Arabic Grammar - Level 04 - English Book

Quranic Arabic
Program
Level 4: Intermediate Arabic
Muhammad Mubashir Nazir
At the end of this level, you’ll be able to read

100% of Islamic literature in Arabic by using
a dictionary, Insha Allah.
www.mubashirnazir.org
This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress. Certain spelling, grammar or
language mistakes are possible in this book.
Table of Contents
Description Page
Introduction 4
Lesson 1A: The Groups of 7
Lesson 1B: Surat-ul-Mulk to Surat-ul-Inshiqaq 15
Lesson 2A: Further Groups of 39
Lesson 2B: Teachings of Prophet Muhammad

about
49
Practical Life
Lesson 3A: Further Groups of 73
Lesson 3B: Public Speeches of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs 79
Lesson 4A: Groups of !"#%

$ & '$()& 93
Lesson 4B: Some Snaps of the Glorious Age 96
Lesson 5A: The Sentence Starting with a Verb *+ *,& 117
Lesson 5B: Selections from the Arabic Literature 124
Lesson 6A: Deceased Verbs and Derived Nouns *-./ 0,1

+ 141
Lesson 6B: Disciplines of Knowledge and their Classification 145
Lesson 7A: Words with Hamzah in their Source Letters 2,3 169
Lesson 7B: Some Enlightened Companions of the Holy Prophet
182
Lesson 8A: Words with Repeated Source Letters 206
Lesson 8B: The Exegesis of Qurtabi 216
Lesson 9A: Words as the First Source Letter 230
Lesson 9B: Kitaab ur Risalah 237
Lesson 10A: Words as the Second Source Letter 255
Lesson 10B: Arabic Poetry 264
Quranic Arabic Program 2 Level 04

Table of Contents
Description Page
Lesson 11A: Words as the Third Source Letter 7./ 278
Lesson 11B: Principles of Hadith Evaluation 291
Lesson 12A: Words as the Two Source Letter 8 309
Lesson 12B: Intellectual Evolution in the First Four Centuries - Part I 315
Lesson 13A: The Verbs with Incomplete Meanings 329
Lesson 13B: Intellectual Evolution in the First Four Centuries - Part II 339
Lesson 14A: *,1

*,&, Conditional Sentences and Pronouns 358
Lesson 14B: Surah Qaaf to Surah Waqi'ah 366
Lesson 15A: The Summary of 145$

& 6 ' 386
Lesson 15B: Surat ul Hadeed to Surah Tahreem 395
What’s Next? 412
Bibliography 413

Introduction
Dear Reader:
Assalam o alaikum!
Thanks for selecting “Quranic Arabic Program” to learn the Arabic Language. We will take you through a
series of lessons. At the end, you will be able to understand the Arabic Language Insha Allah. This program
contains an easy approach to learn the Arabic Language. This program covers the language of Islamic
Literature but it is name the “Quranic Arabic Program” because the Quran resides at the central position in
this program.
People learn Arabic Language due to two reasons: To understand the Quran, the Hadith and classic Arabic
Literature; or to speak and write in the modern Arabic to communicate with Arabs. This course is targeted
towards the former objective. Although people with the second objectives can also get benefit of this
program.
Due to its systematic nature, Arabic is one of the easiest languages of the world. It has well-defined rules
and a developed language structure. If you are familiar with these rules, you can learn this language in a few
weeks.
To understand the Quran and the Hadith, it is essential to learn the Arabic Language used in the Quran, the
Hadith and the Islamic literature. We will focus on its linguistics, philology and figurative speech.
Study Methodology
Study Methodology is very simple. Study one lesson daily. Solve all the exercises provided under “Test
Yourself”. Do not read the answers before attempting the questions. Once you solve the exercises, compare
your answers with the answers provided to you. In a few weeks, you will find that your Arabic Language
skills are improving.
The Boxes
Following boxes are provided to you for your ready reference. They contain very important information for
you.
Rule of the Day

Build Your Personality Grammar and language rules will be
Objective of our course is not only provided in this box.
teaching the Quranic Arabic. We are
also concerned about transforming our Do you know?
personalities according to Quranic Facts about the Arabs, their Language,
teachings. This box will provide you the Islamic literature and history will be
tips for Personality Development. provided in this box.
Face the Challenge! Worth Reading

This box will challenge you which will help Links to good articles will be provided in
you in developing your language skills this box.

Introduction
The Program is organized as follows:

• Level 0: The objective of this level is to enable you to read the Arabic script.
• Level 1: The objective of this level is to enable you to understand the religious Arabic used in the
routine life.
• Level 2: This level is designed to improve your language skills. You learn basic grammar and enhance
your vocabulary. After completing this level, you become able to understand 30-40% of the Islamic
literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 3: This level enhances your skills further. You read advanced concepts of grammar. Your
vocabulary becomes vast. After completing this level, you become able to understand 75-80% of the
Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 4: You complete your studies of Arabic Grammar at this level. At completion of this level, you
become able to read 100% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 5: This is the last level of this program. You study the advanced concepts of “Arabic Eloquence”
at this level. At the end of this level, you become able to appreciate the fine rhetorical concepts in the
Arabic language. It enables you to understand the Islamic literature in Arabic without consulting a
dictionary frequently.
Level 1 – 5 are also divided into two streams. “A” series deal with the rules of Arabic Grammar &
Eloquence. Enough exercises are provided to you to learn the Grammar & Eloquence rules.
The objective of “B” Series is to build your vocabulary. Passages from the Quran, the Hadith and selected
writings of Arab scholars are provided to you. You have to learn the words and styles and then translate the
passages into English. You need not to cram these words. The lessons and the exercises are designed in a
way that you will automatically learn the grammar rules, words and Arabic styles. At this level, we shall not
provide you the answers for the B Series.
This program is not designed to teach you day-to-day conversation in the Arabic language. This program is
also not designed to teach you how to write in Arabic language. But this program will help you in achieving
these two objectives. You need an Arabic speaking environment as well as a teacher to achieve these two
objectives. Nevertheless, the program is basically designed to teach you comprehension in the Arabic
language.
Ask Your Questions

If you are facing difficulty in any lesson, feel free to ask your questions. Send an email at
[email protected]. Feel free to share your views and valuable comments. Scholars of Arabic
language are strongly requested to please identify any mistakes in this book. Any constructive criticism will
be highly welcomed.
Important Note
This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress.
Certain spelling, grammar or language mistakes are possible in this book.

Introduction
Set-up Your Resources

Enable the Arabic Language in your computer. Follow these steps:
For Windows Vista Users
• Open "Regional and Language Options" from Control Panel
• Press “Keyboards and Languages” tab.
• Press “Change keyboards…” button
• Press “Add” button
• Select “Input Language: “Arabic“
For Windows XP Users
• Choose Language tab.
• Check the "Install files for Complex Script and right-to-left languages (Including Thai)".
• Press Apply to proceed
• Press Details button.
• Press Add button.
• Select the “Arabic (Saudi Arabia)” in Input Language drop down list.
• Select the default “Arabic (102)” keyboard.
• Press “OK” and then “Apply”.
The system may ask you to provide Windows CD during this process.
Warning: If you are using an unlicensed version of Windows, it may corrupt.
Download the following resources from this link to continue this program:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/Courses/Arabic/Level01/AR000-01-Contents-E.htm
• The Holy Quran
• Arabic Font
• A Dictionary: Download the Sakhr Arabic-English Dictionary and install it in your computer. After
that, do the following steps:
• In Regional Options change the standard format to Arabic (Saudi Arabia), and the location to be
Saudi Arabia
• Press the 'Advanced' card (The third card up) and then change the language to Arabic (Saudi
Arabia), then ok and restart your computer.
• Check that Sakhr Dictionary is working.
• Go back to the Regional Settings and change the settings to your normal settings.

Lesson 1A: The Groups of
Dear Reader! Build Your Personality

At previous level, you have learnt the complete set Allah is observing us. Develop this sense
of !#9 . You have already learnt how 220 while performing prayer. Also try to keep this
words are derived from a set of just three letters. sense while you are at work.
You know that these three letters are in their pure form in the first word of : ;+. Due to this, it is called
!#9 . which stands for “three alone letters.” We combine these three letters with other fixed letters
along with dhammah, fathah, and kasrah to produce over 220 words.
Arabic language has a very interesting feature. Sometimes, one or more letters are added in the first word of
: ;+ and then further words are derived from it. This feature increases multiple times the capacity of
producing words out of just three letters. Logically, over 1000 words can be produced in this way from a set
of just three letters.
Sometimes one letter is added to the set of three, whereas two or three letters are also added to the set of
three letters in order to produce different groups of words. We shall discuss in this course only eight of these
groups commonly used in the Quran. Each group is called “the chapter (<()” by the grammarians. Their
names are as follows:
$+8'@1 = • ;&?8>$ • *?$ ?8& • $+= •

$+8' /= • $+@'= • ;A+8? >$ • ;'+8$> •
We shall discuss them one by one.
Do you know?
For trading purpose, Arabs especially the Quraish were connected with the other civilized
nations of that time e.g. Yemen, Persia, Abyssinia and Rome. They took a lot of Non-Arabic
words and molded them according to their own pronunciation.
Rule of the Day

In Arabic, in order to describe the intensity of an action, the source noun ()-) with the same
source letters is described after the verb. For example, D
$#E
1 =' 1 GF & #' H
1 &$ (He will bring you out
with full force). You’ll find a lot of examples of this in the lessons of B Series.

+= <( is the first chapter of . It is made by adding a hamzah before the three source letters.
See the \L # of it.
(J ) ^ ]!) \'L
$ #$ $+= <(
W+$ T
W+$ #YZ T

1
;+
Meanings #YZ Meanings QRS
To drive out J
X
$#E1 = )- He drove out. J
$ #$ E1 P+ :
The one who
drives out
J
X #' H
1 & ; He was driven out J
$ #' E1 F 39 :
The one who was
driven out
J
X #$ H
1 & +8 He drives out / will
drive out
J
& #' H
1 & P+ [)
The place / time
to drive out
J
X #$ H
1 & #V He is driven out /
will be driven out
J
& #$ H& 39 [)
Usually the structure of )- is the name of
that chapter. For example )- of this
(O you!) Drive out J
1 #' E1 ? P+ #:T #
chapter comes as += which is its name.
For certain set of source letters, the )- of
He should drive
out.
J
1 #' H
1 &' P+ QRS #
+= <( is also used at the structure of *??=.
For example *$.= (to establish), *$/= (to
He should be
driven out.
J
1 #$ H&' 39 #
support), *$/U= (to insult) etc. For +8 and
#V , the same words are used.
He should not
drive out.
J
1 #' H
1 & K P+ I
Other derived nouns e.g. *LM N;8> NO8
are not used in .
He should not be
driven out.
J
1 #$ H& K 39 I
• In , the verbs and nouns have the fixed structure. As you have observed in !#9 that the [
*,Y has dhammah, fathah or kasrah. But in , the movements on the *,Y [ are fixed.
• The += <( is normally used to describe the action of a person on another person or thing. For example
J
& #& H$ J$ #$ E$ means ‘to come out’. When it comes to += <(, it become J & #' H& J
$ #$ E which means ‘to
bring out’. Similarly _ & G' 5$ _
$ G? /$ means ‘to marry oneself’. When it comes to += <(, it become _ $ G? /
_
& G' 5& which means ‘to conduct marriage of other’.
• You can make the other words of all verbs and nouns in the same way as you did in the !#9 . See the
\MY # on the next page. Then make \MY \L # from: )
Z/= (to warn), !$`)= (to guide), a X =
(to reform), b
/= (to bring down)

\MY # is provided here. The sequence of words is like previous lessons. Translate yourself.
(J ) ^ ]!) \MY #$ $+= <(

#
\MY # 1
| ;+
\L
Not Applicable J
X
$#E1 = )-
N&@1 #$ E1 N$,@&1 #$ E1 NO
$ 1 #$ E1 N$f1 #$ E1 N$@$ #$ E1 N1O$ #$ 1E N
&#$ E1 N$#$ E1
$51 #$ E1 N&O1 #$ E1 N"f@&1 #$ E1 N$,@&1 #$ E1 N'O1 #$ E1
J
$ #$ E1 P+ :
N&@1 #' E1
F N$,@&1 #' E1
F N$O1 #' E1
F N$f1 #' E1
F N$@$ #' E1
F N1O$ #' E1
F N
&#' E1
F N$#' E1
F
5$1 #' E1
F N&O1 #' E1
F N"f@&1 #' E1
F N$,&@1 #' E1
F N'O1 #' E1
F
J
$ #' E1
F 39 :
N?d&#' H
1 >& N'd$#' H
1 >& N&J#' H
1 >& N$f1 #' H
1 & N'd$#' H 1 >& N&J#' H1 >& N?d&#' H1 & N'd$#' H
1 &
J
& #' H
1 /& N&J#' E'g
F N$f1 #' H
1 >& N'd$#' 1H>& N$i' #' H
1 >&
J
& #' H
1 & P+ [)
N?d&#$ H
1 >& N'd$#$ H
1 >& N&J#$ H
1 >& N$f1 #$ H
1 & N'd$#$ H 1 >& N&J#$ H1 >& N?d&#$ H1 & N'd$#$ H
1 &
J
& #$ H
1 /& N&J#$ E'g
F N$f1 #$ H
1 >& N'd$#$ 1H>& N$i' #$ H
1 >&
J
& #$ H& 39 [)
#:T #
f$ 1 #' E1 N$#' E1 N'#' E1 N
&#' E1 N$#' E1 J
1 #' E1 P+
QRS #
J
1 #' H
1 5&' N1J#' E1 F' Nf$ 1 #' H
1 &? N$#' H
1 @&' N1J#' H
1 @&' N
&#' H
1 &' N$#' H
1 &' J
1 #' H
1 &' P+
N
&#$ H
1 @&' N$#$ H
1 @&' N1J#$ H
1 @&' Nf$ 1 #$ H
1 &? N$#$ H
1 @&' N1J#$ H
1 @&' N
&#$ H
1 &' N$#$ H
1 &'
J
1 #$ H1 5&' N1J#$ E1 F' Nf1#$ H
1 @&? N$$#H
1 @&' N'#$ H 1 @&'
J
1 #$ H&' 39 #
K N$#' H
1 >& K N1J#' H
1 >& K N$f1 #' H
1 & K N$#' H1 >& K N1J#' H
1 >& K N
&#' H
1 & K N$#' H
1 & K
J
1 #' H
1 & K P+ I
J
1 #' H
1 /& K N1J#' E'g
F K N$f1 #' H
1 >& K N$#' H
1 >& K N'#' H
1 >& K N
&#' H1 >&
K N$#$ H
1 >& K N1J#$ H
1 >& K N$f1 #$ H
1 & K N$#$ H1 >& K N1J#$ H
1 >& K N
&#$ H
1 & K N$#$ H
1 & K
J
1 #$ H& K 39 I
J
1 #$ H
1 /& K N1J#$ E'g
F K N$f1 #$ H
1 >& K N$#$ H
1 >& K N'#$ H
1 >& K N
&#$ H1 >&
c
X $#' H
1 & N'd$@$ #' H
1 & Ne*$#' H
1 & N?d&#' H
1 & N'd$#' H
1 & J
X #' H& ;
c
X $#$ H
1 & N'd$@$ #$ H
1 & Ne*$#$ H
1 & N?d&#$ H
1 & N'd$#$ H
1 & J
X #$ H& +8
c
X $#$ H
1 & N'd$#$ H
1 & J
X #$ H& #V

;+8> <( is the second chapter of . Its symbol is a tashdeed at the second source letter [
*,Y. See the \L # of it.
(P [ ]!) \'L
$ #$ ;'+8> <(
W+$ T
W+$ #YZ T

1
;+
To teach, to
educate
X '+$> )- He taught. $ j$ P+ :
Teacher X k+$ & ; He was taught. $ k& 39 :

That was taught:
student, course
X j+$ & +8 He teaches / will
teach.
& k+$ & P+ [)
Place of teaching:
school
X j+$ & #V He is taught / will
be taught.
& j+$ & 39 [)
(O you!) Teach! 1 k$ P+ #:T #
For certain set of source letters, the )- of He should teach. 1 k+$ &' P+ QRS #
;+8> <( is also used at the structure of *'+8$>.
For example ]$#Y ' Z> (to remind), *$(#' l (to test), He should be
taught.
1 j+$ &' 39 #
]$#-
' M> (to enlighten) etc. For +8 and #V ,
the same words are used. He should not
teach.
1 k+$ & K P+ I
He should not be
taught.
1 j+$ & K 39 I
• The verbs and nouns have the fixed structure. As you have observed in !#9 that the *,Y [ has
dhammah, fathah or kasrah. But in , the movements on the *,Y [ are fixed.
• Like += <( , ;+8> <( is also used to describe the action of a person on another person or thing. For
example & ? +$ $ ' $ means ‘to know’. When it comes to ;+8> <(, it become & k+$ & $ j$ which means ‘to give
knowledge or educate’. Similarly #& Y F Z$ #$ Y? m? means ‘to remember’. When it comes to ;+8> <(, it become
#& kYZ? & #$ jYm? which means ‘to remind others’.
• You can yourself make the other words of all verbs and nouns in the same way as you did in the !#9
. If required, get help from the \MY # of += <(. Make \MY \L # from: ;-8> (to explain),
*($#l (to test), ;,G> (to complete), nM> (to preach), \YZ> (to remind), Q-5> (to install)

Test Yourself
Fill in the blanks by putting the meanings of words in red color. Frequently use the tables given in previous
pages. The meaning of the )- is given in this table. You have to adjust the meaning to make it an
appropriate verb or noun. Also mention the name of verb or noun, chapter, number, gender and case (if it is a
noun) of each word.
English '(# English '(# English '(#

To enlighten e])/= To slaughter _
X '(Z$> To believe db $o=
To appoint, to
repent
e*$($/= To sink u
X
#S= To establish, to
erect
e*$?.=
To make superior ;b '8$> To corrupt
something

X #4$> To spend in
Allah’s way
u
X ?8/=
To explain ;b '-8$> To give good
news
\
Xr' M$> Conviction, to
strongly believe
db ?p=
To spend in a
lavish manner

#1= To educate X '+$> To warn )X
Z/=
To put a mark t's$> To give honor tX #' G$> To bless, to give
some benefit
PX $+/=
To plan, to
arrange
\
X ('$> To enter
someone else
b E!= To spoil, to make
disorder
!X $s=
To exploit \
XH
' s$> To purify
someone else
\
X 3' v$> To reform,
opposite of !s=
a
X =
To describe
clearly
e*/$(= To bring
someone close
Q
X '#p$> To see, vision )X $-(1=
To make cyclical
movements

X #1->$ To do kind act db $sT= To drive out J
X
#E=
To remind \
X Y' Z$> To make an act
unlawful
tX #' 4$> To glorify (Allah) _
X 'Ms$>
To realize #& +& r$ #$ +$ `$ To bring down b
/= To sanctify (Allah) w
X 'p$>
To caste a
shadow over
;F kq$ j;V? To bring down
slowly
;b '51 >$ To provide news,
to inform
0e $M/=
To comprehend ;F p' +$ ;? p? $ To send $)= To remove, to
tempt
e*?
$2=

*L English '(#

Those who believe in unseen, and establish the ",' $ ]"-
d? &,'p&$ Q
' 1 L$ 6'( d? &5' 1 & f$ 'Zj
d? Fp8' 5& 1 U& $5.6 2$ )$

prayer and spend from what We have provided
them. QRS #YZ N[) ;+ N+= <(
On the Day of Judgment, they

______.
d? &5.' & 1 U& ]' #$ E'(
Verily, those who have denied, it is 1 ? P1 ? 1 3& >$)1 Z? /?0 1 3' 1 ? $ 0e
$$
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
jd='
d? &5' 1 & K 1 U& )1 Z' 5&>
equal for them whether _____ them
or not _____, _______.
The way of those ______ upon them. 1 3' 1 ? $ O

$ ,1 +$ /1? f$ 'Zj

?
$#
'
When it was called to them, “Don’t $,"/='
F?. x
' )1 zy
'
&s
' 86 >& K 1 3& ? ;? '.
?m='
d? &4' -
1 & f& 4 1 /$
_____ in the earth. They said,
“Verily, we are ______.”
Nay, they are ______, but they
______.
d? &#+& r
1 $ K f1 G' ?$ d? &s
' 86 ,& 6
1 U& 1 3& "/=' K?
He has left them in darkness, _____. d? &#-
' M1 & K c
{ $,F VF ' 1 3& Y? #$ >$
_____ water from the height, so
_____ fruits out of it.
c
'
$#,$ j
f1 ' ' (' J
$ #$ E1 }?? 0| $ 0' $,"s
f1 ' ? $ /1?
We _____ You with your praise and
______ You.

$ ?
& ~p? /&$ $ ' ,1 4
$ (' _
& ~Ms
$ /& f& 4
1 /$
O Adam! _____ them about their
names. So When he _____ them their 1 3' R'$,1 }?(' 1 U& }?M$/1? ",? ? 1 3' R'$,1 }?(' 1 3& 6 M'/1? P& !$ $
names …..
So the Satan _____ both of them
from there (garden) and _____ both ' ' $/?Y ",' $,3& $ #$ E1 }?? $351 $ dF ?v1 "r
$,3& j2$ }??
of them from where they were living.
Rule of the Day! As you’ve learnt that there are some verbs who do not require a +8, they are called
P2K ;+ e.g.X $2 Q
$ U$ m? (Zaid went) etc. There are some other verbs which do not make any sense without a
+8, they are called ~+$ @$& ;+ e.g. *D ?$)' X $2 Q
$ @$Y? (Zaid wrote a letter). Here, if we omit the word
“letter”, the sentence will not be clear. In order to convert a P2K ;+ into ~+$ @$& ;+, the verbs of += <(
;+8> are used with the same source letters. For example: ? $ /$ (He came down), ? "/$ (He caused other to
come down), w $ ? $ (He sat), w
$ ? 1 (He caused other to sit down), P$ #& Y? (He became respectful), P$ "#Y? P$ #$ Y6
(He gave respect to other) etc.

*L English '(#

Recall My blessings that _____ 1 GF @&6 "? ~/?$ 1 GF 1 ? $ O
& ,1 +$ /1? '@j
'@,$ +1 /'
&#YF m6
i
$ ,' ?$+6
?$
upon you and ______ over the
world nations.
______ your sons. 1 YF 0y $5(1? d? &4~(Z? &

______ the people of Pharaoh. d? 1 $ #1 ' ? $5.6 #$ S6 ?
______ over you by the clouds. P$ $,L$ 6
1 GF 1 ? $ $56 jV?
_____ Allah’s words then _____ & Fp? $ $ ' +1 ($ f1 ' & /$F~#4
$ & "F ' j
P$ ?Y d? &+,$ s 1 $
after _____ and they ______. d? &,? +1 $ 1 U& $
_____ to those who believed and
did good deeds.
c
' $4'"-

F,' $ $
&5$ f$ 'Zj
#1 ~r($
_____ Adam the names. 0y $,1 zy
P$ !$ $ j$
This is what _____ over me. $ 1 "#Y? 'Zj

?ZU$
"? $ O
O Lord! _____ me at _____ of J
$ #$ H
1 & '51 #' E1 ?$ u
{ 1
' ;? E$ 1 & '56 E' !1 ? ~<)$
truth and _____ at _____ of truth. u
{ 1
'
In the ____ books which are _____
and _____,
]{ #$ "3v? & *{ $ F#1 $ *{ $ "#G? &
{ 4
&& '
A spring where _____ drink. d? &("#p? ,& 6
$3(' <
& #$ r
1 $ D51$
And soon We shall increase for
______.
i
$ 5's
'41 ,& 6
& '5$$ $
Driving them out! That was _____
for you.
1 3& &
$#E1 =' 1 GF 1 ? $ PX "#4
$ & $ U&
Verily, ______ the humankind. P$ !$ '5($ $51 "#Y? 1 p? ?
Face the Challenge!

Identify 10 words of += <( and 10 words of ;+8> <( from the Quran
other than those mentioned in this lesson.

*L English '(#

Or We are ______. d? F' 51 ,& 6
f& 4
1 /$ P1 ?
From the angels ______. i
$ '$ 51 & *' G? R'$,6
f1 '
That is ______ by your Lord.
$ ~()$ f1 ' b "5$& & "/?
O Prophet! We _____ you as a witness and
as a _____ and as a ____, and as a caller
D#~rM$& $
D'U$` $ $56 $ )1 ? "/=' AM'"5
$3A? $
towards Allah with His permission and as
an _____ lamp.

D\'5& D
$#' $ ' /'m6 '(' ' j
?=' D'
$!$ .
D#'Z/$$
Verily, in that there is a sign for each slave
who is _____.
Q
{ '5& { M1 $ k;GF ' *D $
$ 'm? ' jd='
That is what He brought down for you , the
____ book.
D "-8? & <
$ $@G' 6
1 GF 1 ?=' ? $ /? 'Zj
$ U&
Similar to that, it is made attractive for the
______. They did not use to know ______.
d? F,$ +1 $
&/?Y $ i
$ ' #' s
1 ,& 6 ' f$ ~2&
$ 'Z? Y?
______ in the vision of Your Lord.
$ ~()$ $ 51 ' *D $ "s
$ &
He _____ the matter and _____ the signs 1 GF ~()$ 0' ?p' (' 1 GF j+$ ? c
' $
;F ~-8? & #$ 1 zy
#& ~($ &
so that _____ in meeting your Lord. d? &5.' &>
And _____ for you the night, the day, the #$ ,$ p? 6
$ w
$ ,1 "r
$ )$ $3"5
$ ;? 1 j
1 GF ? #$ "H$ $
' #' 1 }?(' c
X
$#"Hs$ & P& &%A5
$
sun, the moon, the starts. All of them are
______ due to His order.
This is the Arabic language that is _____. X M'& '(# db $s'

?ZU$
i
Verily, _____ in this Quran so that ______.
&#jYjZ$' d' #1 pF 6

?ZU$ ' $56 "#
$ 1 p? ?$
Rule of the Day

If a verb is already +@ in its !#9 , its ;+8> <( also indicates the huge amount or intensity of a verb.
For example,
D & )$ P& #' %
1 ,& 6
;? @$.? (The criminal killed a man) will be *' $#?p
;? U1 P& #' %
1 ,& 6
;? "@.? (The criminal killed a
large number of people of the town) or
D & )$ P& #' %
1 ,& 6
;? "@.? (The criminal killed a man brutally), ;? M$4
$ 6
O
& +1 v? .? (I
cut the rope) , ;
? M$4
$ 6
O
& +1 jv.? (I cut the rope completely), $ ? p? 6
#$ s
$ Y? (He broke the pen), $ ? p? 6
#$ "sY? (He broke the
pen with full power) etc.

Lesson 1B: Surat-ul-Mulk to Surat-ul-Inshiqaq
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study Surahs of the Quran which
is famous for its eloquence and rhyming schemes. At “Peace” is the most important thing for
this level, you are able to understand Arabic text. any religious and intellectual growth.
Therefore, we’ll provide you with meanings of those Never compromise peace in your society.
words / phrases which are new to you. Complete Avoid those who spread violence and
translation will not be provided in the answers book. speak in an enraged language.
T#
f,1T#

s(
]F )$ &
1 GF A? 1 YF $ F M1 $' ]? $4
$ 6
$ c $ 1 ,$ 6
$ ?E$ 'Zj
.#X '.? 0{ 1 `$ k;YF ?$ $ U& $ & 6 ,& 6
' ' $(' 'Zj
$ )$ $M>$
f1 ' f' ,$ T1 "#
' 6 E$ ' $#>$ $ D.$M' c {
$$,$ $ M1 $ $? E$ 'Zj
.)& F8L$ 6
& '+$ 6
$ U& $ D ,$ $ f& s
$ T1 ?
$ U& $ D'$E #& - $ M$6

$ 1 ?=' Q
1 ' p? 5$ f' 1 >$"#Y? #$ -
$ M$6
1' )1
"F .){ FvF f1 ' $#>$ ;6 U$ #$ -$ M$6
1 ' )1 ? c
{ & ?8>$
.\Xs' T$
f$ 'Zj'$ .\ ' +' "s
< $
?Z$ 1 3& ? $/1 @$1 ?$ i
' ' $"r' D&)& $U5$6 +$ $ $ _ $ '($-,$ (' $/1A
0y $,"s
"5"2$ 1 p? ?$
& ",$ >$ !& ?G>$ .)& F8>$ $ U' $ Dp'3`$ $3?
&+,' $ $3'
Fp6F
?m=' .\ &-
' ,$ 6
w $ 6 ('$ $ "53$ $ < &
?Z$ 1 3' ~(#$ ('
&#8? Y?
$5(1jZG? ? #X 'Z/$ $/0y $ 1 .? ?($
F?. .#X 'Z/$ 1 GF >'}6 $ 1 ?? $3@&/$$ E$ 1 3& ?}?$ JX 1 ? $3' $ p' 6F $,jYF ' 1 L$ 6
f1 '
' "5YF $ ;F p' +1 /$ 1 ? & ,$ s1 /$ "5YF 1 ?
F?.$ .\ { M'Y? { $: ' jK=' 1 @&/1? d6 =' 0{ 1 `$ f1 ' & j
? "/$ $ $56 .F $
.\
' +' "s
< ' $4 1 zy Dp14s & ? 1 3' M'/1Z? ('
F#$ @$1? .\
' +' "s
< ' $4 1 ?
Explanation Word Explanation Word Explanation Word
It burst out & ",$ >$ Tired, fatigued #X 1 s

' T$ So that he tests you 1 YF $ F M1 $'
Rage
' 1 L$ 6
We adorned "5"2$ One above another, in
steps
D.$M'
Its administrators $3@&/$$ E$ Lamps, plural of aM- _
$ '($-$ Fault, discrepancy c
{ & ?8>$
Warner (a Prophet who
warns about the Hereafter)
#X 'Z/$ Bombardment, stoning D&)& Flaw, split, cleavage ){ FvF
They confessed
F#$ @$1
The Hell \
' +' "s
Twice f' 1 >$"#Y?
So curse be upon! Dp14s
& ? Roaring Dp'3`$ It will return Q
1 ' p? 5$
Seething, boiling )& F8>$ Worn out, kicked out D'$E

X '$ & "/=' ' ('

&#3$ 1
1 ? 1 GF ?1 .?
A#' ?$ .\ X M'Y? #X 1 ?$ ]b #$ 8' L1 $ 1 3& ? Q
' 1 L$ 6'( 1 3& "()$ d? 1 r
$H1 $ f$ 'Zj
jd='
KD Fm? x $ )1 zy
1 GF ? ;? +$ $ 'Zj
$ U& &\M'H $ 6
& 'vj
$ U& $ $ ? E$ f1 $ & ? +1 $ K? .)' &A-
c '
?Z('
x $ )1 zy
1 GF (' $ s 'H 1 $ d6 ? 0' $,"s
' f1 $ 1 @&5'? ? .)& &rA5
' 1 ?='$ ' .' 21 )' f1 '
FYF $ $3M'Y' $5$ '
&r1 ?
1 p? ?$ '#'Z/$ $ 1 Y? d? &,? +1 @$s $ ? DM'$T 1 FG1 ? $ ;? ' #1 & d6 ? 0' $,"s
' f1 $ 1 @&5'? P1 ? &)&,>$ $ U'
?m'?
$ $f 1 M'p6 $$ c { j$ 1 3& .? 1 ? #' 1 jv
?='
1#$ $ 1 ?$ ? .\ ' G' /$ d? ?Y $ 1 G? ? 1 3' ' M1 .? f1 ' f$ 'Zj
<
$ jZY?
d' &! f1 ' 1 YF #& - & 5$ 1 GF ? X 5& $ U& 'Zj

?ZU$ f1 "? .\ X- ' ($ 0{ 1 `$ k;GF (' & "/=' f& ,$ T1 "#
jK=' "f3& GF 's,1 &
@&& '
A%? ;6 ($ &.? 21 )' $ s $ 1 ? d6 =' 1 GF .F 2& #1 $ 'Zj

?ZU$ f1 "? .){ &#SF ' jK=' d? &#' ?G6
d6 =' 'f,$ T1 "#
{'p@$s1 & {
$# ' ?$ D' $ 'r,1 $ f1 "? $U1 ? ' 3' 1 $ ?$ DMG' & 'r1,$ f1 ,$ ? ? .){ F8/&$
'Zj
$ U& ;6 .F .d? &#GF r 1 >$ $ D '.? ]? $ '6 zy
$ )$ $-(1zy
$ $ ,1 "s
1 GF ? ;? +$ $ $ 1 YF }?r $ /? 'Zj
$ U& ;6 .F
& 6 +' 6
$,"/=' ;6 .F .i $ .' !' $ 1 @&5FY d6 =' & 1 $ 6

?ZU$ $@$ d? FFp$$ .d? &#r $41 >& ' 1 ?='$ x ' )1 zy
' 1 YF ?)$ m?
' (' 1 @&5FY 'Zj

