Parent Coach Guide

Welcome to the IDriveSafely Parent/Coach Guide!
Driving is a skill that requires regulated practice and a responsible, experienced coach.
Consistent practice provides the new driver with an opportunity to practice new skills incrementally, as
they are learned and provides the coach with insight on the learner’s skill mastery.
This coach’s guide is produced to compliment the IDriveSafely online driver education
course. It is intended to provide you with a step-by-step, incremental plan for practicing the driving
skills, positive attitudes and behavior presented in the online course.
As a driving coach, you are not expected to be a driving instructor. The coach is there to guide
and help the novice driver develop a responsible decision making process. You will demonstrate skills
and conduct commentary driving to assist learning and decision making skills.
This guide will help you manage the task of being a coach and give you some tips about
conducting safe in-vehicle practice sessions with your novice driver. The course has eight units
of instruction and is designed for you to participate in the learning process. There are activities and in-
vehicle driving exercises designed to reinforce each unit of instruction. Each unit gets progressively
more difficult. This guide will help you achieve 50 hours of meaningful supervised practice
recommended by driver training experts. Print the in-vehicle activity sheets and keep them in the car
on a clipboard to assist you while conducting the practice sessions.
Please read this guide thoroughly and be prepared for one of the most important jobs you have ever
committed to! Have a wonderful and rewarding experience as you help train your novice driver for a
safe driving career!
Table of Contents
Coaching Tips.......................................................................................................................... 2
Commentary Driving ................................................................................................................ 4
Student Handouts .................................................................................................................... 5
The Course Map....................................................................................................................... 7
Pre-Drive 1: Risk Awareness ..................................................................................................... 9
Pre-Drive 2: The Road ............................................................................................................ 11
Pre-Drive 3: The Driver .......................................................................................................... 15
Pre-Drive 4: The Vehicle ......................................................................................................... 11
Drive 1: Basic Control............................................................................................................. 17
Drive 2: Searching ................................................................................................................. 22
Drive 3: Reversing Direction and Parking................................................................................... 24
Drive 4: Multi-Lane Roads I..................................................................................................... 28
Drive 5: Curves and Hazards ................................................................................................... 31
Drive 6: Multi-lane Roadways II ............................................................................................... 33
Drive 7: Expressway Driving.................................................................................................... 35
Drive 8: Sharing the Road....................................................................................................... 37
Drive 9: Rural Driving and Passing ........................................................................................... 38
Drive 10: Hazardous Conditions ............................................................................................... 40
Drive 11: Emergency Maneuvers.............................................................................................. 42
Drive 12: Travel Preparation.................................................................................................... 44
Drive 13: Driving Other Vehicles .............................................................................................. 45
Driving Contract .................................................................................................................... 46
Copyright, IDriveSafely 2006 Parent/Coach Guide

All Rights Reserved Page 1 of 47
Coaching Tips
The following suggestions will improve the overall experience for the learner and the coach:
#1 Be Prepared.
#2 Create a contract.
#3 Be a Good Role Model.
#4 Update Your Driving Expertise.
#5 Anticipate Common Novice Driver Mistakes.
#6 Manage and Maintain the Training Vehicle.
#7 Communicate Clearly.
#8 Take the Job Seriously.
Before beginning your coaching responsibilities, recognize a few facts that you can incorporate in your
discussions about the need for quality training:
• According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, motor vehicle crashes are the leading
cause of death for teens 15-20 years old.
• Each day, approximately 8,000 teenage drivers are involved in a crash.
• The number of passengers is closely related to the risk of crash.
• When safety belts are worn, the risk of death and serious injury is reduced by about 50%.
The main contributors to the high crash rate of teen drivers include:
• Inexperience
• Poor visual search skills
• Poor risk assessment and judgment making
• Speeding
• Driving at high-risk hours (night and weekends)
• Inattention and distraction
Tip #1 Be Prepared. Take an active interest and follow along with the progress of your novice driver
as they go through the IDriveSafely online course. The course consists of eight units broken down into
46 modules of instruction, each about 20-30 minutes in length. This course is designed to be integrated
with the 50 hour parent/coach component and therefore expanded over several months. There is a
great deal of information in each module concluding with a ten question quiz. Track the progress of
your student online and be ready to “coach” them on the topics they have just covered. Begin your job
as a coach as your teen begins the course. As valuable lessons are being learned, begin training your
new driver while YOU drive with them in front passenger seat of the vehicle. Follow the progress of
your teen online and become a driving mentor while leading discussions about the topics they are
learning. Use this guide throughout their online experience and after they obtain a learner’s permit.
Schedule at least 50 hours of guided practice in the vehicle. Use this as your guide to ensure your
novice driver has 50 hours of meaningful supervised practice behind-the-wheel before receiving their
license. Plan each session to last approximately 60 minutes. If you are tired, re-schedule. Be sure
each of you is in a good mood before starting the sessions. Don’t move from one skill set to the next
until you are confident the new driver has mastered the unit skills and is ready for a more complex set
of maneuvers.
Plan and drive your routes before conducting the practice sessions.

Coaching Skills
• Coach on routine trips when you drive – have your novice passenger ride in the front seat.
• Go over the skills and objectives with your novice driver before each session.
• When introducing a new maneuver, demonstrate it first while commenting on what you are
seeing and what you are doing to complete the maneuver safely.
• When the novice is driving, sit in a position where you can easily place your left hand on the
steering wheel and guide the wheel (take control) if necessary.
• Continuously scan for hazards and obstacles ahead and around the vehicle while observing the
novice drivers behavior. Always check mirrors and the blind spots before giving directions to
maneuver.
Tip #2 Establish Guidelines and Agreements. Implement parent-teen and parent-parent

agreements for vehicle use and operation. Be consistent, fair, flexible and in control. Contact the
parents of your teen’s friends and discuss how you will work together to monitor and enforce safe
behavior, GDL passenger restrictions and other laws. A sample teen/parent contract is provided at the
end of this guide. Discuss and fill in the appropriate categories. The contract can be modified to suit
your own individual needs and circumstances.
Tip #3 Be a Good Role Model.
• Obey the rules-of-the-road.

• Review the online course content and modify your driving behaviors if necessary.
• Stay focused on the task of driving – Do not use your cell phone, eat, read or look away from
the road when driving.
• Always use your safety belt.
• Do not drive aggressively. Tap your horn. Do not yell or curse at other drivers.
• Always signal your intention to change lanes, turn or enter a parking space.
• Check your mirrors prior to maneuvers or speed adjustments.
• Maintain safe space, do not tailgate.
• Go with the flow of traffic – do not weave in and out of traffic.
Tip #4 Update Your Driving Expertise. Be sure you are a credible source of information for your
novice driver. Be prepared with correct answers about rules and laws. Review the state DMV handbook
to brush up on the rules-of-the road, sign meanings, GDL laws, insurance requirements and violation
fines and penalties. Know how to demonstrate safe following distances and lines of sight. Be prepared
to demonstrate scanning techniques and how to manage distractions. Reference the student handouts
that accompany each unit of instruction before conducting the coaching duties and in-vehicle checklists.
Tip #5 Anticipate Common Novice Driver Mistakes. Novice drivers make several common
mistakes. Anticipate these mistakes and be prepared to correct them if they occur. Be prepared to
correct common errors, which include failure to:
• Conduct a constant, thorough “search” of the roadway ahead.

• Continuously scan mirrors for obstacles to the sides and to the rear.
• Focus on obstacles and traffic on the roadway.
• Maintain a safe space around the vehicle (to the front, sides and in the rear).
• Drive a safe speed through intersections and around curves.
• Execute a smooth turn - cuts the corner or takes the turn too wide.
• Maintain control of the steering wheel when signaling.
• Maintain steady lane position (students often wander between traffic lanes).
• Conduct a complete scan before entering intersections (red-light runners and obstacles).
• Maintain the space gap when merging.

Tip #6 Manage and Maintain the Training Vehicle. Select a safe vehicle to conduct your novice
driver training. Select a vehicle with crash survival features such as airbags, daytime running lights and
antilock brakes. The vehicle should be well maintained and have tires with a safe amount of tread and
proper inflation. All primary and secondary controls should be fully functional and in good condition.
Plan to use the same vehicle to practice until the driver gains skill mastery.
Tip #7 Communicate Clearly. When conducting practice sessions, restrict conversation to topics
related to the practice exercises and driving task. Turn off the radio and CD player. Do not operate cell
phones.
• Give clear, simple directions. First state where and then what to do. For example: “At the
intersection ahead, get in the left turn lane, signal and turn left when traffic is clear”.
• To prevent confusion when practicing, use the word RIGHT only as a direction – never use the
word RIGHT to indicate “yes” or “correct.”
• Do not overload your teen with too much information in a single session. If you or your driver
becomes tired, nervous or anxious, stop the session and resume at another time.
• Conduct an assessment at the conclusion of each session – have your driver critique their own
performance. Create a game plan for improving problem areas that is incorporated into the
goals for the next session.
• Keep calm and cool - Don’t allow your novice driver to become too dependant upon your
instructions!
Tip #8 Take the Job Seriously. Be prepared and fully involved in your job as a coach and mentor.
Rehearse the practice sessions and be enthusiastic when you see progress.
• Set standards and if possible, stick to your schedule.

