,7 9.587 1.325
17 9
15,50 G-105 PREMIUM 350.868 159 22.605 3.125 20.260 1.424 21.552 1.515 NC-38 4 /32 115,1 2 /16 65,1 7.768 1.074
CLASS 2 302.354 137 19.359 2.677 18.443 1.297 18.858 1.326 31
4 /64 113,9 7.002 968
3
NEW 580.995 264 37.954 5.247 30.194 2.123 30.308 2.131 4 /4 120,7 9.587 1.325
9
S-135 PREMIUM 451.415 205 29.063 4.018 26.049 1.831 27.710 1.948 NC-38
17
4 /32 115,1 2 /16 65,1 7.768 1.074
CLASS 2 388.741 176 24.890 3.441 23.712 1.667 24.246 1.705 31
4 /64 113,9 7.002 968
1
NEW 214.334 97 11.554 1.597 16.509 1.161 16.526 1.162 4 /8 104,8 5.935 821
E-75 PREMIUM 166.535 76 8.858 1.225 14.223 1.000 15.110 1.062 NC-31
27
3 /32 97,6 2 1/8 54 4.495 621
51
CLASS 2 143.557 65 7.591 1.049 12.938 910 13.221 930 3 /64 96,4 3.956 547
7
2/ 8 10,4
NEW 300.082 136 16.176 2.236 23.112 1.625 23.137 1.627 4 /8
1
104,8 5.935 821
27 1
G-105 PREMIUM 233.149 106 12.401 1.715 19.919 1.400 21.153 1.487 NC-31 3 /32 97,6 2 /8 54 4.495 621
CLASS 2 200.980 91 10.627 1.469 18.113 1.273 18.509 1.301 51
3 /64 96,4 3.956 547
NEW 138.214 63 6.250 864 15.599 1.097 15.474 1.088 3 7/8 85,7 3.239 864
3
2/ 8 6,65 E-75 PREMIUM
CLASS 2
107.616
92.871
49
42
4.811
4.130
665
571
13.378
12.138
941
853
14.147
12.379
995
870
NC-26 7
3 /32
3 3/16
81,8
81
3
1 /4 44,5 2.431
2.139
665
571

Drilling Rigs
MAKE-UP TORQUE RIG TONGS LINE PULL
Q
DRILL PIPE BODY TOOL JOINT NEW PREMIUM CLASS 2
NOMINAL NOMINAL PIPE CONNEC. UNIT OF INSIDE OUTSIDE MAKE UP RIG TONGS OUTSIDE MAKE UP RIG TONGS OUTSIDE MAKE UP CHIAVI DI MANOVRA
SIZE WT GRADE TYPE MEAS. DIAM. DIAM. TORQUE DIAM. TORQUE DIAM. TORQUE
in lb/ft kgm TYPE PULL kg TYPE PULL kg TYPE PULL kg kgm TYPE PULL kg TYPE PULL kg TYPE PULL kg kgm TYPE PULL kg TYPE PULL kg TYPE PULL kg
in 3/ 6/ 5 / 5 /
E-75 NC-50 3095 B 2320 DB 2260 C 2630 2207 B 1650 DB 1610 C 1880 1940 B 1450 DB 1420 C 1650
mm 88,9 165,1 150,4 145,3
in 3/ 6/ 5 / 6 /
19,50 G-105 NC-50 3557 B 2660 DB 2590 C 3030 3090 B 2310 DB 2250 C 2630 2715 B 2030 DB 1980 C 2310
mm 88,9 165,1 156 153,6
5 in 2/ 6/ 6 /
S-135 NC-50 4314 B 3230 DB 3150 C 3670 3973 B 2970 DB 2900 C 3380 3491 B 2610 DB 2550 C 2970
mm 69,9 168,3 161,5 158,4
in 2/ 6/ 6 / 6 /
25,60 S-135 NC-50 4314 B 3230 DB 3150 C 3670 3931 B 2940 DB 2870 C 3350 3491 B 2610 DB 2550 C 2970
mm 69,9 168,3 161,1 158,4
in 2 / 4/ 4 / 4 /
E-75 NC-38 1252 B 940 DB 910 C 1070 997 B 750 DB 730 C 850 877 B 660 DB 640 C 750
mm 68,3 120,7 115,1 113,9
13,30
in 2 / 4/ 4 / 4 /
mm 68,3 120,7 115,1 113,9
in 2 / 4/ 4 / 4 /
C B DB C DB C
3/ 1
2
E-75 NC-38
mm 68,3 120,7
1252 B 940 DB 910 1070
115,1
997 750 730 850
113,9
877 B 660 640 750
in 2 / 4/ 4 / 4 /
15,50 G-105 NC-38 1325 B 990 DB 970 C 1130 1074 B 800 DB 780 C 910 968 B 720 DB 710 C 820
(*) mm 65,1 120,7 115,1 113,9
in 2 / 4/ 4 / 4 /
mm 65,1 120,7 115,1 113,9
in 2 / 4/ 3 / 3 /
E-75 NC-31 821 C 700 621 C 530 547 C 470
mm 54 104,8 97,6 96,4
2/ 7
8 10,4
in 2 / 4/ 3 / 3 /
G-105 NC-31 821 C 700 621 C 530 547 C 470
mm 54 104,8 97,6 96,4
in 1 / 3/ 3 / 3 /
3
2/ 8 6,65 E-75 NC-26
mm 44,5 85,7
821 C 380
81,8
621 C 290
81
296 C 250
(*) SAME VALUES FOR DRILL PIPES “X-95” 3 ½ - 15.5 0 lb7ft H S SERVICE