?ZU$ ;? '.$
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
& && O 1 ?' *D 8? 62& & 1 ?)$ ",? ? .i
X M'& #X 'Z/$ $/? $,"/='$ ' j
$ 51 '
;6 .F {'? < {
?Z$ f1 ' f$ '#' ?G6
\ &% ' & f1 ,$ ? $5,$ T' )$ 1 ? '+$ f1 $ $ & j
'5G? ? U1 ? d6 =' 1 @&1?)$ ? ;6 .F .d? &">$
1 YF & $ _ $ M$ 1 ? d6 =' 1 @&1?)$ ? ;6 .F .i
{ M'& { $: ' $ U& f1 $ d? &,? +1 @$s $ ? $56 jY$ >$ ' 1 ? $ $ ' (' "5$ f& ,$ 1T"#
$ U&
{i+' $ 0{ $,(' 1 GF '>}6 $ f1 ,$ ?
D)1S?
Crawling, straight D' $ NDMG' & Outstretching their

wings
c
{ j$ You speak secretly
A#' ?
He created you 1 YF ?)$ m? They pull them
inwards
f$
1 M'p6 $ Obedience KD Fm?
Approaching, coming *D 8? 62& He holds them "f3& GF s
' ,1 & Its shoulders, its ways $3M'Y' $5$
It turned gloomy /
hopeless
O
1 ?' So what? So which? f P N1f"? Rising up (on the Day
of Judgment)
)& &rA5
He protects \
&%
' & Deception, illusion ){ &#SF He thrusts (in the
earth)
'sH
1 $
We relied upon $56 jY$ >$ They insist
A%? Swinging )& &,>$
It sinks down deeply
D)1S? Arrogance, rebellion @&& A stone hurling wind DM'$T
Clean & fresh i
{ +' $ Dislike, antipathy ){ F8/& Curse \
' G' /$

T#
f,1T#

s( p
]F )$ &
$+? $ "/='$ .d{ &5,1 $ #$ 1 S?
D#1zy $ ? jd='$ .d{ &5%
1 ,$ (' $ ~()$ *' ,$ +1 5'(' O
$ /1? $ .d? &#vF s 1 $ $$ ' ? p? 6
$ d
$ U& $ ' ' 'M$ f1 $ j;:$ f1 ,$ (' & ? 1 ? $ U&
$ "()$ jd=' .dF &@86 ,$ 6
1 GF ~}?(' .d? &#- ' M1 &$ #& -' M1 @&s
$ ? .{ 'q$ { F E&
2{ ",U$ .i { 3' $ { jT$ j;YF 1 v' >& K$ .d? &5U' 1 &? f& U' 1 >& 1 ?
A!$ .i $ ('kZG? ,& 6
1 v' >& ? .f$ '@$31 ,& 6'( & ? 1 ?
' 1 ? $ ?@1 >&
?m=' .i
$ 5'($$ { $
?m d? ?Y d6 ? .{ '/2$
$ 'm? $ +1 ($ ;@&& .{ '? { @$+1 & #' 1 H
$ 6 ' [
{ "5$ .{ ',5$(' 0{ "r$
.P' F#1 H & 6
?$ & ,& s ' 5$$ .i $ '"zy
\ & ' $? ? ?. $5>&$
$31 ? $ $ ?v? .d? &56 @$s
1 $ K$ .i $4 ' M'- 1 & $3"5& #' -1 $?
&,s $ .6 ? m6 =' *' "5%
$ 6
<
$ $4 1 ? $/1 ? ($ $,Y? 1 U& $/1 ? ($ "/='
d6 =' 1 GF '#1 T$ ?$
&S6
d6 ? .i $4 ' M'- 1 &
$!$5@$? .t' #' "-?Y O 1 4 $ M$ 1 }?? .d? &,R'$/ 1 U& $ $ ~()$ f1 ' X R'?
!{ #1 T$ ?$
1$ S? $ .i X G' s 1 ' 1 GF 1 ? $ P$ 1 $6
$3"5? E& 1 $ K d6 ? .d? &@? $H@$$ 1 U& $
Fp? v? /? .i $ ' )' $ 1 @&5FY
K1? 1 GF ? ;6 .F ? 1 ?? 1 3& vF $ 1 ? ? ?. .d? &&#4 1 $ f& 4 1 /$ ;6 ($ .d? $? "/='
F?. $U1 ?)$ ",? ? .f$ ')!' ?.
"/=' $5? 1$ $
F?. .d? &$ $@$ { +1 ($ ?$ 1 3& & +1 ($ ;? M$.6 }?? .i
$ ,' '?V "5YF "/=' $5~()$ d? $4M1 &
F?. .d? &4~Ms $ >&
.d? &MS'
$) $5~()$ ?=' "/=' $351 '
D#1E$ $5?' M1 & d6 ? $5A()$ $s$ .i $ S' ? "5YF
One who moves around

X R'? Who forbids too much [
{ "5$ They write d? &#vF s
1 $
Sleeping people d? &,R'$/ In addition to ;@&& Without reminders d{ &5,1 $
A crop-harvested field t' #' "-
One who claim falsely to
belong to a noble family
{ '/2$ Infatuated by something dF &@86 ,$ 6
So they called out

$!$5@$? Stories, plural of ])v \
& ' $? They want
A!$
Those who pluck fruit i
$ ' )' $ We’ll brand with fire & s
' /$ You become flexible f& U' 1 >&
They whisper d? &@? $H@$$ Snout P' F#1 E& One who swears falsely
{ jT$
Excitement, anger !{ #1 T$ We tried $/1 ? ($ Despicable i
{ 3' $
The middle of them 1 3& vF $ 1 ? They divided
&,s
$ .6 ? Backbiter 2{ ",U$
They blame each other d? &$ $@$ Surely they’ll pluck the
fruit
"f& #' -
1 $? One who walks too
much
0{ "r$
Transgressors i
$ S' ? They leave d? &56 @$s
1 $ For defamation { ',5$('

.' '+"5
c
' "5$ 1 3' ~()$ $ 51 ' i $ p' "@,& 6 ' jd=' .d? &,? +1 $
&/?Y 1 ? #& M$Y6 ? ]' #$ E'
< &
?Z+$ ?$ < &
?Z+$ 6
$ 'Z? Y?
1 GF ? jd=' ?d&)& 1 >$ ' ' <X $@Y' 1 GF ? P1 ? ?d&,GF 4 1 >$ $ 1 Y? 1 GF ? $ $i' #' % 1 ,& 6?Y i $ ,' ' s
1 ,& 6
F;+$ %
1 5$? ?
?d&,GF 4 1 >$ $,? 1 GF ? jd=' *' $ $p' 6
P' 1 $ ?=' *b L$ '$( $51 ? $ db $,1 ? 1 GF ? P1 ? .d? &#"H$ >$ $,? ' '
f1 $ & r $ G6 & P$ 1 $ !i
$ .' !' $
&/?Y d6 =' 1 3' R'?Y#$ r & ('
&>}6 $6 ? 0 ?Y#$ `& 1 3& ? P1 ? X'2$
$ 'Z? (' 1 3& A? &36 $
?=' d? 1 $ 1 &
&/?Y 1 .? $ *b jm' 1 3& pF U$ #1 >$ 1 U& )& $-(1? *D +$ `' $E .d? &+'v@$s 1 $ ? !' &%As
?=' d? 1 $ 1 &$ u { $
.d? &,? +1 $ K F 1 T$ f1 ' 1 3& & )' 1 @$s 1 5$$ ' '4 $ 6

?Z3$ (' < & kZG? & f1 $ $ '/)1 Z? ? .d? &,'$ 1 U& $ !' &%As
.i
X @'$ '1 Y? jd=' 1 3& ? '1 F$
K$ $ ~()$ ' G6 4 & ' #1 M' 1 ? ?d&M@&G6 $ 1 3& ? Q & 1 L$ 6
1 U& $ 51 ' P1 ? ?dFp? 6 & P{ #$ L1 $ f1 ' 1 3& ?
D#1? 1 3& F}?s
1 >$ P1 ?
$ U& $ 0'
#$ +$ 6'( Z? M'5&? ' ~()$ f1 ' *b ,$ +1 /' & Y? )$
$>$ d6 ? K1? .PX FqG6 $ $ U& $ $!$/ m6 =' c ' &46
Q ' T' $-Y? f1 FG>$
",? 1 U' )' $-(1}?(' $ /$Fp'1 &?
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
&!?G$ d6 ='$ .i $4 ' '"-
f1 ' & ? +$ % $ ? & A()$ & $M@$1 ? .PX &Z6 $
.i $ ,' ?$+6 ' #X Y6 m' jK=' $ U& $$ .db &5% 1 ,$ ? & "/=' d? FFp$$ #$ Y6 kZ

&+,' $
Face the Challenge!
Specifically note the metaphors, parables, allegories & figurative meaning used in this lesson.

The companion of fish i.e.
Prophet Jonah whom Allah Q
' T' $ You fatigue them 1 3& pF U$ #1 >$ Blessings ' '+"5
placed him in the stomach

of a fish
c
' &46
So leave me '/)1 Z? ? You make a judgment d? &,GF 4
1 >$
One extremely depressed PX FqG6 $ We shall lead step by
step
J
& )' 1 @$s
1 /$ You select d? &#"H
$ >$
It corrected his condition & Y? )$
$>$ I give them a
temporary relief
'1 F Oaths, vows db $,1?
Definitely he was thrown Z? M'5&? My scheme '1 Y? Binding *b L$ '$(
In the wilderness 0'
$#+$ 6'( Strong, sound i
X @'$ Leader, guarantor X '2$
He selected him & $M@$1
Liability to pay some
amount
P{ #$ L1 $ Legs will be revealed, a

& r $ G6 &
metaphor for a situation
They’ll try to make you

$ /$Fp'1 &? Over-burdened people d? Fp? 6 &
of great confusion and
trouble
u
{ $ f
stumbling

T#
f,1T#

s( *.46
]F )$ &

FG' U1 }F? !& &,? "}?? .*' $ )' ?p6'( !X $$ !& &,? O 1 ($jZY? .*F j.$46
$ $
$)!1 ? $$ .*F j.$46
$ .*F j.$46
NDs & T& P{ "? *? $/'$,?$ { $? $ M1 $ 1 3' 1 ? $ $U#$ "H$ .*{ $>'$ #{ $ #1 $ _ { '#('
FG' U1 }F? !X $ "?$ .*' $S' jv'(
f1 $ $ dF 1 $ #1 ' 0y $$ .*{ $.' $( f1 ' 1 3& ? $#>$ ;6 3$ ? .*{ $' E$ ;{ H 1 /$ 2& $%1 ? 1 3& "/}?Y? $#1 $ $3' P$ 1 ?p6
$#@$?
0 $,6
$L? ",? "/=' .*D $('
$) ]D Z? E1 ? 1 U& Z? E$ }?? 1 3' ~()$ ? &)$
1- $ +$ ? .*' ?' $H6'( c & ?G8' >$1 ,& 6
$ & ? M1 .?
.*b $'
$ db mF F $3$+' >$$ ]D #$ Y' Z6 >$ 1 GF ? $3?+$ %
1 5$' .*' $)' $%6
' 1 YF $56 ,$ T$
O1 +$ .? $ Z{ '$ 1 $? .]D $ T'
$ *D jY!$ $@jY& ? F $M%
' 6
$ x
& )1 zy
O 1 ?,' T& $ .]b $ T'
$ *b H $ 86 /$ )' A-
' $ 8' /&
?m'?
1 3& .? 1 ?
$ ~()$ $ #1 $ ;F ,' 4 1 $$ $3R'$)1 ? ?$ & ? ,$ 6
$ .*b $U'
$ Z{ '$ 1 $ $ 3' ? 0 $,"s
O 1 jpr $ /
$ .*F +$ .'
$6
P1 & $U F Fp$? ' 5'',$(' & ($$@Y' $ >'F f1 $ "}?? .*b $' $E 1 GF 51 ' ?8H 1 >$ K d? &:#$ +1 >& Z{ '$ 1 $ .*b $/'$,? Z{ '$ 1 $
.*b $/'
$! $3F Fv.F .*{ $'$ *{ "5$ ' .*{ $: '
$) *{ r$ ' ' $ 3& ? .1 $('$sT' u { & ~/? O & 5$5V? ~/=' .1 $('$@Y'
0#$ .6
.*' $'$H6
P' "zy
' 1 @&86 ? 1 ? $,(' D'5U$
&(#$ `1
$
FYF
Its borders / dimensions $3R'$)1 ? Overturned settlement c

& ?G8' >$1 & The inevitable calamity *F j.$46
Secret *b $' $E Intensifying, a hill *D $('

$) The pounding sound *' $ )' ?p6
Take it! P1 & $U Ship, boat *' $)' $%6

Wind _
{ ')
Meeting, visiting u
{ & It retains it $3$+' >$ Fierce & violent wind #{
$ #1
$
Its fruits $3F Fv.F Retaining *b $'
$ Overbearing *{ $>'$
Hanging down, near *b $/'
$! It is blown
$ 8' /& He employed it $U#$ "H$
In a happy (joyful) way D'5U$ The trumpet )' A-
Ravaging them D&sT&
You advanced 1 @&86 ? 1 ? Tearing down to pieces *D jY!$ Thrown on the ground $#1
$
Empty, passed *' $'$H6
It split, exploded O
1 jpr
$ /
Trunks of date palm trees 2& $%1 ?
Weak, frail, flimsy *b $U'
$ Hollow *{ $' $E

O1 /$?Y $3@$1 ? $ .1 $('$sT' $ )' !1 ? 1 ?$ .1 $('$@Y' c
$ F 1 ? '5@$1 ? $ F Fp$? ' '$,r
' (' & ($$@Y' $ >'F f1 $ "?$
' "F .& $ $ '4% $ 6
"F .& L& ? & FZE& .1 $/'?v6 & ~5$ $ ? U$ .1 $'$ ~5$ $5S6 ? $ .*? $: ' ?p6
P' $+? ?$ A4 & $ K$ .' 'q+$ 6

' j'( f& ' 1 & K d? ?Y & "/=' .& FGF 1 ? D
$)m' d? &+M1 $ $3& )1 m? *{ ? s ' 6 '
.d? F' $H6
jK=' & F YF }6 $ K .i { ' s
1 S' f1 ' jK=' PX $+? K$ .X ',T$ $5U& $U P$ 1 $6
& ? w $ 1 ? ? .i
' G' s1 ,' 6
$ D '.? #{ ' $` ' 1 p? (' $ U& $$ .t{ #' Y? { &)$ F 1 p? ? & "/=' .d? &#- ' M1 >& K $$ .d? &#- ' M1 >& $,(' & s ' .6 F N ?
$ +1 ($ $51 ? $ ? "p? >$ 1 ?$ .i $ ,' ?$+6
~<)$ f1 ' ;b '51 >$ .d? &#jYZ? >$ $ D '.? f{ U' ?Y ' 1 p? (' K$ .d? &5' 1 >&
& "/='$ .f$ '' $T & 51 $ { T$ ? f1 ' 1 GF 51 ' $,? .i $ >'$ 6
& 51 ' $5+1 v? p? ? "F .i' ,' $6'( & 51 ' $/Z6 E$ zy .;' '?.zy
.i' p' $6

A4 $ ? & "/='$ .f$ '#' ?G6
?$ ]b #$ s14$ ? & "/='$ .i $ ('kZG? & 1 GF 51 ' jd? & ? +1 5$? "/='$ .i $ p' "@,& 6 ' ]b #$ Y' Z6 @$?
.' 'q+$ 6
$ ~()$ ' 1 '( _ 1 ~Ms $ ?
Rule of the Day:

For [) ;+, the letters are the same but <
#= are different. If the word belongs to N+= <( N!#9
;8> <( etc. The <
#= are often omitted in Arabic books. For example, P#G may be P& #' G6 & N(!#9 ) P& #& G$
(;+8>) P& ~#G? & N(+=). Its meaning will be different in all three cases. It will be “He is generous”, “He gives
honor” and “He gives honor” respectively. Frequently consult the dictionary to know the meaning of the
same word used in different chapters.
A soothsayer f{ U' ?Y Chain *{ ? s

' 6 ' I was not aware )' !1 ? 1 ?
A gradual revelation ;b '51 >$ Yards (length of a hand) D
$)m' The final decision (death) *? $:
' ?p6
He fabricated lies ? "p? >$ So bind him, chain him & FGF 1 ? Authority, government 1 $/'?v6 &
Life vein, aorta i
$ >'$ 6
Friend, intimate X ',T$ So chain him by his neck & L& ?
Those who create
hurdles
f$ '' $T Washing water for
wounds
i
{ ' s
1 S' The Hell $ '4%
$ 6
Regret ]b #$ s
1 T$ No. I present as evidence & s
' .6 F K Take him to &
$

T#
f,1T#

s( J
' )' $+,$ 6
]F )$ &
a
& A#
$ *F G? R'$,6
J & #& +1 >$ .J ' )' $+,$ 6
'm ' j
f1 ' .X '
$! & ? w
$ 1 ? f$ #'?G6 ' .{ .'
$ <{
?Z+$ (' ;b R'$ ? }?$
.DM'#.? &
$#/$$ .
D'+($ & /$1 #$ $ 1 3& "/=' .
D ',$
D#1M
$ #1 M'1 ? .*{ 5$$ $ 6? i$s ' ,1 E$ & )&
$p6 ' d? ?Y P{ 1 $ ' ' 1 ?='
A!$ $ 1 3& /$&#"-M$& .D,',T$ X ',T$ F }?s 1 $ K$ .f' 31 +' 6?Y F $M% ' 6
dF FG>$$ .;' 31 ,& 6?Y 0 $,"s
dF FG>$ P$ 1 $
' f1 $ $ .' 1>& '@j
' @'? '-? $ .' 'E?$ ' @'M$T' $$ .' '5M$(' Z{ '' 1 $ < '
?Z$ f1 ' '@$86 $ 1 ? P& #' % 1 ,& 6
.' '%5& "F D+',$ x ' )1 zy
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by providing a shelter
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gradual process
J
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& #& +1 >$
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1 & Removing *D $
"/$ Carded wool f' 31 +' 6
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They drew over them (as a
gesture of dislike)

1r
$ L1 @$1
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altars for sacrifice
Q
{ -
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$ +' v' 31 &
They persisted on
A#
$ ? They run d? &' & In multitudes f$ ''
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race
i
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1 $
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D)
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&:&H$
Majesty
D)?.$ Escape
D)
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Worth Reading
Form of religious rituals is very important but their real spirit is more important. Read
the details in: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0017-Spirit.htm
Do you know?
When something about future is confirmed and beyond any doubts, it is described in the
Past Tense to demonstrate its inevitability. You’ll find a lot of examples of this style.
They deviated
:
$ ? Mountain passes D$%' One over each other D.$M'
They were drowned
F.#' S6 F They devised a scheme
&#G? $ Lamp D
$#'
Living
D)"!$ Great
D)"MYF He grown you up 1 GF @$M$/1?
Extremely unbelievers
D)j8Y? Don’t leave them at all jd)& Z? >$ K He will take you back 1 YF & '+&
Ruin
D)$M>$ Different gods of ND
$& ND
!$ Spreading D$s('
Noah’s people.
Also worshipped N$u&+$ N?¢&L$ So that you walk
FGF s
1 @$'

D#1s/$
by the Arabs in
later centuries Ways, plural of ;M
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Injustice, fatigue Dp$U)$ Shooting stars, plural

of <3`, meteors DM&3`& Majesty, Exaltedness A$
Those who turn away
arrogantly
d? Fv' ?. Prepared to attack in
an observing post

D$)$ Our foolish people $53& '8$
They searched
1"#4
$ >$ Paths, plural of # $ R'
$#? Absolutely false Dv?v`$
Firewood DM?vT$ Separate
D!$.' We assumed "55$V?
In abundance D.$S? We cannot weaken $ %
' +&/ f1 ? They seek refuge d? Fm&+$
Increasing, hard
D$+
$ In escape D($#U$ Tiring burden, mischief Dp$U)$
Rushing violently
D$M' Loss, too little Ds1H($ We touched $5s
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& U1
Recite slowly ;6 ~>)$ He protects me '/\
$%
' &
Give them a little
respite!
1 3& 6 ~3$ Soon we’ll cast / reveal 'p6 5&$ Refuge, protection
D$4@$6 &
Heavy fetters, shackles KD ?G/? Rising up, being awake *? ?`' $/ Long period
D$?
That causes choking *{ "-SF
?m Leveling (your soul) D6$ Observing post
D$)$
It trembles violently
& & #1 >$ The best for making
correct
P& $ .6 ? One enfolded in his
shawl
;F ~",& 6
Disbanding heaps of
sand

D '3$ DM'Y Tasks to do D41M$ Decrease from it & 51 ' 7
1 pF /1
A dreadful punishment
D '($ Devote yourself to God! ;6 "@M$>$ Increase to it ' 1 ? $ !1 2'

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D!&+
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$ 1 Y?
Long, stretched, abundant

D!&,1 $ You send forward
&~p? >& Grey-headed, old aged DM'`
Present
D!&3`& One enfolded in a shawl #& k",& 6
Torn out #X v' 8? 51 &
I leveled (the way of
success)
c
& 1 "3$ Glorify! Exalt! #1 ~MY? Less than, lower than $/!1 ?
Enmity
D'5$ Filth (physical & moral) $ 1 A#
Group of people *b 8? R'?
I’ll soon exhaust him & pF U' )1 }F$ Don’t do a favor f1 5&,1 >$ K He plans, He executes
His plans
)& ~p? &
Rising
D!&+
$ You get more benefit #& 'G6 @$s
1 >$ You count it & &-4
1 >&
He pondered #$ jG? It (the trumpet) is blown #$ p' /& It becomes easy #$ "s$>$
He planned a scheme )$ ".? Severe, hard \
Xs' $ Sick people, plural of # $:#1 $

.#' r $ M$6
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d? F$H$ K ;6 ($ jY? .]D #$ "r5$& D8&4 &
.]' #$ 8' L1 ,$ 6
;F U1 ?$ $p6 "@
;F U1 ? $ U& & j
0y $r$

We were not, dG/ g
& /$ 1 ? So that they believe f$ p' 1 @$s
1 $' He frowned & scowled #$ s
$ ($$ w
$ M$$
Quibblers i
$' R'$E He suspect <
$ $>#1 $ It is coming from past #& ?1 &
Those who turn their face i
$ :
' #' +1 & The moon #' ,$ p? 6
Soon I’ll throw him ' '
1 }F$
Donkeys #X ,& T& It enlightens, it shines #$ 8? 1 ? The Hell #?p$
Frightening ]b #$ 8' 51 @$s
1 & Great matters, plural
of \MY #' M$GF 6
It will not leave )& Z? >$ K
A lion ]{ )$ $ s
1 .? Pledged, mortgaged
(for their deeds)
*b 5$'U)$ Scorching *b T$
"?
Open, publicized ]D #$ "r5$& It took you to 1 GF G? ? $ Their number 1 3& >$"'

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f,1T#

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Worth Reading
The Muslim and Christian Histories have some strange similarities. What are they?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0013-Similarities.htm
The offer excuses d? &)Z' @$+1 $ High c

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1. This is a style of expressing an indirect anger in Arabic. Allah has talked to the Prophet angrily but His wrath is
directed towards the chiefs of Makkah who deviated from the teachings of the Prophet
. In order to
express Allah’s wrath on the chiefs, the Surah is not directed towards them to express Allah’s wrath over them.
2. The name of that blind man was Abdullah Ibn Umm Maktoom 5
:) who was a great and sincere companion.
He entered to the company of the Prophet while he was conveying the message of Islam to the chiefs of Makkah.
The Prophet frowned at him due to disturbance. Allah showed His disapproval for the chiefs of Makkah and asked
the Prophet to pay his full attention to his sincere companions instead of the arrogant chiefs.
Vegetables DM1.? Scribes, writers ]{ #$ 8? $ Its establishment $U$#1 &

Heavy (vegetation) DM6SF Honored, respected P{
$#Y' What’s your concern? $ '
Fruits *D 3$ Y' ? Faithful, pious ]{ )$ #$ ($ Warner )& Z' 5&
Your cattle 1 GF ' $+/1? He placed him in graves & #$ M$.6 ? He frowned w
$ M$$
Deafening blast *F "E"-
He brought him back to
life
& #$ r
$ /1? Your provide attention "-
$ >$
He escapes to get rid of A#8' $ We poured out $5M1 M$
$ You neglect "3? >$

1 3& 51 ' ¡ { #' 1

k;GF ' .' '5($$ ' @'M$T' $$ .' '(?$ ' ~F$ .' 'E? f1 ' 0 #1 ,$ 6
A#8' $ P$ 1 $ .*F "E"-
c 1 0y $
?m'?
$3pF U$ #1 >$ .]b #$ M$S? $31 ? $ Z{ '$ 1 $ X && $ .]b #$ r
' M1 @$s
1 & *b G? T' $: .]b #$ 8' s
1 & Z{ '$ 1 $ X && .' '5L1 & db }6 `$ Z{ '$ 1 $
.]F #$ %
$ 8? 6
]F #$ 8? G? 6
1 U&
$ '?1 F .]b #$ @$.?
T#
f,1T#

s( #G@
]F )$ &
?m='$ .O 1 ? kv& )& $r+' 6

?m='$ .c 1 #$ ~& F $M% ' 6

?m='$ .c 1 )$ $ G? /
P& &%A5

?m='$ .c 1 )$ ~YF w & ,1 "r

?m='
Q
{ /1m? ~}?(' .O 1 ? '& ]F !$ 01 ,$ 6

?m='$ .O1 $ ~2& & F8A5

?m='$ .c 1 #$ ~%& )& $4M'6

?m='$ .c1 #$ r ' T& & &T& 6
.O1 8? '21 F *F "5%

$ 6

?m='$ .c 1 #$ ~+& & '4% $ 6

?m='$ .O1 v? r ' YF 0 $,"s

?m='$ .c 1 #$ r' /& & 4 & A-

?m='$ .O 1 ? @'.F
.c1 #$ $ T1 ? $ w
X 86 /$ O
1 ,$ ' $
{ &)$ F 1 p? ? & "/=' .w$ j85$>$
?m=' _ ' M1 A-
$ .w $ +$ s 1 $
?m=' ;' 1 j
$ .w ' "5GF 6
')
$% $ 6
.w ' "5H& 6'( & s
' .6 F ?
' F z '( & )$ 1 p? ?$ .d{ &5% 1 ,$ (' 1 GF M&T' $ $$ .i { ' ? "? [{ ?v& .i { G' $ ' #1 +$ 6
'm $ 51 ' ]{ ".F 'm .t{ #' Y?
#X Y6 m' jK=' $ U& d6 =' .d? &MU$ Z6 >$ f$ 1}?? .{ ')$ d{ ?v1 `$ ' 1 p? (' $ U& $$ .i { 5'$ (' Q ' 1 L$ 6
?$ $ U& $$ .i ' M',& 6
.i
$ ,' ?$+6
A<)$ & j
0y $r$ d6 ? jK=' d? 0$r>$ $$ .$ 'p@$s 1 $ d6 ? 1 GF 51 ' 0y $` f1 ,$ ' .i
$ ,' ?$+6 '
It was brought near O

1 8? '21 F It was left unattended O
1 ? kv& Bright ]b #$ 8' s
1 &
He brought forward c
1 #$
$ T1 ? Wild beasts
& &T& 6
Laughing, smiling *b G? T' $:
Receding stars w
' "5H
& 6
It was burst forth c
1 #$ ~%& Rejoicing ]b #$ r
' M1 @$s
1 &
Traverse stars ')
$%
$ 6
They were made as pairs O
1 $ ~2& Dust ]b #$ M$S?
Hiding stars w
' "5GF 6
The infant girl buried alive
- a practice of Arabia
]F !$ 01 ,$ 6
Darkness, gloomy ]b #$ @$.?
It retreated w
$ +$ s
1 $ Reports of good & evil
deeds

& 4
& A-
Wrong-doers ]F #$ %
$ 8? 6
It breathed w
$ j85$>$ It was published / laid
opened
c
1 #$ r
' /& It was wrapped (ceased
shining)
c
1 )$ ~YF
One who is obeyed [
{ ?v& It was stripped bare O
1 v? r
' YF It became dimmed c
1 )$ $ G? /
Avid, miser i
{ 5':
$ It was set ablaze c
1 #$ ~+& 10-months-pregnant she
camels (expensive)
)& $r+' 6

T#
f,1T#

s( )?v8' /
]F )$ &
O1 ,$ ' $ .c 1 #$ '+1 (& )& &MpF 6

?m='$ .c 1 #$ ~%F )& $4M'6

?m='$ .c 1 #$ ?@$/
Q
& Y'
$G? 6

?m='$ .c1 #$ v? 8? /
0 $,"s

?m='
' . $ ?$ +$ ? $
"s $ ? $ p? ? E$ 'Zj
.t' #' G? 6
$ ~(#$ (' $ "#S? $ dF $s/'
$3A? $ .c 1 #$ "E?$ O
1 $ ".? $ w X 86 /$
d? &,? +1 $ .i
$ M'>'?Y D
$#Y' .i $ q' ' $4? 1 GF 1 ? $ jd='$ .f' ~'( d? &(kZG? >& ;6 ($ jY? . $ M$jY)$ 0y $` $ ]{ )$ & ~?
.d? F+$ 86 >$ $
$$ .i $ M'R'$L(' $351 $ 1 U& $$ .f' ~
P$ 1 $ $3/$1 ? -1 $ .{ '4$ '8? )$ "%8F 6
jd='$ .{ '+/$ '8? )$
$#(1zy
jd='
.' j' Z{ '$ 1 $ #& 1 zy
$ D1`$ w
{ 86 5$' w
X 86 /$
& ' ,1 >$ K P$ 1 $ .f' ~
P& 1 $ $ $
$)!1 ? $ "F .f' ~
P& 1 $ $ $
$)!1 ?
T#
f,1T#

s( f$ 1 8' j8v? ,& 6
]F )$ &
K? .d? &#s 'H 1 & 1 U& &/2$ $ 1 ? 1 U& F?Y
?m='$ .d? F1 @$s 1 $ ' "5
?$
F$@Y6

?m=' f$ 'Zj
.i $ 8' k8v? ,& 6 ' ;b 1$
)' "%8F
< $ $@Y' jd=' jY? .i $ ,' ?$+6
~<#$ ' & "5
P& Fp$ P$ 1 $ .{ 'q$ P{ 1 $' .d? F&+M1 $ 1 3& "/?
$ '?F AfqF $
P' 1 $(' d? &(kZG? & f$ 'Zj
.i $ ('kZG? ,& 6 ' Z{ '$ 1 $ ;b 1$ .PX F.#1 $ <
X $@Y' .i X ~%' $ $
$)!1 ? $$ .i { ~%' '8?
“.i $ '"zy
\ & ' $?” ? ?. $5>&$ ' 1 ? $ ?@1 >&
?m=' .{ '? { @$+1 & ; YF jK=' ' (' <
& kZG? & $$ .f' ~
They take it full d? F1 @$s

1 $ He made you in right
& just proportion

$ ?$ $ It was torn asunder c
1 #$ v? 8? /
They measure to sell

something
1 U& F?Y He assembled your
body

$ M$jY)$ Stars, plural of QYY Q
& Y'
$Y?
They give less (to make a
loss to others)
d? &#s
'H
1 & Two noble scribes i.e. D
$#Y' It was scattered c
1 #$ ?@$/
i
$ M'>'?Y
the angels who record
The register of prisoners i
{ ~%' all good & bad deeds It is burst forth c
1 #$ ~%F
Written PX F.#1 $ They will jump into it $3/$1 ? -
1 $ It is opened and they are
brought forth
c
1 #$ '+1 (&
That who crosses limits { @$+1 & Those who give in
deficient measure
i
$ 8' k8v? & What has deceived you? $"#S? $
They measure to buy
something

F$@Y6
He fashioned you $
"$

1 3& "/=' "F .d? &(&%4

1 ,$ ? Z{ '$ 1 $ 1 3' ~()$ f1 $ 1 3& "/=' !jY? .d? &Ms ' G6 $
&/?Y $ 1 3' ('F.F ?$ d?
$) ;6 $( !jY?
.d? &(kZG? >& ' (' 1 @&5FY 'Zj

?ZU$ F ?p& "F .' '4%$ 6

F$-?
jd=' .d? &("#p? ,& 6
& & 3$ r
1 $ .PX F.#1 $ <X $@Y' .d? Ak' $ $
$)!1 ? $$ .i $ ~k' '8? )'
$#(1zy
<
$ $@Y' jd=' !jY?
{ 'T)$ f1 ' d? 1 p? s 1 & .' '+"5
]? #$ 1 /$ 1 3' U' && ' & #' +1 >$ .d? &#qF 5$ ' R'
$)zy
?$ .{ '+/$ '8? )$
$#(1zy
$3(' <
& #$ r1 $ D51$ .{ '5s 1 >$ f1 ' & &
$' $ .d? &s' $5@$,& 6
w
1 ? $5@$$6 ?
$ 'm? '$ X s 1 ' & & $@E' .P{ &@H 1 $
.d? &("#p? ,& 6
?='
&M? p? /

?m='$ .d? &$ $L@$$ 1 3' ('
A#$
?m='$ .d? FG4 $1 $
&5$ f$ 'Zj
f1 '
&/?Y
&#$ 1 ? f$ 'Zj
jd='
P$ 1 $6? .i
$ q' ' $T 1 3' 1 ? $
F' )1 F $$ .d? $? 0' K&U$ jd='
F?. 1 U& 1 ?)$
?m='$ .i$ 3' G' ?
&M? p? /
1 3' ' U1 ?
?dF+$ 86 $
&/?Y $ )& j8GF 6
<$ ~F ;6 U$ .d? &#qF 5$
' R'
$)zy
?$ .d? FG4 $1 $ )' j8GF 6
f1 '
&5$ f$ 'Zj
Do you know?
The literature of a nation is directly affected by its geographic, social, economical,
religious and political conditions. Arabs used to live in a harsh desert. Its
conditions have affected the Arabic poetry and prose. Arabs describe two types of
winds: Eastern Wind M !( and the Hot Wind P,$ !(. The first one is considered
nice. Arabs used to enjoy it a lot and poets considered it their friend. The other is
considered bad. The Quran has described it as an allegory for the Hell e.g. < & $4
1 ?$
{ ',T$ $ P{ &,$ ' ' $,~r
<
& $4
1 ? $ ' $,~r
.
Worth Reading: Aurengzeb Alamgir was the last successful king of India. He felt
a great problem about his education system. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE05-0001-Aurengzeb.htm
They committed crime

