Experiment No: 5: Measurement of Co-Efficient of Discharge For An Orifice Meter

EXPERIMENT NO: 5
AIM: MEASUREMENT OF CO-EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE FOR AN

ORIFICE METER AND V-NOTCH
Objective:
1) To understand the terms "Orifice, co-efficient of contraction, co-efficient of velocity and

co-efficient of discharge".
2) To determine the co-efficient of contraction, co-efficient of velocity and co-efficient of

discharge of an orifice meter under a constant head.
Outcomes of the experiment:
 After performing this practical you will be able to determine co-efficient of contraction
(Cc), co-efficient of velocity (Cv) and co-efficient of discharge (Cd). These co-efficient in
practice, are very useful in solving the problem of flow measurement.
 By using the co-efficient, we can determine actual area of jet at venacontracta, actual
velocity of jet and actual discharge through orifice.
DESCRIPTION:
 As the liquid leaves the orifice, it contracts and attains contraction at a distance of
about 'd/2' from the plane of the orifice. Here all the streamlines become parallel.
The cross-section is called -'VENACONTRACTA''. The ratio of cross-sectional
area of jet at venacontracta to the cross-sectional area of orifice is called co-
efficient of contraction (Cc).
 The ratio of actual velocity of jet at venacontracta to the theoretical velocity is called
co-efficient of velocity (Cv).
 The ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge is called co-efficient of
discharge (Cd)
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1) Supply tank with level indicator.

2) By-pass channel.
3) Measuring tank.
4) Circular orifice of ________ diameter.
5) X and Y co-efficient measuring device.
6) Stop-watch.
Experimental set-up:
Experimental procedure:
1) Open the supply valve (Sv) and maintain a constant head in the supply tank by watching
level indicator.
2) Measure the supply head "H' in the supply tank above the centre of orifice.
3) Take the reading of 'X' and' Y' co-ordinate at venacontracta with the help of 'X' and'
Y' co-ordinate measuring unit.
4) Collect the water (discharge) passing over a channel in the measuring tank.
5) Measure the discharge for ________ seconds.
6) Take five (05) sets of readings by repeating the steps 1 to 5.
7) Record the observations in observation table and compute results.
OBSERVATION TABLE
Diameter of orifice = ________ cm.
Cross-sectional area of orifice, a =__________ cm2
Cross-sectional area of measuring tank, A = ____________ cm2

Reading Head over Co-ordinate Measuring tank reading Time ‘T’
No. the orifice Measurement Sec
'H' cm
'X' cm 'Y' cm Initial Final Diff 'D'
cm cm cm
1
2
3
4
.5
Calculation :
1. H1/2= ------
2. cm3/s
3. Qth= √
4. Cd = Qact./Qth.
5. Cv = √√
6. Cc = Cd / Cv
Result table:
Reading H1/2 Cd=Qact./Qth
Qth= √ √ Cc=Cd/Cv
in cm3/s Cv=
√
1
2
3
4
5
PLOT A GRAPH:
CONCLUSION (Write in your own words):
THEORY (for V notch):

Flow meters used in pipes introduce an obstruction into the flow which results in a
measurable pressure drop that in turn is related to the volume flow rate. In an open
channel, flow rate can be measured similarly by introducing an obstruction into the flow. A
simple obstruction, called a weir, consists of a vertical plate extending the entire width of the
channel. The plate may have an opening, usually rectangular, trapezoidal, or triangular. The
use of a weir to measure flow rate in an open channel is the subject of this experiment.
A notch is an opening in the side of a measuring tank or reservoir extending above

the free surface. A weir is a notch on a large scale, used for example, to measure the
flow of a river and may be sharp edged or have a substantial breadth in the direction of
flow.
A triangular notch is an ordinary plate having a triangular or V-shaped opening and
water is discharged through this opening only. For measuring low discharge, a triangular
notch is preferred over a rectangular notch. This is because if for a low discharge, a
rectangular notch is used, the head over the crest may be so small that it may not be
possible to measure it accurately. For such cases a triangular notch is used, because the
crest length for V-notch is zero. And even for low discharge, the head over the crest is
fairly large which can be measured more accurately. total discharge measured by v-notch is
Q = 8/15. (2.g) 0.5. tan  /2). H5/2