• Track your teen’s progress in the IDriveSafely course.
• Reference the student handouts. Make sure your supervised practice sessions are consistent
with what is presented in the course.
• When you are driving or conducting practice sessions focus on the task of being a coach.
Commentary Driving
Communication in the vehicle is critical for learning and understanding. Throughout the course, we
recommend that you and your new driver implement a method to communicate potential hazards as
they are “seen” ahead, to the sides and behind the vehicle. This technique is called “commentary
driving” and is used by many professional driving instructors.
How it works for the coach…
As the driver/coach, when you are planning and performing a maneuver, comment on what you are
seeing and verbalize your thoughts and decision making process. As you conduct the maneuver,
comment on what you are doing as you go through the maneuver, for example:
“I want to turn right at the intersection ahead. I search for hazards and signals. I see busy traffic and
one bicyclist on the other side of the intersection. As we get closer, I see a road marking, a white
arrow pointing to the right that designates a lane for right turns only. I scan my mirrors and blind spot
to see if there is a gap for me to safely move into the right turn lane. I turn on my signal before
changing lanes. When it is safe, I move into the turn lane. I keep my signal on through the turn”. When
the path of travel is clear, I slow down and make the turn into the nearest (right) lane. I straighten
the wheels and accelerate to the speed of traffic and re-check my mirrors.”
The commentary above is a detailed description and reminder of how many complex tasks are
conducted in the driving process. Plan to rehearse commentary driving as you practice driving the
routes you select prior to the in-vehicle session. To conduct quality, goal oriented sessions, practice
can be just as important for the coach as it is for your novice driver.

When you are driving and demonstrate how to conduct commentary driving, have your novice practice
commentary driving long before they get behind the wheel. Get in their head by having them
communicate what they see and how they might respond. Test their knowledge of the rules-of-the-
road as you encounter complex driving situations. Develop a clear method of communication so you
both anticipate what will happen next and how it will be performed.
How it works for the novice driver…
When the novice driver is practicing, frequently encourage them to comment on what they see as they
continuously search and scan for threats in the traffic environment. When they see obstacles ahead and
anticipate making an evasive maneuver, have them tell you what they are about to do. Have them
describe the threats in as few words as possible, identify them by nature and location (“kids playing
near street,” “blue car with the driver looking the other way,” “pavement in shadow may be icy.”). The
student should identify only those threats that require some action, even if it is to just to watch the
condition closely, possibly come off the accelerator and be prepared to respond. It isn’t necessary to
say what to do about threats, just identify them. There is no need for students to announce the
absence of a threat.
This technique helps establish a good pattern of searching well ahead. It helps the new driver recognize
potential hazards and perform corrective action. Essentially you are discovering how well they are
processing the information they see. During student commentary driving, the coach is responsible for
making suggestions, participating in the dialogue and discussing proper driving techniques.
Diagnostic Coaching
While conducting supervised practice sessions, comment on the adequacy of student performance by
summarizing in specific terms where they need improvement. This technique is called diagnostic
coaching. For example, if the student needs to work on left turns, the coach is encouraged to make a
constructive comment such as “your left turn was too wide at the last intersection.” Providing truly
diagnostic instruction requires (1) looking for specific responses at the appropriate places and (2)
recording correct and incorrect responses on the checklists provided in this guide. At the conclusion of
each session, go over your notes about what needs to be improved and also what positive progress has
been made.
The Driving Contract
A sample driving contract is featured on the last page of this guide. Print it out and go over it with your
teen driver or modify one to better suit your ground rules. Both parties should sign the contract.
Whatever your situation, agree to the terms.
Student Handouts
Each unit in the course is supplemented with a student handout. The student handouts contain an
overview of the critical information found in each unit. The handouts are designed to download and
print during the course. Have your teen keep each handout to review and study for the exam.
As the coach, follow along with your student’s progress by scanning each handout to help you prepare
for the activities you will conduct in the supervised practice sessions. Well before your novice driver
obtains their permit, go through the checklists and procedures presented in the course. Create a plan
for when and where you will conduct the practice sessions. Use the handouts to talk your novice
through a review of the information before you demonstrate the material in the vehicle.
Use the handouts in conjunction with this guide to conduct discussions, checklists and driving activities.

A Snapshot of the IDriveSafely Course and Activities, Per Unit:
Unit 1 Introduction
Unit one instruction is focused on the dangers of driving, situational awareness and the process of risk
management. Unit one also describes how critical the laws of nature are to the driving task. The unit
launches the student into the IDriveSafely experience and concludes with the steps required to
successfully obtain a driver’s license.
The unit one in-vehicle exercise features the coach as the driver. The novice driver is in the front
passenger seat as you point out and discuss potential hazards you encounter on the roadway. You
discuss “what-if” scenarios – emphasizing the worst that could happen. As you drive the unit one
exercise, you will also discuss the forces of nature as they effect how you maneuver and handle the
vehicle. This unit is also about obeying laws, responsible driving and courteous driving behavior - be
prepared to discuss and demonstrate these concepts as you drive.
Unit 2 The Road
Unit two is about “the road”, its different characteristics and the way it communicates with us though
signs, signals and markings. Module topics include Intersections, Driving Environments and the “Rules-
of-the-Road.”
Activities include identifying signs, signals and markings and demonstrating knowledge about their
meanings. The coach and student will observe and record how frequently unsafe driving behavior
occurs at a busy intersection. Commentary driving by the coach concludes the unit with active
discussion about the rules of the road in simple, intermediate and complex driving scenarios.
Unit 3 The Driver
Unit three is about “the driver” and the importance of being responsible and prepared to drive. It
discusses occupant protection and emphasizes how critical it is for all occupants to wear safety belts, or
restraints. The issues of fatigue, alcohol and drug impaired driving are presented in detail for a
thorough understanding about the dangers of driving when tired or impaired. The unit continues with
how to manage inattention and distraction when driving. Next, unit two discusses emotional impaired
driving and how to manage road rage and its triggers. The unit concludes with a unique module on
personal safety, introducing the student to situational awareness and how to recognize and avoid
dangerous places, events and situations.
Unit 4 The Vehicle
Unit four is about “the vehicle.” The unit covers different types of vehicle and their different handling
characteristics. There are separate modules covering the basics of vehicle systems, vehicle controls and
vehicle maintenance. The main focus of this unit is on becoming familiar with how the vehicle works
and how to keep it in good operational condition.
Activities for this module include identifying various types of vehicles and discussing their unique
features. The vehicle is used to familiarize the student with the systems and different parts of the
engine. Routine maintenance checks are demonstrated under the hood, with the tires, gauges and
lights. The unit concludes with a trip to a service station to refuel the vehicle.

Unit 5 Basic Driving
Unit five introduces how to approach the vehicle, vehicle entry, driving preparation and simple driving
skills in an empty parking lot or no-traffic environment. When the student obtains a permit, they will
begin their supervised practice by demonstrating the knowledge and skills taught in this unit. Basic
control skills such as starting, moving, steering, backing, turning parking and securing the vehicle are
taught in the first behind-the-wheel session and practiced until they are mastered.
Unit 6 Intermediate Driving
Unit six presents the knowledge and skills necessary to accomplish intermediate driving tasks in a low
to intermediate traffic environment. Focus is placed on situational awareness, searching, making sound
decisions, reacting and performing safe driving maneuvers. The driver is introduced to intersection
management, curves, different driving conditions, intermediate steering and how to manage speed and
space. Driving exercises are designed to practice these skills incrementally, in a simple to complex
driving environments.
Unit 7 Advanced Driving
Unit seven is about advanced driving maneuvers. Advanced driving includes driving on expressways, in
rural areas, during wet weather, at night, on hills and mountains, on ice and snow and in the desert.
The unit concludes with driving techniques for vehicle malfunctions and evasive, emergency
maneuvers. Because of the inherent danger practicing these maneuvers, the unit is primarily
knowledge-based. Practice is only encouraged for such maneuvers as skid recovery in a no-traffic, low
risk environment.
Unit 8 Using Your Vehicle for Travel
Unit eight prepares the young driver to prepare for a trip and the “unexpected.” The course concludes
with a module on the characteristics of driving other vehicles such as rental cars, SUVs, moving vans,
recreational vehicles and the handling characteristics of towing a trailer and fuel economy.
The Course Map
Print and reference the course map on the following page and use it as your guide to schedule the in-
vehicle practice sessions and activities with your new driver. The boxes represent the online course
module titles. The picture of the vehicle indicates the appropriate time and title for the parent/coach
activities. Follow along with your student’s online progress. Conduct coach drives with commentary
driving after each unit is complete. Reference the student handouts to prepare for you coach activities.
By the time your novice driver obtains a learner’s permit, as the coach “commentary” driver, you
should have already talked through the entire course and discussed the topics, procedures and
maneuvers.
When it is time for your teen to get behind the wheel, follow this guide and the course map to conduct
the in-vehicle activities and supervised practice sessions. The course map tells you what topics you
need to review with your new driver before each drive. The course is designed for you to follow this
integrated sequence of events. You can also use the course map to help schedule your time together in
the vehicle as well as a guide for the number of hours to practice each skill set. This course map is only
a recommended guide for you to achieve 50 hours of meaningful supervised practice. If your new
driver is not ready to safely proceed to the next driving event, continue to practice with them until they
have mastered the skills.

