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    4WD Note

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    Chhum Phalla
    4WD drives all four wheels of a vehicle using a transfer case to send power to both the front and rear axles. There are two main types of 4WD: full-time which sends power to all wheels at all times, and part-time which allows the driver to engage 4WD as needed. 4WD vehicles provide advantages like improved cornering and straight-line stability, better acceleration and climbing ability, and enhanced traction in snow or on rough roads. However, 4WD systems also introduce some disadvantages such as increased vehicle weight and cost, the potential for tight corner braking, and additional vibration and noise sources.

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    4WD Note

    Uploaded by

    Chhum Phalla
    23 views2 pages
    4WD drives all four wheels of a vehicle using a transfer case to send power to both the front and rear axles. There are two main types of 4WD: full-time which sends power to all wheels at all times, and part-time which allows the driver to engage 4WD as needed. 4WD vehicles provide advantages like improved cornering and straight-line stability, better acceleration and climbing ability, and enhanced traction in snow or on rough roads. However, 4WD systems also introduce some disadvantages such as increased vehicle weight and cost, the potential for tight corner braking, and additional vibration and noise sources.

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    4WD note

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    4WD drives all four wheels of a vehicle using a transfer case to send power to both the front and rear axles. There are two main types of 4WD: full-time which sends power to all wheels at all times, and part-time which allows the driver to engage 4WD as needed. 4WD vehicles provide advantages like improved cornering and straight-line stability, better acceleration and climbing ability, and enhanced traction in snow or on rough roads. However, 4WD systems also introduce some disadvantages such as increased vehicle weight and cost, the potential for tight corner braking, and additional vibration and noise sources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views2 pages

    4WD Note

    Uploaded by

    Chhum Phalla
    4WD drives all four wheels of a vehicle using a transfer case to send power to both the front and rear axles. There are two main types of 4WD: full-time which sends power to all wheels at all times, and part-time which allows the driver to engage 4WD as needed. 4WD vehicles provide advantages like improved cornering and straight-line stability, better acceleration and climbing ability, and enhanced traction in snow or on rough roads. However, 4WD systems also introduce some disadvantages such as increased vehicle weight and cost, the potential for tight corner braking, and additional vibration and noise sources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    What is 4WD?

    4WD is the abbreviation for 4-


    Wheel Drive and drives all four
    wheels using transfer, etc.
    There are two types of 4WD, full-
    time 4WD and part-time 4WD. 4WD
    vehicles can also be classified into
    those based on FF (Front-engine,
    Front-wheel-drive) and those based
    on FR (Front-engine, Rear-wheel-
    drive). Further-more, 4WD vehicles
    can also be classified into those for
    driving off-road and those for driving
    on-road.

    Types of 4WD
    4WD can be classified into the
    following types according to
    differences in the drive type and
    control.
    Advantages of 4WD
    A vehicle must be capable of driving on various types of roads, not only rough roads or snowy roads,
    but also on roads that surface characteristics change due to changing weather conditions.
    The best way to drive on rough roads is with a vehicle where all four wheels transmit power.
    In this respect, 4WD vehicles have several outstanding advantages over FF, FR or MR (Mid ship-
    engine, Rear-wheel-drive) 2WD vehicles.
    1. Cornering stability
    Since power is transmitted equally by all four tires instead of by only two, the load on each tire is
    reduced and the tires' cornering force can be effectively utilized, providing excellent stable cornering.

    2. Straight-line stability
    With 4WD, since the amount of surplus grip provided by each tire is increased, external turbulence
    has no effect on the vehicle. Thus stable straight-line stability is achieved.

    3. Starting and acceleration performance


    The amount of tire grip with 4WD is approximately double that of 2WD vehicles, so even if the vehicle
    is equipped with a high-output engine, the tires do not spin when the vehicle starts off or during
    acceleration. This greatly improves starting and acceleration performance.

    4. Hill-climbing performance
    Since the available power is approximately double that of a 2WD vehicle, a 4WD vehicle can climb
    hills that a 2WD vehicle is incapable of climbing.

    5. Driving on snowy/rough roads


    In 4WD, since all four wheels are transmitting power, the power applied to the road can be double
    that is provided by 2WD vehicles on snowy roads and drive-through performance on roads with low
    coefficients of friction (∝) is outstanding.
    Greater power is needed when driving on sandy, muddy, or extremely rough roads. Since all four
    wheels are transmitting power with 4WD, the front and rear wheels help each other, and high drive-
    through performance is realized.

    Disadvantages of 4WD
    1. Tight corner braking phenomenon
    When the propeller shaft between the front and rear axles is connected directly, the differences
    between the rotations of the front and rear axles cannot be absorbed.
    This causes undue force to be brought to bear on the drive train. On roads with low coefficients of
    friction (∝), if any of the tires slips, the difference between the rotations of the front and rear axles can
    be absorbed, but on roads with high coefficients of friction (∝), such as dry paved roads, it is difficult
    for slipping to occur, creating a condition very similar to braking.
    This is called the "tight corner braking phenomenon".

    2. Weight is increased
    The number of parts increases, so the weight increases.

    3. Cost is increased
    The more complex construction and the increased number of parts result in an increases in the cost
    of the vehicle.

    4. Construction is complex
    A transfer and propeller shaft, differential, etc., are required in order to distribute power to the front
    and rear wheels, making the construction complex.

    5. Sources of vibration and noise increase


    The increase in the number of rotating parts (transfer, propeller shaft, etc.) causes an increase in the
    number of possible sources of vibration and noise.

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