Drilling Rigs
ELLIPSE OF COMBINED STRESSES

Drilling Rigs
0,56

Drilling Rigs
EXAMPLE: tension load – collapse resistence combined stress during BOP test.
DATA: DP 5” S-135 19,50# NEW MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PULL = 323 ton
Collapse pressure = 1.103 kgf/cm2
Cup tester 9 5/8” 43,5 – 53,5# Surface of cup tester = 273,56 cm2
Test pressure = 700 kgf/cm2
ACTUAL PULL TO WHICH THE PIPE IS SUBJECTED:
700 * 273,56 = 191.492 kg = 191,5 ton
ACTUAL PULL – TENSILE YIELD STRESS RATIO:
191,5/323 = 0,59
The previously shown graphic shows a reduction of the value of collapse resistance of 0,56
(56%). Multiplied by the value of collapse pressure it provides the maximum allowable test
pressure
0,56 * 1.103 = 618 kgf/cm2
THE CALCULATION SHOWS THAT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO CARRY OUT THE TEST
AT 700 kgf/cm2 USING THE CUP TESTER

Drilling Rigs
Heavy Weight Drill Pipe

Drilling Rigs
HEAVY WEIGHT DRILL PIPES
The Heavy Weights are semi heavy drill pipes: something between DP
and DC.
They have similar configuration to normal drill pipes. However, the tool
joints are much longer and have an upset in the centre, working as
stabilizer.
Both the tool joints and the centre upset are protected from wear by
hardfacing bands.

Drilling Rigs
In the drill string, they are normally put between the drill pipes and the
drill collars to connect the flexibility of the drill pipes and the stiffness of
the drill collars, reducing the fatigue stress acting on the last drill pipes,
just above the DC.
HWDP are design to work also in compression: their positioning above
the DC enables the compensation of the shifting of the neutral point
during normal drilling.
Their function is providing weight to the bit, when the well conditions
require fewer drill collars.
In deviated wells characterized by high dip, they can be used instead of
DC.
They must work in tension when used in vertical wells with high
diameter. Field experiences have shown that excessive bend, in high
diameter wells, damages the HWDP:

Drilling Rigs
Nominal diameter of
HWDP body
A = External diameter of • To work HWDP in compression, the

the Tool joint hole diameter must not be higher than
4” with respect to the external diameter
B=A+4 of the del tool joint.