Parent/Coach Integrated Driver Training Course Map
Course
Course Start Pre-Drive 4
Start 3.1
3.1 The Vehicle 6.3
6.3 7.6
7.6
Driver
Driver 1 (1) Hr Session Conditions
Conditions &
& Driving
Driving on
on
Readiness
Readiness Other
Other Road
Road Users
Users Hills
Hills &Mountains
&Mountains
1.1
1.1
The
The IDriveSafely
IDriveSafely
Course 3.2 Drive 5
Course 3.2 Curves & 7.7
7.7
Occupant
Occupant
5.1
5.1 Hazards Driving
Driving on
on
Pre-Drive
Pre-Drive Ice
Ice and
and Snow
Snow
Protection
Protection Checklist 4 (1) Hr Session
1.2
1.2 Checklist
Why
Why Driver
Driver Ed
Ed
is
is Necessary
Necessary 3.3
3.3 5.2 7.8
7.8
Fatigue
Fatigue 5.2 Desert
Basic
Basic Desert Driving
Driving
Control 6.4
6.4
1.3
1.3 Control II Multi-lane
Surviving Multi-lane
Surviving 3.4 Roadways
Roadways IIII
Driving
Driving 3.4 Drive 10
Alcohol-Impaired
Alcohol-Impaired 5.3 Hazardous
Driving
Driving 5.3 Conditions
Basic
Basic Drive 6 6 (1) Hr Session
1.4 Control
Control II
II Multilane
1.4 Roadways II
The
The Laws
Laws You
You
Can 3.5
3.5
Can Not
Not Break
Break Drug-Impaired 5 (1) Hr Session
Drug-Impaired Drive 1
Driving
Driving Basic Control
3 (1) Hr Session 7.9
7.9
1.5
1.5 Emergency
Emergency
Your Maneuvers
Maneuvers
Your License
License
3.6
3.6 7.1
7.1
Inattention
Inattention && Expressway
Expressway
Distraction Driving Drive 11
Distraction Driving
Pre-Drive 1 5.4
5.4 Emergency
Risk & Communicating Maneuvers
Communicating
Situational Drive 7 4 (1) Hr Session
Awareness Expressway
3.7
3.7 Driving
1 (1) Hr Session Emotionally
Emotionally
5.5
6 (1) Hr Session
Impaired
Impaired Driving
Driving 5.5
Basic
Basic Control
Control III
III
8.1
8.1
3.8
3.8 Drive 2 7.2
Preparing
Preparing for
for
2.1
2.1 Personal
Personal Safety
Safety 7.2 aa Trip
Trip
Signs Searching Other
Other
Signs Road
3 (1) Hr Session Road Users
Users
Pre-Drive 3 Drive 12
The Driver Drive 8 Travel
2.2
2.2 Sharing the Preparation
Signals
Signals 1 (1) Hr Session Road
5.6
1 (1) Hr Session
5.6 2 (1) Hr Session
Parking
Parking
2.3
2.3
Markings Drive 3 8.2
Markings Parking 8.2
4.1
4.1 7.3
7.3 Driving
Driving Other
Other
The
2 (1) Hr Session Vehicles/
Vehicles/
The Vehicle
Vehicle Rural
Rural Driving
Driving
2.4
2.4 Drive 13
Intersections
Intersections Driving Other
6.1 Drive 9
4.2
4.2 6.1 Rural Driving Vehicles
Vehicle Multi-lane
Multi-lane
Vehicle Systems
1 (1) Hr Session
Systems and Passing
Roadways
Roadways II
2.5
2.5 6 (1) Hr Session
Driving
Driving
Environments
Environments Drive 4
Multi-lane Final Course
4.3
4.3 Roads I Exam
2.6
2.6 Vehicle
Vehicle Controls
Controls 4 (1) Hr Session 7.4
7.4
Rules
Rules of
of the
the Wet
Wet Weather
Weather
Road
Road Driving
Driving
4.4
4.4
Pre-Drive 2 Vehicle 6.2 7.5
The Road Vehicle
Maintenance 6.2 7.5
Maintenance Curves
Curves Night
Night Driving
Driving
1 (1) Hr Session

Pre-Drive 1: Risk Awareness
Discussion
Materials and Equipment:
• Training vehicle. Select one vehicle that the novice driver will consistently be driving
throughout the licensing process. Perform any needed maintenance on the vehicle before the
training begins. Ensure all vehicle systems and safety features are fully operational, including
lights, gauges, restraints and tires. Clean the vehicle interior, windows and mirrors. Make sure
the interior is free of loose objects and debris.
• Current DMV Handbook. You will reference this handbook throughout the course. For Pre-
Drive 1, review your state laws for:
- Graduated Licensing (GDL)

- Insurance requirements
- Vehicle inspection requirements
- Blank calendar of the current year
Set a routine schedule for the in-vehicle practice sessions. Plan enough time for a discussion before
and after the practice session. Plan for times when you are both rested. Write down the schedule and
stick to it.
Discussion Topics:
These topics are related to what the student is learning in Unit 1. Discuss and review them before
conducting the Pre-Drive 1 in-vehicle activity (these discussions can take place at any time before
getting in the vehicle – Conduct these discussions when you are not in a hurry and there is time to
talk).
1. Driving is a privilege – How easily it can be taken away.
2. Courtesy – Your social responsibility.
3. Surviving the drive – A game plan for avoiding collisions.

• RISK is always present. Discuss how you MANAGE your risk when driving.
• Visibility - Searching for obstacles and potential hazards.
• Time - Identifying hazards and deciding what to do. Discuss how much time it takes to conduct
maneuvers and how to judge if there is enough “time” to conduct the maneuver without
increasing your risk.
• Space – Discuss space around the vehicle and how much you need to safely make maneuvers.
4. Laws of nature - Gravity, friction, kinetic energy, inertia and the force of impact.
“The laws you can not break.”
Have your teen write down each law and take notes when going through module 1.4. When they are
complete, review their quiz score. If it is below 80%, go back online and review the module with them.
If it is 90-100%, have them teach you what they learned about each law and its importance when
driving. Take the notes with you when you do the Unit 1 in-vehicle exercise, demonstrate the forces
and talk about how you can “feel” those forces when stopping, turning, accelerating and driving up or
downhill.

Pre-Drive 1: Risk Awareness
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Print this page and take it with you in the vehicle.
Goal:
The goal of this exercise is to recognize obstacles and potential hazards in the traffic environment. It is
also an exercise in communicating what we see, predicting traffic scenarios that might occur ahead and
deciding how we might react.
Pre-Drive 1 is a “commentary driving” activity driven by the coach. The novice driver is in the front
passenger seat as you point out and discuss potential hazards you encounter on the roadway.
Traffic environment(s): Plan a route to demonstrate a variety of roads, speeds and hazards that you
might face in a typical day behind the wheel.
• Quiet residential neighborhood
• Busy intersection
• Highway or Expressway
Time: Day, night, dusk
Weather: Rain, Snow or Fog (if possible, demonstrate how visibility changes and conceals hazards on
the road)
Conduct this activity as often as possible when you have your novice in the vehicle with you.
1. Point out all the obstacles that you see – get them thinking about how the road communicates
with us.
2. Practice “what-if” scenarios when you see children, pets running loose, congested traffic or
another driver weaving in and out of traffic. Create these what-if scenarios with the worst
possible outcomes. Discuss what you might do if these scenarios actually occur.
In the process of these initial drives, have your novice driver begin to do their own “commentary
driving” – before getting behind the wheel. Have them become comfortable with this form of
communication because they will be using the same technique when it’s time for them to enter and
practice driving in these assorted traffic environments.

Pre-Drive 2: The Road
Discussion
• Current DMV Handbook - For Unit 2, review DMV handbook sections on:
- Signs
- Signals
- Road markings
- Rules-of-the-Road
- Right of way
- Speed limits
- Reckless driving
Discussion Topics:
conducting the Pre-Drive Activity 2 in the vehicle. (These discussions can take place at any time before
talk).
1. Types of signs: regulatory, warning and guide signs
2. Signal definition and meanings: Colors, flashing signals, arrows, lane control signals and “x” signals
3. Road markings: Purpose, types, colors, placement and integration with other road communication
4. Intersections: Controls, types of traffic at intersections (pedestrians and bicyclists), procedure for
searching and going through an intersection, and the unique features and dangers of train
intersections.
5. Driving environments: Neighborhood, urban, rural, parking lots and different road surfaces (how
they affect traction).
6. Rules of the road: Basic laws, right-of-way, obeying traffic controls, speed limits, collision
responsibilities
Reference signs, signals, markings, rules of the road, and collision responsibilities in your state’s driving
handbook. Quiz your novice on each category. Work on weaknesses.