&#$ 1 ? Nectar { 'T)$ Corrosion d?
$)
They wink to express
disdain
d? &$ $L@$$ Sealed P{ &@H
1 $ Musk
X s
1 '
They returned back
&M? p? /
Its seal & & $@E' The jumped into
F$
Jesting, joking i
$ 3' G' ? He should strive for w
1 ? $5@$$6 The register of high
people
i
$ ~k'
He was rewarded <
$ ~F A water fall { '5s
1 >$ Those who are brought
close
d? &("#p? ,& 6

T#
f,1T#

s( upr/
]F )$ &
O
1 /$m' ?$ .O
1 jH
$ >$$ $3' $ O
1 p? 6?$ .c
1 "& x
& )1 zy

?m='$ .O
1 jpT& $ $3~(#$ ' O
1 /$m' ?$ .O
1 jpr
$ /
0 $,"s

?m='
.O1 jpT& $ $3~(#$ '
Q
& $ $4&
$ 1 s
$ ? .' 5'',$(' & ($$@Y' $ >'F f1 $ "}?? .' '.&,? DT1Y? $ ~()$ ?=' a X !' ?Y
$ "/=' dF $s/'
$3A? $
.
D)&#s
1 $ ' ' U1 ? ?=' Q& ' p? 5$$ .
D\'s$ D($sT'
.
D)&#s
1 $ ' ' U1 ? ' d? ?Y & "/=' .
D\'+$ ?-
1 $$ .
D)&MF &1 $
$ 1 s $ ? .' #' 31 V? 0y
$)$ & ($$@Y' $ >'F f1 $ "?$
.
D\'-($ ' (' d? ?Y & "()$ jd=' ?($ .)$ &4$ f1 ? d6 ? "fV? & "/='
K 1 3& ? $,? .{ M$? f1 $ Dp$M? "fM&Y? #1 @$? .$ s $ ">

?m=' #' ,$ p? 6
$ .$ $ $ $$ ;' 1 j
$ .' 8? "r'( & s ' .6 F ?
$,(' & ? 1 ? & j
$ .d? &(kZG? &
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
;6 ($ .d? &% &s 1 $ K dF #1 pF 6
1 3' 1 ? $ ¡
$ #' .F
?m='$ .d? &5' 1 &
.d{ &5,1 $ #& 1 S? #X 1 ? 1 3& ? c
' $4'"-

F,' $ $
&5$ f$ 'Zj
jK=' .{ '? < {
?Z+$ (' 1 U& #1 ~rM$? .d? &&
Note: The Quranic Surahs from “Al-Mulk (No. 67)” to “Al-Naas (No. 114)” describe the complete stages
of the call of the Prophet Muhammad
from beginning till end. You have read half of them in
this lesson. It is better to study again from “Al-Ma’arij (No. 85)” onwards which are included in the
Lesson 1A of Level 3 in order to get the complete picture described by the Quran.
It gathers $ $ $ Meeting Him ' '.& It was torn asunder O

1 jpr
$ /
It grows to full $ s
$ ">
Happy
D)&#s
1 $ It was right for it O
1 jpT&
You’ll definitely ascend "fM&Y? #1 @$? Beyond, behind 0y
$)$ It was stretched c
1 "&
A grade { M$? Death, destruction
D)&MF It threw O
1 p? 6?
They collect d? && He will not return back )$ &4$ f1 ? It became empty O
1 jH
$ >$
Twilight, the glow of
sunset
' 8? "r
Driven to a
X !' ?Y

Lesson 2A: Further Groups of
Dear Reader!
*8 <( is the third chapter of . Its symbol is an Alif You cannot plough a field by
(
) after the first source letter *,Y . See the \L # of it. turning it over in your mind.
( c u ]!) \'L
$ #$ *?$ 8& <(
W+$ T
W+$ #YZ T

1
;+
To combat, fight
to kill each other
e*?>$?p& )- He fought to kill ;? >$?. P+ :
Combatant ;b >'?p& ; He was fought to

kill
;? >'F. 39 :
The one who was
killed
;b >$?p& +8 He fights / will
fight to kill
;F >'?p& P+ [)
Place of fight ;b >$?p& #V He is fought / will

be fought to kill
;F >$?p& 39 [)
For certain set of source letters, the )- (O you!) Fight to
;6 >'?. P+ #:T #
of *8& <( is also used at the structure of
kill!
b $+' . For example b $@.' (to fight), !X 3' (to
struggle).
He should fight to
kill
;6 >'?p&' P+ QRS #
Usually +8 is not used for this chapter. He should be
fought to kill
;6 >$?p&' 39 #
Words related to fight or any other
interaction are usually used in this chapter
because they involve interaction of
He should not fight
to kill
;6 >'?p& K P+ I
groups. For example b $@.' (to fight), ]U9
(to struggle), *+
(to defend)
He should not be
fought to kill
;6 >$?p& K 39 I
• *8 <( is used to describe the inter-action of two or more persons on groups. For example ;F @&p6 $ ;? @$.?
means ‘to kill’. When it comes to *8& <(, it become ; F >'p& ;>. which means ‘to fight with each other’.
Similarly #& Y
F Z$ #$ Y? m? means ‘to remember’. When it comes to *8 <(, it become #& Y'
Z& #Y
m which
means ‘to discuss with each other’.
. If required, get help from the \MY # of += <(.
• Make \MY \L # from: *$+& (to deal with each other, to treat), ]#?Y
Z& (to discuss with each
other), !X $3
' (to struggle against each other), *$(p& (to face each other), [ X ?!' (to defend against each
other), ]#$`$+& (to live with each other)

;8> <( is the next chapter of . Its symbol is a Ta (c) before and an Alif (
) after the first
source letter *,Y . See the \L # of it.
( $ <(
W+$ T
W+$ #YZ T

1
;+
To compare ;b (&?p> )- He compared. ;? ($?p>$ P+ :
One who
compares
;b ('?p@$& ; He was compared. ;? ('Fp>& 39 :
Compared ;b ($?p@$& +8 He compares / will

compare.
;F ('?p@$$ P+ [)
Place of
comparison
;b ($?p@$& #V He was compared /
will be compared.
;F ($?p@$$ 39 [)
(O You!)
Compare!
;6 ('?p>$ P+ #:T #
Words related to interaction of two of more

He should
compare.
;6 ('?p@$$' P+ QRS #
;6 ($?p@$$'
persons or things are usually used in this
chapter because they involve interaction of
He should be
39 #
groups. For example ; b (&?p>$ (to compare with compared.
other), Q
X .F $+>$ (to chase another), )X & $r>$ (to
consult each other)
He should not
compare.
;6 ('?p@$$ K P+ I
He should not be
compared.
;6 ($?p@$$ K 39 I
• ;8> <( is also used mostly to describe the inter-action of two or more persons on groups. For example
;F M$p$ ;? M'.? means ‘to accept’. When it comes to ;8> <(, it become ;F ('p@ ;(p> which means ‘to compare
two things for acceptance’. Similarly ; F ,$ +1 $ ;? ,' $ means ‘to do’. When it comes to ;8> <(, it become
;F ' $+@$$ ;? $ $+>$ which means ‘to interact with other’.
. If required, get help from the \MY # of += <(.
• Make \MY \L # from: QF.+$> (to chase each other), ;&+> (to interact with each other), &M> (to go
away from each other), &?¬ (to fight each other verbally), #E8> (to be proud over each other), ;FG> (to
take care of each other i.e. insurance)

Test Yourself (1)

Fill in the blanks by putting the meanings of words in red color. The meaning of the )- is given in this
table. You have to adjust the meaning to make it an appropriate verb or noun. Also mention the name of verb
or noun, chapter, number, gender and case (if it is a noun) of each word.
English '(# English '(#

To deviate
X /&$%>$ To deceive each other e*$!$ $H&
To lay over each other Q
X YF
$#>$ To deceive [
& $ H$ [
$ $ E$
To announce ¦!$5& To promise each other e]$$
$&
To be a hypocrite e*?p? $5& To be similar to each other, to
cause a confusion
e&(r$>
To correct, to rectify, to
catch
X )&
$>$ To hide under a false
appearance to deceive
#X U& ?q>$
To lend fX &
$>$ To touch / perform sexual
intercourse with each other
e*$s$ &
To defend [
X ?!' Ne*$+?
$& To account for, to evaluate, to
make accountable
e*$M$ $4&
To be in a difficulty #X & $+>$ To account for, to evaluate, to
make accountable
<
X $sT'
To damage, to harm each
other
)X
$#:
' To indicate by eyes gesture (in
a ridiculous way)
X & L$>
To be friend of each other e*$MT$ $-& To establish, to make precise
and clear
PX ?GT=
To consult each other )X & $r>$ To fortify, to make secure, to
seek chastity
db $-T=
To ask each other b 0 $s>$ To be vulgar to each other e*$4? $s&
To call with offensive
nicknames
X (&$5>$ To be proud over each other #X E& ?8>$
To talk secretly with each
other
$$5>$ To compete in increasing
wealth
#X F?G>$
To have a dispute with each
other
[
X 2& $5>$ To be separated from each
other
e]$$ $M&
To come one after other X (&$@>$

*L English '(#

They try to ____ Allah and the
believers but they do not ____ jK=' d? &$ H
1 $ $$
&5$ f$ 'Zj
$ $ j
d? &!' $H&
anyone except themselves and they
do not ____.
d? &#+& r
1 $ $$ 1 3& s
$ 8F /?
When _____ Moses for 40 nights. *D ? 1 ? i
$ +' ($)1 ? $& $/1 $
$ m6 ='
Certainly, the cow _____ to us. $51 ? $ $ ($$r>$ #$ p? M$6
jd='
______ against them with sin and
aggression.
d'
$1 +& 6
$ ' 6' '( 1 3' 1 ? $ d? &#U$ ?q@$>$
Or ______ the women. 0y $s~5
1 @&s
1 $ K 1 ?
So soon ______ with an easy
evaluation.
& $ $4&

D\'s$ D($sT' Q $ 1 s
$ ?
When they pass by them, ______. d? &$ $L@$$ 1 3' ('
A#$
?m='$
In it, there are _____ verses. They are #& E$ F$ <
' $@G' 6
APF "fU& c
X $,G? 4
1 & c
X $ & 51 '
c
X $3('$r@$&
the core of the book. Others are
______.
(Being the) ones _____ not _____. i

$4
' ' $s& #$ 1 S? i
$ 5'-
' 4
1 &
(Being the) ones _____ not _____. c
{ $4' $s& #$ 1 S? c
{ $5-
$ 4
1 &
And _____ within you and _____ in
the wealth.
'
$1 zy
' #X F?G>$$ 1 GF 5$1 ($ #X E& ?8>$$
______ has destroyed you. #& F?G"@
1 YF $36?
O Lord! ______ between us and our
evaluation reports.
$/)' ?81 ? f$ 1 ($ 1 ' $( $5"()$
So fasting for two _____ months. f' 1 +$ ('$@@$& f' 1#$ 31 `$ P& $-
' ?
So whoever is compelled in a
situation and he is not _____ towards { /'$%@$& #$ 1 S? *{ -
{ 6' $ ,$ H
1 $ ' "#vF :
1
f1 ,$ ?
a sin.
Face the Challenge! Identify 10 words of *8 <( and 10 words of ;8> <( from the Quran other
than those mentioned in this lesson.

*L English '(#

_____ from it grains that are _____. DM'Y
$#@$& DMT$ & 51 ' J
& #' H
1 /&
O Lord! Certainly, we listened _____ who
______ for faith.
d' $o
' ' '!$5& D'!$5& $5+1 ,' $ $5"/=' $5"()$
You saw _____ they show their utmost
hesitation in coming to you.

D!&
&
$ 51 $ d? A-
& $ i
$ p' ' $5,& 6
O
$ 1?)$
If he was not _____ by the blessings of his 0'
$#+$ 6'( Z? M'5&? ' ~()$ f1 ' *b ,$ +1 /' & Y? )$
$>$ d6 ? K1?
PX &Z6 $ $ U& $
Lord, he was definitely thrown into a an
open place in a detested state.
When _____ to a fixed term, write it. & &M@&Y6 ? ,s
$ & ;{ $ ? ?=' f{ 1$ (' 1 @&5$
$>$
?m='
Verily Allah _____ the believers.
&5$ f$ 'Zj
f1 $ & '
$& $ j
jd='
If you are ______, another woman should
suckle the baby.
$#E1 F & ? & :
' #1 @&s
$ ? 1 >&#1 $ $+>$ d6 ='
A mother should _____ due to her child. $U' ?$ (' ]b $ '
$ ")$>& K
So ______. '5M1 T' $->& ?
Their hearts are _____. 1 3& (&F.F O
1 3$ ($$r>$
There is not harm on both of them if
______.
$,3' 1 ? $ a
$ $5& ? ){ & $r>$$
________ them secretly.
D#' "fU& &'
$>& K
Be fearful to Allah to whom _____. ' (' d? F0y $s@$>$ 'Zj
$ j

Fp">
$
Do not defame each other and _____ with
offensive nicknames.
<
' ?p6zy '(
&($$5>$ K$ 1 GF s
$ 8F /?
&,' 6 >$ K$
When _____, so ______ with sin and
aggression.
d'
$1 +& 6
$ ' 6' '(
1$ $5@$>$ ? 1 @&1 $ $5>$
?m='
If _____ in any matter, return it towards ' j
?=' & A!#& ? 0{ 1 `$ ' 1 @&1 2$ $5>$ d6 '?
Allah and His prophet. ' &"#
$
Rule of the Day! The words $ = are used to warn someone. For example, $ s
$4
$ 6
= (Beware of envy),
Q
$ G
fY= (O women! Beware of dog) etc. Pronouns are adjusted accordingly.

;A+8> <( (Tafa’‘ul) is the next chapter of . Its symbol is a Ta (c) before the first source letter
*,Y and a tashdeed on the second source letter *,Y [. See the \L # of it.
( $ <(
W+$ T
W+$ #YZ T

1
;+
To change (read
Taghayyur)
#X AL$ >$ )- He changed. #$ "L$ >$ P+ :
One who changes #X ~L$ @$& ; He was changed. #$ ~L& >& 39 :
One who was
changed
#X "L$ @$& +8 He changes / will
change.
#$ "L$ @$$ P+ [)
Place of change #X "L$ @$& #V He is changed /

will be changed.
#$ "L$ @$& 39 [)
(O You!) Change! #1 "L$ >$ P+ #:T #
He should change. #1 "L$ @$$' P+ QRS #

;&+8> <( is used mostly to describe an
attempt to achieve something. It also
describes the attribute of something
He should be
changed.
#1 "L$ @$&' 39 #
#1 "L$ @$$ K
occurring in a process. He should not
change.
P+ I
He should not be
changed.
#1 "L$ @$& K 39 I
• ;&+8> <( is used mostly to describe an attempt to achieve something. It also describes the attribute of
something happening. For example < & #& p$ <
$ #& .? means ‘to come near’. When it comes to ;+8> <(, it
become <& "#p? @$$ <
$ "#p$> which means ‘try to get closer to someone’. Similarly #& M$G$ #$ M'Y? means ‘to grow older
or become big’. When it comes to ;+8> <(, it become #& "MG ? @$$ #$ "MG? >$ which means ‘to consider oneself big or
to be arrogant’.
• Make \MY \L # from: #&MG> (try to be arrogant), Q&sG> (try to earn something), !&r> (try to
torture someone), <&#p$> (try to get closer to someone), F+$> (try to learn something), #YZ> (try to remember
someone)

+@
<( is the next chapter of . Its symbol is a Ta (c) after and an Alif (
) before the first
source letter *,Y . See the \L # of it.
(< ]!) \'L

$ #$ b +'@
<(
W+$ T
W+$ #YZ T

1
;+
To earn by effort <
X $s@'Y= )- He earned by
effort.
Q
$ s$ @$Y= P+ :
One who earns
with effort
Q
X s
' @$G& ; He was earned by
effort.
Q
$ s' @&YF
39 :
What is earned by
effort
Q
X s
$ @$G& +8 He earns / will
earn by effort.
Q
& s' @$G$ P+ [)
Place of earning
with effort
Q
X s
$ @$G& #V He is / will be
earned by effort.
Q
& s$ @&G& 39 [)
(O You!) Earn by
effort!
Q
1 s' @$Y= P+ #:T #
He should earn
by effort.
Q
1 s' @$G$' P+ QRS #
+@
<( is used mostly to describe the
process of doing something carefully by
He should be
earned by effort.
Q
1 s$ @&G&' 39 #
putting a lot of effort.
He should not
earn by effort.
Q
1 s' @$G$ K P+ I
He should not be
earned by effort.
Q
1 s$ @&G& K 39 I
• +@= <( is used mostly to describe the process of doing something carefully by putting a lot of effort.
For example Q & s
' G$ Q $ s $ Y? means ‘to earn’. When it comes to +@
<(, it become Q & s
' @$G$ Qs@Y
which
means ‘try to get closer to someone’. Similarly & 3$ %$ $ 3$ $ means ‘to attempt’. When it comes to <(
+@
, it become & 3' @$%$ $ 3$ @$
which means ‘to attempt by putting a lot of effort’.
• Make \MY \L # from: !3'@
(to attempt by putting effort), $s@'S
(to wash in a careful manner),
<5'@
(to abide carefully), Pq'@/
(to manage with effort),
#'@`
(to share), )M'@E
(to test carefully),
<$s@'T
(to examine deeply and carefully) etc.

Test Yourself (2)

Fill in the blanks by putting the meanings of words in red color. Frequently use the tables given in
previous pages. The meaning of the )- is given in this table. You have to adjust the meaning to
make it an appropriate verb or noun. Also mention the name of verb or noun, chapter, number,
gender and case (if it is a noun) of each word.

To move to-and-fro to
deceive

X A#4
$ >$ To guide rightly 0e
$@'U
To join a group, to be
biased
X A4
$ >$ To be careful, to be God-fearing 0e ?p~>
To turn back e*$®'$> To receive, to accept ?p? >$

To ambush, to wait 7
X A(#$ >$ To take, to strongly hold em$H~>
To do something
intentionally
X A,+$> To invade, to cross the limits 0e
'@
To separate, to divide, to
scatter
u
X A#8? >$ To outbreak, to blast and something
come out
#X "%8? >$
To end, to terminate, to
abstain
0e $3@'/
To buy 0e
$#@'`
To wait )X q'@/
To intend, to perform Tayammum e&,">$
To revenge PX p'@/
To run
& YF #$
To spread, to diffuse, to
disseminate, to scatter
)X $r@'/
To wash carefully b $s@'S
To think deeply #X G 8? >$ To perform worship at late night X A%3$ >$

To take in full, to cause
death
j$ >$ To narrow, to make tight, to make
difficult
X A
$ >$
To deceive in business
dealings

X '8v$> To be proud, to be arrogant #X AMG? >$
To be pure and clean #X A3v? >$y
Rule of the Day! The phrase d
6 &)? is used to give the sense of “I request to” e.g. &)
Z? E& }$> d6 (I request you to take), ;? YF $> d ) (I request you to eat) etc.

*L English '(#

They were not _____. f$ '@$31 &
&/?Y $
So that ______. d? Fp"@>$ 1 GF j+$ ?
So Adam ______ from his Lord
some words, so He accepted his ' 1 ? $ <
$ $@? c
{ $,' Y? ' ~()$ f1 ' P& !$ jp? @$?
repentance.
Verily you have offended against
yourself by ____ of the calf.
1 +' 6
1 YF m' $H~>(' 1 GF s
;? % $ 8F /? 1 @&,1 ? V? 1 GF "/='
They used to ______. d? &@$+1 $
&/?Y
Are _____ us a fool?
D&U& $/ZF H
' "@>$ ?
Verily, if Allah wills, _______. d? &@$31 ,& ? & j
0y $` d6 =' "/='
Verily, from the stones springs
_____.
)& $3/1zy
& 51 ' #& "%8? @$$ $,? ]' )$ $%4
' 6
f1 ' jd='
_____ for it a small price.
D '.? D5$,? ' ('
&#@$r
1 $'
The worst is that for what _____ in
return of their personality.
1 3& s
$ 8F /? ' ('
1#$ @$`1
$,s
$ 6 ('
So _____ by clean soil. DM~?
D'+
$
&,",$@$?
This is _____ (whose water) is cold
and drinkable.
<
X
$#`$ $ !X )' $( ;b s
$ @$L1 &
?ZU$
Until ______.
Fs
' @$L1 >$ "@T$
Some part of night, _____. It is an
additional prayer for you.

$ ? *D ? ' $/ ' (' 1 "%3$ @$? ;' 1 j
f1 '
Don’t harm them to ______ for
them.
"f3' 1 ? $
Fp~
$ @&' "fU& A)$>& K
Whoever will _____ that day except 1 ? { $@p' ' D~#4
$ @$& jK=' & #$ (&!& Z{ '$ 1 $ 1 3' k$ & f1 $
*{ ?' ?='
D~4 $ @$&
those _____ as a war strategy or
those _____ towards a group (army).

*L English '(#

Is there not a home in the hell for
the ______.
f$ '#~MG? @$,& 6 ' ¦6 $ $ "53$ $ ' w
$ 1 ??
They will be provided with _____. D3'($r@$& ' ('
&>F
Verily Allah loves those who repent
and those who _____.
f$ '#~3v? @$,& 6
AQ4
' &$ i
$ ('
""@
AQ4
' & $ j
jd='
Whoever kills a believer ____, his
reward will be the hell.
$ ?
D~,+$ @$& D5'1 & ;6 @&p6 $ f1 $
& "53$ $ & &
$%
So _____, We are ____ with you. d? &-~(#$ @$& 1 GF +$ $ "/='
&-"(#$ @$?
Do _____ gods are better or One
Powerful Allah?
)& "3p? 6
& T'
$6
& j
P1 ? #X 1 E$ d? F.~#8? @$& <
X $()1 ? ?
So are you ______? d? &3@$5& 1 @&/1? ;6 3$ ?
Say, “____, We are also _____.” d? &#q' @$5& "/='
&#q' @$/
;6 .F
Verily, for the criminals, We are the
one who ______.
d? &,p' @$5& i
$ ' #' %
1 ,& 6
f1 ' "/='
Near the lote-tree that is _____. $3@$51 ,& 6
]' )$ 1 ' $ 51 '
______ from their graves in a way
that they are like ______ locusts.
#X r
' @$5& !X
$#$ 1 3& "/}?Y? ¢
'
$1 zy
f1 ' d? &#& H
1 $
Verily in that, there are signs for a
nation that _____.
d? &#jG8? @$$ P{ 1 p? ' c
{ $
$ 'm? ' jd='
Those of you, who _____ and left
wives, (these wives should) _____ f$ -
1 "(#$ @$$ D
$21 ? d? &)Z? $$ 1 GF 51 ' d? 1 j$ @$& f$ 'Zj
themselves ____ for 4 months and

10 days.

D#1r$ $ #{ 3& `1 ? *? +$ ($)1 ? "f3' s
' 8F /?}('
Woe on those who _____. $ 8' k8v? ,& 6 ' ;b 1$
i
Face the Challenge!

Identify 10 words of +@
<( and 10 words of ;+8> <( from the Quran other than those mentioned in
this lesson.

about Practical Life
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study some Ahadith
of the Prophet about political and economic Make your habit to say “Assalam o alaikum” to
spheres of life. everyone
[&M&
<@Y

' j
? &)$ jd? N$#,$ & f' (1 ' j
' M1 $ f1 $ N{' $/ f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ N$14$ '5?"T$
( ) “.[ & $@M1 ,& 6

? #' @$r
1 $ d6 ? jK=' N'R'$M6 ' $U#& ,$ ?? N1c#$ ~(F 1 .?
DH1 /$ [
$ $( f1 $ ” : ? ?.
{ '+$ '( f1 $ N$,$ T1 ? '( f' (1
?1 $ ?d$86 & '( f1 $ N'f1 - $ 4 & 6
f' (1 !$ &
$! f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ '5?"T$ $
0
$#@'`1
*F 5$($
$,& 6
$ .2*' ? .? $4,& 6
$ N1*' 5$($
$,& 6
f' $ $3/$
' j
? &)$ jd? : ~)' 1 H & 6
( ) .*' v? 51 4 ' 6'( x' )1 zy

0
$#Y' *F ? .? $4,& 6
$ N';H 1 "5

' &)& ' #' ,1 "@'( #' ,$ j

' j
? &)$ jd? :#$ ,$ & f' (1 ' j
' M1 $ f1 $ N{)$5'! f' (1 ' j
' M1 $ f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ '5?"T$ $
( ) “.& $ M'p6 $ "@T$ & +1 M'$
? ? ND$+? [$ $@(1
'f$ ” : ? ?.
(1) “Muzabanah” is a transaction in which a person barters the unknown quantity of an agricultural
product against a known price.
(2) “Muhaqalah” is paying land rent in form of product of a specific piece of land. These transactions may
cause disputes in buyer and seller due to ambiguity, so the Prophet forbade them.
Face the Challenge!

Describe the symbols of +@
N;+8> N;8> N*8 N;+8> N+= <( and compare them with
each other.
Tops of date-palm trees ;' H

1 "5

' &)& He makes a condition
? #' @$r
1 $ Sales, trading, barter [M
Land rent x
' )1 zy
0
$#Y' Buyer [
& $@M1 ,& 6
Date-palm tree
DH1 /$
He purchased [
$ $@(1
Buying, purchasing 0
$#@'`1
It is pollinated c
1 #$ ~(F
He should not sell & +1 M'$ K? Dates #' ,1 "@
Its fruit (hanging on the
tree)
$U#& ,$ ?
He takes into his
possession
&
$ M'p6 $ Wheat *' v? 51 4
' 6
Seller ' R'$M6

: ]? #$ 1#$ U& '( f1 $ N$,$ T1 ? '( f' (1

?1 $ d? $86 & '( f1 $ N'f1 -$ 4& 6
f' (1 !$ &
$! f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ '5?"T$ $
N{& 1 ? *' s$ ,1 E$ d? &! $,' N$3 ' #1 H$ (' 1$
$#+$ 6
' 1 ($ ' 7
$ E$ )1 ?
' j
? &)$ jd?
( ) .{ & 1 ? *' s $ ,1 E$ d? &! 1 ? : { & 1 ? *' s $ ,1 E$ : ? ?. !& &
$! Ar & $ .{ & 1 ? *' s
$ ,1 E$ ' 1 ?

' j
? &)$ jd? : #$ ,$ & f' (1 ' j
' M1 $ f1 $ N{' $/ f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ N$14$ '5?"T$
d6 ? ?=' )$ &%
$ 6
[
& $@M1 $ ;F & "#
d? ?Y N'*"' U' $%6
;F U1 ? & +& $$M@$$ D+1($ d? ?Y$ 2.*' ? M$4
$ 6
;' M$T$ ' 1 ($ f1 $ $3/$
( ) .$35'v6 ($ ' '@j
² $ @$51 >& "F NF*.? "5
²
$ @$51 >&
f(
'5+) $° 5T .$5
f(
5T a .]R
2 ¯ f(
5T .*M` ¯ f( #G( ¯ 5T
? ) d̈ £#, f(
f N/ f N
M f 3YF .'( 5T .\,&/ f(
5T a .(+
(s) 3 .u $
$z
n? F M$> @T & 's
jp? @$>& d $3/$

(1) Some generous people gifted a tree in their garden to poor and needy people. Then they asked that
poor person to take fully-ripen fruit instead of that tree. This arrangement is called “Araya”. It is a form of
“Muzabanah” but the Prophet allowed it because the purpose was not to cheat someone. But the purpose
was to help the people.
(2) “Habal Habalah” means that a person barters a slaughtered animal for the baby in the womb of an
animal or the baby of that baby. Since the baby is something unknown and this arrangement may result in
disputes, so the Prophet forbade it.
(3) Villagers used to bring their products to Madina. Some traders used to approach them before entering
into the city in order buy their goods at minimum price, hoard it in their warehouses and sell it in the city
at a higher price. The Prophet forbade this practice to avoid monopolies in the market.
Do you know?
Camel was the backbone of the Arabian economy. Horse was the second most important animal. Arabs
used to maintain the family chain of their horses. These two animals are widely discussed in the Arabic
literature. A large number of words are used in Arabic for different types of camel. A lot of metaphors are
used in the words related to camel. Camel & horse depiction was another topic of their poetry & prose.
Its womb $35'v6 ($ Pre-Islamic period,

ignorance
*' "' U' $ He allowed as an easy
option
7
$ E$ )1 ?
It is received jp? @$>& Slaughtered animal )$ &%
$ 6
Its estimate $3
' #1 E$
Merchandise, goods 's
It gives birth to, it
produces
²$@51 >& Weight of Prophet’s time.
Plural of
X $ $ , app. 132kg { & 1 ?
Markets, plural of u& u
$
$z
She-camel *F .? "5
They sell it to each other & +& $$M@$$

'( f1 $ N'J#$ 1 zy
f' $ N'!$/~
'( f1 $ $ .d? "MT$ f' (1 $4 1 $ f' (1 ' ",4
$ & f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ N$4 1 $ $5?"T$
: X '$ ? ?. 2 .]' Z? ($$5,& 6
$ 1*' s $ $
? ,& 6
f' $ $3/$
' j
? &)$ jd? : ]? #$ 1#$ U&
N'' $ & ? +1 $ K? $
D 1 ? & $ $@M1 $ 1 ? N'' $ f$ "M$@$$ K? $ N&#$ r& 51 $ K? $ N$<1 j
;F & "#
w$ ,' 6 $ d6 ? *F s
$ $
? ,& 6
$
F Fp$$ N$,3& 51 ' ;{ A}?>$ #' 1 S? ?$ & ($1 ? ' 1 ?=' #& E$
Z? M'51 $$ N& ($1 ? ;' & "#
?=' ;F & "#
Z? M'51 $ d6 ? ]F Z? ($$5,& 6
$
( ) .]' Z? ($$5,& 6
$ *' s $ $
? ,& 6
f$ ' & 51 $ $ 3' /& 'Zj

?Z3$ ? N
?Z3$ ('
?ZU$ : $,3& 51 ' { T'
$ ; YF

' j
? &)$ jd? N$#,$ & f' (1 ' j
' M1 $ f1 $ N{' $/ f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ N$4 1 $ '5?"T$
) ".3)' $H
' 6
$ 1 ($ jK=' N?."#8? @$$ 1 ? $ ' M'T' $ ?$ )' $H
' 6'( $,3& 51 ' { T'
$ ; YF d' $+'$M@$,& 6
" :? ?.
(
' j
? &)$ jd? : ]? #$ 1#$ U& '( d6 y ,[ J
' #$ 1 zy
f' $ N'!$/~
'( f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ N$4 1 $ $5?"T$
( ) ".1 M$@1 $6 ? 40{ ' $ ?$ 1 YF & T$ ? $ M'>1F
?m='$ NX6 VF ~5'L$ 6
;F v6 $ " : ? ?.

:) P
p
f Nd
+ f( E f N) f Ns /³E : f( U
#(= 5T
f' ;? Y} d6 f'
¦#1 E N´µ.' ¦+ X T ;Y ” :.

