50 - fixed reward

60 - customised reward
EXERCISE SHEET
11.01.20

A. LISTENING.
I. You will hear part of a lecture in which a man called Tom Trueman talks about golf courses and the
environment. For questions 1-8, complete the sentences. You will hear the recording only once.
The recent popularity of golf resulted from local success in 1. …………………………………. . A demand for new golf
courses attracted the interest of both 2. …………………………………. and businessmen. Many developers made the
mistake of building golf courses to 3. …………………………………. standards. Golf courses tend to be used by
people who live in 4. …………………………………. . Some people think that golf courses look too much like 5.
…………………………………. . Trees planted on golf courses are often chosen because they 6.
…………………………………. . Tom suggests that golf courses could be 7. …………………………………. as well. Tom
would like to see golf courses integrated into both the 8. …………………………………. and the ecology.

II. For questions 9-10, choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.

9. The owners of the underground house
A. had no experience of living in a rural area.
B. were interested in environmental issues.
C. wanted a professional project manager.
10. What does the speaker say about the site of the house?
A. The land was quite cheap.
B. Stone was being extracted nearby.
C. It was in a completely unspoilt area.

B. PHONOLOGY
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the other three.
11. A. Islamic B. isle C. aisle D. island

12. A. liable B. livid C. revival D. final

13. A. hasty B. nasty C. wastage D. tasty

II. Choose the word whose primary stress is different from that of the rest.
14. A. regardless B. attentive C. compliment D. extended

15. A. memorial B. diameter C. considerate D. beneficial

C. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

I. For each question below, choose the answer that best fits from A, B, C or D.
16. Jane: I couldn’t persuade John to come to the match with us. He said he couldn’t afford it.
Luke: You …… to lend him the money.
Jane: I did, but he said he …… borrow any money at the moment.
A. have offered - ought not to C. may have offered - used not to
B. could have offered - would rather not D. can offer - had better not
17. They’d never realised …… kind person their neighbour was until they asked for help.
A. so B. such a C. how D. what a
18. …… I’ve told him not to go out with those people, but he wouldn’t listen. Just let him face the music now!
A. Many a time B. Many the time C. Quite a time D. For a time
19. Tiger Woods is one of the most successful golfers ever, but he …… into many clubs in the southern US
because of his colour had he been playing 50 years ago.
A. weren’t allowed C. wouldn’t have been allowed
B. might not have allowed D. hadn’t been allowed
20. …… have at least four hours of hazardous materials response training is mandated by federal law.
A. For all police officers C. That all police officers
B. All police officers D. All police officers must
21. I’m not much of a morning person so I can never understand how my dad could always be so full of ……
before breakfast.
A. cake B. sugar C. beans D. pie
22. She’s tiny but she can really pack …… the biscuits.
A. through B. away C. off D. in
23. It’s pouring down outside - I’m completely …… !
A. shrunken B. scorched C. soaken D. saturated
24. Her thirst for knowledge can never be …… !
A. fulfilled B. quenched C. answered D. dissolved
25. This is a quick way to …… unwanted pounds and prepare your body for the summer!
A. shed B. shred C. rid D. scrape
26. These are just …… pearls. They are cheap and easy to find in every knockoff market.
A. imitated B. imitative C. imitating D. imitation
27. Goats and pigs might have been the earliest …… traded, but by the time classical civilisations arose, people
were using gold and silver as a medium of exchange.
A. portions B. assets C. shares D. commodities
28. Staff at the bank have apparently been lining their …… with money from investors.
A. pockets B. accounts C. coins D. savings
29. The film …… along with no particular story.
A. wobbles B. meanders C. fluctuates D. transpires
30. ‘The pen is …… than the sword’ is a saying that many people learn as children. Of course, it means that
ideas that are expressed in writing can be much more consequential than violence.
A. more powerful C. mightier
B. stronger D. more eloquent
III. For each question, choose the answer that is the most similar in meaning to the underlined
word/phrase in the context of each sentence.
31. You can run this program in tandem with others.
A. separately from C. simultaneously with
B. as you do with D. in time with
32. The award for best actress meant that almost overnight she suddenly found herself in the limelight.
A. was catapulted into C. was all of sudden in the money
B. was made redundant D. was at the expense of
33. Subsistence is an economic lifestyle characterised by living off the land.
A. a nomadic lifestyle C. local farming techniques
B. growing and hunting their own food D. trading properties and buildings
34. You can’t have it all - if you want more local services, you can’t expect to pay less tax.
A. have the best of both worlds C. get your wires crossed
B. do everything on a shoestring D. have your cake and eat it too
II. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets and a suitable preposition to
complete each sentence. There is an example for you.
0. I used to …….look up…….. (look) to my neighbour’s oldest son but I’ve stopped putting him on a pedestal
since the accident.
were papered over (paper) in order to make the people
35. The country’s deep-seated problems ………………………………...........
believe that their government was doing well.
are driving at
36. I really don’t see what you ………………………………........... (drive) right now. Can’t you just spell it out for me?
whip up
37. He was trying to ………………………………........... (whip) some enthusiasm for the project but nobody really
wanted to work with him.
threw up
38. The system ………………………………........... (throw) a few problems which no parties involved could have
predicted.
39. Some board members are opposed to the merger but it’s possible to get them to change their minds. In the
talked
past, I ………………………… over
(talk) them ………………….. with very little effort before they signed a deal with that
company. round/around
40. He ……………………………………………………….
headed off (head) efforts to replace him as leader and clung on to power for
another ten years.
will end up
41. She ………………………………........... (end) penniless if she continues to spend like that.
was laid off
42. He ………………………………........... (lay) last week after a series of slip-ups at work.
beats down
43. The sun ………………………………........... (beat), parching the already dry fields.
(has) set
44. The holiday ………………………….. (set) us ………………………………
back two months’ salary. Now we’ll have to work
overtime.

III. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the word in capitals to complete the sentences below.
45. The brain’s response to pain is, at least in part, …………………………
genetically determined. GENE

46. sufficed
Why did you give him a 50$ tip? 10 would have ………………………… . SUFFICIENCY

47. inadequacy of the budget is likely to cause problems.

The ………………………… ADEQUATE

48. undernourished
By the time we found him, he was extremely ………………………… and needed medical NOURISH
attention immediately. malnourished

49. overbalanced and fell.

Halfway along the wall he ………………………… BALANCE

50. Dietitians
………………………… plan nutrition programs and food programs for people. DIET

51. corro
It is impossible not to discuss the ………………………… influence of racism on society in CORRODE
this day and age.

52. Chris learned to write more crisply under his editor, who didn’t tolerate WORD
………………………… .

53. Unlike some of his predecessors, he has never resorted to ………………………… tactics HAND
to increase his power. He has more self-respect and dignity than that.

54. My only ………………………… is that we might not have enough time to do the job well. GIVE

C. READING
I. For questions 65-74, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
Responding to children’s mistakes
Promoting children’s self-esteem seems to be one of the aims of modern childcare and education. It goes hand
in hand with a culture in which children are enthusiastically praised for the most (65) ……….. achievements.
While this promotion of self-esteem is, rightly, a reaction against sterner times when children weren’t praised
enough, it also seems to be caused by a fear of how failure will affect children: a fear that if they don’t succeed
at a task, they will somehow be damaged.

However, the opposite may well be true. Many scientists spend years experiencing (66) ……….. failure in the
lab until they make a (67) ……….. . They know that (68) ……….. this process advances scientific knowledge. In
the same way, children need to experience failure to learn and grow. If children have been praised for
everything they’ve done, (69) ……….. how good it is, then failure in adult life will be all the more painful.