Pre-Drive 2: The Road
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environments: Neighborhood with children and pets, urban rush hour, rural country road
with hills and blind curves, busy parking lot and assorted intersections (controlled, uncontrolled,
multiple turn lanes and shared left turn lane)
Materials and Equipment: Training Vehicle
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to review hazards and practice recognition of:
• How the road communicates (signs, signals and markings)
• Intersections: Controls, types of traffic at intersections (pedestrians and bicyclists), procedure
for searching and going through an intersection, and the unique features and dangers of train
intersections.
• Driving environments: Neighborhood, urban, rural, parking lots and different road surfaces (how
they affect traction).
• Rules of the road: Basic laws, right-of-way, obeying traffic controls, speed limits, collision
responsibilities
As the coach, when you are driving, take every possible opportunity to have your teen in the front
passenger seat. Continuously quiz your teen on the meanings of signs, signals, markings and “who has
the right-of-way" decisions. Review “basic laws” as you drive and discuss reckless driving as you see
other drivers weaving, tailgating or drag racing.
Drive through these assorted environments and have the soon-to-be novice driver conduct
“commentary driving.” Have them make verbal driving decisions about what the road is
communicating. As a role model, always demonstrate the following basic laws:
• Buckle-up.
• Drive on the right side. Exceptions: When overtaking or passing a vehicle going in the same
direction or your lane is blocked by a parked vehicle or an obstruction, which makes it necessary
for you to drive to the left of the centerline. In this situation, always yield the right-of-way to
oncoming traffic on the unobstructed side of the roadway.
• Obey traffic controls.
• Pass on the left. On multi-lane or one-way streets, passing or overtaking on the right is
permitted.
• Always signal your intentions. Always communicate your intention to turn or change lanes by
using turn signal at least 100 feet prior to the maneuver.
• Travel at a safe speed.
• Don't tailgate.
• Yield to pedestrians. Yield to persons who are blind.
• Don't stop fast without a warning.
• Give the appropriate Right-of-Way.

Pre-Drive 3: The Driver
Discussion
• Training Vehicle
• Owners Manual
Reference and review the section on occupant protection: Restraints, safety belts and air bags.
Also review the section on brakes (ABS).
• Current DMV Handbook

You will reference this handbook throughout the course. For Pre-Drive Activity 3, review your
state laws for:
- Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs

- Implied consent law
- Point system and consequences for violating impairment laws
- Definition of aggressive or reckless driving and consequences
- What to do if you get pulled over by the police
Discussion Topics:
conducting the Unit 3 in-vehicle exercise (these discussions can take place at any time before getting in
the vehicle – Conduct these discussions when nobody is in a hurry and there is time to talk).
1. Common destinations, alternative routes and why planning is important.
2. The physiological effects of legal drugs and illegal drugs.
3. Dangers of combining drugs.
4. Legal, financial and emotional consequences of receiving a DUI citation.
5. Local collisions that have caused injury or death to an acquaintance or family member.
6. The dangers of driving when tired
7. Distractions you can “manage” and why it is important to stay focused on driving
8. Issues of driver common sense and personal safety
Unit 3 discussions are designed to increase awareness of being “prepared” and “fit” to drive. Talk about
common destinations, alternative routes and prior planning. Prepare for these discussions by listing
some personal experiences such as getting caught unprepared for bad weather driving, being lost,
nodding off at the wheel, DUI experience and how bad driving behavior (tailgating, etc.) has triggered
your own version of “road rage.”
Refresh your knowledge of the physiological effects of legal drugs and illegal drugs and note how
dangerous it is to combine drugs. Save the warning labels and instructions that you have received on
prescription drugs or over-the counter drugs. Point out warnings such as “Do not operate heavy
machinery” “Do not combine with alcohol” “May cause drowsiness or dizziness.” Ignorance is no
excuse if caught driving under the influence of drugs.
Clip articles from the local news about collisions caused or related to fatigue or impairment. Discuss
collisions that have caused injury or death to people you both know. Talk about the cause of the crash
and how you feel about the damage or loss. Together, count the number of people that were directly or
indirectly affected by the collision. Talk about the financial impact as well.

Pre-Drive 3: The Driver
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
• Water soluble chalk

• Owners Manual Reference the sections on:
- Occupant protection: Restraints, safety belts and air bags
- Brake systems (ABS)
Goal:
The goal of this exercise is to become familiar with occupant protection and vehicle safety systems. It
does not require starting the vehicle or putting it in motion. This exercise can be conducted with a
parked car in a driveway. You will need enough empty space around the vehicle to demonstrate “blind
spots.”
1. Raise the hood and observe how the manufacturer has designed the hood to “fold” upon impact.
2. Identify whether the vehicle has anti-lock brakes and discuss how they work.
3. Look at the structure of the passenger cage and point out where the airbags are located. Discuss
why it is important to be secured and in position if an airbag deploys.
4. Demonstrate proper seat position and how to raise and lower the head restraints.
5. Have the learner get in the proper seat position to drive and adjust the seat, mirrors and head
restraint. Buckle the safety belts and check for proper position.
Demonstrate how much the driver is not able to see by just using their mirrors. Have your driver
practice scanning the mirrors and blind spots while the vehicle is not in motion. With your teen secured
in the driver seat, exit the vehicle and walk outside of the vehicle in the “blind spots“, on both sides
and back of the vehicle. As you walk around the sides, perimeter and back of the vehicle, have your
teen call out when they are not able to see you in the mirrors. Mark the “blind spot” locations on the
pavement with chalk. When you are through, have your teen get out and view how vast the areas are
around the vehicle that can not be seen from the driver’s perspective.

Pre-Drive 4: The Vehicle
Discussion
• Owners Manual - Reference and review the sections on:
- Vehicle controls
- Vehicle gauges
- Vehicle systems
- Recommended routine vehicle and tire maintenance
• Current DMV Handbook - For Unit 4, review vehicle emission and inspection requirements.
Discussion Topics:
conducting Pre-Drive Activity 4 in the vehicle. (These discussions can take place at any time before
talk).
1. Different types of vehicles and their different handling characteristics: Emergency vehicles, trailers,
trucks, and vans.
2. Vehicle systems: Engine, fuel, exhaust, steering, brakes, tires, electrical, lubricating and cooling.
3. Vehicle Controls: Steering wheel, brakes, accelerator, ignition, lights, signals, wipers, other
secondary controls (heat, AC, radio, etc.), gauges and warning lights.
4. Vehicle Maintenance: Routine checks before and during driving, fueling, mileage-based maintenance,
selecting a mechanic

Pre-Drive 4: The Vehicle
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
• Training Vehicle (with dirty windows and low on fuel)

• Owners Manual
Goal: The goal of this activity is to become familiar with vehicle controls and routine maintenance.
Conduct discussions at the vehicle with the owner’s manual. Prepare for these discussions by becoming
familiar with the location of all vehicle controls and maintenance features. Go through the list of topics
and conduct a hands-on review of vehicle features: functions and locations under the hood, on the dash
board and in the trunk. Raise the hood and observe the vehicle systems and maintenance features (dip
stick, fluid containers, battery, fans, belts, etc.)
With the coach as the driver and the learner in the front passenger seat:
1. Locate the primary and secondary controls. Demonstrate the operation of the:
• Gear shift lever
• Foot brake
• Accelerator
• Steering wheel
• Parking brake,
• Lights
• Signals
• Wipers
• HVAC
• Radio and CD player
2. Demonstrate how the gauges and the warning lights communicate to the driver. Discuss what to do
in the event specific warning lights illuminate.
3. Demonstrate the vehicle start procedure:

• Parking brake ON, foot on brake
• Turn the key in the ignition to START - As soon as the engine starts, release the key
• Demonstrate the operation of the primary controls:
- Gear shift lever (all positions)
- Foot brake
- Accelerator
- Steering wheel (hand-over-hand and push-pull techniques)
4. With the learner in the driver seat, without putting the vehicle in motion, discuss the same topics
and conduct the vehicle start procedure.
5. Demonstrate difference in visibility between having dirty windows and clean windows: Coach drives
to a service station and demonstrates how to re-fuel the vehicle. Have the learner conduct the re-
fueling procedure and wash the windows.

Drive 1: Basic Control
Discussion
Print the following four pages and take them with you in the vehicle.
Unit five introduces approach, entry, preparation and simple driving skills in an empty parking lot or
no-traffic environment. Basic control skills such as starting, moving, steering, backing, turning parking
and securing the vehicle are taught and practiced in the vehicle. The coach will demonstrate these
skills and then the student will demonstrate the knowledge and practice these skills until they are
mastered.
Materials and Equipment: Student Handout Unit 5, Training Vehicle
Discussion Topics:
• Pre-drive checklist: Vehicle Approach, Entry and Position, Mirror Adjustment, Blind Spots,
Starting the Vehicle
• Basic Control I, No traffic environment: Before Moving Forward, Forward Movement and
Steering, Braking, Stopping, Stopping Distance
• Basic Control II, No traffic environment: Basic Search, Accelerating, Turning, Backing, Exiting
and Securing the Vehicle
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environment: No-traffic environment (empty parking lot)
Materials and Equipment: Training Vehicle
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to practice vehicle approach, entry, position, exit and basic driving
maneuvers.
Use the checklists to practice each procedure. Annotate problem areas and conduct the procedures, in
order, until they are mastered.
Conduct extensive practice on “searching” and looking WHERE you want the vehicle to go. Watch the
novice driver’s eyes and practice looking ahead in the path of travel (not directly in front of the vehicle
or at the controls) in a no traffic environment.
This activity is recommended to be conducted during 3 (1) hour sessions. If it takes longer, dedicate
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to enter a more complex
environment until they have mastered all of these skills without traffic.