Drilling Rigs
Maximal hole diameter enabling HWDP to work in compression
• HWDP ∅ 5” • HWDP ∅ 3” ½
6” ½ + 4” = 10” ½ 4” ¾ + 4” = 8” 3/8
Maximal hole diameter Maximal hole diameter

Drilling Rigs
WEAR:
HWDP, unlike normal drill pipes are not classified according to their wear
degree. Instead, maximum limits of wear are provided for both for tool joint
and central upset.

Drilling Rigs
Wear of tool joint:
If wear is uniform on the whole circumference, a reduction up to a 3/8” (9,52 mm)

with respect to the original external diameter is allowed.
If wear is eccentric, a reduction of 3/16” (4,7 mm) in any point of the circumference.

Drilling Rigs
Centre Upset:
In any point of the circumference, the different between drill pipe body and upset
must not go beneath 1/8” (3,175 mm).
In a new drill pipe the difference is 1/4” (6,35 mm)

Drilling Rigs
DIMENSIONAL DATA

Drilling Rigs
CHART OF DIMENSIONAL DATA
NOMINAL INTERNAL NOMINAL WEIGHT EXTERNAL INTERNAL CENTRAL CAPACITY METAL TOTAL
DIAMETER DIAMETER WEIGHT WITH TOOL DIAMETER DIAMETER UPSET DISPLACEMENT DISPLACEMENT
JOINT WITH TOOL WITH TOOL EXTERNAL
JOINT JOINT DIAMETER
Inch Inch inch inch inch

lb/ft kg/m l/m l/m l/m
mm mm mm mm mm
3 1/2” 2 1/16” 4 3/4” 2 3/16” 4”

26 37,7 2,19 4,81 7,00
88,9 52,4 120,6 55,6 101,6
5” 3” 6 1/2” 3 1/8” 5 1/2”

50 74,4 4,56 9,48 14,04
127 76,2 165,1 79,4 139,7

Drilling Rigs
CHART OF MECHANICAL FEATURES
PIPE BODY TOOL JOINT

PIPE BODY
MECHANICAL MECHANICAL
O.D.
*
FEATURES Φ Φ FEATURES WEIGHT
Traction Torsion
JOINT external internal Traction Torsion kg/m
ton kgm inch inch ton kgm
3 1/2” 156 2707 NC38 (3 1/2 IF) 4 3/4 2 3/16 339 1368 37,7
5” 313 7813 NC50 (4 1/2 IF) 6 1/2 3 1/8 589 4050 74,4
(*) = AVERAGE UNIT WEIGHT TOOL JOINTS AND CENTRAL UPSET INCLUDED.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
The drill collars (heavy drill pipes) are manufactured from a solid
bar, externally turned, internally bored and thread at its ends.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
EXTERNAL CONFIGURATION:

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
• They are produced in a wide range of dimensions.

– Minimum external diameter: 2 7/8”
– Maximum external diameter: 14”
– Minimum internal diameter: 1”
– Maximum internal diameter: 3 1/4”

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Drill collar with slip and elevator recesses are normal DC

recently introduced to eliminate the use of the safety clamp
and the lifting sub during trips, and consequently save time
For the lifting a special equipment consisting of a elevator

closing on the upper recess of the DC, two links and an
adapter to hook at the drill pipes elevator. This equipment is
called Quick Lift.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
The new DC are purchased with longer

upper part, (ie. box cut) precisely 28”
instead of 20”, in order to increase the
possibilities of new threads.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
DC EXTERNAL RECESS FOR LIFT RECESS FOR WEDGE

