API Rec Comm Mend Ded P Pract Tice 1 14FZ Z
API Rec Comm Mend Ded P Pract Tice 1 14FZ Z
API Rec Comm Mend Ded P Pract Tice 1 14FZ Z
comm
mend
ded P
Practtice 1
14FZ
Z
Recommended Practice for Desig gn, Installlation, annd Mainte
enance o
of
Electric
cal Systemms for Fixxed and Floating
F O
Offshore e Petroleu
um Facilitties for
Unclass sified and
d Class I,, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zon ne 2 Loca
ations
This document recommendss minimum requ uirements and ⎯ In the Zone claassification systeem, locations claassified as
guidelines for the design, insstallation, and maintenance
m off he Division classsification system can now be
Division 1 in th
electrical sysstems on fixed and
a floating petrroleum facilitiess classified and further divided into Zone 0 and Zone 1
located offshhore. For facilitie
es classified as Division 1 or Diivision locations. Elecctrical equipmentt suitable for Zon ne 1 locations is
2, reference API 14F. These facilities includ de drilling, produucing not required too be suitable for locations where e flammable
and pipeline transportation facilities
f associated with oil an nd gas gases and vap pors may be pressent continuously or for long
exploration and
a production. This recommen nded practice (R RP) is periods of timee, i.e. Zone 0 loccations. Thus, thee protection
not applicable to Mobile Offsshore Drilling Units (MODUs) without techniques forr equipment to b be installed in Zoone 1 locations
production fa acilities. This do
ocument is intennded to bring together can be less deemanding than th he protection tecchniques for
in one place a brief description of basic dessirable electrica al equipment to b be installed in Division 1 locationns. This may
practices for offshore electriical systems. Th he recommende ed result in more cost effective installations or eq quipment that is
practices con ntained herein recognize
r that special
s electrical more easily ma aintained.
consideration ns exist for offshhore petroleum facilities. These e
include: ⎯ Due to the appplication of increeased safety (pro otection Type “e”)
equipment, few wer field-installe
ed sealing fittingss are required for
a) inhere ent electrical sh
hock possibility presented
p by thhe Zone 1 and Zoone 2 equipmentt than for Divisio on 1 and Division n
marine environment and steel deckss; 2 equipment. FFewer field-insta alled sealing fittin
ngs reduce the
b) space e limitations that require that equipment be insstalled chance for insttallation errors, e
enhancing safety ty. Much of the
in or near
n hazardous (classified) locaations; equipment app proved for Zone 1 and Zone 2 usses plastics
c) corrossive marine envvironment; (versus metalss), reducing corro osion, which can n result in
d) motion and buoyancyy concerns asso ociated with floa
ating reducing main ntenance costs a and enhancing sa afety. Also, since
e
facilitiies. the most haza ardous locations (Zone 0 location ns) are identified,
This RP appliies to both permmanent and tem mporary electrica al such locationss can be avoided d for the installation of most
installations. The guidelines presented here ein should proviide a electrical equip
pment. This also o can enhance sa afety.
high level of electrical safetyy when used in conjunction
c with well- Appplicability of Natioonal Electrical Code
defined area classifications. This RP empha asizes safe pracctices
for hazardouss (classified) loccations on offsh
hore petroleum Elecctrical systems ffor offshore petro
oleum facilities sshall be designed
d
facilities but does not includ
de guidelines forr classification of
o andd installed in acccordance with thee National Electrrical Code, 20111
areas; for guidance on the classification
c of areas refer to API
A edittion, except wheere specific departures are noted d.
505.
Advantages of
o area classification using zones are as follow
ws.