Drive 1: BASIC CONTROL Checklist (Page 1 of 4)
No-traffic Environment: Empty Parking Lot
Vehicle Approach
Keys in hand
Searches around vehicle for obstacles, debris, potholes, fluids leaking from the vehicle
Notices direction of front wheels – adjusts direction of tires before moving
Checks tires for proper inflation
Ensures lights and windows are clean and clear
Checks for traffic, pedestrians, pets (any other road users sharing the area around the vehicle)
Entry and Position
Unlocks, enters, relocks doors

Places key in the ignition
Gets is proper position to operate the pedals and brake
Places foot on brake so it is possible to pivot foot to the accelerator
Adjusts seat, steering column and pedals (positioned at least 10”-12” from the steering wheel)
Adjusts head restraint so the top of the restraint is higher than the ears
Secures cargo
Mirror Adjustments
Rear-view mirror
Adjusts so there is a complete view of the rear window
Side Rear-view mirrors

Maximizes view to the sides
Left rear-view mirror

Leans to the left and tilts head until it touches the left window. Sees the edge of the back left side of
the vehicle.
Blind Spots
Checks blind spots frequently with quick glances over shoulders to the left and right every maneuver
or lane change
Vehicle Start
Inserts the ignition key

Turns the key one click
Observes warning lights
Turns ignition switch to start
Places foot on the brake, allows the engine to idle
Rechecks gauges
Ensures low-beam lights (or day-time running lights) are on
NOTES

Before Moving Forward
Identifies operating space and checks to be sure it is clear

Places foot on the brake, moves gear lever to DRIVE
Releases parking brake
With foot on the brake, checks for traffic ahead and to the sides
Checks rear-view mirror and both side-view mirrors
Checks right blind spot and left blind spot
Grips steering wheel in the 8 O'clock and 4 O'clock steering position
Signals intention to enter the left lane with left-turn signal
Checks mirrors again for obstacles and hazards
Forward Movement and Steering
Targets a reference point at the far end of the parking lot

Activates left turn signal
When there is no traffic, proceeds
Foot still on the brake, gradually lets up and allows the vehicle to move forward
Accelerates slightly
Practices smooth steering movements
Looks where the vehicle is going
Braking
Targets the spot where you want the vehicle to stop

Applies brake with a steady even pressure until the vehicle comes to a smooth stop
Stopping
Demonstrates “Stopping” to the point where the vehicle is not traveling forward
Basic Search Pattern
Demonstrates search ahead – line of sight without obstruction, at center of traffic path
Looks ahead 15 seconds
Checks rear-view mirror
Looks ahead in path and searches sides of the roadway for possible hazards
Looks ahead
Checks dashboard for speed and warnings
Looks ahead
Checks side view mirrors
Repeats cycle
Acceleration
Keeps heel on the floor and uses toes to apply pressure to the accelerator
NOTES

Turning
Before turning, searches for traffic, pedestrians or other obstacles in the travel path
Positions vehicle in the proper lane
Searches intersection for traffic in all directions
Searches mirrors and blind spots
Gets in proper lane position
Signals intention to turn
Reduces speed – slows to about 10 miles per hour before arriving at the intersection
Left Turn
Positions vehicle about four feet from the curb

Checks right and left before turning
Looks to the right, through the turn to the furthest point
Begins to turn the steering wheel when the vehicle’s front wheels are even with the corner of the
intersection
Right Turn
Positions vehicle four feet from the curb

Checks right and left
Looks right through the turn to the furthest point
Begins to turn the steering wheel at the corner of the intersection
Checks blind spots and mirrors for obstructions
Steers into the nearest lane
Accelerates gently about half way into the turn
When the turn is complete, returns the steering wheel to the straight position
Rechecks mirrors
Steering Techniques
Tracks the path of travel through the turn before maneuver
Demonstrates two steering techniques in the parking lot to develop muscle memory:
Hand-over-hand: 9 o’clock and 3 o’clock position

Push-pull 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock position
NOTES

Backing
Places foot on the brake, shifts the vehicle to REVERSE

Turns body to the right, places right hand on the top of or behind the passenger seat
Looks back through the rear window
Left hand at the top of the steering wheel
Steers in the direction the back of the vehicle should go
If turning and backing, leaves extra space on the side for the front of the vehicle to swing out
Keeps eyes to the rear, depresses brake, comes to a smooth stop
Turns and looks forward only after complete stop
Exiting and Securing the Vehicle
With foot on the brake, sets the parking brake

Shift gears to PARK
Turns off lights and accessories, including air conditioner
Closes windows
Places ignition in LOCKED position
Removes key
Scans mirrors and blind spots for hazards
Exits toward the rear of the vehicle
Locks vehicle
NOTES

Drive 2: Searching
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Print the following page and take it with you in the vehicle.
Training Environment: Quiet residential rural area neighborhood with very low traffic and controlled
(4-way stop, signaled) intersections.
Discussion Topics:
• Communicating: Turn Signals, Lights and Brakes, Horn, Vehicle Position and Body Movement
• Searching
• Judging Time and Distance
• Managing Space
• Turning in Traffic
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to practice:

• Communication (signals, lights, brakes)
• Searching
• Judging time and distance
• Managing space
• Turning in traffic
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to enter a more complex
environment until they have mastered all of these skills in a low traffic environment.

Drive 2: SEARCHING Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Low-traffic Environment – Rural/Residential
Communication
Signals far enough ahead so other drivers can make adjustments in speed and direction
When seeing brake lights ahead, slightly taps on brakes
Uses low-beam headlights
Uses emergency flashes when in trouble
Uses horn to warn other road users of hazardous situation
Positions vehicle before turning
Uses hand gestures as a courtesy
Demonstrates courtesy by giving the right-of-way
Searching
Actively searches entire environment ahead 20-30 seconds

Identifies escape path ahead
Maintains a safe (4-8 second) following distance
Able to “predict” what is happening far ahead in travel path
Glances continuously at mirrors
Makes good decisions based on analysis of the situation
Space Management
Identifies safe gaps in traffic

Searches ahead 20-30 seconds
Maintains a three to four second following distance between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead
Identifies a 12-15 second visual control zone ahead and to the sides – plans an escape route
Plans a five second stopping zone inside the visual control zone
In bad weather or if poor road conditions exist, leaves more space on all sides to make adjustments
Checks rear prior to slowing
Adjusts speed or position if you cannot see the recommended distance ahead
Anticipates safe gaps ahead and to the sides
Turning in Traffic
Searches ahead, to the sides and rear

Looks ahead through path of travel
Steers into proper lane
Adjusts speed and lane position
Turns steering wheel smoothly
Accelerates to appropriate speed, checks traffic
NOTES

Drive 3: Reversing Direction and Parking
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Print the following pages and take them with you in the vehicle.
Training Environments: (1) Quiet residential rural area neighborhood with very low traffic, wide
streets or a dead-end wide enough to conduct two- and three-point turns. (2) Empty parking lot with
perpendicular parking spaces and space with a curb to practice parallel parking.
Discussion Topics:
• Two-point turn process
• Space to maneuver
• Vehicle turn radius
• Three-point turn process
• U-turns
• Parking tips
• Angled parking – Entering and exiting
• Perpendicular parking – Entering and exiting
• Parallel parking – Entering and exiting
• Parking on inclines

• Maneuvers used to safely reverse direction
• Parking maneuvers and skills
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to reverse direction or park in a
busy traffic environment until they have mastered all of these skills in a low or non-traffic environment.