DIAMETER (inch): “A”(*) “B”(*)
mm in mm in
FROM 4” TO 4 5/8” 5,6 7/32” 4,8 3/16”
FROM 4 3/4” TO 5 6,4 1/4” 4,8 3/16”
5/8”
FROM 5 3/4” TO 6 7,9 5/16” 6,4 1/4”
5/8”
FROM 6 3/4” TO 8 9,5 3/8” 6,4 1/4”
5/8”
FROM 8 3/4” TO 14” 11,0 7/16” 6,4 1/4”
(*) “A” and “B” values taken on the basis of nominal external diameter of
the drill collar.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Spiral Drill collar (no-wall stick):

They are special drill collars with three helicoidal grooves on the body. The aim of
the grooves is to reduce the chance of sticking reducing the surface of the drill
collars in contact with the hole walls.
The actual trend is using DC with helicoidal grooves more and more. Beside
using new material with these characteristics, grooves are often done on
cylindrical material already used.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Spiral Drill Collars

Depth of
Collar Diameter Pitch
Cut
Up to 3 7/8 5/32 36
4 - 4 3/8 3/16 36
4 1/2 - 5 1/8 7/32 38
5 1/4 - 5 3/4 1/4 42
5 7/8 - 6 3/8 9/32 42
6 1/2 - 7 5/16 46
7 1/8 - 7 3/8 7/32 64
7 1/2 - 7 5/8 1/4 64
7 3/4 - 7 7/8 9/32 64
Linear weight of DC with helicoidal grooves 8 - 8 7/8 5/16 68
is considered to be about 4% lower than the 9 - 9 7/8 11/32 72
linear weight of cylindrical DC having the 10 - 10 7/8 11/32 76
same diameter. 11 - 12 11/32 80

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Spiral drill collars are the perfect solution to deep hole, directional, or deviated
drilling. Designed to minimize sticking by reducing contact area, drill collars
allow ample room for tongs and re-threading, if necessary.
Features
• Manufactured from the highest quality AISI series 4145H Modified alloy steel,
fully heat-treated to a Brinell hardness range of 285-341, and mimimum average
Charpy impact value of 40 ft.-lbs. or other customer specification.
• Physical properties guaranteed to one inch below surface at ambient
temperature
• Drilled bars are drifted to API specifications and machining is gauged to all
applicable API standards
• Box and pin threads are cold-rolled and pre-stressed to withstand down hole
bending longer, with less fatigue
• Connections are phos-coated to reduce galling during initial joint makeup
• Hardbanding is available upon request for abrasive drilling applications

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Joints
Weakest points of DC are joints. The
fatigue to which the drill collar is
subject during drilling, makes them
most subject to cracks.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Crack
Formation
Zone

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
To improve the joint resistance, different connection configuration and particular

measures during manufacturing have been introduced
- Api Stress Relief Groove

- Drilco Bore Back
- Threads cold rolling
- Anti-gall protection (phosphatizing)

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Stress Relief Groove:

It consists of grooves at the base of the male and at the end of the female thread.
Their function is making the joint more flexible and therefore reduce the
concentration of stress and the possibility of cracks.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Drilco Bore Back:

It is a different internal configuration of the female joint.
It consists of a more gradual passage from the female
thread end to the DC internal diameter section.
As a consequence, stress and fatigue are reduced in
the end part of the female thread, being distributed on a
larger surface.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
The female thread end is

covered by the male, reducing Smooth surfaces allowing
the chance of corrosion due to higher bending loads
drill muds. without fatigue damage.
Gradual diameter
reduction

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Cold Rolled Thread Roots
DC joint life can be improved pre compressing the thread chase