Life is full of (70) ……….. and there is no point in trying to protect children from the disappointments that (71)
……….. them. Parents and educators shouldn’t be afraid of (72) ……….. children’s mistakes, as long as they also
praise them when they do well. After all, the heroes children try to (73) ……….. , the pop stars and footballers,
have all reached the top in the face of ruthless competition. Like them, children need to learn how to cope
with failure and (74) ……….. it to their advantage.

65. A. minor B. inferior C. miniature D. light

66. A. concurrent B. consequent C. consecutive D. continual
67. A. success B. breakthrough C. progress D. breakout
68. A. ultimately B. lastly C. conclusively D. latterly
69. A. according to B. regardless of C. consistent with D. depending on
70. A. faults B. checks C. delays D. setbacks
71. A. expect B. anticipate C. await D. approach
72. A. getting round to B. looking down on C. giving way to D. picking up on
73. A. simulate B. duplicate C. emulate D. replicate
74. A. move B. turn C. make D. take

II. Read the passage and fill in the blank with a suitable word.
If you put a group of people who don’t know each (75) …………………………. in a room together and asked them
to pair up, they will naturally gravitate (76) …………………………. others of similar family (77) ………………………….
, social class and upbringing. We are all looking for something familiar (78) …………………………. we may not be
aware of exactly what it is. Facial attractiveness has a big (79) …………………………. on our choice of partners,
too. People tend to seek out and form long-lasting relationships with others of a similar (80)
…………………………. of attractiveness. Several studies have confirmed this. Researchers took a selection of
wedding photos and cut them up to seperate the bride and groom. They then asked people to rate how
attractive each person’s face was. When the researchers put the photos back into their original pairs, they
found that most of the couples had been sorted into similar groups on the scale of attractiveness. Not only
(81) …………………………. we rate others, but each of us carries a rough estimate in our heads of how facially
attractive we might be. We realised subconsciously that if we approach someone who is significantly higher
up the scale than we are, we run the (82) …………………………. of being rejected.
But (83) …………………………. the explanation for how and why we fall in love, one thing is clear. Nature has
made the whole process as blissful and addictive as possible (84) …………………………. the purpose of bringing
and keeping couples together.

III. For questions 79-85, choose which of the paragraphs A-G fit into the numbered gaps in the
following magazine article. There is one extra paragraph, which does not fit in any of the gaps.
Beginner Takes All
Even before it was published, The Horse Whisperer was the hottest book of the year. A first novel by
British screenwriter Nicholas Evans, it has earned its author record-breaking sums. He talks here about
his inspiration and his triumph.

The first months of the year were not kind to Nicholas Evans, screenwriter, producer and aspiring director.
The year began badly when Life and Limb, a film project he had been working on for months, fell through
‘almost overnight’. His disappointment mingled with stomach-churning worry: it had been two years since he
had earned any money and the promise of that film had been the only buffer between him and an increasingly
irate bank manager.

85. ………………………
Although he was acting very much on impulse, the seeds for the story had been with him for some time, sown
by a farrier he met on Dartmoor while staying with a friend. The farrier had told him the story of a docile
horse that had turned, no one knew why, into a fiend. Its owners were desperate until they heard of a gypsy
who, simply by talking to the animal, transformed its temperament in a matter of hours. Such men, the farrier
said, were known as ‘horse whisperers’.

86. ………………………
‘It was a funny time,’ he says now. ‘I was observing people, but especially I was alone and I felt as though my
life was falling apart. I’d tried for ten years to make a go of it as a film-maker, and here I was, hugely in debt
and wondering how I was going to feed the children, and thinking maybe it was all just folly.’

87. ………………………
When pushed, he ventured that Evans might get $30,000 as an advance on the book. ‘I had in mind how much
I needed to pay off a bit of the overdraft and keep us going, and it was more than that. I’d spent seven months
on The Horse Whisperer, and there were at least another two to go. $30,000 was a really difficult figure. I was
also advised to write a 12-page synopsis of the remainder of the book.’