) f N5
()¶) “.' ' $ ;' , f' ;F YF }$ dY Ps
!$ &
$!
'
$ M'/$ d̈= N'' $ ;' ,
(1) “Mulamasa” is a transaction in which a person buys an ambiguous product. It was a form of lottery.
The buyer had to pay a fixed price. Different products were hidden under a cover. The buyer had to touch
one of them without looking at them. He used to win the product he touched.
(2) “Munabaza” is a transaction in which a person buys something ambiguous by throwing a pebble or
arrow on it without looking inside it. Both of them are a form of gamble, so the Prophet forbade them.
(3) “Ba’i ul Khayar” is a transaction in which the buyer has the right to return the product.
(4) If a debtor asks the creditor to receive money from someone else on his behalf, he should do so.
Delaying ;F v6 $ Close examination ;{ A}?>$ He touches w

$ ,' 6 $
He is followed to, referred to $ M'>1F The two who trade i.e.
buyer & seller
d' $+'$M@$,& 6
Cloth <
$ 1 j
An affluent person 0{ '$ Option, choice )' $H

' 6
He spreads it & #$ r
& 51 $
Both of them did not
separate
?."#8? @$$ 1 ? He throws Z? M'51 $

\r( f( d,+5
O+½ :¿+r
O+½ N]# ¯ f N*5 f(
5T :,¾ f(
M 5T
f Nd8 /³E :\Y f( ,¾ 5T .(a)
'M5
f N,35
:)
:
'M5
. :. 5
:) \r( f( d,+5
f N'M+r
f N]# ¯
d? $M@$
$,' dY ' 6
f $ M$`$ $ #$ >$ f$, Nb*3$ M$@$r
1 & )X &F ,35( NXi( P
#À
fX ~($ F À
”
N'
$ ,1 T' '$+,$ 6
.d?M$@$
$ .'
$& d
$ `$ ' 6
f Ar & $ ?#$ @$1
f$ N$#$ >1
()¶) .& +$ .'
$& d6
& `' & ' ,$46
? $T & >$#$ f$
f»#
M ¼ NM ¯ f N<3` f(
f N;p f N
5T :\G( f( º° 5T
d6 z” :

) . :p 5
:) ]##U ( ½ / : f(
()¶) “.& +$ 5$,$ ' 'v+& N
¦T$ ? }?s$ d6 f' #X 1 E$ N'#' 3?V *b $ 'T FY& T Q
$ v' @$4$
N{P$rU' f' (1 ¢ ' )' $46
f' (1 f' ,$ T1 "#
' M1 $ f' (1 #' G6 ($ '( f1 $ N{<$3`' f' (1
f' $ N{'$ f1 $ N$4 1 $ '5?"T$
1 ?$ N&51 ' & $ $@(1
'Zj
w
$ ? 6 }?? D$@$ [$ $( ;{ & )$ $,A?” : ? ?.
' j
? &)$ jd?
Q& T' -$ ? N&$ $@(1
'Zj
c $ $ d6 ='$ N'(' AT$ ? $ 3& ? N'5'1 +$ (' & $ $ $ ? ND1`$ ' 5',$ ? f1 ' & $ $( 'Zj

' M'p6 $
( ) “.0' $#$ L& 6
]F $ 1 F ' ' [ ' $@,$ 6
He has not grabbed

' M'p6 $ 1 ? Protected area $ ,1 T' Clear fX ~($
Its price ' 5',$ ? He grazes & >$#$ Unclear, ambiguous *b 3$ M$@$r
1 &
The same item ' 5'1 +$ (' He gathers firewood Q
$ v' @$4$ It was ambiguous $ M$`$
The most deserving of it ' (' AT$ ? Tied, bundled *b $ 'T It became clear d? $M@$
Equal ]F $ 1 F Back #' 3?V He dared ?#$ @$1
Creditors 0' $#$ L& 6

So he gives him ' 'v+& It is possible that
$ `$
He became bankrupt w
$ ? 6 ? He goes on something $ .'
$& d


' j
F &)$ $ ? s1 @$1
: ? ?. & "/? N
' j
' &)$ ?1 $ { '
$) '( f1 $

' j
F &)$ '/#$ $ }?? : { '
$) &(? ? ?. N'*.? $ "-
f$ ' ;b ('=' & >10y $%? ND
#6G($
F &)$ ? ?p? “.D'$()$
D)$E' D ,$ $ jK=' ;' (''
' 1 ' ? 1 ?” :O & 6 pF ? N&#$ G6 ($ ;? & "#
$
' .6 ? d6 ?
( ) “.0| $.? 1 3& 5&s $ T1 ? ' "5
)$ $E' jd'? N&"'= ' v' 1 ?” :
' j
1 M'$ K? $ N'1 M$6 ' d? $MY6 A#

&jp? >$ K? ” :? .?
' j
? &)$ jd? ]? #$ 1#$ U& '( f1 $
f' ,$ ? .$ 5$L$ 6
$ ;? (''
2
A#- $ >& K? $ N{!$M' #X :
' $T 1 M'$ K? $ N1
&r$ $5>$ K? $ N{+1 ($ ' 1 ($ ?$ 1 GF & +1 ($
$U"!)$ $3v? H ' $ d6 ='$ N$3G? s $ 1 ? $3$:
' )$ d6 =' N$3M$F 4 1 $ d6 ? $ +1 ($ f' 1#$ q? "5
#' 1 H
$ (' $ 3& ?
$ 'm? $ +1 $( $3$ $@(1
& j
$ #$ /& $,'
' j
' &)$ ' 1 .? \ &s ' 86 >$$ : X '$ ? ?. “.#{ ,1 >$ f1 ' D$$
f$ Y? )$
?m=' ' 'E? P' 1 $ ?$ ;F & "#
P$ &s$ d6 ? $3/$ $,"/=' & "/? “. { +1 ($ ' 1 ($ ?$ 1 GF & +1 ($ 1 M'$ K? " & ? 1 ?
' (' & #$ +1 & ",'
?ZU$ $ M$`1 ? $$ N'<&+& 6
f$ ' F"#M$@$$$ NQ ' U$ jZ
d? 21 $ F #' @$r
1 $ ;? +$ $ $ N'R'"s
?=' & R'$M6
( ) .& ? 1 ? & j

$ N&51 $ $3/$ 'Zj

?Z3$ ? N'R'"s
*? +$ $$M& !$
$)? 1 .? $ 'R$M6
jd?
(1) “Najsh” means that the seller appoints an agent secretly in the market to offer for more price. The
objective is to give a false impression of price to the buyer. (2) Some sellers of livestock do not milk their
animals before selling to give a false impression to the buyer that the animal milks more.
He is happy with it $3$:

' )$ Settling the loans 0| $.? He took as a loan (for
government matter)

$ ? s
1 @$1
He should hold it $3G? s

$ 1 ? Don’t meet, receive
&jp? >$ K A young camel
D#6G($
He is unhappy with it $3v? H
' $ Riding people d? $MY6 A#
Camels ;b ('='
He should return it back $U"!)$ Don’t increase price
falsely

&r$ $5>$ K? Zakat, Govt. tax *' .? $ "-
A measure of Prophet’s
time
D$ One living in a city #X :
' $T I settle the loan '.6 ?
That he offers for
purchase
P$ &s$ d6 ? One living in a village, a
country person
!{ $( Camels
D ,$ $
He is attracted to f$ Y? )$ Don’t gather milk in the
milking organs

A#-
$ >& K? Better
D)$E'
He becomes free F"#M$@$$ Looking (as a good
animal to milk)
f' 1#$ q? "5
Four years old D'$()$
Defects <
' &+& 6
That he milks it $3M$F 4
1 $ d6 ? The best of them 1 3& 5&s
$ T1 ?

M f(
M f N#U
f N(
5T :]» f( º° 5T :), f( PrU 5T
f& '
$& #X ' $> d? ?Y :.
'M5
f N5
:) ]##U ( $ ,' $ / :
.5
2%@ “."5$ 2& $ $%@$$

j;+$ ? N5
&2$ $%>$” :' /'$@$8? ' .
¦#"s+$ & ?)$
?m N$5
()¶)
:¢)À
f(
M f N;Á
¯ Â f N]!@. f N*M+` 5T :<#T f( d, 5T
dF $+$M
” :

) . :. 5
:) P
T f( GT ¼= +)
$,@$Y? d6 = N$,3' +' $( ' $,3& ? $ )$ &( $5"($ ?."
$ d6 N.#8@ @T” :. “.?."#8? @$$ ? )' $H ' 6'(
()¶) “.,'3+' $( *b Y? #$( O
1 p? 4
' & $(jZY?
:) <5 f( ]#½ f N0) ( 5T :P2T f( ## 5T :;,1= f( 5T
x{ ) ¼= '/$#$ E} N'/$>$F f' 1 ) *? ? ?
O
& )” :
'M5
. :. 5
' $$ i( Nb;& )$ #' 3$5

µ
' NXR. ;b ) ' N{P!$ f' #{ 3$/ $5$> @T $5p6 ? v? / .*{ $ "p? &
.' ' ' #{ %
$4$ (' ;F #
$)$ J
$ #& H$ d ;#
!
)
m N'#35
' Z
;F #
;M.} .])%'T
:Op NdY ,Y & ' #$ N{#% $4 $ (' ' $)$ J$ #& H$' 0y $ $,jYF ;? +$ %
$ NdY F $T & "!#$ ?
()¶) “.$(~#
;F Y' #' 3$5
' & @$$) Z
:p
ZU
Worth Reading
How to overcome procrastination? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0016-
Procrastination.htm
Stone #{ %
$ T$ Both of them hide $,@$Y? He sells on credit f& '
$&
He returned him & "!)$ It is destroyed O
1 p? 4
' & On in a difficult
condition (financially)

¦#"s+$ &
Eater, one who eats ;F Y' We rushed to $5p6 ? v? /
Leave!
&2$ $%>$
Usury, interest $(~#
Blood P{ !$ Both of them did not
separate
?."#8? @$$ ?
He threw to beat $ $) It is blessed $ )$ &(

f(
M O & 1 p? ? :. )s f( 0v f NU 5T :_ 5T :d5 f( ,¾ 5T
'

) *' 8 f '/#1 M'E1 ” :O. :,35
:) Ã+
f( #,
"/= !'M5
3 ” :d' #Fp
' ' @'8?
' ' +$M(' ]'
)@
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N6;$ ” :. “.]
)@
w N?;kY$ @$,& 6

$ @&",$ N') M O $ / N$f1 ~~Ä
'
¦)'T “.
¦#'Z/$
¦#~rM$&
¦U' $` $ $5$)
f? N&#8' L$ F8+$ "fG' ? N?*s
*' ?~"s'( & ? 1 $ K N'u
z
' < { "H$ K N{'S? K 8? ('
¦/
m N¦,& ¦5& 3'( _& @$8& N
K= = K :
FpF $ d6 }( N'0$$ +'
*? j,' 6
( $ 'p& @T
$ $ M'p$
.D8F SF ¦(F.F N,
&
:P f(
f N0v f NU f N+ . .U f N*, ¯ f( +
M 1 & +$ ($$>
.¦/&@H$ f1 GF $ ?
m= :
& ? S ;b & )$ N0?8?S
X ?. N& ? S
X $ N{'S ' 0{ $` ; YF :
$ ? S?
()¶)
(1) “Taba’a” describes that the same Hadith has been described through another chain of narrators. Such
Hadith is called “Tabi’”. This is the terminology of the discipline of the “Principles of Hadith”.
Rule of the Day!

There are certain nouns, which gives the meaning of verbs. They care called ;+8
1
, e.g. "U$
(Let), { (Ah! I’m feeling pain),
{ (Ugh! I contempt), f1 (Amen! Accept it) etc.
One who can hear ¦/

m Harsh, rough
{ 'S? One who is
characterized

X &$
Deaf ,
& One who quarrels loudly <
{ "H$ Witness, observer
¦U' $`
Wrapped D8F SF Bad behavior *? s
Bearer of glad tidings
i.e. Paradise

¦#~rM$&
Wrapper, cover
{ 'S He will not cause him to
die
$
$ M'p$ f? Protector
¦)'T
Bow
X ?. Religion *? j,' 6
Gentiles f$ 1 ~~z
Being wrapped 0 ?8?S Right 0' $$ +'

I named you
$ @&",$
Circumcised ¦/&@H$ One who can see ¦5& One relying on Allah ;? kY$ @$,& 6
Blind ¦,& Rude, harsh ?

]##U ¯ f NQs
f( + f N#U
5T :d8 5T :
M f( 5T
K .
r5> K .!{ $M' #X : ' $T $ 'M$ d6

) 3$/ :. 5
:)
' }?8? G$@' $3@'E u
$ ]F ?#','
F }s$> N''E *' M$v'E Q
& vF H$ K .' 'E ' $( ;F #
& M
()¶) .$3R'$/=
N+ ¯ f( + f N* f( ;,1= f N f( º° 5T :PT# f( #r( '5T
&3,& -$E / *b ??” :
. :.
'M5
f N5
:) ]##U ¯ f
?$@
¦#1 ' #$ $ }$@
;b ) N&5$,$ ? ;? Y? }?
#T& [
$ $( ;b ) N$)$ S? F '( ?v ;b ) :*' p
P$
()¶) “.& #$ & v' +& ? & 5'
N\Y f(
M f N_§ ¯ f(
/³E :* f( ;,1= /³E :])
)2 f( #, '5T
N?*5

F ) P$ ".? :. ,35
:) M f(
f N35
¯ f
f$” :p .;,1= "`$ Nb*?? f$ 1 $ :. N$f1 $ +
P$ $+
#' ,$ ?
' d? F8ks$ &
& 5

()¶) “.P+ d{ 2$ $ NP+ ;{ ?Y ' 1 ks $ &6 ? N#,$> '
$ ? $
Worth Reading
Success of the Hereafter does not depend on attachment to a group. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0009-Attachment.htm
His remuneration & #$ He did not fulfill a

promise
)$ $ S? He proposed for
marriage
Q
& vF H$
They give as a loan d? F8ks
$ & A free person
#T& A marriage proposal *' M$v'E
Year P$ $+
He appointed an
employee
#$ $ }$@
To turn away from }?8? G$@'
He was doubtful "`$ Employee, laborer
¦#1 ' Her plate (metaphor
for home)
$3R'$/=
Measure ;{ ?Y He took full (work) ?$@
One who presents a
lawsuit
&3,& -$E
Weight d{ 2$ $ He did not give him & v' +& ? He promised in my
name
'( ?v

x
'
$#p'
<@Y
f' (1 #$ ,$ & $5(1
' j
& 1 M$& $ ' j
& M1 $ J $ #$ E$ :? ?. & "/? ' '(? f1 $ N$? 1 ? f' (1 ' 12$ f1 $ NX'$ '5?"T$
N']#$ -1 M$6
#& 1 ' ? $ U& $ ~#' +$ `1 zy
$& '( ?$
"#$ ? 8? .? ",? ? N'u
$#+' 6
?=' © { 1 $ ' '<jvH $ 6
$5U& $U ?($” :? ?. "F “.O & 6 +$ 8? ? ' (' $,GF +& 8? /1? #{ 1 ? ?$ $,GF ? )& ' .6 ? 1 ?” :? ?. "F N?;"3$ $ $,3' (' Q $ "T#$ ?
[' $@$ f1 ' D$@$ ' (' d' $$@M1 @$? & $,GF 8F ' 1 }F? N$i'5' 1 ,& 6
\ ' ' ? ?=' ' (' ? +$ (1? d6 ? & ')F N'j
'$ f1 ' b $
“.$,GF ? _ & (1~#
dF FG$$ N$f1 5'' 1 ,& 6
\ ' ' ? ?=' '$,6
$ 6)$ d' $~!$ @&? N'*5$',$ 6'( ' /'$+'M>$ "F N'u
$#+' 6
$$( $' .? ",? ? N?$,6

$,3& 51 ' Z? E& }6 $ d6 ? <
' jvH$ 6
f' (1 #$ ,$ & ?=' Q $ @$?Y$ N?;+$ 8? ? “. $ 'm? $/!1 !' $ ” :K? ?p?
? ?p? “.K? ” :K? ?. “$,GF 8? ? 1 ? $ ;? 6 ' & 8? ? 1 ? ©
' 1 %
$ 6
; YF ?” :? ?. #$ ,$ & ?=' $ 'm? $+? !$ ",? ? N$4(')1 F}?
N$OG? s $ ? ' j
& M1 $ "}?? “.& 4$ (1)' $ ? $,6
$~!? N$,GF 8? ? 1 }?? i$ 5'' 1 ,& 6
\
' '? $5(1
” :<
' jvH $ 6
f& (1 #& ,$ &
“.& "5,'
$ ? $ ? U$ 1 ? F $,6

?ZU$ 7 $ p? /$ 1 ? N
?ZU$ i$ 5'' 1 ,& 6
\
$ ' ? $ $ ? 'LM$51 $ $” :? ?p? ' j
& 1 M$& "?$
\
$ ' ? $” :#$ ,$ & 0' $s? & f1 ' ;b & )$ ? ?p? .' j
& 1 M$& & +$ $
$)$ ' j
& M1 $ O$ G? s $ ? “.& $~!?” :#& ,$ & ? ?p?

$ - 1 /'$ ' $,6
$ 6)$ #& ,$ & Z? E$ }?? “.D:
$#.' & @&6 +$ $ 1 .? ” :#& ,$ & ? ?p? “.D:
$#.' & @$6 +$ $ 1 ? !i $ 5'' 1 ,& 6
( ) .' $,6

_ ' (1)'
$ - 1 /' <' jvH $ 6
f' (1 #$ ,$ & $5(1
' j
& 1 M$& $ ' j
& M1 $ Z? E$ ?$ N'4 ' (1)'
Profit _
& (1~#
He facilitated ;? "3$ Loan, lending x
$#.'
We like $/!1 !' $ I’m able to )& ' .6 ? Two sons $5(1
Both of them earned profit $4(')1 F I’ll give benefit to both

of you
$,GF +& 8? /1? Military expedition ©
{ 1 $
(O both of you!) Pay $~!? I give it to both of you
as a loan
& $,GF 8F ' 1 F Both of them returned
? 8? .?
It is not correct 'LM$51 $ $ So both of you sell d' $$@M1 @$? Both of them passed
"#$
We have guaranteed it & "5,' :
$ Both of you pay d' $~!$ >& Governor #& 1 ' ?
Capital ' $,6

$ 6)$ He welcomed Q
$ "T)$

x
' )z
0'
#'Y *' +$ 8&r
]' ?.$s,& 6
<@Y
d? ?Y
' j
? &)$ jd? : ){ $s$ f' (1 d? $,1 ? & f1 $ N{<$3`' f' (1
f' $ NX'$ '5?"T$ $
f1 ' D6T$ & ?
&+,$ %
$ ? : ? ?. N$#M$1 E$ !' &3$ f$ 1 ($$ & 5$1 ($ Ã
& #& H 1 $? N1 #$ M$1 E$ ?=' *? T$
$)$ f$ (1 ' j
$ M1 $ F +$ M1 $
#$ r
$ +1 $ $ :*? T$
$)$ f& (1 ' j
& M1 $ ? ?p? .' s1 p? 6
' 21 $ $%>$$ "5$ 1 k8E$ $ $ ?
?ZU$ :
F?p? 1 3' R'$s/' 6T$
$ "}?? N1GF 1 ? $
$ 'T? d6 ? ?$ '' $4(' $
?m $ $ N"?=' ' j
' 6 E$ ' L$ (1? f1 ,' ? 1 GF "/'= ' j
$ !!' &3$6
.x
& )1 zy
$ c &
$,$ "s
O ' $ ?.
?Z3$ (' :
F?p? .$3F YF }6 /$ K? "/='$ NXO4 1 & $3"/'? ]' $ `1 A#
f$ ' 1@&: 1 #$ $
' M1 $ f' (1 *? ,$ ? $ '( f1 $ $ N'Q"s $ ,& 6
f' (1 ' '+$ f1 $ N{<$3`' f' (1
f' $ N{'$ f1 $ N$4 1 $ $5?"T$
f$ 1 ($ 1 s
$ p6 & 1 ? $,' 2 *' +$ 86 Ar'( $.?
' j
? &)$ jd? : { 1 $ f' (1 f' ,$ T1 "#
.' ' *? +$ 86 `&

? ? N13& 5$1 ($ !& &4
& 6
O
' +$ .? $
?m'? N'0?Y#$ Ar

' j
? &)$ jd? N''(? f1 $ N?]$ #1 & f' (1 P' $rU' f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ N$4 1 $ '5?"T$
( ) “.T$ { '?V u { #1 +' ' w
$ 1 ?$ N&? $ 3' ? 3 *D @$~$ D:1)? $T1 ? f1 $ ” :? ?.
(1) After conquest of Khyber, the Prophet allowed its inhabitants who were Jews to cultivate their lands.
Half of the produce was payable as a tax to the government. On first occasion, the Jews offered a bribe
A’bdullah Ibn Ruwaha to deal with them justly.
(2) “Shuf’a” means that if a person in a jointly-owned land wants to sell his share, he should offer it first
to his partners and then to anyone else.
(3) In Arabia, there was huge amount of uncultivated land owned by the government. The objective of this
instruction was to promote agriculture in the country.
Forbidden O
X 4
1 & Division ' s
1 p? 6
Irrigation ]' ?.$s&
We eat it $3F YF }6 /$ The most detested
' L$ (1? Preemptive right *' +$ 8&r
It is not divided 1 s
$ p6 & 1 ? Carrier '' $T Rent 0'
#'Y
He gave life (he cultivated) $T1 ? I am unjust
$ 'T? He estimates (the shares
of govt. & farmers)
Ã
& #& H
1 $
Dead, (uncultivated land) *D @$~$ You present 1 @&:
1 #$ $ Ornaments, Jewelery 6T$
Vein, one who captures
land unjustly
u
{ #1 ' Bribe ]' $ `1 A#
Reduce!
1 k8E$

jd? N& L$ ? ($ & "/? N{P1 T$ f' (1 '#,1 $ f' (1 ' ",4
$ & f' (1 #' G6 ($ '( f' (1 ' j
' M1 $ f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ N$4
1 $ '5?"T$
"F N'f1 M$+1 G? 6
"@T$ & s $ ,1 &” : Q{ 5'1Z? & $ ){ &31 $ ;' 1 $ ' ? ?.
' j
? &)$
( ) “.;' 8? 1 zy
?$ ?1 zy
;F ' #1 &

' j
? &)$ jd? N?]#$ 1#$ U& '( f1 $ N'J#$ 1 zy
f' $ N'!$/~
'( f1 $ NX'$ '5?"T$ $
( ) “.Ä G? 6
' (' $ 5$,1 &' N'0$,6
;F
1 ? & 5$,1 & ?K” :? ?.

' j
? &)$ jd? N?]#$ 1#$ U& '( f1 $ N'J#$ 1 zy
f' $ N{<$3`' f' (1
f' $ NX'$ '5?"T$ $
' $” : ]? #$ 1#$ U& &(? F Fp$ "F “.' )'
$' Æ $U2& #' L1 $ *D M$r
$ E$ & )$ $ 1 YF & T$ ? & 5$,1 $ K? ” :? ?.
( ) “.1 GF ' $@Y6 ? f$ 1 ($ $3(' "f$' )1 zy ' j
$ N$i: ' #' +1 & $351 $ 1 YF
$)?
N*/
( 5T :)M
f( f»#
M ÅT (a) */
( 5T :+ f( *M@. 5T

& #' L$ { s& f' :

) . :. 5
:) w/ f N]!@. f
()¶) .*. ( dY K= Nb*,$ 3' ($ Nbds/= NX#1 ? 5 ;F YF }$ N¦)$2 [
& $)$ ¦#?S
' '
)$ f1 $ N~.' )$ A
w { 1 .? f' (1 *? ? q? 51 T$ f1 $ N'f,$ T1 "#
' M1 $ '( f' (1 *? +$ '()$ f1 $ N{'$ f1 $ N$14$ $5?"T$
O& 6}?s $ ? :*F ? q? 51 T$ ? ?. .1 [ ' )'
$,$ 6
0'
$#Y' f1 $ $3/$
' j
? &)$ jd? : ² { 'E$ f' (1
( ) “.' (' $ }6 ($ ? ? u ' )' $ 6
$ Q
' U$ jZ'( "?” :? ?p? u ' )' $ 6
$ Q
' U$ jZ'( ²
{ 'E$ f$ (1 $ '
$)
(1) See the next page for explanation.
He plants
& #' L$ Herbs Ä
G? 6
Flood, flow of water ;' 1 $
He cultivates [
& )$ $ His neighbor & )$ $ Upper valley of a river ){ &31 $
Animals *b ,$ '3($ Wooden plank or peg *D M$r
$ E$ Lower valley of a river Q
{ 5'1 Z? &
Agricultural field [
' )'
$,$ 6
He fixes it $U2& #' L1 $ It is hold
& s
$ ,1 &
Gold Q
' U$ jZ
His wall ' )'
$' Two ankles f' 1 M$+1 G? 6
Silver u
' )' $ 6
I’ll definitely fix it "f$' )1 zy Upper ?1 zy
There is no problem in it ' ('

$ }6 ($ K? Your shoulders 1 GF ' $@Y6 ? Lower ;' 8? 1 zy

:)-/z
w. f( *q5T f N+ f( º° /³E :
M /³E :;>p f( ,¾ 5T
35 *' $T' "5'( x
$ )z
'#G&/ 5Y N1 ¦)$ !$ & *5,6
;' U #& ?Y "5YF ” :. ²E f(
) $ ,' $
& ? s$ x$ )z
< & $-& ,' N$x)z
& ? s$> m < & $-& ",,' :. .x ' )z
' ~s $ ' ,s$ &
()¶) .Z{ '$ $ fFG$ u ' )$ $
Q
$ UZ
N$5$3&5 Nm

' F F
d? &)$ $ K= N{]#$ %'U O ' ( ;F U *' 5'( ” :. #8+ ¯ f Ns f( w. .
Np
N+
M f( #, N!+s f(
M N f( + N [ $ )$
$2 .' (&#&

O& 5FY :!z
f( f»#
M . .f\ f(
N N#, N#G( ¯ N]#
' ' 5' f' )' Z$M'( #& ,$ & 0y $ d6 =
$ 5
#& , ;? $ $ .[)
' f( f,1T#
M & )' $`F
.
?ZY? 3 )' Z$M'(
&$ d= N&#v$r
& ? ?
3 J $ #$ E$ , N¦+',$ d' ?p8F 5& N,'UTz x & )z
d? G> d $ }$( K” :(#-() f$ s $4 $ 6
.
U
#(= . . -5
f$ vFp
'5@$%$ d6 }( K :fsÀ
. .#U
m & $) .$,3& 5$$(
.' ' 4$/ (#( ( < $ ?
$ v' +& d6 }( K :]!@. #U
GÀ
0v f\ f(

()¶) .,s $ & ;{ ¼= (#

*? $`' $,6
d? G> d }( K :#,+ .
(1) “Muzara’ah” means that the landlord gives his land to a farmer on rent. The rent is either payable in
form of a share in crops. It may also be payable in gold, silver or currency.
During Prophet’s time, some landlords used to fix the portion of land near to a river for themselves. It was
an exploitation of the farmers. Prophet forbade that. Giving land on rent is allowed only if there is no
exploitation. Such situations are described in the opinions of the Companions and Tab’ieen. Similar is the
situation in many Muslim countries now where feudal lords exploit the peasants. All this exploitation is a
violation of Islamic teachings.
Half #& v$r

It is afflicted (and crop
lost)
<
& $-& Farms ¦)$ !$ &
He grows a crop '5@$%$ He worked as a farmer [
$ )$
$2 We give on rent '#G&/
Cotton f$ vFp
I was a partner, I shared & )' $`F Direction, special
location situated near *' $T' "5
There is no harm! No
problem!
}( K He made a deal ;? $ $ water
Cattle (to plough) *? $`' $,6

Seeds )' Z$M

:) #, . :. ( f N f( 2 f N f Nf,1T#

M /³E :*. 5T

'M5
$ "s.? ,Y 3'U f1( $3@$,"s.? K= *b $#?. O
1 4
$ @'F Ni,s
&#E' K” :5
()¶) .#$ M$1 E$

f Nf,1T#
M f( ,¾ f N#8+ ¯ f(
M f N
5T :\G( f( $° 5T
O
1 s
$ ? ¦:) #$ ,$ 1 ? f$” :.
'M5
f :35
:) *rR f N]#
()¶) .' @'? $E ' 5
:) #, ( $.? :]# . .AT$ ? $ 3& ? { T$ z
Â ( O+½ :. ©,z
f N!2 f( T

M 5T :;,1= f( 5T
#Fq5 K *b ” :

) . :p 5
:) ]##U ( O+½ :p
:X <
X
Z 3? '3kY$ & K *' p
P$ 3=
.;' 'Ms
$
f' (
f' & +$ 5$,$ ' '#v? '( 0{ $ ;F ? dY ;b )
.µ
?H$ $ 35 & v' +& ? d6 = $ :
' )$ $35' & ?v d6 N$/&' K= & +& '$M& K ¦$= $ $$( ;b & )$
& .? $ -
$ N
ZY
ZY 3'( O
& ?v 1 p? ? N#1S = K Z

:p #' -+
$ +( & @$+$ ' P$ ?. ;b & )$
()¶) ““. D '.? ¦5,$ ? '3/'$,1=
' 3$+(' d? &#@$r$ fZ
d=” :*
ZU ?#$ .? F .;b & )$
Do you know?
Some Arabian tribes used to burry their newly-born daughters. They used to feel bad
to have an in-law relation with someone. Islam abolished this practice.
Worth Reading
What are success secrets? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0015-Secrets.htm
He did not give him & v' +& ? Way ' '#v?
He inhabited (he
cultivated)
#$ ,$ 1 ?
He became angry µ
?H$ $ The son of road i.e.
traveler
;' 'Ms
$
f' (
The most deserving AT$ ?
His merchandise & @$+$ ' He gave oath of
allegiance
$ $$( He passed the judgment $.?
I was given (big price) O
& ?v Ruler ¦$= He will purify them '3kY$ &

*' $
' .z
<@Y
$,"/='" : ? ?.
' j
? &)$ jd? N
~M'"5
J ' 1 2$ *? ,$ ? $ ~PF f1 $
?$ & ? $ ' .6 }?? N{+1 ($ f1 ' ' @'"%4 & (' f$ 4$ 6? d? FG$ d6 ? 1 GF
$ +1 ($ j;+$ ? ? N"?=' d? &,-' @$H1 >$ 1 GF "/='$ NX#r $ ($ $/?
*D +$ v6 .' & ? & v? .6 ? $,"/'? ND1`$ & 51 ' jdZ? E& }6 $
? ? ' 'E? ~T$ f1 ' 0{ 1 r$ (' & ? O& 1 $ .? f1 ,$ ? N&51 ' & ,$ 1? $ ' 4
1 /$
( ) ".)' "5
f$ '
' 1 ?=' $ -
$ @$E1
< ' jvH $ 6
f$ (1 #$ ,$ & jd? : Q
' "s $ ,& 6
f' (1 ' '+$ f1 $ N{'+$ f' (1 $4 1 $ f1 $ NX'$ '5?"T$ $
O$ 1 $ .? 1 p? ? ' j
$” : A!' &3$6
& ? ? ?p? N&? $p? ? N~!' &3$6 ' "4 $ 6
jd? #& ,$ & ?#$ ? N!' &3$$ X ' s 1 &
& %' /$ "/='” :A!' &3$6
& ? ? ?p? “$')1 & $$ ” :? ?. "F N']")~'( < ' jvH$ 6
f& (1 #& ,$ & & ($#$
$ ? “.~4 $ 6'(
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“Diyah” means the penalty imposed on a person who causes physical harm to other unintentionally by
mistake. If the harm is intentional, then retaliation will be taken from him unless the aggrieved person
accepts the Diyah. The Prophet implemented the amount of “Diyah” according to Pre-Islamic Arab
Tradition which is mentioned in the above mentioned Hadith. It was paid and received in form of camels
which was the most valuable thing in Arab. As a matter of ease, the tribe of the person causing harm was
liable to pay the amount jointly. During expansion of Islamic State to Non-Arab countries, it became
difficult to pay “Diyah” in form of camels. Therefore, Caliph U’mar fixed it in gold and silver coins.
Worth Reading
What is the Quranic Strategy for Personality Development?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0005-Quranic.htm
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(1) The Prophet forbade strictly to follow the government even if the ruler is unjust. Islam does not like
anarchy and leaves no room for it. There is no Jihad without government. Those who wage a war without
government in the name of Jihad, are strongly condemned by the Prophet.
Shield *b "5& Difficulty #' s&+

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(1) The Prophet’s instructions are so strict in following the government because if a group revolts against
the government to suppress the unjust behavior of the ruler, it results in a civil war. A civil war does not
stop the offense of the ruler, but it tears out the entire society completely. We can see examples in our
present world. Islam allows a peaceful struggle against the injustice of government but it does not allow
any armed struggle as mentioned in above Ahadith.
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) #$ G? /} ND*?&@p$
'M5
'2$L$ ' +( ' c 1 $ ' &
()¶) “.d' $M~-
$ 0' $s5'
;? @?.

:) ]##U ¯ f N)s f( d, f N\G( f N
5T :+ f( *M@. 5T
3'( <
& kZ+$ & K )$ $5
d̈=” :J
$ &#H
& 6
$/!$) iT

) . :. / 5
()¶) “.
K=
N)-/z
f(
M O & +',$ :O( f( 5T :*M+` 5T := ¯ f( P! 5T
()¶) .*? ? &,6
'M3$5
f'
'M5
$3/$ :. N ( U
N#, f(
M f NU9 5T :fsÀ
5T :T

M 5T :78T f( w. 5T
$34
$ 1)' d̈= N?*"5%
$ 6
*? 4
$ R'
$) a
1 #' & ?
¦U' $+& ¦s8$/ ;? @$.? f$” :.
'M5
f
()¶) “.¦$ f$ 1 +' ($) ]' #$ 1 s
' $ f' & $ &?

