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    Cheat Sheet Gnuawk v3 PDF

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    Albergica Aldo
    This document provides a cheat sheet for commonly used features of GNU awk (gawk). It summarizes how to run gawk scripts from the command line, defines patterns and actions, describes how to reference and split fields, covers flow control and looping structures, and lists many useful string and numeric functions. Regular expressions, operators, and defining custom functions are also briefly outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cheat Sheet Gnuawk v3 PDF

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    Albergica Aldo
    169 views2 pages
    This document provides a cheat sheet for commonly used features of GNU awk (gawk). It summarizes how to run gawk scripts from the command line, defines patterns and actions, describes how to reference and split fields, covers flow control and looping structures, and lists many useful string and numeric functions. Regular expressions, operators, and defining custom functions are also briefly outlined.

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    cheat_sheet_gnuawk_v3.pdf

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    This document provides a cheat sheet for commonly used features of GNU awk (gawk). It summarizes how to run gawk scripts from the command line, defines patterns and actions, describes how to reference and split fields, covers flow control and looping structures, and lists many useful string and numeric functions. Regular expressions, operators, and defining custom functions are also briefly outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    169 views2 pages

    Cheat Sheet Gnuawk v3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Albergica Aldo
    This document provides a cheat sheet for commonly used features of GNU awk (gawk). It summarizes how to run gawk scripts from the command line, defines patterns and actions, describes how to reference and split fields, covers flow control and looping structures, and lists many useful string and numeric functions. Regular expressions, operators, and defining custom functions are also briefly outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Opensource.

    com: GNU awk Cheat Sheet PAGE 1 OF 2 BY JIM HALL

    Use this handy quick reference guide to the most commonly used features of GNU awk (gawk).
    COMMAND-LINE USAGE REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

    Run a gawk script using -f or include a short script right on the Common regular expression patterns include:
    command line.
    ^ Matches start of a line
    gawk -f file.awk file1 file2… $ Matches end of a line
    or: . Matches any character, including newline

    gawk 'pattern {action}' file1 file2… a Matches a single letter a


    a+ Matches one or more a's
    also: set the field separator using -F
    a* Matches zero or more a's
    gawk -F: …
    a? Matches zero or one a's
    PATTERNS [abc] Matches any of the characters a, b, or c

    All program lines are some combination of a pattern and actions: [^abc] Negation; matches any character except a, b, or c
    \. Use backslash (\) to match a special character (like .)
    pattern {action}

    where pattern can be: You can also use character classes, including:

    • BEGIN (matches start of input) [:alpha:] Any alphabetic character


    • END (matches end of input) [:lower:] Any lowercase letter
    • a regular expression (act only on matching lines) [:upper:] Any uppercase letter
    • a comparison (act only when true) [:digit:] Any numeric character
    • empty (act on all lines) [:alnum:] Any alphanumeric character

    ACTIONS [:cntrl:] Any control character


    [:blank:] Spaces or tabs
    Actions are very similar to C programming.
    [:space:] Spaces, tabs, and other white space (such as
    Actions can span multiple lines.
    linefeed)
    End statements with a semicolon (;)
    For example: OPERATORS

    (…) Grouping
    BEGIN { FS = ":"; }
    ++ -- Increment and decrement
    { print "Hello world"; } ^ Exponents

    { + - ! Unary plus, minus, and negation


    print; * / % Multiply, divide, and modulo
    i = i + 1; + - Add and subtract
    }
    < > <= >= == != Relations
    FIELDS ~ !~ Regular expression match or negated match

    Gawk does the work for you and splits input lines so you can && Logical AND
    reference them by field. Use -F on the command line or set FS || Logical OR
    to set the field separator. = += -= *= /= %= ^= Assignment
    • Reference fields using $
    • $1 for the first string, and so on
    • Use $0 for the entire line
    For example:

    gawk '{print "1st word:", $1;}' file.txt

    or:

    gawk -F: '{print "uid", $3;}' /etc/passwd

    opensource.com Twitter @opensourceway | facebook.com/opensourceway | CC BY-SA 4.0


    Opensource.com: GNU awk Cheat Sheet PAGE 2 OF 2 BY JIM HALL

    FLOW CONTROL FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED)

    You can use many common flow control and loop structures, substr(str, pos [, n])
    including if, while, do-while, for, and switch.
    Return the next n characters of the string str, starting at position pos.
    if (i < 10) { print; } If n is omitted, return the rest of the string str.

    while (i < 10) { print; i++; } tolower(str)

    do { Return the string str, converted to all lowercase.


    print; toupper(str)
    i++;
    } while (i < 10); Return the string str, converted to all uppercase.
    Other common string functions include:
    for (i = 1; i < 10; i++) { print i; }
    match(str, regex)
    switch (n) {
    Return the position of the first occurrence of the regular
    case 1: print "yes"; expression regex in the string str.
    ⋮
    default: print "no"; sub(sub, repl [, str])
    } For the first matching substring sub in the string $0, replace it
    with repl.
    FUNCTIONS
    If you include the optional string str, operate on that string instead.
    Frequently-used string functions include:
    gsub(sub, repl [, str])
    print "hello world"
    print "user:" $1 Same as sub(), but replaces all matching substrings.
    print $1, $2
    split(str, arr [, del ])
    print i
    print Splits up the string str into the array arr, according to spaces
    and tabs.
    Print a value or string. If you don't give a value, outputs $0 instead.
    If you include the optional string del, use that as the field
    Use commas (,) to put space between the values. delimiter characters.
    Use spaces ( ) to combine the output.
    strtonum(str)
    printf(fmt, values…)
    Return the numeric value of the string str. Works with decimal,
    The standard C printf function. octal, and hexadecimal values.

    sprintf(fmt, values…) USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS


    Similar to the standard C sprintf function, returns the new string. You can define your own functions to add new functionality, or to
    make frequently-used code easier to reference.
    index(str, sub)
    Define a function using the function keyword:
    Return the index of the substring sub in the string str, or zero
    if not found. function name(parameters) {
    statements
    length([str]) }
    Return the length of the string $0.
    If you include the string str, give that length instead.

    opensource.com Twitter @opensourceway | facebook.com/opensourceway | CC BY-SA 4.0

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