For ordering information:
⎯ Often, particularly for neew installationss and for installa
ations
that are subject to upgrrade or revision, it is advantage eous Online: www.api.oorg/pubs
to classiify locations as “Zones” in acco ordance with Artticle
505 of the
t NEC versus “Divisions” as per p Article 500. These Phoone: 1-800-85 54-7179
advantages may include reduced initia al capital (Toll-free in the U.S. and C
Canada)
expendittures, enhanced d safety, or facilities that are more
m
easily an
nd more econom mically maintain ned. (+1) 303--397-7056
(Local and International)
www.api.org
Contents
Page
1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Applicability of National Electrical Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 Industry Codes, Guides, and Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.3 Government Codes, Rules, and Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 Classification Society Rules and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 Acronyms, Terms, and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1 Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2 Definitions, Abbreviated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3 Definitions Specific to Floating Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.2 High-temperature Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3 Protection Techniques Related To Equipment Suitable for use in Locations Classified as
Division 1 or Division 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.4 Protection Techniques Related to Equipment Approved for Zone 0, Zone 1, or Zone 2 Locations . . . . 34
4.5 General Purpose Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.6 Listing, Marking and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.7 Gas Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5 Electric Power Generating Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.2 Prime Movers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.3 Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.4 Generator Station Packaging Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.5 Switchboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.6 Special Requirements for Floating Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6 Electrical Distribution Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.2 Voltage Level Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.3 Conductor Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.4 Wiring Methods for Hazardous (classified) Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.5 Wiring Methods for Unclassified Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.6 Wiring Methods for Drilling and Workover Rigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.7 General Wiring Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.8 Conduit and Cable Seals and Sealing Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.9 Circuit Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.10 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.11 Electrical Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6.12 Working Space About Electrical Equipment and Means of Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
6.13 Additional Requirements for Floating Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7 Electric Motors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.2 Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
v
Contents
Page
vi
Contents
Page
Figures
1 Typical Class I, Zone 1 Electrical Installation Conduit System Utilizing Class I, Division I
Equipment and Wiring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
2 Typical Class I, Zone 1 Electrical Installation Cable System Utilizing Class I, Division 1
Equipment and Wiring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3 Typical Class I, Division Zone 2 Electrical Installation Conduit or Cable System Utilizing
Class I, Division 2 Equipment and Wiring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4 Typical Class I, Zone 1 or Zone 2 Electrical Installation Conduit System Utilizing
Class I, Zone 1 Equipment and Wiring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5 Typical Class I, Zone 1 or Zone 2 Electrical Installation Cable System Utilizing Class I, Zone 1
Equipment and Wiring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6 Typical Class I, Zone 2 Electrical Conduit or Cable Installation Utilizing Class I, Zone 2
Equipment and Wiring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
7 Typical Class I, Zone 1 or Zone 2 Electrical Installation Conduit or Cable Connections to
Flammable Fluid Process-Connected Nonarcing Devices with Single-Seal Diaphragms or Tubes . . . . 79
8 Typical Class I, Zone 1 or Zone 2 Electrical Installation Conduit and Cable Connections to
Flammable Fluid Process-Connected Nonarcing Devices with Multiple-Seal Diaphragms or Tubes. . . 80
9 Typical Class I, Zone 1 or Zone 2 Electrical Installation Conduit or Cable Connections to Flammable
Fluid Process-Connected Nonarcing Devices with Multiple-Seal Diaphragms or Tubes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
10 Typical Class I, Zone 1 or Zone 2 Electrical Installation Placement of Drain Seals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
11 Typical Speed Torque Curve for Variable Torque Load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
12 Typical Speed Torque Curve for Constant Torque Load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
13 Typical Speed Torque Curve for Constant Horsepower Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
14 Typical Speed Torque Characteristics for Impact-type Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
4/5C.1 Limiting Curves for Loading 4-stroke Diesel Engines Step by Step from No-load to Rated
Power as Function of the Brake Mean Effective Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Contents
Page
Tables
1 Types of Protection Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2 Ampacities for Marine Shipboard Distribution, Control, and Signal Cables, 2000 Volts or Less,
AC or DC, Copper Conductors, Single-banked (Single-layered), Maximum Current-carrying
Capacity Based on 45 °C (113 °F) Ambient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2A Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Nickel Coated Copper Conductors (27 % Nickel) Rated 0
Through 2000 Volts, 75 °C (140 °F), Not More Than Three Current-Carrying Conductors in
Raceway, Cable Maximum Current-carrying Capacity Based on 45 °C (113 °F) Ambient . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3 Ampacities for Marine Shipboard Single-conductor Distribution Cables, 2000 Volts or Less
DC Only, Copper Conductors, Single-banked (Single-layered), Maximum Current-carrying
Capacity Based on 45 °C (113 °F) Ambient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4 Ampacities for Three-conductor Medium Voltage Power Cable, 2001 Volts to 35 kV, Copper
Conductor Single-banked (Single-layered), Maximum Current-carrying Capacity Based
on 45 °C (113 °F) Ambient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5 Ampacities for Medium Voltage Power Cable, 2001 Volts to 35 kV, Copper Conductor,
Single-conductor in Triplexed or Triangular Configuration, Maximum Current-carrying Capacity
Based on 45 °C (113 °F) Ambient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6 Ampacities for Single-conductor Medium Voltage Power Cable, 2001 Volts to 35 kV, Copper
Conductor Single-banked (Single-layered), Maximum Current-carrying Capacity Based
on 45 °C (113 °F) Ambient, Shields Grounded on One End (Open-circuited Shields) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7 Wiring Methods for Hazardous (classified) Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
8 Common Power and Control Cables Sizes and Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
9 Common Instrumentation Cable Sizes and Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10 Circuit Protection Devices—Advantages and Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
11 NEMA Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
12 Degree of Protection of Enclosures in Accordance with IEC 60529 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
13a Selection of IEC 60529 IP Rated Enclosures to Meet NEMA Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
13b Selection of NEMA Enclosures to Meet IP Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
14 Working Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
15 NEMA Motor Starter Sizing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
16 Minimum Recommended levels of Illumination for Efficient Visual Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
16A Minimum Recommended Levels of Illumination for Hazard Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
17 Minimum Recommended Levels of Illumination for Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
18 Comparison of Batteries by Cell Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
19 Possible combination of Tones for Fixed Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
20 One Possible Combination of Tones for Floating Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
A.1 Inspection Intervals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149