Non-Muslim having a peace
agreement with Muslims

¦U' $+& So he renounced, he
forbade
#$ G? /} He doesn’t leave him
(under oppression)
& ,& ' s& K
He will not smell a
1 #' & ? Children d' $M~-
In fulfilling the need of *' "$T '
Smell, aroma, fragrance *? 4
$ R'
$) Coming out (for a war) J
$ &#H
& 6
He separated J
$ "#?
Its fragrance $34
$ 1)' He does not punish <
& kZ+$ & K Suffering *D ($#FY
Distance ]' #$ 1 s
' $ Taking something
illegally
'M3$5
He covered (a
weakness)
#$ @$$
Years ¦$ Harming dead bodies *? ? &,6
War, battle '2$L$

*,p f Nd8 f N)

8
u4= ( /³E N f( <M¾ Yv/z
Â ( 5T

'
' (
&S
” :. ¨
"M'5
d̈ ( f N]#( f( d, f N# f(
F @&p$> K N
Fj,$ >$ K N
L& >$ K N
&)' L$> K
&S
. ( #$ 8? Y? f$
F>'?. N
;' M '
._4 ÉM
. !
!(
) “.
¦'$
¨
¨
"M'/ cS :. ( f N'53%6
w/ f( m+ f( ;3 f
¨
¨
AM'/$ ? +$ M$ N$'#jv

&+v? .? ? 2' $5,$ 6

& "5
$ "
$ ?
ZY
ZY ]D $ ?S
. !
!(
) “.? !$ $3' Dp'#? $ v? .? 1 KD ' 51 $ ": f$ jd” : ' "5
' '!$5& ¦!' $5&
()¶) .fsT ÉM
f ;) f N( f QY f(

Å+ f NÃTz
( 5 N~#"s
f( !"5U 5T
]b $ '`$ *b "$T & 5
<
$ $} .#{ 8? $ '
'
' ) $5$#E$ :. )-/z

) 0y $ m= 'L$@ $/)$ $.? d̈' .$U&M3$ @$/ ¦,5$S?
&($ NX31 $
O1 s $ ? *' M$3"5
jd=” :. F N'<
$#A@'( $ 4?
;F ~#$ & ;? +$ $ F N'' ?p(' $/)$ &.? }?8? Y6 } ' ' ?. 'r,$
. !
!(
) .!5U f Ar
“.*' M$3"5
f' j;T}( Os *? @$$,6
d̈=” “.*' @$$,6
f' k;T$ }'(
._4 ÉM
His bow ' ' ?. They cut, closed

&+v? .? Participate in a battle
&S
So he turned over }?8? Y6 } Road, way $ '#jv

Don’t break your
promise

&)' L$> K
He sprinkled, he threw ;F ~#$ & Announcer ¦!' $5& Don’t tie in chains
L& >$ K
Meat $ 4?
Goats ¦,5$S? Don’t harm the dead
bodies (of enemies)

Fj,$ >$ K
On soil, on land <
'
$#A@'( They looted it $U&M3$ @$/
Child
¦'$
Looting, taking illegally *' M$3"5
Our pots $/)$ $.? Military expedition ]D $ ?S
More allowable k;T$ }'( Definitely they boil 'L$@ He narrowed $ ":
$
Dead body (of an animal) *' @$$,6
He walks 'r,$ Place of residence ? 2' $5,$ 6

Dear Reader!
+8/
<( is the next chapter of . Its symbol is a Noon Try not to become a person of
(d) before the first source letter *,Y . See the \L # of it. success but a man of value.
(< u ]!) \'L

$ #$ b +'8/
<(
W+$ T
W+$ #YZ T

1
;+
To turn <
X
? p' /1
)- He was turned. Q
$ ? p? /1
P+ :
One who turns Q

X ' p? 51 & ; Not used 39 :
Not used +8 He is turned / will

be turned.
Q
& ? p? 51 $ P+ [)
The place of
turning.
Q
X ? p? 51 & #V Not used 39 [)
(O You!) Be
turned!
Q
1 ' p? /1
P+ #:T #
+8/
process of being affected by something.
He should be
turned.
Q
1 ? p? 51 $' P+ QRS #
Since there is a sense of being an object
+8 in it, therefore, its ; is treated as a Not used 39 #
+8. There is no passive voice or +8 in
it because it has a built-in meaning of
passive voice and +8.
He should not
turn.
Q
1 ? p? 51 $ K P+ I
Not used 39 I

• +8/
<( is used mostly to describe the process of being affected by something. For example Q
& ' p$ Q
$ ? .?
means ‘to turn’. When it comes to +8/
<(, Q
& ' p? 5$ Q
it become $ ? p? /
which means ‘to be turned’.
Similarly
& #' 4$
$ #$ T$ means ‘to deviate’. When it comes to +8/
<(, it become & #' 4
$ 5$
$ #$ 4
$ /1
which
means ‘to be deviated’.
• Make \MY \L # from:
$#4
' /1
(to be deviated), a
#r/
(to be comforted), P$-8' /
(to be splitting),

#'-/
(to be leaving), [vp/
(to be cut), vÊ
(to be declined), rG/
(to be exposed) etc.
• You know that a c after the *,Y is the symbol of +@
<( whereas a d before the *,Y is the
symbol of +8/
<(. There are certain words in which both are present e.g. )r@/
Np@/
NPq@/
etc. 90%
of such words belong to +@
<(.

+8@
<( is the last chapter of in our discussion. Its symbol is a Seen and Ta (O) before
the first source letter *,Y . See the \L # of it.
() ]!) \'L
$ #$ b +68@'
<(
W+$ W+$ #YZ T

#YZ T
1
;+
Meanings Meanings QRS
To inquire, to
seek details
)X $s86 @'1
)- He inquired. #$ s
$ 86 @$1
P+ :
Inquirer #X s' 86 @$s

1 & ; He was
inquired.
#$ s
' 86 @&1
F 39 :
One that was
inquired
#X s$ 86 @$s
1 & +8 He inquires /
will inquire.
#& s' 86 @$s1 $ P+ [)
Place of
inquiry
#X s$ 86 @$s
1 & #V He is / will be
inquired
#& s$ 86 @&s1 & 39 [)
(O You!)
Inquire!
#1 s
' 86 @$1 P+ #:T #
For certain set of source letters, the )- of
b $+8'@
<( is also used at the structure of He should
inquire.
#1 s ' 86 @$s1 $' P+ QRS #
*b ??8@'
. For example ]b !$ ?8@'
(to seek benefit),
*p@
(to be steadfast). He should be
inquired.
#1 s $ 86 @&s1 &' 39 #
+8@
He should not
inquire.
#1 s ' 86 @$s1 $ K P+ I
process of seeking or desiring something.
He should not
be inquired.
#1 s $ 86 @&s1 & K 39 I
Notes
• +8@
<( is used mostly to describe the process of seeking or desiring something.. For example #s8$ #$ s
$ ?
means ‘to explain’. When it comes to +8@
<(, it become#& s
' 8$@s$ #$ s
$ 8$@
which means ‘to seek
explanation’. Similarly #& 8' L$ #$ 8? S? means ‘to forgive’. When it comes to +8@
<(, it become #$ 8? L$@
#& 8' L$@s$ which means ‘to seek forgiveness’.

• Make \MY \L # from: !$`#'@
(to seek guidance), ,+'@
(to seek action or to use), !X $3r'@
(to
seek evidence), X
$)'@
(to seek correction), )X $-5'@
(to seek help), b $,G'@
(to seek perfection), u
X ?p4'@1
(to demand for rights) etc.

There are certain other chapters of in Arabic which are rarely used. They include:
• '+6
' <(: Its symbol is a tashdeed (®) at the third source letter *,Y . It is used to describe a change in
color or creation of a defect. For example "#, $ T1
' (He or it became red or blushed), "J$ 1
' (He or it became
curved) etc. The word "@$` 1
' is not from this chapter. It is from the $+@''
<(.
• ¨'+6
' <(: Its symbol is a tashdeed (®) at the third source letter *,Y and an
before it. It is also
used to describe a change in color or creation of a defect. For example ")$,T 1
' (He or it became red or
blushed), "P$U!1
' (He or it became greenish black) etc.
• $+'+6
' <(: Its symbol is a duplicate second source letter *,Y [. It is used to describe a change in
physical properties. For example f $ `$ $rE1
' (It became rough), d? !$ $S6
' (It became long), ??T1
' (He made it
sweet) etc.
•
"+' 6
' <(: Its symbol is a tashdeed (®) at the second source letter *,Y [. It is used to describe some
physical attributes. For example m? "? 1
' (He moved quickly), ? "? 6
(He hanged by neck) etc.
• 15+' 6
' <(: Its symbol is a d after the second source letter *,Y [. It is also used to describe some
physical attributes. For example w $ s$ 51 +$ .6
' (He entered his back inside something and kept his chest outside)
etc.
• 0$56 +' 6
' <(: Its symbol is a a d after the second source letter *,Y [. It is also used to describe some
physical attributes. For example ?p51 ? 1
' (He slept straight on his back), $M/1#$ T1
' (He combed) etc.
All of them are rarely used, therefore, we’ll not practice them much. If you encounter with anyone of
them, you’ll be able to understand their meaning easily.
Face the Challenge!

Identify 10 words of +8/
<( and 10 words of +8@
<( from the Quran
other than those mentioned in this lesson.
Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, the )- is used to describe number of happenings. It is called ]"#,
$ 6
)-.
It always comes on the structure of *b ? +1 ? e.g. *b +$ M1 ? <
& $@G'
$ M'F (The book was published
once). ' '+
]' ?
$ ' c
{
#1M'G$> *? "@' #& ~MG? / (We said six takbeers in the Eid prayer). There is
another type of )-, which is used to describe the state of something. It is called )-
*36
. It always comes on the weight of *b ? +1 ' e.g. *b $r 1 ' Nb*s
$ 6 ' etc. In the chapters of
, sometimes the +8 is used as )-.

Test Yourself
Fill in the blanks by putting the meanings of words in red color. Frequently use the tables given in
previous pages. The meaning of the )- is given in this table. You have to adjust the meaning to
make it an appropriate verb or noun. Also mention the name of verb or noun, chapter, number,
gender and case (if it is a noun) of each word.

To seek forgiveness )X ?8L'@
To mock, to return the mockery
back
0e
$3'@
To become weak
X $+'@
To seek stability, to live in a stable
manner
)X
$#p'@
To store [
X
$@'
To seek life 0e $4'@
To break, to split )X ?v8' /

To seek water / rain 0e ?ps'@
To be the winner, to be
victorious
)X $-@'/
To be blasted and something
coming out of it after the blast
)X $%8' /
To be poured out )X $,3' /1

To be proud )X $MG'@
To be without roots )X $+p' /

To seek an exchange b
$M'@
To seek help e*$/$+@'

To seek victory a
X $@8'@
To suckle, to seek
mother’s milk by a baby
[
X $:#'@
To be cracked, split, fission u
X ?pr
' /
To come near <

X
$#@'.
To be returning <
X 'p/
To be scattered )X ?@'/
To shine )X ?8=
To agglomerate #X 'G$> To demonstrate happiness )X r1M@'
To become dull )X
$G' /
To send PX
p'@
To make something
moving
\
X 's> To seek delay )X }$H@'
To leave unattended ;b 'v+$> To seek erection, to be steadfast *b $ ?p'@
To blast \
X %8$> To spend (in Allah’s way) u
X ?8/=

*L English '(#

Allah _____ them. 1 3' (' ¡
& ' 31 @$s
1 $ & j
Verily, we are with you. We were

only _______.
d? FR' 31 @$s
1 & f& 4
1 /$ $,"/=' 1 GF +$ $ "/='
For you, in the earth there is
_____.
1 & x
#p? @$s ' )1 zy
' 1 GF
______ your women. 1 YF 0y $s/' d? &4
1 @$s
1 $
Remember when Moses _____ $@5$6
& 51 ' c
1 #$ %
$ 8? /? ... ' ' 1 p? ' $& ?ps 1 @$1
m6 ='
D51$ ]? #$ r
1 $
for his nation…. so 12 springs
_____ of it.
Do ______ that is inferior with

that what is better.
#X 1 E$ $ U& 'Zj'( $/!1 ? $ U& 'Zj
d? F' M1 @$s
1 >$?
Whenever a prophet came to you 1 GF s
& 8F /? $31 >$ K $,(' b &)$ 1 YF 0y $ $,jGF ? ?
1 >&#1 M$G6 @$1
with that you did not like,

______.
_____ over the infidels. 1 $

/Y

&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
?$ d? &4@'86 @$s
When the sky _____. O
1 jpr
$ /
0 $,"s

?m='
_____ to his family happily.
D)&#s
1 $ ' ' U1 ? ?=' Q
& ' p? 5$
On that day, some faces will be
_____, laughing and _____.
]b #$ r
' M1 @$s 1 & Z{ '$ 1 $ X &&
1 & *b G? T' $: .]b #$ 8' s
If ______, so the victory has
already arrived.
_
& @1 8? 6
1 YF 0y $ 1 p? ?
&4@'86 @$s
1 >$ d6 ='
We already knew _____ from you $5,1 ' $ 1 p? ?$ 1 GF 51 ' i
$ ' ' p6 @$s
1 ,& 6
$5,1 ' $ 1 p? ?$
f$ '#E' }6 @$s
1 ,& 6
and We already knew _____ from

you.
Guide us to the path _____. 1 ,& 6

$ 'p@$s ?
$#~-
$/' U1
Face the Challenge!

The words related to the chapters of are commonly used in Non-Arabic languages like
Persian, Urdu & Hindi. If you know any of these languages, identify 10 words from each chapter used in
that language.

*L English '(#

Those ____ and those _____ at the
dawn.
)' $41 zy '( f$ '#8' L1 @$s
1 ,& 6
$ i
$ p' 8' 51 ,& 6
$
______ from men, women and
children.
d'
$6' 6
$ 0' $s~5
$ ' $~#
f1 ' i
$ 8' +$
1 @$s
1 ,& 6
So _____ and ______. [

X !$ 1 @$s 1 ,& ?
1 & $ #p? @$s
The sky is _______ by it. ' (' #X v' 8? 51 & 0 $,"s
Towards our Lord, we are the

______.
d? &M' p? 5& $5~()$ ?=' "/='
And he was not ______.
D#'-@$5& d? ?Y $$
So We opened the gates of heavens
with water _______.
#{ ,' 3$ 51 & 0{ $,(' 0' $,"s
<
$
$(1? $54
1 @$8? ?
(The tornado) snatched the people
like they are trunks of _____ palm #{ +' p? 51 & ;{ H
1 /$ 2& $%1 ? 1 3& "/}?Y?
$ "5
[
& ' 51 >$
trees.
And Allah is ______ on what they
are associating (to Him).
d? F8-
' >$ $ ?$ dF $+@$s
1 ,& 6
& j
$
If _____, so another woman should
______ that baby.
$#E1 F & ? & :
' #1 @&s
$ ? 1 >&#1 $ $+>$ d6 ='
The time (of Judgment) _____ and
the moon ______.
#& ,$ p? 6
"r
$ /1
$ *F $ "s
O
1 ($#$ @$.6
When the sky will ____. When the .c

1 #$ ?@$/
Q
& Y'
$G? 6

?m='$ .c
1 #$ v? 8? /
0 $,"s

?m='
.c
1 #$ ~%F )& $4M'6

?m='$
stars will _____. When the oceans
will _____.
When the sun will _____. When the

stars will _____. When the .c
1 )$ $ G? /
P& &%A5

?m='$ .c
1 )$ ~YF w& ,1 "r

?m='
O
1 ? kv& )& $r+' 6

?m='$ .c
1 #$ ~& F $M%
' 6

?m='$
mountains will _____. When the
ten-month pregnant she-camels will
_____.
Do you know?
Hunting and exertion trips are also an important topic of Arabic poetry.

Lesson 3B: Public Speeches of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs
Dear Reader!
As discussed earlier that in ancient Arabia, delivering a public Build Your Personality
speech or writing poetry was considered the most important We are responsible to deliver
arts and their leaders were supposed to be proficient in both. Allah’s message to Muslims & Non-
In this lesson, we are giving a few samples of both. Muslims in an affectionate manner.
5
:) @+( +( #{ G6 ($ ¯ *F M$v6 E&
Ë & F U1 U Z( $56?
$ ,' 4
$ ? *Á(
& 5
$+$$( d +( 5
:) #G( (? ¨G>
:.
c& }6 $ ? d6 =' '/&5'}?? O
& 51 s
$ T1 ? d6 ' Y\¶ Os G O & k& . É'? & 5
3A? N&+( ”
d= jpT = $ ) @T 5 . G' & +
.*b /$$E' <
& Z' G?
*b / u
& 1 -
'
.É&~p? ?
' !$ 3'È
PX . [ & $ $ K .
0` d= 5 "À
Z? E @T 5 X +: G' p
N
0`
É&+'? .0' M'(
3",$ K'= P{ . ' *F rT8
& 'r>$ K kZF (
3?Z? E$ K=
;M
& GF ,1 T$ #1 $ G> ¼=
&F. .G Ç *? ?)
O1- $ $
m' ?)
&O+1 ? ?
(.234 /2 :*M@. f(K )MEz
d N240/4 :PrU f(
]\) “.
Rule of the Day!

The word ,? is used in two meanings: (1) When (2) Not yet. For example,
1 U& }?M$/1? ",? (When he informed
them),
1 GF ' M1 .? f1 '
1? E$ f$ 'Zj
;F ?$ 1 FG>'}6 $ ",? (An affliction has not yet arrived to you like those who were
before you) etc.
It spreads & 'r>$ I release him _

& 1)' F I have been appointed O
& 1 k& 1 .?
He spreads in them, he
makes common in them
& 3& ",$ He should not leave [
1 $ $ K I do good O
& 5$sT1
With affliction 0' $M(' He imposes on them & 3& ($#$ :
$ So help me /'&5'}?
I disobeyed O
& $-$ He left them hopeless &3?Z? E$ I do bad c
& }
Lowness kkZ
So force me to be
straight
1 /'&~p? ?

c
'
$!#$ 8&,6
a#` Ï
U5+ *,G
.X ,1 T$ :)-
. $56? D/F $ ,' T$
$5j
5 #{ 1 H
$ (' ?8
$ $ d $56?
.0
m ' ,È
T

. 4
' @$s
1 &
ZG ;b U U :6p ;b U1 ?
]b K& J NY46
:'
$
3 D
+ 5
/ $ j$
.*b /$'= :)-
Nf1 ' ? :#z
N&i+' & :[)
. $ $ $ / d? $?
.f$ s
$ T1 ? :: ]b 0y '= :)-
.0 's& :[)
.0' ~s'( > 0y $?
,p@s + 0r
P".?
,+@K
;F . ': N1[!$ :#z
N&[$ $ :[)
.Y#> 0y r
d [
$ !$ $
d=” :t#G
d #p
' .dK6ZE& :)-
.'>#$ - 1 / /1$ f ¬
/ ? Z? E$
“.' ' +1 ($ f Y#-15$ 'Z

?m f1 ,$ ? GFZH
1 $
©
& T'
$? J N;, . f _'Mp?
*rT8
.[
X &`& :)-
.& 'r$ :[)
.#$ r
$ @$/1
#3V 0 r
[
$ $`
.*= :)-
.1 ' :#z
N&'v& :[)
. !$ ?p/1
$
$ E$ / [
.[
$ ? : U Nb*$-
' +1 $ db $-
1 ' :)-
1+v' Î $#
$ ?$E / $-$
They followed him !$ ?p/1

Giving up ¬ He helped $ $ $

c
'
$!#$ 8&,6
a#` Ï
U5+ *,G
.+'
: .d
$3$ 6
ZF
.x
$ )z
#& v? ,$ 6
:p N?;,' `$ 0r
$
.(*b /$$ E$ :& +$ ,$ $ fRÁ
) Ni'z
: :f'R$H6
N*/z
: */'H6
.dF 1 À
F
AL$
N(
$#M'@$H
1 $' 0' #$,6( '51 $ ¢'!$46
0$M
.*?p?
&,6
!$p' /1
*$?v
*b "' 4$/ c
X $T$= Ï <

' #r
< '
$$ d'
$#@'.
<
' && ' : '
f' “.É~p? c6} d'= NÉ5} O5sT d'” Ï
:]' $ ' p?
Z3' $#EF *F ? ' U N'f1 @$? ,&%6
f' 1>$U ' ,Y1M'? ?
D +' <
&
%6
dG d 0' ?8(
.É1#M'E1 } #& ',& 6
;?
$ $
m'= (1)
.' &E& '( _
1 ,$ s
1 >$ $#EF ]D "#$ Q
& v

ZU #& "E}$@$ d6 =' (2)
' >& @5Y d6 =' ;6 .F ” :¼+>
. :;' '51 @$
' (3)
“...'/&+M'">??
d? AM4
1. If the second part of a conditional sentence starts with , it indicates that the speaker is demanding the act from
the audience e.g. “If I do good, then help me. If I do bad, then make me straight.”
Manager #& ',& 6

Being essential / obligatory <
' && Disgrace, humiliation d
$3$ 6
He comes late #& "E}$@$ Being a conjunction d'

$#@'.
It covers, it contains ;? ,' `$
You allow _$,s
1 >$ Second part of a
conditional sentence e.g. If <
'
$$ So that he tests $#M'@$H
1 $'
Revelation ;' '51 @$
X, then Y. The part starting
from ‘then’.

' #r
Places ' :
'


*b "' 4$/ c
X $T$= Ï <
N'
' ,Y P& $ %
1 & Q
' v ¦(
$ [
& )
$.? $
m'= “.
G1,T$ #1 $ G> ¼=
.” Ï <
:Q
' v( P' 1 %$ #E *F ? ' $5U& N1“
.” Q
' v ¦(
$ .? $ & /z “1 T$ #1 $” P$ $ %
$
.*M@G
¼'= Q
1 UZ/ ? +> (1)
.d?

ZU 6#p/
1 .' (2)
“.G Q
1 %
' @$1 '/&!1
G() .” :;15@
' (3)
É+” :
ZU '. $5+ *F "' #?V *F ")' $ -$ “” 5U “.)
O & +1 É+'” Ï Ï
' w
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. (4)
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' (5)
1. The reason of P on the [) ;+ is described here. After instructing someone, the Jazm on [) gives the
sense of “Let us ….”
2. Here the word is in the meaning of “until”.
Bell
& #%6
I remain alive O
& 'T$ It is given a Jazm P& $ %
1 &
I explain O
& T1 #$ `$ Class (of a school) ;-8
Related to source word
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' $ My death '$ Metaphor X Mr$>
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path
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another
*' :
He became disobedient 7
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Understand
&,3$
Ruler, government #$ z
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mind

&,"38? >$ Greed ' ,v
It will take full

F$@s$> Beware
j.$ >$ Anger, rage Q
'
$ L$
For your advancement (in

Hereafter)
FG8' ? s
$ ' He protected "%/$ Pride, arrogance #' H?8
Your daily responsibility

(for charity)
FG@$$
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They stayed
T$ Your luck FGq T$ Taking care )& Z$46

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Worth Reading
Modern testing techniques have a direct relationship with jealousy. How?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0012-Jealousy.htm
He guards
& #' 4$ I move \
& ' The most powerful
among you
1 YF
$.6
He inspire me '5,$ 3' j& To Whom help is sought dF $+@$sF
The strongest among
you
1 YF A`$
Dividing (public funds)
among you
1 GF ,' s'. He does not trust & '$ K By power [1@'
He will definitely not

change
#$ ~L$ & f Tactic *{ ? 'T He represent <
& 1 5&$
My character 'pF E& He makes right $ )$
$@$$ Two hand palms j8Y?
He appointed me the
leader
'/j$ In a sad manner ¦/$ 4&
Presence ]$#$T Movement #' $~s

;b ) $/ $,"/ N~/m' & £{F E& ' $5?$ Q $ @$$ ND*,$ ? q6 $ $ ' VF *D $ $T ? O$/?Y ;b & )$ $,A}
f' "À

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It will destroy '58 Leniency ]D !$

$U$ Injustice *D ,$ ? q6 $
Justification ]{ )$ Z' +$ It is hard for me "? $ X '$ He had a complain Q@
He took care $ "3+$ >$ People, humankind
X $/F So he should inform me ~/m' &
His subjects ' @'"' )$ Your goodness 1 GF T' $ In your private life FY~#'
Functions
' R'?V$ There is no agriculture [
$ )1 2$ K In your public life 1 GF @'"/'$
We forbid you FY$35$/ There is no livestock [
$ #$: K Your sacred matters FG>'$#& T&
We impose on you $ 'p/& Faithful, loyal 0' $51 z
Your exposed matters FG:
'
$#
We don’t take wrongly '$M/& K Sincerity _
' -&5
You bring a lawsuit
&,Y' $4>&

d
N1#' $3& ? N&c#1 $ $U . ;#
p ...( K
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. p .cs

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Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, the Past Tense is used as a prayer, not as a description. For example
5
:) (May Allah be pleased with him),
(Peace and
blessings be upon him),
#$ 8? S? (May Allah forgive him),
"? K (May Allah
not break your mouth i.e. you may speak in this way forever), ¦U#G

) K (May
Allah not show you any undesirable thing) etc.
Do you know?
Women had a special status in their life. They were free to choose their husbands. They
used to work with their husbands in managing livestock, bringing firewood etc. In wars,
the women used to fire up the emotions of their male members in order to fight bravely.
Women of a defeated tribe were taken as war booties and were forced into slavery.
We prepared /}U Complete, perfect P& @

I migrated c
& #1 $ $U
We affirmed $5@$M Livelihood, sustenance u
'
$2) Fighting ]' $ U$ $%&
We were generous $5+" We prepared troops $/"5$ Enemy ~& +&
Swords, plural of $ Armies, plural of

X 5X !' 5& Refraining <
& $5@'

& @&+$ $( +( 5

:) d{ j8$ f' ( d$,& *F M$v6 E&
&@41 M$
$ N&@$> p £ d? &)' p$> #{ 1 H $ (' FG?$
&)!' $M N{)$, *' "p' ($ ' N'*+$ F. ')
! ' G/=
.)& #L
( G"/#L$ K N/
]F À
1 GF "/#' L$> N')&#L&
O 1 $$ ? /
d̈= K £&@$s$
fZ
3&/
E= $/
0 5( f .G5 ;F 8F L$ K / N
F8? L$> K .
A$ F $$ f$,('
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£D 3? < $ #$ : $ .
d̈ £?]#E

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&) !&3q6 8? ? >$ ?
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d? ?Y$ a & $~#
& &)Z6 >$ D,'rU$ _$ M$ 1 }?? x' )1 zy
c & $M/$ ' (' µ
? ? @$E1 ?
(46Ó45: 3G
) “. D $ ? #X 1 E$ $ D(
$?
$ ~()$ $ 51 ' #X 1 E$ c
& $4'"-
c & $.' $M6
$ $/1A
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$ 6
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$
(,6
;#
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Worth Reading
There are some people who think after writing? Who are they and why do
they think after writing something?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0006-Review.htm
Throw it
&) Get lesson from
&#M$@$
Place of travel *' +$ F.)'
!
It mixed µ
? ? @$E1
He passed $$ Ages, plural of #, ){ $,
Chaff, straw D,'rU$ New people came
(instead of older ones)

A$ Take initiative
&)!' $(
It blew it away & &)Z6 >$ They preferred it $U$)? Your terms FG?$
Winds a
& $~#
The lived in it U&#,$ $ It conceals O
1 $$ ?
Hope
D $ ? They enjoyed
&+"@$ Deception, illusion )' &#L&
It threw them out 3q?8? >$ It should definitely not

deceive you
1 GF "/#' L$> K

5
:) & @&M$v&E $>#&,6
' *F ? 'E
d? #3
$ ,$ @$
N5
:) dF , ;? @'.F f$ 1 T' *' 5( O & 5FY :. N(+
\r( ¯ f
*D T K” :p “$+& '$M/& "F U$ £!f$sT$ ( ” :
p ' $
$>} N'#1 ($&
*F 4 $ ? 3 N&)-/z

“.$#1 S )& $@H$/ ” :
p “.

&)$@E N( O & $:)$ p 1 >&#1 @$E
f' ,$ FG+$ $ / NFY#' ' Ç
:
p “.m #' E ' & $> F N
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f U ... N'$(
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.]M5
)
1. “O People! (Behold) Allah’s Book and the Sunnah of your Prophet. An alleger does not alleges anyone except
him. He is busy (to seek) the Paradise but the Hellfire is in front of him. He is running away to escape him and
demanding (the Paradise) with hope although he is besieged in the Hellfire… The angel (of death) is flying with his
both wings and the Prophet, Allah has taken (to Him) with His both hands.. The person who dived into evil perished.
Whoever inclined towards evil perished. Right & left (i.e. extremes) deviate (a person) while the moderate (attitude)
is the right path. It is place of walking which will remain i.e. The Holy Book and the remnants of Prophethood.
He perished
$ !' )$ Running to escape it $%/$ [
{ Come! "F U$
He inclined to evil
practices
U Limited to #X "-p? & We give oath of
allegiance to you

$ +& '$M/&
One that deviate from
the right path
*b j
' & Angel
& ? $ You select 1 >&#1 @$E
Right path ]F "!$%6

He flies )$ ? With the passage of time
¦)
$#'
Place of walking ²
& 3$ 5$ His wings ' $T$5$ He does not allege [
& "$ K
He dived into (evil way) $ 4
$ @$.
Alleger [
{ &

d̈ K= NFG/'&! #$ ' w

$ ? /= K £G d? Y d K= &@$(} NFY#' z ¦U)' ?Y O
& 5Y . '/=
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d̈ N?dp@
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It prevents 'p$ Protecting shield *5& The person who dislikes ¦U)' ?Y
Death [
$ )' $-$ The place of escape ]F ?85$ You refused &@$(
Terror ' $36
Tool to remove *b
$ T$ ' Keys _
$ '>8
Utter!
Tool to increase ]
# He requests earnestly ;? "$ >$
Incline to!
MS)
Support ]F }$s5$ Nature ]? #v8
Bad death 0s

*F @$$ Religion, creed *? j,' 6

f$ NX[' @$M& ¢ { ' 4 1 & ;Y Nb*$ '( *{ ?$ 4& ;F Y .$U)&
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A!)$ NPs

&r

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) .“< ' ?p+' 6
& '`$ $ j
jd=' $ j

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$ ' 6'
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&!& N')$%6
¼=
&5s $ T N$ $

He refuse you (to give
something)
FG$ #$ T$ Parties for prostitution 0' $s5'
*F s
$ '$%$ Firm P$ 2'
$$
Don’t be proud over
each other

&#E$ ?8>$ K It deviates nF '>& New thing in the
religion
*{ ?$ 4&
Don’t make fun of
each other

&T2$ $,>$ K It is aspired to
_
& ,$ v&> New thing in the
religion
*b $ '(
Widows *? ? $ )z
Hunting tools $ R'$-$ One who invents new
things
¢
{ ' 4
1 &
Spread
&r Avoid!
&M/$$ One who invents new
things
[
X ' @$M&
Guest
$ $
Protection ]' $%5$ Corrupt people d? AML' ,& 6
Neighbor )' $%6

Visit! (to a sick
person)

&!& Error S?

5
:) +
'M f' ( #$ ,$ & *F M$v&E
G _ & ? -&> FG>'#$ E'
4 NG&@"/' FG? _ & ? -&> FY#$ R'
$#$
&4' 5
3 (@+( 5)
.Y/!

F ' 51 &
¦!$+$ G d= ¦&
FY#$ @$> ? NDM
Fp? H&> ? G/ +( (& @$Mv&E #& E' )
$3: & #$ *D "5$ P$ "#T$ N ¼+>
*' ,1T) f J $ #$ E$ f #$ s ' E$ < $ $H .G5( ;' -?8
G ' G&4
¦/' [
$ $( .$ ? $E #$ E
P$
)$ Z' T$ f K=
DS f& ' }$ K /
,+> ? .x ' )z
c '
,s
.d{ $ }( DE N{#1 G( D . N !& ?8/$ K ,'(
D/ N{u$M('
& &M'L>& @T & AM4 ' /& . . ...f' 1 .' M Y$+( f$ dG f$ 1 G' '$36
< ' ' G/ d? $#>$ K
$ $
$ N&<MTz
u $ )$ ? . .{ 3$ ,& K { ' & #' 1 S [ { $ f' v? ($ ' N x)z
f [ { $ '
N'0p
;? M?. y

pF > N$P$ .? ,' \ X p N#> , X 5'S N'' ,$ +$ ( Xf3$ >$#& 3 .< & $s4' 6
<&
$#@&
.
ZU . É= NG( c ' $,6
' &/& ;? M. & &M.'
$)
Rule of the Day!

The word $? is used to describe the sense of “near”. It is a synonym of 5. For example <' $M6
$?
(near the door), #'
' $54
$ 6
$? <
& FpF 6
m6 =' (When the hearts reached near the throat),
m (What is
with you?) etc.
You will disappear in it & &M'L>& He failed <

$ $E Secrets #'R
$#$
Crack in the earth (i.e.
grave)
[
{ $ He becomes secure f& ' }$ Open *"/'
Furnished with pillows etc. { ' & He takes care )$ Z' T$ Play, useless activity DM
Paved { 3$ ,& Perishable, transitory ¦/' In vain ¦&
Mortgaged, pledged fX 3$ >$#& Remnants <
' Place of promise i.e.
Hereafter

¦!$+$
Watch it & &M.'
$) Decision (of a court) ;' -?8

$ & '$()&
Dear Reader!
There are certain set of words which have four source
letters (). They are rarely used in Arabic language.
Keep your own bias aside while
studying anything different. Try to think
We’ll not practice them much. Words with five source
from other’s perspective.
letters ,&E are extremely rare.
( 2 2 ]!) \'L
$ #$ !"#%
$ & '$()&
W+$ T
W+$ #YZ T

1
;+
Shaking *b ?$ 62$ )- He shook. ? $ 62$ P+ :
One who shakes b ' 6$ & ; He was shaken ? ' 62& 39 :
One that is
shaken
b $ 6$ & +8 He shakes / will shake. F ' 6$ & P+ [)
The place of
shaking.
b $ 6$ & #V He is shaken / will be
shaken.
F $ 6$ & 39 [)
(O You!) Shake! 6 ' 62$ P+ #:T #
He should shake. 6 ' 6$ &' P+ QRS #
He should be shaken. 6 $ 6$ &' 39 #
He should not shake. 6 ' 6$ & K P+ I

He should not be
shaken
6 $ 6$ & K 39 I
• Make \MY \L # from: $ $ #1 >$ (to translate), #$ ?+1 ($ (to disarray), ? $ #1 U$ (to hasten), ;? ,$ s 1 ($ (to say
Bismillah),
$ $ 1 $ (to whisper evil), $ #$ E1 2$ (to adorn), w $ 5$6 .? (to wear a cap) etc.
• This chapter is also used in different other forms. Make their \MY \L #:
• ;F ' 1 8? & ;? $ ? e.g. ;? .? 1 T$ (to become weak), < $ )$ 1 $ (to cause to wear socks) etc.
• F ' +1 8? & ? $ +1 ? e.g. )$ $ 31 $ (to speak loudly), ? $ U1 )$ (to hasten) etc.
• ;F +' 1 8? & ;? +$ 1 ? e.g. #$ v? 1 ($ (to give an animal medical treatment), #$ p? 1 ($ (to bend one’s head quickly) etc.
• ;F '+1 8? & ;? $+1 ? e.g. #$ $6 $ (to slip), $ $#1 `$ (to cut) etc.

