Teaching Multilingual Students
Teaching Multilingual Students
Teaching Multilingual Students
Students who speak English as an additional language might present unfamiliar challenges to their
instructors, but certainly none that can’t be overcome with knowledge and thoughtfulness. This page
will introduce a few important considerations and a few strategies for working effectively with
multilingual students, along with resources for further information.
The students
The multilingual population can be very broadly divided into two groups: international visa students
and US residents (immigrant or non-immigrant students who have completed at least a portion of
their education in this country). The two groups may have very different characteristics.
International students
Time in US:
Undergraduates usually arrive just before classes begin and may or may not have traveled
abroad before.
Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows may or may not have completed prior degrees in
the US.
Cultural comfort:
May have studied American culture, though they may not be comfortable or adept in all
situations because social codes for acceptable behavior, interaction, conversational
topics, etc. vary so widely between cultures.
Likely to experience various stages of culture shock (initial enthusiasm, confusion and
withdrawal, coming to terms with difference, adapting and feeling at home).
May or may not have strong social support network.
May have limited comprehension of information with cultural references (e.g., “Mom and
apple pie” is loaded with associations and values that will be lost on a student who isn’t
familiar with this cliché.).
Language learning:
Often called “eye learners” because their knowledge of English has come primarily through
textbook study.
May never have been fully immersed in an English-speaking environment.
May be overwhelmed by the cognitive, psychological, and emotional demands of immersion.
Grammar knowledge:
Listening/speaking:
May have had limited exposure to rapid speech, southern accents, and contemporary slang.
Listening comprehension may be limited at first.
Newcomers in particular may take a bit of time to find the right English words and structures
to express their thoughts.
Writing/read