88. ………………………
The events that followed have become publishing history. Within a week - a week of hotly contested auctions -
the novel had been sold to Transworld Publications in the UK for $550,000 and to Delacorte in the US for
$3.15 million, both record-breaking advances for a first novel.

89. ………………………
As they all agreed to this sum, it was decided that they should each ‘pitch’ to Evans. And so, one night in
October, he sat in his study while four great film-makers rand, one after the other, to beg for the privilege of
paying $3 million for an unfinished novel. Evans told me all this as we sat drinking coffee on a wooden
verandah perched above the leafy garden of his home. He said that he had since turned down an offer to write
the screenplay of The Horse Whisperer.

90. ………………………
He would be involved, he said, but at arm’s length. The success of his novel had inevitably brought forth the
offer of new backing for Life and Limb, but he was no longer sure that he wanted to make it. ‘I think that I
would be foolish not to write another novel,’ he said.
A. Evans’ imagination was captured. He began researching the subject with a view to writing a screenplay - he
was, after all, a film-maker. But disillusionment with the film world following the demise of Life and Limb
prompted him to write the story as a book. And so throughout the spring he drove across the US, stopping at
ranches and learning about horses and the men who work with them.

B. ‘It’s all been such a fairy tale so far, I don’t want to spoil it. Writing at that level is a very tough business, and I
don’t want to become an employee of these people who I like and who have paid me so much money. I’d hate to
find myself writing a draft or two and then have them say, “Thanks Nick, but now we’ll bring in so-and-so”.’

C. ‘We couldn’t believe it; we sat there with our jaws gaping. We’d never sent the manuscript to New York, we still
don’t know how it got there,’ Evans says. Nor did they send it to Hollywood, but within that same week the major
studios were fighting over it. ‘My agent in the UK wisely involved an agent over there and when he phoned us to
say, “I think we can get $3 million outright,” we laughed in disbelief.’

D. As a screenwriter, he had yearned for the freedom of novelists and, when he had it, found himself in the middle
of this immense and terrifying plain without the support of screenplay rules to guide me.’ But he carries us
smoothly through. Even so, he remains baffled as to why the story has captured imaginations in the mind-
blowing way that it has.

E. He thought that again towards the end of August, by which time he had returned home and written the first
half of the book. ‘At that point the bank manager was getting really very heavy with us, and I needed to know
whether it was worth going on. I plucked up the courage to show it to a friend who was a literary agent; he read
it and said it was “fine”.’

D. WRITING
I. Complete each second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word
given.
91. The meeting was cancelled because Dan got the flu. (DOWN)
Dan …………………………………………………………...………., which was why they cancelled the meeting.
92. He soon surpassed everyone else in his class. (AHEAD)
He soon …………………………………………………………...………. everyone else in his class.
93. Yes, we’ve made a mistake, but getting upset over it won’t solve anything. (MILK)
Yes, we’ve made a mistake, but there’s no …………………………………………………………...………. .
94. They spent money as if they were filthy rich, but not any more. (THROW)
They …………………………………………………………...………. as if they were filthy rich.
95. Jade was about to leave the house when her mom called. (POINT)
Jade …………………………………………………………...………. the house when her mom called.
96. If the English team can work together, they should win. (SO)
The English team should win, …………………………………………………………...………. work together.
97. Clara said that she had not seen the missing letter. (HAVING)
Clara …………………………………………………………...………. the missing letter.
98. Based on the way they started eating so eagerly, I guess they were very hungry (TUCKED)
Judging …………………………… ……………………………...………., they must have been very hungry.
99. It is thought that one in every five people cannot control how much they spend. (UNABLE)
One in every five people is thought …………………………………………………………...………. their spending under
control.
100. The region is rich in natural resources. (OFFER)
The region has a lot …………………………………………………………...………. terms of natural resources.