$ & '$()&
There are three chapters of (). They are rarely used in Arabic. The procedure to make different
verbs and nouns out of them is similar to that of . Make the complete from these words.
• ;? ? +1 8? >$ <(: For example, [ $ #$ 1 #$ >$ (to grow),
$ ,$
1 ,$ >$ (to rinse the mouth with water, to gargle), J
$ #$ T1 $ >$ (to
roll), $ ? ,1 ? >$ (to gather), f$ v? 1 r
$ >$ (to do an evil deed), Q $ M$6 %
$ >$ (to wear a veil) etc.
• '+6 = <(: For example, jd}?,$ 6
' (to become satisfied), "2}?,$ `1
' (to hate) etc. This chapter sometimes
overlaps with that of but it is rarely used.
• 15+' 6
' <(: For example, $ p? /1#$ 6
' (to separate people), $ % $ /1#$ T1
' (to gather) etc.
Rule of the Day

Sometimes, words from and () seems similar to each other. For example
& & #1 >$ (She/You stone at someone) is from !#9 , while $ $ #1 >$ (he translated) is
from !#9 (). Sometimes, even the <
#= are the same. In such cases, see the
translation of both and select the one which fits into the context. Frequently
consult the dictionary to know the meaning of similar word used in different
chapters of () .
Face the Challenge!

Identify 5 words of !#9 () from the Quran.
Do you know?
Scholars differ on the definition of the term “Literature <!”. Some include
every written item in it. Some of them use it to describe that piece of
communication which causes a change in mind, and emotions of its audience.
An effective piece of communication must be clear, complete, concise,
cohesive, concrete, correct and creating a nice impression. It should contain
unique way of description, intellectual depth, fantastic imagination, and
attractive presentation. This is called “effectiveness”. The effectiveness of a
good piece of communication is similar to that of a masterpiece of music,
painting, poetry or some other art.
Worth Reading
What is the difference between traditional mentality and creative thinking?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0013-Pineye.htm

$ & '$()&
Test Yourself
Fill in the blanks by putting the meanings of words in red color. The meaning of the )- is given in
the examples of this lesson. You have to adjust the meaning to make it an appropriate verb or noun.
Also mention the name of verb or noun, chapter, number, gender and case (if it is a noun) of each word.
*L English '(#

: N!#9 ()
#YZ N39 Hardship and loss touched them and
______.

F' 62& $ 0
"#"
$ 0 $}6 M$6
1 3& @1 "s$
QRS
So the Satan ______ both of them. dF ?v1 "r

$,3& ?
$ $ 1 $ ?
When the graves were ______. 1 #$ '+1 (& )& &MpF 6

?m='$
c
He said: “Yes but ______ my heart.” 'M6 .? "f',$ v6 $' f1 G' ?$ ?($ ? ?.
They should place ______ on them. "f3' M''($ f1 ' "f3' 1 ? $ i
$ /'1 &
Surely, the ______ of the Day of
Judgment is a great thing.
X 'q$ 0e 1 `$ *' $ "s
*? ?$ 62$ jd='
Allah had created it only to ______ "f',$ v6 @$'$ 1 GF ? $#r
1 (& jK=' & j
& ? +$ $ $$
your hearts. 1 GF (&F.F
Some of them reveal ______ ' 1 p? 6

$ #& E1 2&
{ +1 ($ ?=' 1 3&
& +1 ($ 'T&

D)&#SF
statements to each other to deceive
them.
We know what ______. ' ('

& ' 1 $ >& $ & ? +1 /$y
When the earth ______ $3?
$62' x
& )1 zy
O
1 ?' 62&
?m='
That who ______ in the hearts. )' &
& '
& ' 1 $ & 'Zj
Do they not know when whatever is

in graves ______
)' &MpF 6
' $ #$ '+1 (&
?m=' & ? +1 $ ??
When the earth took ______ and
decorated itself.
O
1 5$""2
$ $3? #& E1 2& x
& )1 zy
c
1 Z? E$ ?
?m='
At that time the believers were tested
and ______ with a hard ______.

D'`$ KD
$62'
F' 62& $ d? &5' 1 ,& 6
$ ' @&(1

$ '$5U&

Lesson 4B: Some Snaps of the Glorious Age
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we are going to read selected Build Your Personality
statements of some eloquent Arabs. Jealousy burns the heart of a person. Avoid it.
1*"
' +$s
*? ,$ '4
$ ' “{ +$ '5($ '”
:¢~4&> N&@1 +$ :
$ ) '@

'
' &)$ AP N'*1+"s
Q
' Fm ¯ O
& 5'( *,T O
1 /$?Y
w
& ,' @$$> N{#G$( f' ( ' +$ '5($ f' ]{ $ s'/ ' & +& :
' #&> \
X L'
$ $3? f& (
$ $3$ $2 $ $ $U' ? ($ f1 ' O
1 $ #$ E$ $3"/
N'0
#1,.F Ç d{ $> ?$ O & 1 #$ H
$ ? ” :O. “.D` $5? ' M&> ? N0$M3$` *{ 5$$ ' $ 'm? ” :O 1 ??. .0 $+:
$ #&
f' ' R'?G($ f N5+ Z

$5'M $ f $ ,$ 1 5?? P& $5/$ N{]#vp( & M'>$
N5 X ')$` $5+$ $
(kZL& :p :PrU f(
.) .' ~L$ $ $5' )' $` ' N''5'L& "$ ? ' N'[&%6
m "`$ @T NQ6Y"#( O & 1 !$ 1 p? ? N> Ö> O & 1 #$ H

$ .J
$ #F8

? 1 L$
&#$/ "5YF "5G' ?
3 x$ #' & ?. K= ]b #
"5' , Ny0$+: $ #&
w
& ,' @$$/ *? G $5$.? @T ND8$%$ D8+&: 3

$ &#+$,6
&#$/ 5Y ,/= $/ :m .X @'$ /= $3? ;b .
m= N&$(}$@

)
A$ & A $ 5$-$> d s “!@” :p/ 5G N'M-
$( f$
1. Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb 35
:) was the foster-mother and wet-nurse of the Prophet Muhammad

. Halimah and her husband were from the tribe of Sa'd b. Bakr, a subdivision of Hawazin (a large Arabian
tribe or group of tribes). She lived in a village called “Shuhta” which is situated 70km from Taif, Saudi Arabia. In
this passage, she describes the infancy of the Prophet. It was a common practice in ancient Arab to raise their
children at a village. It is reported by Ibn Hisham in his book for Prophet’s biography.
Rain
? 1 L$
Old she-camel
X )' $` She feeds & :
' #&>
Relief (from rainlessness) J
$ #F8
It lays (eggs or gives
milk)

& M'>$ She seeks w
& ,' @$$>
I prolonged O
& 1 !$ Drop ]{ #v. Children for feeding 0 $+:
$ #$
It became hard for them 3 "`$ His weeping ' R'?G(& Rainlessness 0 $M3$`
Leanness D8$%$ My both breasts "$ ? Female donkey d$>
It was offered x
$ #' & He feeds him ' ~L$ $ White & green 0'
#1,.F

u
' v/K
$5+$ ,$ 1 , N\S ¦+':)$ c& Z6 E$ K= $ +' $ O
& ".? ]b #
O
1 $p' ($ , NZ & &U#$ G$/ 5G
¼= "fM$U$ mz
.D+':)$ ZF E' ? 'MT
i( f $ $ ) d & #$ Yz /=
” :'MT- O & .
:O. “.*D Y#( 5 ;? +$ %$ d
s N'+$ 8$> d ' K” :. “.&>Z? E$ × N$'@$
$ m
“.$\S 1 ' ? Ö K= 'ZE '5? ,$ T$ N&>ZE} = O & MUZ”
N'#%1 T' ' &@+$:$ , N'T') ¼= ( O & +) N&>&Z6 E$ ? ,” :O. :*? ,T < $ $ Z
#& 1 H $ 6
N$$/ F .) @T E + < $ #' `$ .

$ ' )$ @T < $ #' r $ .f{ M$? f' 0y $` ,'( $ $$ ? ;? M$.
N$<#' `$ 35 Q $ ? 4
$ Nb;' $4? 3/=
m N> $5' )' ` ¼= '$2 P. .m ;F M. + P& $5/$ 5Y
“.*D #' 1 H
$ (' $5@1 M$ ND+M$` D)' $5$3@$/
@T + O & (1#' `$
:O. “.*D Y? )M *D ,$ s$/ c ' Z6 E$ p !*F ,T
',j+$ >$” :$54$M iT 'MT F p :O.

.+ 3 & @&$,T$ N'/$> O & M1 Y? )$ $51 #$ E$ F” :O. “.m &)z É=
” :Op
Ø *5(
” :Ç f$ Fp$ 'MT
d= @T “.U'#,& T& f 0e ` 3 )& ' p& Q ' Y6 "#( O
1 +$ v? ?p
(” :f3? .} “3 O ' #E O ' 5Y '@
$/> ZU O 1 s$ ? N5 '+(') !
' °$ $ !Q1Fm
.+ '5( !( f 5?25 $5$.? F” :O.“.D/?}r 3? d̈=
” :f$ 6 p “.U '3? 3/= !

.¦5"MF ¦$M`' 5+ ( $5. iT " a & &#>$ ',5$S? O$/G N35 < $ $
x' ) f D:) & ?
May a problem be for you
(as a joke)

' 4
$ 1$ Fully loaded ;b ' $T Departure u
' v/
Make it easy to us '+(') He milked Q

$ ? T$ My friends 'MT

Our homes 5?25 Fully satisfied D+M$` D)' Suckling baby D+':)$
More barren <
$ $ We passed the night $5@1 ($ No problem for you
' K
It go, it come a
& &#>$ Know! Learn ',j+$ >$ My temporary place of
living
'T')
Full of milk ¦5M$F Breathing live organism,
human being
*D ,$ s$/ My lap '#%
1 T'
I loaded it & @&$,T$ He became satisfied
$ ' )$

f d#:À
dY @T .[ { #1 :
$ ' U&% ' $ K N{fM$? ]? #v. db s/= Q & 4$ .< & #' r$/ Q
& ' 4$5
a& &#@$ Ï Q { Fm ¯ O ' 5( '
) a & #$ s1 $ F T
&T#' G Ï &3/$$&#' dp 5.
]? !
'
f & "#+$ @$/$ 6 $ /$ ND5"MF ¦M'` ',5S a#> N{Ù ]' #vp( AM'>$ ¦$$ 3&$5S
@T ' $@5$ n6 F M$ N?d$,'L
& AMr & $ K ¦($M`$ AQr ' $ dY £&@&"-? & $@5$$ O 1 $ $ @T #$ 1 H
$ 6

$#/$ 5Y ,$ ' £5 ' 'G$ 0{ ` Ã & #$ T f& 4$/ ' ~ ( $5$p? :O. “.
¦#8$ ¦FS dY
0y $($ $rE É N?F L$ @T 5 "5$(& 'OY#$> ” :3? O & . N&" $5,jG? £'@'Y? #( f
.$5+$ $ & >1"!)$ @T $3(' 6 $ /$ ?” :O. “?*G
'8? E #{ 3r( $5' $ p$ $ +( /= '
N( $5+$# :O. :& 5$v$( jp`$ fZ
f' 1 G? $,6
F T
d' &)$ & Z? E$ . A`' #$ p?
'E
m” :(z Ç p NA@$r$ &E /> m= .$5>'&(& & $E 5 13('
4$/ ( / O & #$H :O.“.' /'&s$ ,3 N&5$v( jpr $ N & $+%
$ :} NX( < X $' ,3
:. “!5$(& ” : 5p N&&( & $ $ @$
& @&$@$? :O. .&31 $ ¦+p' @$5& ¦,R'. & $/1 $ $
“.U )! K D` $s,$ @$ N'5v( jp`$ '/$+% $ :} NX( < X ,3 d' ) '/0y $”
Both of them caused him
to lie down
$+%
$ : Children d? $,'L
Breasts, milking organ [
{ #1 :
$
Both of them cut jp`$ Child, boy PX FS Shepherds d? $&)
His belly & 5$v( Healthy, powerful
¦#8$ Woe on you! (to express
anger)
G
Both of them are sewing
it (his belly)
' /'&s$ More or the most greedy Ã
& #$ T Go out for grazing!
&T#'
Changed color ¦+p' @$5& Keeping
' G$ Hungry ¦$$
I hugged him & $ $ @$
He becomes hard
? F L$ His two years & $@5$$
Both of them searched $s,$ @$
Epidemic 0y $($ I stopped him (to suckle) & @&"-?
Our arrival $5' $ p$ He grew up AQr
' $
He was horrified A@$r$ A young boy ¦($M`$

.$5R'M'E ¼= $5+$#$ ” :O.

:~ ¼=

D,4& A!#$ >$ *F ,T
;? M. 'U}( ' 'p4
$ 6} .Q
$ 'F . PL

ZU d? G d O
& 'rE$ p !*,T ” :( Ç . :O.
. ( $5"p? & $5$,@$T :O. “.( m #$ 3q d
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' 5Y . !#& 6 V' (
' $ $ .6 ? ” :Op

' = & @&1"!} N ¢
?
Tz
O
& 6 "H
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O
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n? ? ($ p” :O
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$ @$ .3'>#$ME @T '51 $ >$ ? .' #$ M1 E$ '5.&} '/}`
ZU ” :O.
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& . O.
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x ' ) f #$ - 1 (& )& &-.F 0y $: )X / 5 J#E & / ( O & 6 ,$ T$ iT O & ?)$ ” :O.
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$ T' . N5 #$ s $ K " E dY µ .' ;{ ,$ T$ f O & )
N(
(PrU f(
]\) “.]D `
) 'p? v ? /
N$5$ ' '! .0' ,s
¼= & $ ) &
) N'x)z(

Palaces, plural of #-. )& &-.F Incidents ¢
?
Tz
Our tents $5R'M'E
Busra, a town in Syria $#-
1 (& I give him to you & @&1"! He has faced trouble Q
$ 'F
More light & easy to carry " E Tell me truthfully '5.& Attach him ' 'p4
$ 6
Easier #$ s
$ Don’t leave me '51 $ >$ Î We carried to him & $5$,@$T
Putting & :
'
$ I was pregnant with him ( O
& 6 ,$ T$ It bring you
' $ $ .6 ?
Leave (your concern for)
him
' '! It illuminated 0y $: O wet-nurse! #& 6 V'
Rightly-guided ]D `
) I feared O
& 6 "H
$ >$


& M'5
#$ $ $U Y
d :\(
f( ]# '/#$ M$E} :<3` f(
. N;p f NF
5T :\G( f( $4$ 5T
$,U& K= $( ;6 p' ?” :O. N
'M5
J2 N35
:) *? rR
N)35
?#

F ) 5>} K= P¦ 5 A#,& $ ? .f$
d$5'$
.*D $~r$ ]D #$ G&(
f& (
' 'p? !' $,L$
& #'( n(
m= @T .*? r
$ M$46
;? M$.'
¦#' 3 #G( ( J
$ #$ E$ Nd,s
?@$(
,
& ') /} N'?. '5$ #$ E” :#G( ( p “#G( ( & '#>& f” :p .]' )$ ?p
& ~$ U N*$5S$
/ .J & #$ H& K J & #' H& K ? d̈=” :*5S

f(
. “.~() & M&} x)z
' _ $ ' d
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$ 6
Q
$ R'
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f(
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N;G
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& #' H& K
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/ i+ N
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! ' "() 1 M&+$ #G( ( "#$ ” :*5S
f(K
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./0s'/ /0$5( "f@$8& d6 5rE . / .( f1 ' +$@s$ K
Neighbor, protector )X $ You earn Q

& s
' G$> I was not at age of
thinking
;6 p' ?
He traveled ;? 4
$ >$)
Poor, one who lacks wealth P$ &+$,6
Morning ]D #$ G&(
He moved here and there Fatigued j;G?
Evening *D $~r$
They accepted c
1 Z? 8? / You are hospitable '#p$> He was tested ?@$(
Protection )&
$$ Troubles Q
$ R'
$/$ I travel _
$ '

K N]-( f+@s K N)

! Ò () M+ #G( ( $ 8? v? N#G( ¯z *5S
f(
m .
#p N -& dG .2$ #$ ($ ')
! 0' $58? ('
¦%s '5@$( N#G( ¯z ?$ ($ F .)
! \S ' ]0
#p

D ) #G( ( dY .= d#q5 d? &M% ' +& U5( iY#r
0 s/ & "-p? @$& .d? #p
.d #p
#p iT & +$ $!
& ' ,$ K .0| G&(
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p N3 P$ "p? *5S
f(
¼=
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f © $ #.
#` m [ $ $ }
f N)
! 058(
%s $5@( Nm 2$ $ $ /= N')
! ' () $ M+$ d #G( ( $/#1 $ "5YF
M+ d #$ - ' @$p$ d "QT$ d N&>$} N/0s/ /05( "f@$8& d 5rE . N]0
#p
]-
N$#8' H$/ d $5U'#Y? / .$@"m' = !$ #' $ d & 6 s

$ ? Nm f$ ' +& d K= $( d= N;+ )
! Ò ()
“.d+@K
#G( ¯z f$ ~#p? & 5s
d . c& ?p$ Z
O $ ,' .” :p N#G( ( :*5S
f(
>} :*rR O.
;{ ) ' c
& #'8E / <
& #$ +$
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O
& $) ?.” :

) p .*G,'( Z{

F )
“.f' 1 @$($K f$ 1 ($ ;{ H$/ c
m *D H
$ M$ O
& ?)$ .FG>'#$ %'U )$
$!
We violate agreement
with you
$#8' H$/ He did not control
& ' ,$ K He started $ 8? ?
Satisfied f$ ~#p? & Tears $ $! He did openly, he
announced
f+@s
I made an agreement c
& 1 p? $ He became scared [
$ $ He built '5@$(
Saline *D H
$ M$ He crossed his limit 2$ $ $ Courtyard 0' $5?
Having date palm trees ;{ H$/ c
m They are fascinated "f@$8& d He did openly 2$ #$ ($
Two fields full with
stones
f' 1 @$($K He remains in limits #$ -
' @$p$ He was attracted
& "-p? @$&
Your responsibility $@"m' They become astonished d? &M%
' +&

N

F ) m #$ Y? m? f$ 1 T' *' 5
;? M$.' #U f$ #$ $ $3 .d' $>"#4 $ 6
$,U&
) p .
¦#' 3& #G( ( $ "3%
$ >$ .*rMÀ
x ' ) ¼= #$U dY f X +$( *' 5
¼= $ $ )$
&#$> ;U” :#G( ( . “.' d? m? & d &) / ! $ ' ') $” :

) & s $ 8/ #G( ( w $ M$$4 “.+/” :. “O/ '(}( m
.#&3` *+$() #' ,$ s
$
u
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They believed that their gods suggest them the right decision in this way.
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Some nouns describe a nation or tribe or group of
people. A is added at the end of them to describe a #& 3$ $5~() A#($
ZU
single person belonging to that nation. For example
X 'G' /= (British), ' 'G' /= (A British person), X #& >& :p
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)' $-/ (A person from helpers) etc. #E
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d̈= 3
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1. He is one of great companions of the Prophet
. He belonged to Madina. He converted to Islam
before migration of the Prophet. He did not participate in the battle of Tabuk. It is the description of his story.
Desert
¦2?8$ We made an agreement 5?p?
$>$ I lagged behind
1 jH
$ >$?
He clarified ?$ Observing $ 3$ r$ Military expedition ]{ $ ?S
So that they prepare
themselves

&M"U}?@$$ More famous #& Y? m He invaded in it $U
$S?
Preparedness *? "MU' Two mounting animals d' $@? T'
) He was reproached Q
& >$$+&
Its direction ' 3' $ Secret way )$ Caravan #$ 1 '
Containing
b ' T Summer, hot season #T$ Without a time limit !{ $+' \S
Register d?
$'
The night of A’qabah (a valley at Makkah). Leaders of Madina
converted to Islam there after Hajj.
*? M$p? +$
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I moved around O
& 8? It became intense "@$`
It became good O
' ($?
One who has indication of ¦&,L$ Too much %6
Fruits (which ripe) )& $,?
Hypocrisy u
& 85
I did not decide
' .? ? Shades (of trees) F 'q
He provided reason )$ Z? $ My luggage '2$3$ He prepared $ "3%

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F )' ?8>& I started O
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morning
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front of me
'/#$
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$ +$ @$(
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$ $
Your back (of animal
for riding)
$ #$ 3?V They give oath d? F8' 4$ I seek help O
& 51 +$ @$
Arguments KD $ A few *b +$ '( Arriving ¦!' ?.

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so
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someone else)
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& #1 G? 5$> You committed a sin O
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He turned his face x
$ #$ This is not the land which I know i.e.
everything changed

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$ )z

f& (
U N?]!@. (' µ { R'T )$
' c& )"s $ >$ @T O
& $r$ N'5
]' $ 8$ f m ¦
m= @¦T
$ & r
$ / ¨]!@. ( ” :Op .P$ s
"!)$ '
N O & ,js$ .¨Ç= ' 5
AQT$ ? ~,$
N>r5 c & &+ NOGs & >1$ r $ 5$ c & &+ NOGs “?) y
AQT' F '5,$ ? +$> ;U ' (
.)$
$%
' 6
c
& )1 "s
$ >$ @T O& j$ >$
$ $5$ O
1 :$ ?8 “. F)
” :p
& +& 'M$ P' $+v? '( P$ ' .? f,' N'P$r
;' U ' $M/ f' 'vM$/
m= N'*5
u ' &s(' 'r / $51 M$ :.
$ ? !$ É0
m= @T N d? &#1 r ' &
& 5
$ 8? v? “{ f( Q ' +Y & $ f$” :p N*5(
$ 6 +$ %$ ? .$ ?8$ . $ M$T' d̈ '5L( . / N+( ” :
m N?d"sS? ' ' $ f' ¦($@Y' Ç=
“.
$ '
$/$ $5(' 1 4
' 6? .*{ +$ '& K d{
$U$ )'
$('

d? &+($) O$$
m= @T .3(' & >&#$%s $ ? )$ &5@$
3'( O
& ,",$@$ N'0M
f ¦
ZU :$3>&$#.? ,? O & Fp

? ) d̈=” :p '5>}

' ) F )
m= N$f1 s ' ,$H6
f' *D
$36$ @$
;$( NK” :. “F;+$
m P $3pF k? F” :O & Fp “. $ >$$#
? ' @$+$> d $ #& & }$
U5 '/FG@$ '' U}'( 'p4 ' 6

” :'>#K Op Nm ; $MT ¼= ;? $ ) “.3$(#$ p$> K
.#' z

ZU '
'p @T

We’ll give comfort to
you

$ '
$/$ I returned O
& j$ >$ Alienation, aversion ]' $ 8$
I decided O
& ,",$>$ Nabati, a nation of North
Arabia, plural M/ 'vM$/ I climbed c
& )"s
$ >$
Burner, oven )$ &5@$
He gave it to me Ç= $ ? !$ Wall )$
'
I fired it up c
& #$%$ Ghassan, a state in North
Arabia i.e. Jordan
d? "sS? Yard µ
{ R'T
You separate from '@$+$> He treated you harshly $ ?8$ I seek from you $ & r
$ /
I divorce her $3pF k? F Place of disgrace d{
$U$ )'
$! I repeated it for him c
& &
(Place of) waste *{ +$ '& It flew over O
1 :
$ ?

!
) ” :Op

? ) * f( U ]F #
cy0$% :Q X +Y .
“.
' (&~#p? & K fG NK” :. “&' E d & #$ G$> ;3 NXP!' E w
$ ? X R'$:
X $` * f( ? U ®d̈=
.
ZU ' ¼= dY '# f dY ZF 5& 'GM&
2
.0{ ` ¼= *b Y? #$T ( '
/= :O.
]' #K d? jm ,Y N$>'#
'

? ) O $ /1?m}$@
” :'U +( Ç p
N

? ) 3 dF m' }$@ K
” :O & p “$' H$> d f( U
“X<` ;) / N3 & @&/m}@

m=

F ) F p '5)&

F ) $3/$ iT f *D ds,$E 5 O 1 ? ",Y? @T N{$? #r m +( O & 'M?
f' O
{ ($ #' 3?V / N* is,$E _ $ M& #' %8
]? O & j
$ , .5'Y f
x)z
O 1 .? $: Ns8/ O
1 .? $: . N
#$ Y? m? '@
' 46
w X '$ / $5$M N$5>'&(&
:> }( N{' ;' M ? N{^)' $ c $ O & +',$ N1OM$T' )$ ,'(

F ) d? m? NXJ#? 0y $ . d O & '#$ N
¦' $ c
& )$#H$ :. “.#& ~r($F f( Q $ +Y ”
Q
$ U$ m? .$5/$&#~rM$&
& 5
QUZ .#' %8
]? ¨ $ iT 5
*' ($$@(

dY N';M$% $ 6
?} N$? f' [
{ $ $+$ .¦#F ;b & )$ ¨Ç=
$ Y? )$ .d? &#~rM$& $MT ;? M$.'
.' #$ 8?
f' [
& # c& -
I fell down c
& )$#E$ Roof of home O
{ $( #' 3?V Old man
X $`
Wideness, ease J
X #? It became narrow or
difficult
O
1 .? $: One who will be wasted
or died
X R'$:
He ran
$ Y? )$ It became wide O
1 M$T' )$ You seek permission O
$ /1m? }$@
He ran $+$ Shouter ^

{ )' $ He knows about me '5)&
A tribe of Madina $ ? He climbed ? Young man <`
Horses
' #$ 8?
A mountain at Madina { ' ;' M It completed O
1 ? ",Y?


& '
.&
$#r
$ M$(' ,&U= & >&$sG? .'( O & $/$ É#rM $> O & +',$ Z
É0 ,
N

) ¼= O & p?v? /
N$,3& @&s'M? f' 1 ($ c
& #$+@$
.Z{ '$ $ ,'U\S
“.
*? (> $ ~53$ @&” :dp *(@( '5/&~3$ & .¦? ¦?
& 5
'/jp? @$$
Pp N&5
?T w
X

)
m N$%s
O & E$! @T :Q+Y .
N\S f#3
f ;b ) ¨Ç= P.
N'/}$5U$ '54
$ ? $ @T F ' #$3&
' M f( *F 4 ¨¼=
.*{ 4v' $U$s/ K

) . N

) O & ,j$ , :Q+Y .
:O. :. “.
$ ~
$ >1$ ?$ ZF 5& "#$ P{ $ #' 1 H
$ (' #& ~r($F” :)' &#s
&
f' & 3& u
& #& M1 $ U N
“.
5 f ;( NK” :. “
' 5 f P N
) '5 f' ”
& #' +$/ 5YF .#$ ,?. *F +$ v'. /}Y @T & 3$ )$ $5@'
"#$
m=

F) dY
*D . ' f & ? H$/ d '@($> f d̈= !
) ” :O & F. $ i( O& s?$ , .5 m
3 $ ' $ +( $ 's” :

) . “.
) ¼=
¼=
“.1#$ M$$H(' Z
',3$ $
& s' É” :O& . “. #X 1 E
1. After the conquest of Khyber, agricultural produce was distributed among the companions of the Prophet. Ka’ab
5
:) is indicating that.
It illuminated )$ $5@'
He moved quickly F ' #$3& I removed O
& $/$
Part of moon #$ ,?. *F +$ v'. He shook hand with me '54
$ ? $ I gave his dress & >&$sY?
We remove, we give
away
& ? H$/ I will forget him $U$s/ I took as a loan c
& #$+@$
Keep! 's It shines, it radiates u

& #& M1 $ In groups ¦?
My share ',3$ $ Passed on you "#$ They congratulate me '5/&~3$ &
A town 170km North
of Madina
#$ M$$E He was happy "#$ Congratulations for you!
$ ~53$ @&

D. K= ¢
? ' T K d '@($> f d̈= 'u-( '/"%/$ ,/=
d̈= !
) ” :O & p
' # m c& #Ym ZF 5&
' 46
u ' '
& ( i,s
f
¦T & ? '
“.O
& ?p?

# m c & #Ym Z5 c & ",+$ >$ .'/( ,' f$ s
$ T

.O
& 'p($ ,
'5q? 8? 4$ d &)z É= ¦(Z'Y
ZU ¼=
)' -$ /yz
$ f$ '#' $3,& 6
$ ~M'"5
?$ & j
< $ $> 1 p? ?” :
)
/
1 3' (' & "/=' 1 3' 1 ? $ <
$ $> "F 1 3& 51 ' { '#? <
& F.F nF '$ !$ Y? $ ' +1 ($ f1 ' ]' #$ s1 +& 6
*' $ $ ' & &+M$">
f$ 'Zj
O1 .? $:$ O 1 M$T& )$ $,(' x & )1 zy

1 3' 1 ? $ O
1 .? $:
?m=' "@T$
F8kE& f$ 'Zj
*' ?j
?$ $ .X 'T)$ X 0)$
<&
""@
$ U& $ j
jd='
&(&@$' 1 3' 1 ? $ < $ $> "F ' 1 ?=' jK=' ' j
f1 ' }?%
$ 6 $ K d6 ?
A5V? $ 1 3& s& 8F /? 1 3' 1 ? $
(9:117-119 *(@
) “.i $ .' !' "-
$ $
&/FY$ $ j

Fp">

&5$ f$ 'Zj
$3A? $ .& 'T"#
# '.' f s8/ ' & q NP '/

U d +( N´µ.' *{ ,+'/ f'
$ +$ /

fZ .
d .
(ZY fZ
U ,Y
$ ? U} & @&(jZY? d? Y K d N

:{ Tz . #`$ T

/ iT
&(jZY?
Worth Reading
A large number of people kill their wife and children by giving them slow poison.
How? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE04-0001-Smoking.htm
Despite of its vastness O

1 M$T& )$ $,(' Definitely I hope &)z He rescued me '/"%/$
Refuge, shelter }?%
$ 6 $ I remain alive O
& 'p($ I will not describe ¢
? ' T K
He blessed $ +$ / Hardship ]' #$ s
1 +& 6
He blessed with it & (
He perished
$ ? U It deviated nF '$ I never intend to c
& ",+$ >$

1 3& "/=' 1 3& 51 $

&:#' 1 }?? 1 3& 51 $
&:#' +1 @&' 1 3' 1 ?=' 1 @&M1 ? p? /

?m=' 1 GF ? ' j'( d? F8' 41 $$ :¼+> )M> p
1 3& 51 $
1: $ #1 >$ d6 '? 1 3& 51 $
1:
$ #1 @$' 1 GF ? d? F8' 41 $ .d? &Ms ' G6 $
&/?Y $,(' 0|
$$ & "53$ $ 1 U&
$6}$ $ w X 1 )'
(9:95-96 *(@
) “.i $ p' ' ?86
P' 1 p? 6
f1 $ $:#1 $ K $ j
jd'?

) 35 ;? M. fZ
#{ f *
3 $58jH $ >$ 5Y :Q
X +Y .
@T $/#$ 1

F ) }?$ ) N3? #$ 8? L$@
&3+$ $$M N
F8? T$ iT
$58jE$ ,'
#$ Y? m? Z
w “...
F8kE& f$ 'Zj
*' ?j
?$ $ ” :
. ZM N
$.?
È
) .5' ; ? M$p? = )$ Z? @$

$ ? T$ f, N/&# & & $)= N$/"= & 8F 'H$> U ,/= N'$L
f' $
(/ fsÀ
¯ “<#+
<
' != f c
)@H&” f mE} N)H&M _4-
Do you know?
The prose of Pre-Islamic Arabs was in form of sermons and public speeches. It was
mainly oral. The Quran is the first compiled book in pure Arabic literature which
was written and read widely (the Quran itself means ‘the read book’). Arab Jews &
Christians also translated Bible into Arabic. Arabs used to memorize their literature.
The art of writing was developed after the Quran. During second century Hijra (8th
century CE), there was a great revolution. Import of paper started at a large scale
and compiling books was started. People used to write before it but these written
documents were like personal diaries.
Rule of the Day!

The phrase which is made by adding an d6 to a [) ;+ is called a
"$ & )-. It gives the meaning of a )-. For example ;? YF }$> d6 (Your
eating), ; ? +$ 8$ d6 (His doing), P$ #' Y6 F d6 (My giving respect), $ k+$ >& d6 (Her
teaching) etc.
He deferred }?$ ) Their abode 1 U&

$}6 $ You turn 1 @&M1 ? p? /
Lagging behind
& 'H$> They ear d? &Ms
' G6 $ So that you ignore
&:#' +1 @&'

Lesson 5A: The Sentence Starting with a Verb *+ *,&

We have already discussed that there are two Be generous to your parents. The right of
types of sentences, *+ * *,1
*. parents is more than any other person.
We have already discussed the former. In this lesson, we shall discuss the *+ *.
• A *+ * consists of three elements: the verb ;+, its subject ; and its object +8. The first two are
essential part of a sentence while the object is an optional part. As you have already seen that different
words used for verbs already contain a built-in subject. That’s why these words are complete sentences by
themselves. These are single-word sentences.
• Sometimes a separate word is used as the subject or the object. For example <
$ $M
;F & #$
_
$ @$y (The man
opened the door). In this sentence, _
$ @$y ;F & #$
is the subject
is the verb, and <
$ $M
is the object. These
subjects and objects are called the “Apparent Nouns (#UV 1
)”.
• Whether the apparent subject is singular or a plural, in both cases, the verb used will the one used for
singular nouns. For example, <
$ $M
F $#'
_
$ @$y (The men opened the door), <
$ $M
0 $s5'
O
1 4
$ @$y (The women
opened the door), <
$ $M
d' &#$
_
$ @$y (The two men opened the door), <
$ $M
d' >=#= _
$ @$y (The two women
opened the door). You can note that for #YZ ,$ *5>, the #YZ T
will be used whereas for *5>
/ ,$, the / T
is used.
• If the #UV 1
is plural of non-intellectual nouns, its verb will be that of / T
. For example O 1 M$U$ m?
<
& jGF
(The dogs went). You already know that the plural of non-intellectual nouns is considered
feminine in Arabic.
• You can use both masculine or feminine words for the following:
• If the #UV 1
is the plural of an intellectual noun. For example F $#'
O
1 M$U$ m? (The men went),
F $#'
Q
$ U$ m? (The men went). Both are correct.
• If the #UV 1
is itself a plural noun. For example P& p
O 1 M$U$ m? (The group went), P& ?p
Q
$ U$ m? (The
group went). Both are correct.
• If the #UV 1
is a non-living matter considered feminine by the Arabs. For example $ ? ?
w
& ,$r
(The sun rose), w & ,$r
O
' +$ (The sun rose). Both are correct.
• If more than one verbs are used in a sentence. One verb is with plural #UV 1
while other is without it.
We shall use the first one singular and other plural. For example
&#- $ /$ F $#'
O
1 M$U$ m? (The men went and
helped), or
&#-
$ /$ F $#'
Q
$ U$ m? (The men went and helped). Both are correct.
• Sometimes the #UV 1
is brought before the verb. It has no impact on the meaning but the emphasis is
shifted on the subject. For example P& p
O 1 M$U$ m? (The group went), O
1 M$U$ m? P& p
(The group went).