Drive 3: Reversing Direction and Parking Checklist (Page 1 of 3)
Low-traffic Environment (Rural/Residential) and Empty Parking Lot
Two-Point Turn (use an unobstructed driveway)
Drives past the driveway and stops

Places vehicle in REVERSE and backs into the driveway
Stops and places vehicle in DRIVE
Signals, searches, turns and re-enters street
Three-point Turn
Checks traffic ahead, to the rear, and over your right shoulder and steer towards the right curb
Turns on left turn signal
Checks rear view mirror, left side mirror and blind spot
Turns steering wheel hard to the left
Slowly accelerates forward
Stops just short of the curb
As stopping, counter-steers sharply to the right
Places vehicle in REVERSE
Turns steering wheel sharply right while backing until vehicle is in position to go forward in right lane
Stops, places vehicle in DRIVE
Checks mirrors for traffic to the rear
Proceeds forward in lane.
U-Turn at Intersection
Checks for signs that prohibit a u-turn

Positions vehicle in right side of left lane
Identifies safe gap in traffic
Turns steering wheel SHARPLY to the left and slowly executes turn into opposing right lane
Straightens wheels and checks mirrors for traffic to the sides and rear
Angled Parking (Entering)
Signals intention to park

Moves toward empty parking space until the parking space line closest to the vehicle is clearly visible
Turns wheels and slowly enters space
Centers vehicle and straightens wheels
Stops before striking curb
Sets parking brake
Angled Parking (Exiting)
Gives right-of-way to traffic already moving in the lane

Searches for large open gap in traffic
Foot on brake, releases parking brake
Slowly backs up straight
When front of vehicle passes the rear bumper of the vehicle on the left, turns steering wheel to right
Eyes to the rear, backs smoothly into lane
Brakes to stop as wheels are straightened
Places vehicle in DRIVE and accelerates slowly

Perpendicular Parking (Entering)
Signals intention as you approach the space

Positions vehicle with plenty of space to turn in
Drives very slowly until the stall line closest to the front of vehicle is completely visible
Steers vehicle to the center of the space
Checks the back and sides to be sure you are not about to hit the side of another vehicle
Straightens wheels
Stops when the front of vehicle is parallel with the fronts of other vehicles in the lot
Sets parking brake, shifts to park, turns off lights and accessories
Carefully exits vehicle – does NOT open door into the side of another vehicle - locks vehicle
Perpendicular parking (Exiting)
Exits the perpendicular parking space using the same procedure as exiting angled space
Parking Uphill With a Curb
Positions vehicle parallel to the curb, approximately 12" away from the curb
Turns wheels sharply in the direction away from the curb
Place vehicle gear in NEUTRAL, rolls back until the tires touch the curb
Parking Uphill Without a Curb
Positions vehicle parallel to the curb, approximately 12" away from the curb
Turns wheels sharply in the direction of the edge of the road
Moves forward and stop at the edge of the road
Parking Downhill With or Without a Curb
Positions vehicle parallel to the curb or edge of the road, approximately 12" away
Turns wheels sharply in the direction of the edge of the road
Moves forward and stops when the tires touch the curb or edge of the road
NOTES

Parallel Parking (Entering)
Locates space one and a half times the length of the vehicle
Checks traffic to the front and to the rear
Signals intention to park by tapping on the brakes and activating right turn signal
Releases accelerator and applies smooth, firm pressure on the brake until stopped
Positions right side of vehicle parallel to the parked vehicles with about three feet of space
Stops beside the vehicle parked in front of the space
Keeps foot on the brake and shifts into REVERSE
Backs up, turning the steering wheel sharply to the right
Looks to the rear
Backs up slowly until center door post lines up with the back left corner of the vehicle on your right
Straightens wheels and backs slowly down until the right front corner of your vehicle is in line with
the left rear corner of the vehicle on your right
Stops, turns steering wheel to the left as far as it will go
Continues looking to the rear and backing until two feet from the vehicle behind you
Foot on the brake, changes gears into DRIVE
Slowly moves forward until your vehicle has equal space between the vehicle in front and behind
Sets parking brake - Exits and secures vehicle
Parallel Parking (Exiting)
Foot on the brake, starts engine, signals intentions, shifts to REVERSE

Checks traffic to the back and in the lane you are about to enter
Checks blind spot
Searches for traffic obstacles in the lane you are about to enter
Backs slowly until you are within inches of the vehicle behind you
Foot still on the brake, places vehicle into DRIVE
Turns the steering wheel sharply toward the lane you are entering
Slowly releases brake and moves forward into the lane
When front bumper of your vehicle clears the rear of the vehicle occupying the parking space in front
of you, driver straightens wheels and continues moving forward slowly
When the center of vehicle is in line with the rear of the vehicle in front of you, driver turns steering
wheel gradually in the direction of your path of travel
Searches roadway ahead and adjusts speed to the traffic flow
NOTES

Drive 4: Multi-Lane Roads I
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Print the following pages and take them with you in the vehicle.
Training Environments: Locate a low-traffic multi-lane roadway with a left turn lane, a controlled
intersection with multiple turn lanes, and a speed limit of 25-35 miles per hour. Select an area that you
are familiar with so you don’t have to worry about directions or getting lost. Practice these skills at a
time when the road is not busy.
Discussion Topics:
• Visual search zone
• Visual control zone
• Following distance
• Stopping zone
• Entering traffic at an intersection
• Turning right into an intersection from a parking lot or side street
• Turning left into an intersection from a parking lot or side street
• Changing lanes
• Shared left turn lanes
• Multiple turn lanes at an intersection
• Situational awareness

• Visual search
• Safe following distance
• Maneuvering through complex intersections
• Changing lanes on multilane roadways
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to drive on multi-lane roadways in
a busy traffic environment until they have mastered all of these skills in a low or non-traffic
environment.

Drive 4: Multi-lane Roadways Checklist (Page 1 of 2)
Low-traffic Multiple Lane Roadway with Complex Intersection
Visual Search Skills
Continuously scans ahead to the sides and to the rear

Demonstrates safe visual search zone (at 25-35 m.p.h., scans ahead approximately two city blocks)
Identifies hazards and obstacles 12-15 seconds ahead
Following Distance
Demonstrates two second following distance

Demonstrates three second following distance
Demonstrates four second following distance
Maintains safe distance from vehicle ahead
Stopping Zone
Demonstrates safe stopping zone of four to five seconds in front of vehicle
Entering Traffic at an Intersection
Begins approach to an intersection by searching ahead and looking into the intersection
Searches for cross traffic and checks mirrors for traffic to sides and behind
Identifies large gap in traffic with enough time to turn and accelerate to speed of traffic
Enters traffic from stopped position, gives right-of-way to vehicles, pedestrians, and through traffic
Identifies travel path, keeps eyes moving
Accelerates to the speed of traffic
Turning Right into an Intersection from a Parking Lot or Side Street
Searches ahead, in the rear-view mirror and side mirrors for traffic to sides and back
Stops before entering the intersection
Signals intention to turn right
Searches intersection for a gap in traffic going in the direction you are about to travel
Searches the path you are about to travel - scans well down the roadway for obstacles
When traffic is clear, accelerates and turns into the right lane of the multi-lane roadway
Establishes vehicle in the center of the lane and accelerates to the speed limit
Turning Left into an Intersection from a Parking Lot or Side Street
While stopped, searches intersection for a safe gap in traffic to the left and to the right
Checks ahead, rear-view mirror, and side mirrors for traffic to sides and back
Signals intention to turn left
Searches the travel path
When traffic is clear, accelerates and follows travel path
Crosses the intersection and turns left into the lane closest to the center lane
Positions vehicle in the center of the lane and accelerates to the speed limit

Drive 4: Multi-lane Roadways Checklist (Page 2 of 2)
Low-traffic Multiple Lane Roadway with Complex Intersection
Changing Lanes
Searches ahead, to the sides and behind vehicle

Identifies a safe gap in the traffic lane you want to enter
Checks mirrors and blind spots
Signals intention to change lanes
Conducts another search ahead, to the sides and behind vehicle
Re-checks blind spot in the direction you are about to maneuver
Gradually steers in the desired direction
Adjusts speed to the flow of traffic
Cancels turn signal
Shared Left Turn Lane
Searches well ahead for vehicles already occupying the center turn lane
Checks mirrors
Signals intention to turn left
Rechecks rear-view mirror, left side mirror and left blind spot
When traffic is clear, adjusts speed and moves into the shared left turn lane
Identifies a safe gap in oncoming traffic to turn
Executes the left turn and cancels signal
Multiple Turn Lanes at an Intersection
Searches intersection and the roadway for traffic controls, pedestrians, and other hazards
Identifies multiple turn lanes and road markings
Searches ahead, to the rear and to the sides
Adjusts speed and positions vehicle in appropriate turn lane
During approach to the intersection, continues to search for pedestrians and conflicts – watches for
oncoming vehicles that are turning in the same direction
NOTES

Drive 5: Curves and Hazards
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environments: Locate a low-traffic multi-lane roadway with several curves. Do not select a
road with a steep incline or small shoulder. Practice these skills at a time when the road is not busy.
Discussion Topics:
• Forward Motion
• Traction
• Speed and Weight Transfer
• Approaching a Curve
• Driving Through a Curve
• Posted Speeds
• Highway Conditions
• Predicting the Actions of Other Road Users (other drivers, pedestrians, animals and bicyclists)
• Approaching a curve
• Driving through a curve
• Predicting the actions of other road users
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to drive in areas with curved
roads in inclement weather or with opposing traffic until they have mastered the skills in this activity.