with cold rolling. It consists in pre-compression of steel fibres by
means of a roll hydraulically loaded at about 2700 kg (6000
lbs). It is made rolling along the thread chase. The fibres
undergoing this treatment remain in compression. The
consequence is higher resistance against fatigue cracks
formation.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Gall resistant coating:
The gall resistant coating isa treatment normally made of zinc and manganese
phosphate, obtained dipping the joint in a high temperature solution
(PHOSPHATIZING): with this treatment the thread and the shoulders gain
opaque aspects and rough surface.
Roughness is an anti-wear and anti-seizure elements. It is in fact capable to hold
the thread compound during screwing and torqueing avoiding the direct metal -
metal contact.
Nowadays all drill collars undergo cold rolling and phosphatizing both at the
manufacturer’s and in work shop doing further threading.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Controls:
Visual controls of the conditions of threads, shoulders and swelled females
connections (if any) must be constantly carried out by the drilling crew.
Magnaflux controls on threads are also periodically carried out.
Little damages to the shoulders and threads can be repaired in the work site.
Major damages imply the new thread of the joint and therefore a shortening of the
DC.
In drill collars with recesses also the conditions of contact surface between lifting
elevator and DC and the wear state of recesses must be kept under control.
The recess wear is considerably limited with the insertion of tungsten carbide
bands by means of welding. (HARDFACING)

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Use precautions:
The precautions to be adopted in the use of drill collars aim mainly at

avoiding damages to shoulders and threads and can be summed up as
follows:
1. Protect joints with special thread protectors during handling, assembly and
lay down.
2. Screwing and unscrewing of DC must be done with chain tongs. Using the
rotary table damages the thread.
3. Carefully lubricate the joints with a thread compound containing 40 – 60% of
metal zinc powder.
4. Use the right makeup torque.
5. Control threads and shoulders of the unscrewed joints during POOH. It is
advisable to unscrew different joints at each operation, in order to keep
under control all the joints of the drill collar string.

Drilling Rigs
DRILL COLLAR
Running in:
when a new or re-threaded drill collar is run for the first time in the well, you
must proceed as follows (RUNNING IN):
a. Remove the protective grease (wash and dry)
b. Put on new thread compound (40 – 60% of zinc powder) on threads and
shoulder
c. Screw the joint to the base with a chain tong
d. Unscrew with a chain tong
e. Remove the grease (wash and dry)
f. Put on new thread compound
g. Screw with chain tong again
h. Tighten up the joints with the right makeup torque.

Drilling Rigs
END OF TUBULAR GOODS

Drilling Rigs

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What are drill pipes and their mechanical properties?

What are drill pipes and their mechanical properties?

What factors determine the resistance/strength of steels used for tubular goods?

What factors determine the resistance/strength of steels used for tubular goods?

TUBULAR GOODS

Well Area Operations Drilling Rigs RPW2021A 1

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 2

• Test parameters of static traction

The parameters that identify the mechanical properties of

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 3

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 4

Tubular goods are classified according to the Minimum Yield Strength.

Minimum Yield Strength Minimum Yield Strength

Common steel X_42 42000 29,52

Mud pipes X-52 52000 36,55

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 5

TYPES OF STEEL Minimum Yield Strength Minimum Yield Strength

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 6

Minimum Yield Strength Minimum Yield Strength

H-40 40000 28,12

J-55 55000 38,66

C-75 75000 52,72

L-80 80000 56,24

N-80 80000 56,24

P-105 105000 73,81

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 7

TIPES OF STEEL (drill Minimum Yield Strength Minimum Yield Strength

D-55 55000 38,66

E-75 75000 52,72

X-95 95000 66,78

G-105 105000 73,81

S-135 135000 94,90

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 8

TYPES OF STEEL Minimum Yield Minimum Yield

(1) – used for tool joints of drill pipes

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 9

The drill pipes, are composed by :

• Drill pipe body • Tool joint

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 10

• Steels used for drill pipes are alloys of:

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 11

• They are manufactured from billets of different types of steel

• The drill pipe body is produced by hot rolling with

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 12

Piercing of pipes with “MANNESMAN” process

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 13

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 14

• The manufacturing process is completed by:

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 15

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 16

• The drill pipe bodies are manufactured with different length

Range 1 5,50 m (18 ft) 6,70 m (22 ft)

Range 2 8,23 m (27 ft) 9,15 m (30 ft)

Range 3 11,58 m (38 ft) 13,70 m (45 ft)

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 17

• There are three kinds of upsets:

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 18

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 19

Well Area Operations RPW2021A 20