• There are some verbs for which an object is not mandatory. For example “He went”. The sentence is
complete and an object is not mandatory. They are called P2K ;+. There are certain verbs which are
meaningless without an object. For example “He helped the other person.” Here the verb is not fully
understandable without the object. These verbs are called +@ ;+.
• In active voice, the subject will always be in the subjective case ) whereas the object will be always be
in the objective case Q-/.
• As you have already learnt that there is no subject in the passive voice. In that case, the object takes the
place of the subject and becomes its assistant. In passive voice, the object will be in the subjective case
).
• Usually the sequence of a *+ * is +8Ó;Ó;+ but this sequence can be changed in order to shift
the emphasis.
• Instead of single words, a phrase can be used as a subject or an object. For example _
X ' ;b & )$ w
$ ? $ (The
pious man sat). In this case, the _
X ' ;b & )$ is the subject because it is in subjective case. Here the subject
is a 8> QY#. Similarly in *$)$ ?
mF $@F
w $ ? $ (The teacher of the school sat). Here the *$)$ ?
mF $@F
is
the subject which is a Ò:= QY#. The is in subjective case.
• In addition to the subject and object, a *+ * also includes some other phrase e.g. ) QY#. For
example #G
X ' $T w
$ ? $ (Hamid sat on the chair), ){ $M('
& YF #$ -
$ /$ (Allah helped you at Badr). It
further explains the situation.
• Sometimes, two objects are also used. In that case both will be in the objective case Q-/. For example
¦,'$
¦$2 X ' T Q
$ s
' T$ (Hamid considered Zaid a scholar). Here both Î 2 are the object.
• Sometimes, a situation is explained for a verb. It is called “Adverb” in English. In Arabic, usually an
$ ¦(#$:
¦$2 X ' T <
adjective is used to describe the condition of a verb. For example
¦'` $ #$ :
$ (Hamid
beat Zaid harshly). This adverb is called T in Arabic and is always in Q-/.
• A noun which is ; 1
as a noun may become an object +8 in a sentence. For example in Q $ s' T$
¦,'$
¦(' X ' T (Hamid considered Abid a scholar), Î ( both are ; 1
but they have been used
as +8 in the sentence.
• Similarly a noun which is +8 1
as a noun may become a subject ; in a sentence. For example
!X &,4$ w $ ? $ (Mahmood sat). Here !,¾ is an +8 1
as a noun, but used as ; in the sentence.
Therefore, being an +8 ; 1
is something different from its use in a sentence.
• Sometimes, the subject is brought before the verb e.g. O ' $M
¼= Q $ U$ m? X ' T (Hamid went to the home). This
sentence is a combination of a *+ *,1
*,&. Here X ' T is
@M, while O ' $M
¼= Q
$ U$ m? is its #$ME$ . In such
case the complete *+ *,& has become the #$ME of *,1
*,&.

Test Yourself
Identify the verb, subject, object and other parts of each sentence as mentioned in example. Apply the rules
you have learnt. You have already translated these sentences. The grammarians call this analysis as QY#>.
Analysis '(#
[) ;+ N+8@= <( :¡3@s | ) N; 1
:
\,: 1
:U N# #T :< ' | QRS #YZ T
NP+ 1 3' (' ¡
& ' 31 @$s
1 $ & j
) QY# :Ú N# QRS #YZ *L )#9
1 YF 0y $s/' d? &4
1 @$s
1 $
' ' 1 p? ' $& ?ps
1 @$1
m6 ='
#X 1 E$ $ U& 'Zj'( $/!1 ? $ U& 'Zj
d? F' M1 $@s
1 >$?

&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
?$ d? &4@'86 @$s
1 $
/Y
O
1 jpr
$ /
0 $,"s

?m='

D)&#s
1 $ ' ' U1 ? ?=' Q
& ' p? 5$
1 GF 51 ' i
$ ' ' p6 @$s
1 ,& 6
$5,1 ' $ 1 p? ?$
$ 'p@$s
1 ,& 6

?
$#~-
$/' U1
Do you know?
Sometimes, when a word is transferred from one language to another, its form and meaning
are changed. For example, the word Q#S means “eccentric” in Arabic but in Urdu and
Hindi, it means “poor”.
Face the Challenge!

With the source letters a c , the first word of the past tense is _$ @$? while
with the source letters u, the first word of the past tense is ?y y.? .
Similarly, that of [ < is [
$ $(. Why the are converted into Alif?

Analysis '(#
D3'($r@$& ' ('
&>F
& "53$ $ & &
$%
$ ?
D~,+$ @$& D5'1 & ;6 @&p6 $ f1 $
d? &#q' @$5& "/='
&#q' @$/
;6 .F
#X r
' @$5& !X
$#$ 1 3& "/}?Y? ¢
'
$1 zy
f1 ' d? &&#H
1 $
d? &#jG8? @$$ P{ 1 p? ' c
{ $
$ 'm? ' jd='
)& $3/1zy
& 51 ' #& "%8? @$$ $,? ]' )$ $%4
' 6
f1 ' jd='
d? &$ H
1 $ $$
&5$ f$ 'Zj
$ $ j
d? &'!$H&
d? &#+& r
1 $ $$ 1 3& s
$ 8F /? jK='
*D ? 1 ? i
$ +' ($)1 ? $& $/1 $
$ m6 ='
$51 ? $ $ ($$r>$ #$ p? M$6
jd='
Do you know?
Poets enjoyed an extraordinary position in the Arabian society. Arabs had
a great taste of poetry. A poet was the spokesperson of his tribe. It was his
responsibility to establish the esteem of his tribe and degrade other tribes.
By just saying a few verses, he was able to motivate people, to increase
the respect of his tribe and to make a person or tribe disrespectful. When
the famous poet Al-A’asha decided to convert to Islam, the pagans gave
him 100 camels to avoid it because they were expecting a great impact of
his conversion to Islam.

Analysis '(#
d'
$1 +& 6
$ ' 6' '( 1 3' 1 ? $ d? &#U$ ?q@$>$

D\'s$ D($sT' Q
& $ $4&
$ 1 s
$ ?
d? &$ $L@$$ 1 3' ('
A#$
?m='$
#& F?G"@
1 YF $36?
DM'Y
$#@$& DMT$ & 51 ' J
& #' H
1 /&

D!&
&
$ 51 $ d? A-
& $ i
$ p' ' $5,& 6
O
$ 1?)$
' ~()$ f1 ' *b ,$ +1 /' & Y? )$
$>$ d6 ? K1?
,s
$ & ;{ $ ? ?=' f{ 1$ (' 1 @&5$
$>$
?m='
& &M@&Y6 ?
$#E1 F & ? & :
' #1 @&s
$ ? 1 >&#1 $ $+>$ d6 ='
Rule of the Day!

The word . is used for different meanings:
• If it is added to : ;+ it specifies it to the near past and add emphasis e.g. 1 .?
& >&#1 -
$ /$ (I have just helped him).
• If it is added to [) ;+ it adds a doubt to it or adds the sense of “sometimes”
to it e.g. P
#& v ? ,$ 6
F ' 51 $ 1 .? (Perhaps rain may come down today), _ &% $ 5$ 1 .?
d? s?G
(Sometimes, a lazy person also becomes successful).
• If it is added to [) ;+ it creates emphasis e.g. ' j
F &)$ ~/? d? &,? +1 >$ 1 .? (You
definitely know that I’m a Prophet of Allah).

Analysis '(#
f1 ' & j
0y $` d6 =' '/& %
' @$$ #& $ 1 >& $ ;6 +$ 6
O
' ($? $ ? ?.
f$ '#('"-
d? &M$+1 & *D 3$ ' f' ,$ T1 "#

d' &! f1 ' $56 +$ $ ?
d? &M&+1 >$ $ & M&1 ? K
#& 1 zy
& $ #1 & ' 1 ?='$ x
' )1 zy
$ c
'
$,$ "s
Q
& 1 ?S ' j'$
d? &+$ #1 >& ' 1 ?='$ & G6 4
& 6
& ?$
d? &,? +1 $ 1 3& j+$ ?
' "5
?=' & ' )1 ?
d? &#q? 5& 1 U& K$ <
&
?Z+$ 6
1 3& 51 $
& j8H
$ & K
i
$ ('m' ?G6
f1 ' O
$ 5FY P1 ? O
$ .6 $
$ ? #& qF 5$5$ ??.
Rule of the Day!

is a conjunction as well as a preposition. As a conjunction, it gives the
meaning of “and” while as a preposition, it gives the meaning of “I swear
that”. There is a third type of
which is called 46

. This
gives
the meaning of “while” or “in the condition of”. It describes the
conditions at a specific time. It comes before a *+ *½
*. For
example <
'
$#4 1 ,' 6
' k- $ & X R'?. $ U& $ *F G? R'$,6
& >1!$ $5? (Angels called him
while he was standing for prayer in a niche), f 1 ' c ' $4'"-
f1 ' ;6 ,$ +1 $ f1 $ $
*? "5%
$ 6
d? FE& 1 $
$ '?1 }F? fX ' 1 & $U& $ ?/F 1 ? #{ Y? m? (Whoever men or women do
good deeds in the condition of being a believer, they will enter the
Paradise), & 51
$
&3/& 1 .? $ $(~#
1 U' Z' E1 ?$ (Their taking of usury while they
were forbidden to take it) etc.

Analysis '(#

D '.? D5$,? ' ('
&#@$r
1 $'
1 3& s
$ 8F /? ' ('
1#$ @$`1
$,s
$ 6 ('
DM~?
D'+
$
&,",$@$?
$U' ?$ (' ]b $ '
$ ")$>& K
1 3& (&F.F O
1 3$ ($$r>$
' j
?=' & A!#& ? 0{ 1 `$ ' 1 @&1 2$ $5>$ d6 '?
' &"#
$
Worth Reading
Suspicion kills a person. How? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-
0007-Suspicion.htm
Worth Reading
Islamic Threat – Myth or Reality. An introduction to the book of John L.
Esposito. A detailed analysis about the world Islamic movements by an
American professor who studies Islam and Muslim Movements in an
unbiased manner. The writing is in Urdu.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0012-00-Islamic Threat.htm

Lesson 5B: Selections from the Arabic Literature

In this lesson, we shall study a few passages of Allah is observing us. We are doing our work or
famous Arab writers of different ages.
not, He is also observing it.
1TÈ “)' &s$ <

{ $(mF N{)F.$ x
{ . i(”
K D5Y$) K D@~2' K µ .' D,'YT & "5
#$ $ ? N$)
" f& (
& M p x { . ]#-$M( 5 dY
' ]?
$L$
¨- dY .? µ ? M$:
$ Z
;? ' ' @'Y? #$T f' $ ? $ 's8/ f' µ
? M$: $ .D,T
D).
K DM$-@$5& F
.Õ'G"@$ K 'M@$4$ $s' %$ '>}6 .' ' % ' s f )'
"
Q & #. U N''' 51 $
{ T & ,' @$+$ K N{;') f D ') F ~4$ & K N&>$$ M1 T& ; 4 ' $ K N&O8' @$$ K NX 1 & &"#4
$ @$$
.*b ($&-5$ ]b #$ H$ N5'M 0e $5(' /}Y "@T$ N'jp`'
1. Al-Jahiz (real name Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Fuqaimi al-Basri) born in Basra, Iraq in
165H/781CE and died in 255H/869CE. He was a famous scholar of Ethiopian descent. Being the son of Zanji
(African) slaves he acquired great knowledge about Arabic literature. He was an Arabic prose writer and author of
works on Arabic literature, biology, zoology, history, early Islamic philosophy, Islamic psychology, Mu'tazili
theology, and politico-religious polemics.
Rule of the Day! The word "(& K (There is no escape) is used to describe the sense of “It is essential” e.g.
*? ($$@G'
$ j+$ >$ d6 (&K (It is essential that you learn writing), )$M@'E'K
f$ ' (K (The examination is essential)
etc. In case of nouns, the word fis used after (K.

Sitting on ground by
encircling legs by hands
]$M1 T& He controlled µ
? M$:
$ Judge of a court x
{ .
He switches F ~4
$ & Morning ]?
$L$
Dignified, venerable ){ F.$
He recline on & ,' @$+$ He sat on ground by
encircling around his legs
'M@$4$ Fly <
{ $(mF
His two sides ' jp`' He recline on Õ'G"@$ Bold )' &s$
Building 0e $5(' He did not remove (he was
in the same condition)
F
K Never µ
.'
Rock ]b #$ H$ Erect, sitting in the same
position
DM$-@$5& Serious D@~2'
Fixed, firm *b ($&-5$ He turns O
& 8' @$$ Firm D5Y$)

¼= P& p @T ZY

' s9 ¼= !& + F #' 3q
]' ¼= P& Fp$ @T NZY F
$$
;( .' k4
$ $ ¼= !$ $ ,$()& jË N'<#L
]- Pp @T$ ZY
N's ' ' %$,' & ' #$ jË N#-+
0y r+
k-& "F .' R'?$

' #Ar
!' &3+&
]' 0y
$#.' f' $ p' ($
m=
$ m dG dY
D\Y
:p A4 $ 6 .
& #' - $ 5$ ]? #$ 1 Ez
0| < $ #' `$ K N= J $ $@T

K N'0:
¼= ]D T
]D "#$ 1*' K'
]' ",& 6
> ' ' 1 p& 1 ?
.$3R'$@`' ' $38' $ ' N$U)' $-.? ' P' "z
'
' & /&6}`$ dY ZY .< '
$#"r
f & #$ 1 S? K
P' G( nF ' M& .& ' & "F $ jG? @$$ d K̈= w N'' #'( #& 1 r ' & K N&$ $ & ~#4
$ & K m dY
m6 = N' i $ ( f' 1 ? $,~s
' .' '
$T & (&4 P{ c$
m ZY U ."5"M$ ]$#1 'G?
'/$+,$ 6
#' 1 s ' $
?$ ' ' Fp& ' #$ M1 "-

P$
$# N'5' u ' 1 & ¼= F ~4
$ >& jË NFG$,6
? ?} < X $(m? ' 8' / µ ? p?
~#4 $ & d \S f '8/ ?$ 'p $ ³ ' -
f P$
$) ,Y ' ' F#&E m' ?8/$ ' ~$ .u ' &,6
.' +' M$}( A<Z' $ N&3$ f$ ~L$ & N&@$M$/$)

1. At the time of Jahiz, executive and judiciary of government were not separate. Usually the same person (e.g. a
king or his governor) was responsible for executive and judicial responsibilities.
Part u
' 1 & He talk in less words & ' & Place ¨;4
$ $
He abide by P$
$) He communicate nF ' M& Legal agreements !' &3+&
Bite ~$ He explained to us "5"($ Legal documents ' R'?$
Penetrating m' ?8/$ On one day, once P{ c

$
m Term of governorship *' K'
Trunk, biting part of a worm PF#&E Around '

$T He needed J
$ $@T
Edge / top of nose O

$ M$/$) Two rows f' 1 ? $,~ Long (days i.e. summer) '

He make wrinkles on his
forehead
f$ ~L$ & It prolonged ? ? Short (days i.e. winter) )' $-.?
He drives away A<Z' $ Stay
F G$,6
He signaled #& 1 r
' &

N?;F L@
;F ,' @$4$ K dG ¼= $ -. N&.? #$ T1 & +$ $ & ? L$ `$ < ' $(ZF
f ' m ,
N'_@1 8
u ' M
i $ ( ?
$ d̈ ¼= m & ?$ . 1 3$ 5$ ;' 8z
'58 ?$ 1z
& 5$8? $ $ M$
dY d{ G ' & $ F#&E w $ ,$ L$ ? ¼z
' >'"# f "`}( ' .' ¼= ! "F N&5&8$ f$ G? $ $,?) "45$@$
& /$8 $ "#4 $ N$. *' /
' #' M1 "-
f & & %1 ' N& +$ : & F$,@'T
dG .m ;? M. & U .
.u' M
_ ' @1 8
' (&$@>$ ' N'i+
_
' @? ' *' Y? #$46
]' "`' ' !
2
$#M1
$ Û ? #$ 8$@
@T A_' & ?
2 , N' +' : ' ¼= ! "F & @&Y? #T O 1 5$G? )' 1 p( & 5 "45$@$
N&pF & #$> = P' p
dF .;? +$ 8? N'' $( ' 5 f "<Z' $ d f
D(& 1 '%$ .& !$ &3%$ n? $(
¼= & }?% $ 6 "F .'+: ¼= ! "F &@Y#T O 1 5?G & $ "!)$ ){ 1 p( 5 "45$@$ .& /$1 #$ $ K 3/}Y
f1 $ f{ 1 +$ (' & jYF ?+' jd $ ' $ .m i( $ ($> d6 ¼= }$%6 F .' ~,Y? ' #$ v? ( '31 f "<m? d
:. =
#q/ ", .' R'$s? & ' R'$5F f' ' #'
$ T$
Effort !$ &3%$ Closing (eyes) u

' M
It made him busy & ? L$ `$
Escape
D(& It withdrew "45$>$ It pained him & +$ $
They glanced & & #$> It stopped moving f$ G? $ It caused a feeling of
burning in him
& .? #$ T1
It forced him }?%
$ 6 Waited until $,?) He is able to bear ;F ,' @$4$
Sleeve (of a shirt) ~Y? It penetrated w
$ ,$ S? Carelessness ;? F L@
Secretaries 0$5F It created pain U He closed $ M$

Persons sitting with him 0$s? & Continuously doing
something
&($@>$ Eyelid f$ 8? $
It keep doing it A_' & It did not depart
1 3$ 5$ Î
He did his best effort Û
? #$ 8$@
He continued ?
$

& @1 M$%
$ 1 f$ #& ?Y ,
y
#& 8' L$@ .<
'
#$ L&
f $U2 N'0$s8? 5&H6
f$ ' A_? < $ (Z̈
jd & 3$ `”
f1 ' ' 5
$ 5 ~/ O& ,'$ .
D)&@s$ & 5 dY ' 8' +1 : & f' & ? ~#+$ & d ¨;$ $
!$
)} &s8$/
“.' p' 6 E$
& +$ : '54$ $ ? '5M$? S? p .' 5
O$ $ 21
“.<
& Fv6 ?
$ Q
& 'jv

$ +& :
$ & 5' & FZp15@$s
1 $ K? D1`$ <
& $(Z
& 3& M1 F s
1 $ d6 =$” :¼+> & ?. > jË
' f1 +$ v6 $ ? f1 $ X T dY N(4 ' DM3& dY N'PG
' ;F '.? N'd$sk
&f~($ dY
$ 6
<@Y) .*' ?$5,$ ' '(4
(d
$4 ' '#+$> ' K Ns8/ '
Rule of the Day!

The word #1S is always a of the words coming after it e.g. _
{ '4
$ #& 1 S? (Not correct),
{ ' s& #& 1 S? (Non Muslim) etc. That’s why such words are )#9.
Do you know?
In Pre-Islamic Arabia, there was no central government. Each person was protected by his
tribe. In case of a crime within a tribe, the criminal was punished by the respective tribal
chief. His family had to pay penalties for certain crimes. If a person committed a crime
against a person of another tribe who had good relations with the tribe of the criminal, he was
punished by the tribal chief on demand of the friend tribe. If he had committed a crime against
a person of an enemy tribe, he was protected by his tribe. It was the responsibility of that tribe
to wage a war against the tribe of the criminal to avenge from them for protecting the
criminal. This was one of the reasons of continuous inter-tribal wars. Such wars were not
limited among two tribes. Their friend tribes also had to participate in the war.
Eloquent f& ~($ The most serious person O$21 The most insisting A_?
Useless ' It dominated me '5M$? S? Coleoptera, worms 0' $s8? 5&H6
Venerable DM3& It disgraced me '54

$$ ? More proud $U2
He was not blamed f1 +$ v6 & ? The most weak
& +$ : Crow <
'
$#L&
To make ridicule
' '#+$> It takes away from them & 3& M1 F s
1 $ It became proud O
1 M$%
$ 1
To obtain benefits *' ?$5,$ 6
They cannot take it back & FZp15@$s
1 $ Hidden
D)&@s$

1' ~()
$ ' M$ f' ( #& ,$ T1 z
7
& ,p
:p 'R. $ ,' $ m= D O' 1 M$(

'
$v?
' )& -5
$,5$$( :2)' &-5$,6
5' !' M+
f' ;{ ) P& ?p$
“.' ,jv
f ' ' U ~4$ 6
i( F ~4 $ & x' )z
' !' s?8
' L$M
)& 3FV = FG` É= 3¨
”
$ ? @$
f' 1 @$+6Y)$ j-
$ & &$ ;' #
?= ;) ' % ' s$,6
f *? $T' $/ w$%? )& -5
J $ #$ H $
f' #& YF Z$> $ @$+',$ Z
” :)& -5
p .*' ? $H6'( $ js $ ' #
;? M$.? .f$ YA#
c$ 1 r $ T$ p '
.' ,v̈
f ' ' U ~4
$ 6
i( F ~4
$ & Z
x' )z
' LM
!' $s8?
)' &3VF
“.'5
$ $ )1 $+$ $s$
c
& #1 -
$ @$.6

$ 5' c
& #1 %
$ @$T
K̈= $3'&F f )' z( $ @&,? !i5
#$ 1 '5@$5$ d6 =” :p
jd= !i5
\ $ :p “.;Fp $ s
' 8/ fX ' O $ /}” :. “.;b S' ` 3 ' s8/
G” :p “.O $ /z LM
!' $s8?
f' x ' )z
' #$ 3$ V? f$ 1 ($ $5( ? $T & ,v
E! Z
“.5' ' ' $46

6 4
$ 6
'@
$ M1 .? ' 0y $$M
0y
$#8? -
$
,v
'5F E1$ !
$ 4$ 1$
$ 'm?
1. He is Abu A’mr Ahmed Ibn Muhammad Ibn A’bd Rabbihi (246-328H). He is one of great Arab writers. He lived
in Muslim Spain and wrote various books on history and literature.
2. He was a king of Abbasid Dynasty.
Busy ;b S' ` Corner (of Holy

Ka’aba)
f$ YA#
I complain FG`
Woe on you! !
$ 4
$ 1$ You filled c
$ 1 r
$ T$ Injustice, oppression ' L$M
Yellow (i.e. golden) 0y

$#8? -
$
My ears $+$ $s$ Aggression,
disintegration
!' s?8
White (i.e. silver) 0y $$M

It burned me '5
$ $ )1 It separated F ~4
$ &
My control '@
$ M1 .? You give me protection '5@$5$ Greed ' ,jv
Sweet (i.e. blessings) 64

$ 6
Its realities $3'&F Side, direction *? $T' $/
Sour (i.e. afflictions)
' ' $46
I’ll keep away from c
& $%@$T
He kissed $ ? @$

O
$ ?8S} .3?
' !' M' #$ $ $#1 @$

y
jd= $? E$! ' ,v
f X T$ ?;E$ !$ ;U :.
f ¦(
( ~#&
~7% $ 6
f D(% $ T' 35( 5( O $ + N'3'
{ ,1 % $ (' O
$ ,$,@$U
N&U)$
c
' $$M$ ' ?",& O $ 6 +$ ($ .3 35 $s8/ O $ 51 %
$ $ F .a
& s
3+ ¦
"#T$ N''4 $ 6
? .&3@$",$
¦#8/ db db K= ' #
f$ ' X T$ ;? E& $ K d c $ #? .3'+,1 $ '
z
K= X T K = .#' 1 p8

' +"
K ')+
' R'$%6
K ' &36 ,$ 6
K P' Fq$,6
' -( #1 & }6 >$
.T$ ' $,6

ZU '

&M%' 4& K d c $ #1 $ '@"' )$ 3& >$#? $ s
' 85 &3@$-?H 1 @$
fZ
#& 85
0' KU $ )$ ,
;? -' $ K d6
&#,$ @$R “.& /$&H/& K 5 ,
d? $E .
ZU” :
. 3&+,$ %$> ?
z
'M% 1 >$ N$/$&!
& &/"E$ K= &U#$ & '?H& ;b ' J & #& H
1 $ K .
&!
$) K= 0e 1` ' 5
)' $ME ' 6 ' f' =
&U&($U & 5
&3,$ q? 1 ? 35$ 5 m #$ r $ $@/
, .&@?' 51 $ µ? p' s$> @T & 1 8? /$ 5
F . $ @') ' FV 3'(
&p6 $' '
z
$
$3$ 6( F,& &3+$ /$$ f$ ? " dG &U&+/$$
.3$/! f$ $ 6 VF
F$5$' '@) f' ]' $ #j
]' )$ $ p6 ,$ 6
&m? m ;+
They fear them &U&($U One who have nothing

to wear
')+
He made your responsible $ $#1 @$
They flatter them &U&+/$$ You appointed

specifically for you
O
$ -?H
1 @$
Veil, separation D($%T'
Your governors / civil
servants
F,& Your preferred them
over others
&3>$#? Plaster, building materials ~7%
$ 6
Gifts, plural of *U $

$3$ 6
They collect 'M%
1 >$ Bricks ~#&
So that they strengthen

&p6 $' They take money in a
corrupt manner
d? $E Security guards ¦
"#T$
Your subjects
$ @') They instruct
&#,' @$R You imprisoned, you
remained hidden
O
$ 51 %
$ $
Power ]' )$ $ p6 ,$ 6
They remove him & 1 8? /$ Collection of taxes c
' $$M$
Wealth ]' $ #j
It drops µ
? p' s$> Delivering, reaching ' -=
So that they reach
F$5$' They consider them
great
&3,$ q? 1 ? Needy, afflicted
' &36 $

O/ $ /'v6& ' $ 0' ?Y#$ `& P& p

0KU )$ $
D!s D1L($ D,6VF ' ,v̈( '
!& '( c
1 Ä
y @$
O
$ 1 3$ /$ ?. $ $ $ $ N$)' 3FV 5 = ' @'-.' $ 6)$ !
) d6 .& 5$( 5( ;? 'T X kq? @& 0 d ;b ' S
N$#M1 E$ $@/$?v($ n? ? M$ X kq? @$,& 6
m 0 d .3','q$ ' #& qF 51 $
D ) ' 5 O $ 8?.$ Nm f$
.= & @$,?q$ $ ? #1 $ K d ' 'q$,6
Q
$ T
F}$
G1r$ ( mF F$ =
& ' @$H$ P& ' q
F
$ .35 DE &3($$} *b 1#T& Ú 5 kq@
d6
DT~#M$& D(#: <
& #$ & i( ^ & #$ c1#3?V F J $ #$ T1 $ 3$ 1
m N&+& ? 1 & U
F 'L@1s$

ZU P
0p$( , .#'G51 >& , #& qF 5$> O/ ' #' 1 L$ KD G$/ dG
0| G$( GM? ' +' ,1 s
$ (' $3GF ? $ Q
$ 'F . ]D "# 3&@$p? f' 1 ~-
¼= #& ' $F !i5
\ O & 5Y .
P{ Fq,' 'G(1 5G ¯ *' '25
*' "' M$' G(? O & s /= p #' M1 - $
& & $s& & j4
$
D`
'
&!$/ Q
1 U$ Z6 $ ? #-$( jd +1,$ Q $ U$ m? ?. m= $ :. F .& >$$ & ,1? < ' $M( ^& #& -$
#$ ;U #Fq5 )' 35
?#$ ? ;? 8
Q & Y? #$ dY Ë .{ kq? @$& K= #$ ,$ T1 D( w $ M$6 $ K d ' 5
.Dq
China f' 1 ~-

He seeks help
F 'L@1s$ It is full c
1 Ä
y @$
So I arrived there 3&@$p? He is pushed by him & +& ? 1 & Complainant, being
offended
X kq? @&
A trouble was reached Q
$ 'F He strains $ 3$ 1 Your arrival or
appearance
$ )' 3FV
Weeping, crying 0| G$( He forces into a critical
situation
J
$ #$ T1 You have stopped O
$ 8?.$
So he urged him & j4
$ Cries, screams ^
& #$ Your retinue (people
surrounding you)
$@/$?v($
For the affliction, distress *' "' M$' Intense, acute DT~#M$& Forbidden *b 1#T&
He weeps, he calls ^
& #& -$ An exemplary
punishment
KD G$/ So he accepts them &3($$}
They announced
&!$/ You don’t stop /
discourage
#'G51 >& , He recourses this
matter
( mF F$
Two sides i.e. morning &
evening
?#$ ? I travel / will travel #& ' $F He complains G1r$

;U f
' ( fX ' & O/ NFnjM$,& 6

ZU f$ 1 Y#r&,6( & @&? ) O
1 L$ ? ($ ' ( X #r& !i5
\
Z3
.
$ s
' 8/ ~_`& f$ 1 ,sF( $@? ) $ M&? L1 >$ K N'~M'/$ O
' $(
& ? ' ~ f' v$( f' µ F pF s$ ;' 8kv
'
D#M$'
$
$) p $ ' ?$ ' ? ,6
& ,$ %$> ,/= O $ 5Y d6
@T ;? 8v
Z( & vF $
F
$ , .'4 1 >$ *b 4$ '4`$ X & /$&! K= { f Nb x ' )z
,/= O $ . d6 .0 r 0 r f 'v+& Z

;( 'v+&> Z
O $ s .= ' 5
*F MS) $ qF +1 >$
f' &3+& ,$ 35 $5S *{ "$ F '5( '
#¦ M$'
$
) p N?d?vAs
( "r & @$' ? ,6
& ,$ %
1 >$
,/= O $ . d= .!$
) 3'(
!
) f1T [ '
"#GF
a' "s
' ~#
f'
A 'QU$ jZ
*b ?' 51 K= O/ u $ ?

N3 O/ @
*' L
f & s $ 1 U *{ S Q ' v ?
,%$>
. O $ / ' 'H(' K= $ )' 1 >& K
& 5$-$> G :p .K :)-5
p ';@p
f ~`}( $ $-$ f$ Q & .' $+>& ;U !i5
\
$
<'
Z+
' !' FH
& 6( fG ;' @p( -$ f$ Q
& .' +& K U /

$ 6 & ?"E$ Z

' ' ,$ 6(
.' z
Weapons a
' "s
He treats kindly
& vF $ His mercifulness & @&? )
Horses (for war) [
'
"#GF
It strengthens $ qF +1 >$ The reached message nF jM$,& 6
More enlarged & s

$ 1 You give 'v+&> Misery ~_`&
You perceive $ )' 1 >& To strengthen by it ( "r
& @$' An exemplary lesson
D#$M'
Against, contrary
' 'H(' Government, power d? ?vAs
He falls (drops) µ
F pF s$
You punish Q
& .' $+>& Umayyad Dynasty i.e. the Tightfisted *b 4
$ '4`$
dynasty who ruled the Muslim
*{ "$ F '5(
He appointed you ?"E$ world during 660-750CE. They
were just before Mansoor. You turn it '4
1 >$
Forever !' FH
& 6
They prepared
A He remains F
$

= O$r$ $
$ & @1 T$ #$ @
$ #& -$( = #?q/$ $ T$ )'
$$ & @$$,$ &M. $ p? $ ?)$ .
¼= $ $!$ '$ f' & $ $ @$/

m= $/A
' 6 & f O $ 414 ' `$ 5 '5L1 & ;U .$ 1)'
“s685$' $@T G ! $ 4$ 1$ .1 F E1 Î '5@$” :. Ë )& -5
GM? :. <s'À
.U$/&! ' 3'( d1: $ #1 $ 3'5! ' 3= d? &$ 86 $ ¦ 5 jd= !i5
\ ” :p
“.~5
&(#$ 3$ 3= O& $+($ .” :. “.$ &!~s $ & $ #' 1 ' &U)1 ' $` $ &`' #1 &
$ @$/$v'( &3$+1
P$ Fq$,6
#' -
& /
$ ($$%T' ;6 ~3$
$ ($$( _1 @$6
fG . $ @'p? # &3? ,' 4$> d F$E” :.
fX ' $: / $3' U ' 1 +
~4$ 6( 3$ ,1 s
' .
3kT' f' c $ .-
0y 1 8?
Z' E& $ 'q
1 ,$ .6

.*' "z
a ' $ $ &' $s& $ &>} d 35$
(#8
p+
) .$& 1 ? ;? & #$
Q
$ ' F ' s
' ' %
1 $ ¼= ! j-
$ .
,js d? &/km$ ,& 6
0y $
Face the Challenge!