Drive 5: Curves and Hazards Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Low-traffic Multiple Lane Roadway with Curves and Other Road Users
Approaching a Curve
Continuously scans ahead for approaching curves

Identifies the posted speed limit and advance warning signs
Adjusts speed prior to entering the curve
Identifies travel path and searches through the curve for obstacles
Driving Through a Curve
Enters the curve at the posted speed - If traction conditions are poor, reduces speed further
Releases the brake and maintains speed with the accelerator
Looks where the vehicle is traveling - through the curve as far as possible
Creates a cushion of safe space behind the vehicle ahead
Steers smoothly through the curve
Maintains lane position
When line of sight extends down the straight roadway ahead, straightens steering wheel
Accelerates to a safe or posted speed of traffic
Predicting the Actions of Other Road Users
Predicts potential conflicts with other vehicles such as large trucks or motorcycles
Avoids driving in “packs” of other vehicles
Travels at a safe following distance behind the vehicle ahead
Scans for pedestrians, joggers and bicyclists sharing the roadway
Gives the right-of-way to pedestrians and bicyclists
Obeys speed limit in school zones
Identifies distracted drivers - adjusts speed and space to avoid potential conflicts
Identifies speeding and aggressive drivers - adjusts speed and space to avoid potential conflicts
Identifies mature drivers - adjusts speed and space to avoid potential conflicts
NOTES

Drive 6: Multi-lane Roadways II
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environments: Locate a medium traffic multi-lane roadway with complex intersections. Do
not practice these skills during rush hour.
Discussion Topics:
• Traffic Controls
• Adjusting speed and space
• Advanced searching at uncontrolled intersections
• Advanced searching at controlled intersections
• Searching in poor visibility and when sharing the road with large vehicles
• Safe following distance when hazards are present
• Managing space to the sides and behind the vehicle
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to practice the following skills in a complex driving environment:
• Advanced searching
• Time and speed management
• Space management
• Communication
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to drive in complex driving
environments with traffic until they have mastered the skills in this activity.

Drive 6: Multi-lane Roadways II Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Medium Traffic, Multiple Lane Roadway with Complex Intersections and Other Road Users
Traffic Controls
Successfully searches and recognizes signs, signals and road markings well ahead of an intersection
Adjusts speed as speed limits change
Scans through and to the sides of intersections well in advance
Before entering an intersection, looks left, right and left again
Observes others to determine if they are following traffic control messages
Visibility Blocked by Large Vehicle
Adjusts speed (drops back) or re-positions vehicle to obtain clear, unobstructed view
Avoids traveling in truck and other vehicle blind spots “no-zones”
Controlled Intersection with Multiple Turn Lanes
Searches the intersection and the roadway for traffic controls, pedestrians, and other users
If you need to change lanes, checks blind spot in the direction you are about to maneuver
Signals intentions
When there is a safe gap, changes lanes
Identifies multiple turn lanes and watches for road markings
Searches ahead, to the rear and to the sides
Checks the signal and estimates when it will change
Adjusts speed and vehicle position to minimize conflicts
Following Distance
Creates a following distance greater than two seconds when:

Traction and visibility are reduced
A driver behind you is trying to pass
Following a large truck or vehicle with limited rear vision
Following a large vehicle that is blocking your view of the road ahead
Following motorcycles
Stopped on a hill or incline
Dealing with a uncontrolled distraction
Managing Space to the Sides
Searches mirrors for side conflicts

Creates space for merging vehicles
Managing Space Behind
Maintains a smooth, steady speed

Communicates intention to stop or slow by tapping the brake
NOTES

Drive 7: Expressway Driving
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environments: Locate an expressway with an interchange during a low traffic time. Select a
familiar area. Do not practice these skills during rush hour.
Discussion Topics:
• Expressway characteristics
• Safety at High Speeds
• Entering Expressways
• Driving on Expressways
• Passing and Being Passed
• Exiting Expressways
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to practice the following skills while driving on an expressway:
• Merging
• Exiting
• Communication
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to drive on a medium or high
traffic expressway until they have mastered the skills in this activity.

Drive 7: Expressway Driving Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Low Traffic, Multiple Lane Expressway with Interchanges
Entering Expressways
Successfully searches and identifies signs well ahead of interchange

Adjusts speed
Enters entrance ramp acceleration lane scanning ahead, to the back and to the side
Locates safe gap to merge
Accelerates to speed of traffic
Signals
Checks gap, checks mirrors and blind spot
Maintains speed
Merges smoothly
Cancels signal
Rechecks mirrors
Adjusts speed to the speed of traffic
Expressway Driving
Stays focused
Conducts continuous advance search
Doesn’t cross solid yellow or white lines
Drives at appropriate speed
Scans mirrors for drivers speeding and weaving
Avoids being in the middle of a “pack” of traffic
Goes with the flow of traffic without exceeding the speed limit
Signals intention to change lanes
Checks mirrors and blind spot before changing lanes
Changes lanes smoothly
Selects appropriate travel lane
Maintains at least a two to four second following distance
Avoids traveling in truck “no-zones”
Adjusts speed and position when encountering limited visibility
Passes with adequate space
Maintains steady speed
Changes lanes well in advance of exit ramp
Exiting Expressways
Plans exit in advance

Signals, changes lanes and positions vehicle in exit lane
Signals intention to exit ½ mile prior to exit
Checks mirrors
Exits smoothly
Adjusts speed in de-acceleration lane
Maintains safe cushion of space ahead and behind
Searches for conflicts
NOTES

Drive 8: Sharing the Road
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environments: Locate an assortment of driving environments that have pedestrian traffic,
bicyclists, motorcyclists, buses and large trucks. Select familiar areas such as a busy grocery store
parking lot or neighborhood shopping plaza.
Discussion Topics – Characteristics of:
• Pedestrians – children, elderly, handicapped

• Bicyclists – children and adult
• Motorcyclists
• Buses – School and Inner-city
• Large trucks
• Service vehicles
• “No-Zones”
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to practice the following skills while sharing the road with other road
users:
• Focused coordination
• Distraction management
• Communication
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to drive in congested areas that
require advance searching, time and space management skills until they have mastered the skills in
this activity.
Drive 8: Sharing the Road Checklist (Page 1 of 1)

Busy Shopping Area - Congested Traffic, Multiple Road Users
Sharing the Road
Gives the right-of-way to pedestrians

Scans around and behind other vehicles for the unexpected
Checks mirrors and blind spots before backing
Demonstrates patience and courtesy
Communicates to other road users (hand signals, turn signals)
Prepares to stop in advance when school buses are present
Changes lanes in advance to avoid being trapped behind commercial buses
Avoids traveling in truck or service vehicle “no-zones”

Drive 9: Rural Driving and Passing
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environment: Rural two lane highway. Select a familiar, straight road with signs, clear lane
markings, high visibility, occasional roadside business (countryside village) and limited traffic.
Discussion Topics:
• Rural road conditions

• High speeds related to long stopping distance
• Warning signs
• Slow moving vehicles (farm equipment, horse and buggy)
• Roadside business traffic
• Speed limits – speed traps
• The benefits of passing another vehicle
• Passing procedure
• Being passed
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to practice the following skills while driving on rural two-lane
roadways:
• Decision making
• Communication
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to drive in rural areas that require
advance searching, time and space management skills until they have mastered the skills in this
activity.

Drive 9: Rural Driving Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Familiar Rural Two Lane Highway with Occasional Roadside Business - Limited Traffic
Searching
Searches well ahead for traffic conflicts, hidden intersections and other road users
Recognizes and obeys signs and road markings
Passing
Identifies passing, no-passing lane markings and signs

Determines safe passing zone
Searches for oncoming vehicles and other conflicts
Checks mirrors to the side, behind and blind spot
Signals lane change
Accelerates, changes lane and cancels signal
Smoothly overtakes the vehicle
Checks rear-view mirror for both headlights of the vehicle just passed
Signals lane change to right
Checks right-side mirror and right blind spot
Maneuvers to right lane when it is clear
Maintains speed
Cancels signal
Being Passed
Positions vehicle in right side of lane

Maintains speed
After being passed, slows to increase gap ahead if appropriate
NOTES

Drive 10: Hazardous Conditions
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Print these pages and take it with you in the vehicle.
Training Environments: Reduced traction, reduced visibility, assorted elevation and terrain: Wet
roads, sunset, night, ice, snow, hills or mountains, desert
Discussion Topics:
• Reduced traction
• Hydroplaning
• Reduced visibility
• Low- and high-beam headlights
• Night vision
• Glare
• Managing speed uphill
• Managing speed downhill
• Winter driving
• Desert driving
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to practice the following skills while driving in hazardous conditions:
• Skid detection and recovery

• Glare management
• Proper use of low- and high-beam headlights
• Managing speed with reduced visibility
• Managing speed uphill and downhill
• Managing speed around sharp curves
the appropriate time to master these skills. DO NOT allow the novice to drive in hazardous conditions
until they have mastered the skills in this activity.