Figure 1 Triangular Notch
Where:
Q = Flow rate
Cd= co-efficient of discharge
 = angle of notch
H = height of free surface of approach channel over the vertex of the notch.
APPARATUS:
 V-notch
 Stop-watch
 Hook gauge
 Rectangular tank for measuring discharge
 Ruler
Experimental set-up:
Experimental Procedure:
1. Fill the storage tank with the water.

2. Switch on the pump and keep the delivery valve fully open and close the bypass valve to
have maximum flow rate through the open channel.
3. Shot off the delivery valve once the water start flowing over the notch.
4. Drain the water from the open channel till one get exact mirror image of notch in the water
with two apex points touching each other.
5. Note down this reading of height of the liquid with the help of point gauge with vernier
scale as the datum level of liquid in the open channel.
6. Open the delivery valve and allow the water to spill over the notch.
7. Keep the drain valve of the collection tank open till it’s time to start collecting the water.
8. Close the drain valve of the collection tank and note down the initial level of the water in
the collection tank and also the height of liquid over the notch.
9. Collect about 40 liters of water in the collection tank and note down the time required for
the same.
10. Change the flow rate of water through the open channel with the help of delivery valve and
repeat the above procedure.
11. Take about 5-6 readings for different flow rates.
Observation table:
V- notch angle () = _________________
Measuring tank area (A) = _______________
Sr.no. Notch reading Measuring tank reading Time for

collection
in cm in cm
t in sec
Initial Final Head h=h1- Initial Final Difference
h1 h2 h2 reading reading D = F.R - I .R
1
2
3
4
5
Calculation:
1. Actual Discharge,
A*D
Qa = -------, m3 / sec
t
2. Now theoretical discharge,
 Qth = 8/15* (2.g) 0.5 * tan  /2)* H5/2, where  =600
3. co-efficient of discharge,
Qact
Cd = -----
Qth
Result table:
Sr.no. Area in m2 Qa in m3/s Qth in m3/s Cd=Qa/Qth
1
2
3
4
5
Conclusion:
Questions:
1. Define the term orifice.
2. Define (i) co-efficient of velocity.
(ii) co-efficient of contraction.
(iii) co-efficient of discharge.
3. Write equation for actual discharge for sharp edged circular orifice.
4. What do you mean by flow rate of fluid?
5. What is the unit of discharge?
6. List out the instruments used for measuring the flow rate?
7. Write down the equation for flow rate for v -notch, triangular notch, and
trapezoidal notch, rectangular notch.
8. What is the basic difference between notch & orifice?
--------------------x------------------------x---------------------------x------------------------x----------

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EXPERIMENT NO: 5

AIM: MEASUREMENT OF CO-EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE FOR AN

1) To understand the terms "Orifice, co-efficient of contraction, co-efficient of velocity and

2) To determine the co-efficient of contraction, co-efficient of velocity and co-efficient of

Outcomes of the experiment:

1) Supply tank with level indicator.

5) Measure the discharge for ________ seconds.

6) Take five (05) sets of readings by repeating the steps 1 to 5.

7) Record the observations in observation table and compute results.

Diameter of orifice = ________ cm.

Cross-sectional area of orifice, a =__________ cm2

Cross-sectional area of measuring tank, A = ____________ cm2

Reading H1/2 Cd=Qact./Qth

CONCLUSION (Write in your own words):

THEORY (for V notch):

A notch is an opening in the side of a measuring tank or reservoir extending above

Q = 8/15. (2.g) 0.5. tan  /2). H5/2

1. Fill the storage tank with the water.

Sr.no. Notch reading Measuring tank reading Time for

2. Now theoretical discharge,

 Qth = 8/15* (2.g) 0.5 * tan  /2)* H5/2, where  =600

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