Drive 10: Hazardous Conditions Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Assorted reduced traction and low visibility environments
Wet Weather Driving
Performs routine maintenance – checks tire tread, windshield wipers and washer fluid
Manages speed to maintain traction
Uses headlights
Uses wipers as soon as it starts raining
Searches well ahead for vehicles without headlights on
Reduces speed with poor visibility
Night Driving
Demonstrates proper use of low- and high-beam headlights

Adjusts rear-view mirror to manage glare
Searches for oncoming vehicles and other conflicts
Increases following distance
Adjusts speed as visibility changes
Driving Uphill
Maintains speed
Checks gauges
Slows at crest of hill
Driving Downhill
Downshifts into lower gear

Does not “ride” brakes
Increases following distance
Avoids driving in front of large trucks
Blind Curves
Stays to right side of lane

Slows to marked speed limit (goes slower in less than ideal conditions)
Signals to other drivers around blind curve by tapping horn
Turns off stereo and listens for other drivers signaling
Winter Driving
Warms up engine before driving

Applies “gentle” pressure to accelerator
Demonstrates smooth steering
NOTES

Drive 11: Emergency Maneuvers
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Print these pages and take it with you in the vehicle.
Training Environments: (1) Straight, dry, hard surfaced, UNTRAVELED two-lane road, with good
shoulder – shoulder level at same height as roadway, with no obstacles (to practice off-road recovery).
(2) EMPTY parking lot with at least 500 feet of clear space (to practice steering and braking to avoid a
crash). (3) If you are in a winter climate, locate a slick EMPTY parking lot (to practice skid recovery)
Discussion Topics:
• Being secured and in position for a crash

• Off-road recovery
• Steering and braking to avoid a crash
• Skid Recovery
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to practice the following skills to practice emergency maneuvers:
• Off-road recovery
• Steering and braking to avoid a crash
• Skid recovery
These activities should only be performed in safe conditions. These activities are designed to IMPROVE
handling skills of an experienced novice driver. Dedicate the appropriate time to master these skills.
DEMONSTRATE THESE SKILLS BEFORE ALLOWING the novice to practice. DO NOT allow the novice to
perform practice on these maneuvers in an environment with traffic. DO NOT allow them to conduct
these maneuvers unless you are confident they are experienced enough to perform these maneuvers
safely. At this juncture, over 45 hours of progressive, structured supervised practice has occurred. If
further practice is required to master advanced control skills, do not conduct this session.

Drive 11: Emergency Maneuvers Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Environments:
(1) Straight, dry, hard surfaced, UNTRAVELED two-lane road, with good shoulder – shoulder
level at same height as roadway, with no obstacles (to practice off-road recovery)
(2) EMPTY parking lot with at least 500 feet of clear space (to practice steering and braking
to avoid a crash)
(3) If you are in a winter climate, locate a slick EMPTY parking lot (to practice skid recovery)
1. Off-Road Recovery – Slow practice 10 m.p.h.
Both hands in low-hand steering position

With no traffic, slows to 10 mph and takes foot off accelerator
Signals
Steers off the roadway until the center of the vehicle is in line with the edge of the roadway
Maintains speed
Signals intention to return to roadway
Checks for oncoming traffic and for traffic to the rear
Locates a safe gap to re-enter the roadway
Turns the steering wheel no more than an eighth of a turn towards the roadway – does not
over-correct or “jerk” the wheel towards the center of the roadway
As soon as the front right tire returns to the roadway, turns the wheel sharply to the right to enter
the lane without crossing over
Returns wheel to center position
2. Steering and Braking to Avoid an (Imaginary) Obstacle Ahead – Slow practice 10 m.p.h.
Depresses brake to reduce speed

Checks mirrors for a clear path
Eases off of the brake
Grasps the steering wheel firmly, steers quickly but not forcefully.
Looks and steers with precise, concise control in the direction you want the vehicle to go – being
cautious not to steer into another hazard
Does not cross lanes into oncoming traffic
Stabilizes the vehicle and returns to lane
3. Skid Recovery
Takes foot off of the brake or eases off the accelerator until the vehicle regains traction
Looks and steers (using push-pull) in the direction you want to go
NOTES

Drive 12: Travel Preparation
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environments: Home Driveway or garage
Materials and Equipment: Student Handout Unit 8, Maps, Directions, Owner’s Manual (reference
load and tire pressure recommendations)
Discussion Topics:
• Route planning
• Planning travel time
• Packing – weight distribution, load limits
• Driver preparation
• Fatigue
• Supplies
• Emergencies and emergency assistance
• Personal safety away from home
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to recognize the importance of pre-planning and practice vehicle
preparation for long trip.
These activities do not require traveling or driving. This is an exercise in being prepared for a journey
away from home. Select a destination and create a travel scenario – Have your driver make the travel
preparations for your review and critique!
Drive 12: Travel Preparation Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Pre-planning
Checks long range weather forecast

Obtains maps and plans safe route
Estimates travel time – plans safe stopping locations
Budgets for fuel, lodging and other expenses
Vehicle Preparation
Checks fuel
Checks oil
Checks tire inflation
Checks windshield washer fluid
Packing
Packs emergency equipment

References weight and load limitations in Owner’s Manual
Does not obstruct rear window
Distributes weight at bottom of vehicle
Secures cargo

Drive 13: Driving Other Vehicles
In-Vehicle ACTIVITY
Training Environments: Local neighborhood, light traffic
Materials and Equipment: Student Handout Unit 8, Assorted vehicle types (SUV, light truck, vehicle
similar to one that is familiar (different make or model to recognize similarities and differences)
Discussion Topics:
• Vehicle control familiarization

• Primary and secondary controls
• Test drive – turning radius, braking system, visibility and blind spots
• How center of gravity affects performance (SUVs, Vans, Trucks)
• Towing a trailer – skills and equipment
Goal: The goal of this exercise is to recognize the handling characteristics of different vehicles.
These activities are recommended but not required if there is no unfamiliar vehicle available. An in-
depth discussion should still take place between the coach and novice driver.
Drive 12: Driving Other Vehicles Checklist (Page 1 of 1)
Vehicle Familiarization
Conducts walk around and pre-drive inspection

Checks tire inflation and condition of tires
Adjusts mirrors, head restraint and seat position
Locates emergency brake
Becomes familiar with light controls, windshield wiper switch and HVAC unit
Checks warning lights, fuel gauge and speedometer
Checks blind spots
Conducts test drive on acceleration, turning radius, brakes and visibility
NOTES

Driving Contract
Financial Responsibility
I will be responsible for the following costs associated with the vehicle:
___Purchase/loan cost ___Registration ___Insurance
___Maintenance ___Fuel ___Damage
Other: _____________________________________________________
Maintenance Responsibility
I will be responsible for the following routine vehicle maintenance:
___Wash and wax ___Check tire pressure ___Check fluids
___Clean interior ___Clean windows ___Inspect exterior
Other: _____________________________________________________
Curfew
I agree to be home at designated times and communicate my purpose for each driving trip. If I am
delayed or encounter a problem, I will call before the curfew expires and request help.
Alcohol and Drugs

I will never drive after using alcohol or drugs and never ride with an impaired driver.
Safety Belts
I will always use my safety belt and never put the vehicle in motion unless all passengers are buckled-
up. Children under 12 will always travel and be secured in the back seat.
Passengers and Distractions

I will never drive with more than one friend with me in the vehicle and I will never eat or use my cell
phone while the vehicle is in motion.
Rules of the Road

I will obey the rules of the road. I won’t exceed the speed limit or drive aggressively. If I violate the
rules of the road and receive a citation, I will be responsible for the consequences.
Personal Safety
I will plan my route in advance. I will drive in safe environments, park only in safe locations and always
secure the vehicle.
I accept full legal responsibility for my actions as a driver.

This agreement is made by:
Novice Driver Signature Parent / Coach Signature
Month Day Year

NOTES


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Welcome to the IDriveSafely Parent/Coach Guide!

Copyright, IDriveSafely 2006 Parent/Coach Guide

Copyright, IDriveSafely 2006 Parent/Coach Guide

Tip #2 Establish Guidelines and Agreements. Implement parent-teen and parent-parent

Tip #3 Be a Good Role Model.

• Obey the rules-of-the-road.

• Conduct a constant, thorough “search” of the roadway ahead.

Copyright, IDriveSafely 2006 Parent/Coach Guide

• Set standards and if possible, stick to your schedule.

How it works for the coach…

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How it works for the novice driver…

The Driving Contract

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Unit 2 The Road

Unit 3 The Driver

Unit 4 The Vehicle

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Unit 6 Intermediate Driving

Unit 7 Advanced Driving

Unit 8 Using Your Vehicle for Travel

The Course Map

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Copyright, IDriveSafely 2006 Parent/Coach Guide

- Graduated Licensing (GDL)

1. Driving is a privilege – How easily it can be taken away.

2. Courtesy – Your social responsibility.

3. Surviving the drive – A game plan for avoiding collisions.

Copyright, IDriveSafely 2006 Parent/Coach Guide

Time: Day, night, dusk

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Materials and Equipment:

1. Types of signs: regulatory, warning and guide signs

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Materials and Equipment: Training Vehicle

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• Current DMV Handbook

- Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs

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Materials and Equipment:

• Water soluble chalk

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Copyright, IDriveSafely 2006 Parent/Coach Guide

Materials and Equipment:

• Training Vehicle (with dirty windows and low on fuel)

3. Demonstrate the vehicle start procedure:

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Materials and Equipment: Student Handout Unit 5, Training Vehicle

Materials and Equipment: Training Vehicle

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Entry and Position

Unlocks, enters, relocks doors

Side Rear-view mirrors

Left rear-view mirror

Inserts the ignition key

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Before Moving Forward

Identifies operating space and checks to be sure it is clear

Forward Movement and Steering

Targets a reference point at the far end of the parking lot