With the source letters a c , the first word of the past tense is _ $ @$? while
with the source letters ! ! P, the first word of the past tense is "$ . Why?
Make it easy! ;6 ~3$ Scholars, plural of Î ¦ It holds in it $ p? $

Crush! Subdue! 1 ,$ .6
They seek help d? &$ 86 $ Organs, plural of *T) a')
$$
Taxes 0y 1 8?
They will guide you $ &`' #1 & It executes it & @1 T$ #$ @
In their easy manner 3kT' Consult them! &U)1 ' $` It walks O$r$
Guarantor fX ' $: They will keep you
straight
$ &!~s
$ & He removes it & $ $ @$/
They help
&' $s& They ran away, they
flee

&(#$ U$ Woe on you (said to
himself)

$ 4
$ 1$
He was not found $& 1 ? Your way of doing
things

$ @'p? # I deceive $@T

2!+s $$ 'p$ 1*b $' $+& dY

$ ?Y
:c
{
"# w
$ ,$E *'
P'
' dF m? }$ dY / *+ u
' E f' d? ?Y
F#$ p$ ' 8' 4
$ -$,(' $>& ;F E F N'- ' -$ .' f Û ? #' 8$ @T ~Ã?p' w$ ? $ #$ %8
j
m= dY
*' "$H' dm} .'s9 ¼= J & #& H$ Ë .c { +Y) $ ($) k- $ & Ë .$35$ #& & }$ ' ?' 51 ;F E Ë .?&
¼= 3' f d#& , & /$&,kG? & & &
$)2$ & ;E .& /$F~4 $ & &3F~4 $ & .*' "$H6
.3$Mr$ ^
{ #? !{ )' $( ~$ f ' R'$r$ F*?
1 ? U .#Lz
0'
$L$ ( '>& Ë .~r ' +$
J#H& “.'#FG
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1. He is Mu’awiya Ibn Abi Sufyan ,35
:), a companion of the Holy Prophet
. He was appointed as
the Governor of Syria by Caliph U’mar. He became the ruler of the entire Muslim World in 40H / 660CE and ruled
for 20 years. He was extremely generous and a political genius of his time.
2. He is a famous historian. He traveled in China, India and Africa and died in 345H / 956CE.
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1. He was one of great historians and sociologists in the Muslim History. Western scholars consider him the founder
of “Sociology”. His book “Muqaddamah” is taught in the renowned universities of the world. He wrote “The
Worlds’ History” that is published in seven volumes. He died in 808H / 1405CE. This article is from the
“Muqaddamah” whose contents show the author’s deep insight into the society.
Arriving f$ 1 R'$ Its destiny, its end U$#1 -$ Offence, suppression & Fq
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1 $ s
$ Y? It shrank O
1
$ M$p? /
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Markets, plural of u u
&
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$#,&+
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'
Its ratio '@M$s'/ Aggression d?
$&+
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Economic activity
' $+,$ 6
Their hopes &
expectations
3'
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& ?8/$ Earning <s@Y

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It became inhabited c
' #$ ,$ $ So they fled
F%
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' $
'
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1& You took it by force 3$@1 $ @$/
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It became strong O
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servants
*? $`' $46
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Do you know?
It was difficult to maintain correctness in handwritten books. Therefore, people started
writing very long books in form of poetry because it was very easy to identify a mistake in
poetry. It was also easy to memorize. Such books were transmitted easily by memorizing
and singing. Even the books of grammar and science were written in poetry although they
are not included in poetry because they do not appeal the emotions of their audience.
Face the Challenge!

With the source letters a c , the first word of the present tense is _ & @$86 $
while with the source letters ! [ , the first word of the present tense is
& +' $.
What happened to
?
Its prohibition & ,& 1#' 4$> Protection

' 8T Hopes, expectations '
Important ,3' & Race ;' s5

Desired ]F !$ &-p$
Its arguments & @&j!' It accomplishes it = "!? He establishes }Fr
$ 5$
Writing µ
' M"
Destruction Q
' '#H$> Specie [
' "5
Count, confinement,
limiting
#' -$46
Risk #' v$H6
Human '#r
$ M$

+
Dear Reader!
A question may be revolving in your mind. The first word Build Your Personality
Prophet Muhammad

of the past tense of a c is _
$ @$? but that of u is not
always used to select the easy option,
? $ .? , it is ? ?.. There are certain set of source letters, which if it had nothing sinful. Make your life
change their form when words are derived from them. easy, if there is nothing bad on the
easy path.
The verbs which change their original form after being driven from their source letters are called *-./ +.
It means that some of their letters are reduced. It is like a decease that attacks on verbs and even the derived
nouns. There are three major reasons for it:
• There is a hamzah 0 in the source letters. For example 0y #

$ .? for 0 ) u.
• A source letter is repeated. For example "$ for ! ! P or j;:
$ for x.
• One of three letters
is used in the source letters. For example $ $ $ for ! [ , [( for [ <.
These three letters are called Oj' #T .This name is given to it because O means “decease”. The
verbs or nouns in which one of these letters is used, become deceased.
Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, the word f gives the meaning of “any”. It is called R
2 f. It is used
in negative and interrogative sentences and the noun after it is ]#G/
. For
example '$ f' ;U (Is there anything else?), #{ Y
' "& f1 ' ;6 3$ ? #' Y6 kZ' d? #1 pF 6
$/#1 "s$ 1 p? ?$
(Surely, We’ve made the Quran easy as a reminder, so is there anyone who is got
reminded?), ' j
#& 1 S
? { '$E f1 ' ;6 U$ (Is there any creator other than Allah?), d' $,k+$ & $
{ T$ ? f1 ' (Both of them do not teach anyone), 0{ 1 `$ f1 '
$ /$A#
& $ $y (They’ll nor harm
you with anything) etc.

+
These *-./ + can be classified into six categories. All verbs not falling into these categories are normal
verbs and the rules described in these lessons are not applicable to them.
• 2&,3$: The set of source letters having a 0 in it. For example N0 ) u etc.
• $$& : The set of source letters having a letter repeated. For example ! ! P N x etc. Some
grammarians call it "+

$ & .
• ': The first source letter is a O #T. For example ) N! [ etc.
•
1 $ : The second source letter is a O #T. For example [ < N u etc.
• 7'.$/: The third source letter is a O #T. For example ^ etc.
• '8?: The two out of three source letters are O #T. For example etc.
• _4: The verb which does not fall into all above categories. There is no 0 or O #T in its source
letters and the source letters are not repeated. For example < c Na c N< ) x. This the default
normal category. We have already discussed the rules regarding it in previous level.
Please note that here we are talking about only the source letters. If there is a 0 or a O #T other than the
source letters, it will not be classified under these categories. For example, there is a in all words of <(
+=. It does not make the verbs 2,3. Similarly, in ;+8> <(, the *,Y [ is repeated, but it does not makes
the verbs .
The significance of learning their variations is to identify the source letters, verb / noun, person, gender and
number of each word correctly to know its meaning.
Do you know?
Before invention of printing press, each copy of a book was written by hand. Such type of
book is called a “Manuscript *vÝ”. The Muslims of Middle Ages utilized their artistic
skills in writing because they did not like to engage in making paintings or sculptures.
Several million copies of different books were written by hand. It resulted in the art of
calligraphy.

+
Test Yourself (1)

Source letters are provided to you. Mention the category of each source letter.
s. ]! s. ]!

u )P
<)x
) [<
u x)
)Ãd )
^ )
P[ !
PP
0)< PP
) 0J
)
uu ))
Rule of the Day!
The word #& E
$ F is the plural of $#E1 F and both of them are used for feminine nouns while the word #& E$ is
used for singular masculine nouns. For example #& E $ QX ' ( < $ ?S (Bilal and another student are
absent), $#E 1 z
?$ $,U&
$T1 =' O1 L$ ($ d6 '? (If one of them offends against the other), #$ E$ D3?=' (Another god),
c
X $3('$r@$& #& E$ F$ <
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APF "fU& (They are the base of the book while others are metaphorical), P{ "? f1 ' ]b "+' ?
#$ E$ F (So he should complete the number in other days), c { $s('$ #$ E$ F$ #{
1 E& c
{ &M51 & $ M1 $ (Seven green ears
and others are dry) etc.

+
Test Yourself (2)

Identify the source letters of following words. Mention the category of each source letter.
s. ]! 8 s. ]! 8

d? A- & $ Q
& U$ Z$
1 @&5$
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$36? $5$rE$
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$56 jV? d? &5'

Lesson 6B: Disciplines of Knowledge and their Classification
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study some chapters of
*p which contains detailed information about Make it your habit to get up early in the
the Muslim Intellectual History written by f( morning and enjoy the company of your Lord
by performing “Tahajjud” prayer.
dE.
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1. Arabs used to refer all Central Asians as “Turks”. Saladin was a Kurd. His ancestors belonged to the
area of Kurdistan presently situated on the borders of Turkey, Iraq & Iran. By the time of Ibn Khuldun,
the Eastern Muslim world i.e. Central Asia, Iraq, Iran etc. were destroyed by Mongol invasions while
those of the Western Muslim World i.e. Spain & Turkey were destroyed by the Crusaders. At that time,
Egypt and India emerged as the center of intellectual activity in the Muslim World.
2. Arabs call the countries in their west as “Al-Maghrib”. It includes the countries of North Africa e.g.
Libya, Algiers, Morocco and the Muslim Spain or Andalus.
Worth Reading
Arnold Schwarzeneger is one of successful person in the world. He also had to face a big problem. What
was that? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE04-0003-Schwarzeneger.htm
Productive, generating
money
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(1) At the time of Ibn Khuldun, all present day sciences e.g. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Philosophy,
Economics, Sociology etc. were part of Philosophy. (2) See the next page.
New *' ?!' $46

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generation to another
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From previous page. (2) It is a widespread view among Muslims that the Shariah (or the Divine Law) is
not based on wisdom. This view is not correct. The Shariah is totally based on intellect and natural ethics.
The Quran incites its audience again and again to use their intellect to determine the right path. Other
scholars e.g. Shah Waliullah have described in the detail the logical wisdom behind Shariah’s directives.
His reading ' >'0y

$#.' Mandatory *? :
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& "' #$`
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(1) Mutawatir means that it is transmitted by an excessively large number of people in each generation.
The Quran and the basic directives of Shariah are transmitted from a generation to another generation by
this way.
Knowledge related to
language beauty
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Two covers (of
wood)
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sentences Knowledge related to
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(1) There are two types of directives of religion: Those related to human mind e.g. believing in God,
attitude towards God etc.; those related to some physical activity e.g. performing prayer or pilgrimage etc.
This second type is called a)
È
PGTz
.
Rule of the Day
In order to express amazement (or even regretful amazement), certain phrases are used. They are at the
structure of ' (' ;
6 +' 6 N?;+$ 6 . For example, *? p? '4
$ 6
;? ,$ 1 (How much beautiful the garden is!!!). In the
Quran, )' "5
?$ 1 U& #$ M$
1 ? $,? (How much steadfast they are on the Hellfire!!!),
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(1) “Mu’tazilah” or “Ahl-ul-I’tizaal” was a sect of Middle Ages who different from mainstream in certain
theological issues. Zamakhshari was a enthusiastic advocate of that sect.
Thorough examination 7
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(1) Hadith experts consider the method of transmission while determining the authenticity of a Hadith. If a
student reads that in front of his teacher, it is considered the most reliable method because mistakes in his
reading are removed. If the teachers reads it in front of the student, it is also reliable. If a teacher writes it
to give it to the student, it is also a reliable method. If a teacher hands it over to the student without
reading, it is relatively unreliable because the script was not developed at that time to ensure that the
student has taken it correctly from his teacher. If a teacher gives permission to a student to narrate the
Hadith on his behalf without reading it in front of him, it was considered a relatively unreliable method.
(2) These are some issues related to mistakes in transmission of Hadith e.g. a word is unknown, it has two
meaning, it is read incorrectly, it is a homonymous word, or two narrations having contradictory meaning.
Being strictly forbidden )' Z? 4

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Texts d' &@& They organized it in
chapters

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preferable
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forbidden strictly
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(1) Zahiris reject the legitimacy of performing legal reasoning by finding the ‘reason’ of a directive and
applying it to another situation. They strictly restrict the directive to that particular issue.
(2) Shi’a believe that their religious leaders, who are from the progeny of Caliph A’li 5
:) are
protected by God from any mistake. Therefore, an additional source of Shari’a is added to the Quran &
Sunnah which are the opinions of those leaders.
(3) Khawarij was a sect who revolted against Caliph A’li 5
:) and martyred him. They used to
declare all Muslims other than their sect as ‘infidels’ and allow killing them. Their extremists outfits
vanished over centuries. Some of their moderate factions are still present in Oman & Yemen.
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sources of law
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(1) They were kings of Fatimid Dynasty who were Shi’a by religion. They ruled over Egypt and North
Africa during 297-567H / 909-1171CE. Their kingdom was taken over by Saladin. They were rivalries to
the Abbasid Dynasty of Baghdad due to difference in their religious views. When a Sunni scholar like
Qazi A’bdul Wahhab came to Egypt, they accepted him warmly to damage the reputation of Abbasids.
(2) This is used in an allegorical way.
It returned !$ $ Changing (city) Q

' 'p$@
It ceased to exist x
$ #$ p? /
Followers of Government
(Sunni)
*' $ ,È
To reproach, to
criticize
¦+$/ Government *F ?$!
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rejection
a
'
$#= Shi’a *'
$ '
$#
So they were limited to

&#-
$ @$. Being happy
' $M@'S
It vanished $`$>
They followed him & &j.? So it was sold (used as
a metaphor)
O
1 p? 8? 5$

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< ' #L
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f' '#1 S ' $ .? $ ,Y $3M&'Z3$> ]' )À
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(1) Since Ibn Khuldun is the founder of Sociology, therefore, he describes the sociological reasons of
events in the history. The Muslims of North Africa i.e. Berbers, who established an empire at Spain were
nomads. They had more interaction with the people of Hijaz and they were inclined to them due to a
common factor of Nomadism. That’s why the Maliki School of Though became more popular at Spain
and North Africa. On the contrary, other schools of thought were spread at civilized cities of Egypt, Syria,
Iraq, Central Asia and India.
(2) In the Sunni world, majority of people decided to close the door of “Ijtihaad” i.e. pondering directly
into the Quran and the Sunnah & using intellect to search for guidance. Instead of that, they started the
process of associating new situations to the previous ones and applying the verdict of their leaders about
previous situations to the new ones. This process is called “Tanzeer”.
(3) The strict following of one’s particular school of thought i.e. Taqlid did not remain their attitude in
Fiqh only. It spread across all other religious and secular disciplines. The Muslims remained at the same
state for next 1000 years. Extraordinary achievements of Europe and the decline of the Muslim World has
forced them to reinstate the process of Ijtihaad again.
Its separation $3p' '#8$> Fresh, acceptable S? Nomadism, culture of

villages
]F
M
Doubt ' $M@'`K

Revision, adaptation _
& 'p5$> They experience d? &/$+&
Ability, skill *{ G? ? $ Its civilization $3M&'Z3$> Civilization of cities,
opposite of ]
(
]? )$ $À
'
Firmly established *{ H
$ '
$) Searching examples
from previous edicts
#' 1 q' 5$>

The Regions of the Muslim World in Middle Ages

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O ' /Y
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*F "5s &
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$
<
& ?vH ' 6
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c
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inheritance

' R'
$#8?
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inheritance
x
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& '?G@$
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<
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¦!#$ 8& 5? Its original share 3'
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speech) U' ?8`' The discipline of the
' &F
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$3@&H
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principles of share
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for deriving laws)
' p'8
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? 8? 4
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Face the Challenge! What is the )- of ;+8> += <( with the
source letters d P ? Make the complete tables.
They used to equal d? &#V' $5& Procedures u

' #& F It was determined O
1 5$"+$ >$
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Consensus (of *(4) [
& $,1
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$
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*' ,$ -'
are protected from
Exception mb FZ`$ Similar $ M`z

committing a deliberate
error in the religion
*' $ $,% $ 6

P' ?G
' ' ' :#& `' +
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$ 5&,6
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(1) Logic means deriving unknown facts from the available information by pondering into it in a logical
way. It is done by way of deduction or induction. Example of deduction is that if A = B & B = C, then A =
C. This third statement “A = C” was unknown, but it is derived from the previous two conditions by way
of logical reasoning. Example of induction is that we observe that whatever mammal we see, it has eyes.
By reviewing a sample of mammals, we draw a conclusion that all mammals have eyes. At the time of Ibn
Khuldun, deductive logic was dominant but in the present world, inductive logic is dominant. All
developments of science and technology are dependent upon the inductive logic.
Face the Challenge! Visit a religious seminary (madrassa) nearby and observe their method of teaching
Arabic. Compare their teaching approach with that of this course and identify the pros and cons of both.
Wisdom *' ,G46

Deviants f$ 1 ' #' 4
$ 5& Theology P' ?G
Logic ' v' 5$,6

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$ @$$
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$ $%4
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conditions
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H$ 6
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sensed physically
c
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& v$s
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spirit
c
& "/'$T&#
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elements
*' "#' -
$ 5$+
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Formed *' /$"G? ,& 6
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)
p #' '!?p,$ 6
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Plants c
' $M5$
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it
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position of planets
J2z
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Lesson 7A: Words with Hamzah in their Source Letters 2,3
Dear Reader!
In last lesson, we discussed the different types of
deceased verbs. We shall discuss them one by one. We Make the life easy for the people around
start our discussion with the easiest i.e. 2,3. you e.g. your family, subordinates,
servants. Don’t pressurize them.
Before proceeding further, note the two points:
• All the O #T are related to specific movements.
is associated with fathah, is associated with
dhammah and is associated with kasrah. The reason of this association is that Arabs feel it easy to
speak these words with such movements. When a hamzah comes with fathah, it is written as , when it
comes with a dhammah, it is written as , and if it comes with a kasrah, it is written as ¡.
• Changes in a verb or its derived noun may be mandatory or optional. A mandatory change means that all
Arab belonging to different areas and tribes accept the change whereas an optional change means that all
Arab do not accept that change. Some Arabs accept it while others reject it.
In case of 2,3, the rule related to mandatory change of word is as follows:

• There is only one rule for a mandatory change. If two hamzahs are combined simultaneously in a word,
the second hamzah will be changed according to the movement of first hamzah. For example:
• In case of source letters d P 0, first word of P+ : of += <( will be f$ $ 0g on the
structure of ;
? +$ . Now two hamzahs are combined. We will change the second hamzah according to
the movement of first hamzah which has a fathah. So the second hamzah will be changed to
and
the word will become f
$ $
or f$ $ .
• For the same source letters, the )- will be db $0= at the structure of b $+=. We shall change the
second hamzah according to the movement of first hamzah which has a kasrah. So the second
hamzah will be changed to and the word will become d
b $,1=.
• For the same source letters, first word of &39 : of += <( will be f$ ' 0g F on the structure
of ;
? +' F. We shall change the second hamzah according to the movement of first hamzah which has a
dhammah. So the second hamzah will be changed to and the word will become f
$ ' F.
• We can describe these changes in the form of a formula to memorize them:
1 F 0g F N
1 = 0g = N
0g ? •

In case of 2,3, the rules related to optional change of a word are as follows:
• If before a silent hamzah, there is a letter other than hamzah, then that silent hamzah can be converted
into
according to the movement of letter before it. For example:
fX ' 1 & fX ' & •

X
$)
X $) •
Q
X 'm Q
X R'm •
• If a hamzah has fathah and the letter before it has dhammah or kasrah (not fathah), that hamzah can be
changed to according to the movement of letter before it. For example:

¦& U&
¦& U& •
Rule of the Day!
In order to express grief or regret word ; (Alas!) is used

¦8F YF
¦8F YF •
for it e.g. i
$ ,' '?V
"5YF "/=' $5? 1$ $ (Alas! We were offenders.) For e*$' e*?' •
regret, the word ]#sT is used e.g. !' $M+' 6
? $ ]D #$ s
1 T$ $ (Regret
on the slaves!)
e*$' e*?' •
$' ?' •
• If there is a silent or before a hamzah which has any movement, that hamzah can be changed to
or and then merged in it. For example:
eM'/$ X 1 M'/$ 0e 1 M'/$ •

e#F. X 1 #& .F 0e 1 #& .F •
At the time of revelation of the Quran, some tribes were following the above optional rules and some ones
were not following the rules. As a result of that, a difference might had occurred in pronunciation while
reciting the Quran, if two reciters belonged to different tribes. The Quran was revealed in the language of
Quraish which was the tribe of Makkah and initial audience of the Quran. Therefore, the standard
pronunciation is that of Quraish.
In modern world, the majority of Muslims recite the Quran according to the pronunciation of Quraish. In
some African countries, people recite the Quran according to the pronunciation of other tribes. It has no
impact on the meaning. There is no rule to identify the words on which Quraish used to apply or did not use
to apply the above mentioned rules. We can learn it by listening the expert reciters.
In above examples, we have mentioned the standard Quraishi pronunciation in blue color. We have provided
you these changes to identify the differences in pronunciation in language of different tribes. Since these
optional changes are not important in understanding the Quran, therefore, we are ignoring them and focusing
on the mandatory change.

Look at the following example. We have made only the mandatory changes which are in red color.
(d P 0 ]!) \
X L'
$
X #$
+@= <( += <( !#9
d$,@= d6 $,>'0
db $,1= db $0= fX 1 )-
f$ ,$ @$= f$ ,$ >$0
f$ $ f$ $ 0g f$ ' P+ :
f$ ,' >&1
F f$ ,' >&0F
f$ ' 1
F f$ ' 0g
F f$ ' F 39 :
f& ,$ >$} f& ' & f& & }$ P+ [)
f& ,$ >$& f& $ & f& $ & 39 [)
f1 ,' @$'
f1 ,' >$0'
f1 ' f1 ' 0 f1 ,$ 1
' f1 ,$ R6
' P+ #:T #
f1 ,$ >$}' f1 ' &' f1 $ }$' P+ QRS #
f1 ,$ >$&' f1 $ &' f1 $ &' 39 #
fX ,' >$& fX ' & fX ' ;
fX ,$ >$& fX $ & db &}$ +8
Note the following points:

• Mandatory changes in 2,3 are applicable only in +@
<( N+= <( N!#9 . The reason is that
two hamzahs combine only in them.
• Mandatory changes are usually applicable in P+ #:T # N39 : NP+ : N)-. The
reason is that two hamzahs combine only in them.
• Optional changes are possible in 1
N; 1
N39 # NP+ QRS # N39 [) NP+ [)
+8. Since these changes are not essential to understand the Quran, therefore, we have ignored them.

Look at the following example. Specific changes under the rules of 2,3 are shown in red color while other
changes are depicted in blue color.
!#9 | (d P 0 ]!) \MY

X #$
(To be safe and secure) fX 1 )-
N$,@&51 ' N'O51 ' N1@&51 ' N$,@&51 ' N$O51 ' N"f' N$@5$' N1O5$' N
&5' N5' N$f'
P+ : ;+
"5' N&O51 ' N"f@&51 '
N$,@&51 '
F N'O51 '
F N1@&51 '
F N$,@&51 '
F N$O51 '
F N"f'
F N$@5$'
F N1O5$'
F N
&5'
F N5'
F N$f'
F
39 : ;+
"5'
F N&O51 '
F N"f@&51 '
F
N$i5'$ }6 >$ N?d&5$ }6 >$ N'd$5$ }6 >$ N&f$ }6 >$ N"f$ }6 $ N' d$5$ }6 >$ N&f$ }6 >$ N?d&5$ }6 $ N' d$5$ }6 $ N&f$ }6 $
P+ [) ;+
f& $ 6 /$ Nf& $ N"f$ }6 >$ N' d$5$ }6 >$
N?d&5$ &> N'd$5$ &> N&f$ &> N"f$ & N'd$5$ &> N&f$ &> N?d&5$ & N'd$5$ & Nyf& $ &
39 [) ;+
f& $ &/ Nf& $ 1 F N"f$ &> N'd$5$ &> N$i5'$ &>
"f,$ 1= N$5,$ 1= N'5,$ 1 = N
&5,$ 1= N$5,$ 1= N1f,$ 1= P+ #:T #
f1 $ }6 5$' Nf1 $ ¥' N"f& }6 $' N$5$ }6 @$' N1f$ }6 @$' N
&5$ }6 $' N$5$ }6 $' N1f& }6 $' P+ QRS #
N
&5$ &@' N$5$ &@' N1f$ &@' N"f$ &' N$5$ &@' N1f$ &@' N
&5$ &' N$5$ &' N1f$ &'
39 # ;+
f1 $ &5' Nf1 $ 1 F' N"f$ &@' N$5$ &@' N'5$ &@'
c
X $5' N'd$@5$' Ne*$5' N?d&5' N'd$5' NXf' ; 1
c
X $/&}$ N'd$@/$&}$ Ne*$/&}$ N?d&/&}$ N?d$/&}$ Nbd&}$ +8 1

+= <( | (d P 0 ]!) \MY

X #$
(To believe) db $,1= )-
N'O51 $ N1@&51 $ N$,@&51 $ N$O51 $ N"f$ N$@5$$ N1O5$$ N
&5$ N5$ N$f$
P+ : ;+
"5$ N&O51 $ N"f@&51 $ N$,@&51 $
N1@&51 ' F N$,@&51 ' F N$O51 ' F N"f' F N$@5$' F N1O5$' F N
&5' F N5'F N$f' F
39 : ;+
"5' F N&O51 ' F N"f@&51 ' F N$,@&51 ' F N'O51 'F
N?d&5' &> N'd$5' &> N&f' &> N"f' & N'd$5' &> N&f' &> N?d&5' & N'd$5' & N&f' &
P+ [) ;+
f& ' &/ Nf& ' 1
F N"f' &> N'd$5' &> N$i5'' &>
N?d&5$ &> N'd$5$ &> N&f$ &> N"f$ & N'd$5$ &> N&f$ &> N?d&5$ & N'd$5$ & N&f$ &
39 [) ;+
f&y $ &/ Nf& $ 1
F N"f$ &> N'd$5$ &> N$i5'$ &>
"f' N$5' N'5' N
&5' N$5' N1f' P+ #:T #
f1 ' &5' Nf1 ' 1 KF NN"f' &' N$5' &@' N1f' &@' N
&5' &' N$5' &' N1f' &' P+ QRS #
N
&5$ &@' N$5$ &@' N1f$ &@' N"f$ &' N$5$ &@' N1f$ &@' N
&5$ &' N$5$ &' N1f$ &'
39 # ;+
f&y $ &5' Nf& $ 1 KF N"f$ &@' N$5$ &@' N'5$ &@'
c
X 5$' & N'd$@5$' & Nb*5$' & N?d&5' & N'd$5' & NXf' & ; 1
c
X 5$$ & N'd$@5$$ & Nb*5$$ & N?d&5$ & N'd$5$ & NXf$ & +8 1

+@= <( | (d P 0 ]!) \MY

X #$
(To trust, to have confidence) db $,@'= )-
N1@&51 ,$ @$
N$,@&51 ,$ @$
N$O51 ,$ @$
N"f,$ @$
N$@5$,$ @$
N1O5$,$ @$
N
&5,$ @$
N$5,$ @$
N$f,$ @$
P+ : ;+

"5,$ @$
N&O51 ,$ @$
N"f@&51 ,$ @$
N$,@&51 ,$ @$
N'O51 ,$ @$
N$,@&51 ,' >&1

F N$O51 ,' >&1
F N"f,' >&1
F N$@5$,' >&1
F N1O5$,' >&1
F N
&5,' >&1
F N$5,' >&1 F
N$f,' >&1
F
39 : ;+
"5,' >&1
F N&O51 ,' >&1
F N"f@&51 ,' >&1
F N$,@&51 ,' >&1
F N'O51 ,' >&1
F N1@&51 ,' >&1
F
N?d&5,' >$}$> N'd$5,' >$}$> N&f,' >$}$> N"f,' >$}$ N'd$5,' >$}$> N&f,' >$}$> N?d&5,' >$}$ N'd$5,' >$}$ N&f,' >$}$
P+ [) ;+
f& ,' >$}$/ Nf& ,' >$ N"f,' >$}$> N'd$5,' >$}$> N$i5',' >$}$>
N'd$5,$ >$&> N&f,$ >$&> N"f,$ >$& N'd$5,$ >$&> N&f,$ >$&> N?d&5,$ >$& N'd$5,$ >$& N&f,$ >$&
39 [) ;+
f& ,$ >$&/ Nf& ,$ >$1
F N"f,$ >$&> N'd$5,$ >$&> N$i5',$ >$&> N?d&5,$ >$&>
"f,' @$
N$5,' @$
N'5,' @$
N
&5,' @$
N$5,' @$
N1f,' @$
P+ #:T #
f1 ,' >$}$5' Nf1 ,' >$ N"f,' >$}$' N$5,' >$}$@' N1f,' >$}$@' N
&5,' >$}$' N$5,' >$}$' N1f,' >$}$' P+ QRS #
N$5,$ >$&@' N1f,$ >$&@' N"f,$ >$&' N$5,$ >$&@' N1f,$ >$&@' N
&5,$ >$&' N$5,$ >$&' N1f,$ >$&'
39 # ;+
f1 ,$ >$&5' Nf1 ,$ >$1 KF N"f,$ >$&@' N$5,$ >$&@' N'5,$ >$&@' N
&5,$ >$&@'
c
X $5,' >$& Nd' $5,' >$& N$i5',' >$& N?d&5,' >$& N{d$5,' >$& NXf,' >$& ; 1
c
X $5,$ >$& Nd' $5,$ >$& N$i5',$ >$& N?d&5,$ >$& N{d$5,$ >$& NXf,$ >$& +8 1

There are certain additional rules about the 2,3.
• If a set of source letters has a hamzah and its [) is at the structure of ;
F +& 8$ , its P+ #:T # is
used at the structure of ;6 & . For example ZF E& }$ Z? E$ (to catch or to take) become Z6 E& (Take!). Similarly
;F YF }$ ;? Y? (to eat) become ;6 YF (Eat!) and #& & }$ #$ $ (to instruct) become #1 & (Instruct!). Actually the change
is as follows:
;6 YF ;6 YF 0F
;F YF }$> | #1 & #1 & 0F
#& & }$> | Z6 E& Z6 E& 0F
ZF E& }$> •
• In the set of source letters m ^ , when used in +@
<(, the hamzah merges with the c of <(
+@=. See the following detail:
N?ZH
$ ">
Z? H
$ @$
Z? H
$ >$0
Nem$H®>'
m$H@'
em$H>'0
•
Z'H"@$ Z'H>$}$ Z'H>$0g
$ •
• The rules of 2,3 are usually applicable when the first source letter i.e. *,Y is a hamzah.
Exceptionally, for the source letters , the [) is used as F }s$ but it is sometimes written as
;F ?s$. It does not makes any difference. Its P+ #:T # is used at the structure of ;6 ?1 = as well as
;6 $ .
• We have learnt that the hamzah is converted into
due to the movement as its previous letter. If a
word like Ë or or is used before them, it converts back to its original form. For example:
d6 m' }? d6 Z'

d6 m' 0
| #1 ,' >$$ #1 ,' @$
#1 ,' >$0
•
#1 & }? #1 & #1 & 0F
•
Don’t worry! You need not to memorize all these rules. Only a few limited words are used in the Quran.

See the following example:
() P 0 ]!) \
X L'
$
X #$
+@= <( += <( !#9
)X $,@'1
= )X $,>'0
)X $,1= = )X $0g = #X 1 )-
#$ ,$ @$1
' = #$ ,$ >$0'
#$ $ = #$ $ 0g #$ $ P+ :
#$ ,' >&1
F = #$ ,' >&0g
F #$ ' 1 F = #$ ' 0g F #$ '
F 39 :
#& ,$ >$} #& ' & #& & }$ P+ [)
#& ,$ >$& #& $ & #& $ & 39 [)
#1 ,' @$1
= #1 ,' >$0g
' #1 ' = #1 ' 0g ? #1 & = #1 ,& R6
F P+ #:T #
#1 ,' >$}' #1 ' &' #1 & }$' P+ QRS #
#1 ,$ >$&' #1 $ &' #1 $ &' 39 #
#X ,' >$1 & #X ' 1 & #X ' ;
#X ,$ >$1 & #X $ 1 & )X &}$ +8
Rule of the Day! The word

m= is used in two different meanings: (1) To describe a condition, it gives
the sense of “if, when”. (2) To express amazement or surprise, it gives the sense of “Ooh!, Wow!”.
For example, it is used as a condition in the following: dF FG$? f1 YF & ? F Fp$ $,"/'?
D#1? $.?
?m=' (If He
decides a matter, He says to it only, “Be” and it happens.), d
? &+'
$) ' 1 ?=' "/='$ ' j' "/='
F?. *b M$'-& 1 3& @1 ($$?
?m='
(When an affliction harms them, they say: “We are for Allah and to Him we will return”).
It is used to express amazement in the following: i
X M'& db $M+1 F $ U'
?m'? & $-$ ?p6}?? (He threw his stick.
Wow! It became a clear snake), f $ '#V' "5' 0 $1 ($ $ U'
?m'? & $ $ [ $ $ /$$ (He pulled out his hand. Ooh! It
became white for the viewers.), )& $-(1 ? *b -
$ E' $` $ U'
?m'? A4 $ 6
& 1 $ 6
< $ #$ @$.6
y (The true promise came near.
Ooh! It is fixing the eyes [in horror]).

Test Yourself (1)

Translate the Arabic sentences into English. The meaning of )- and necessary vocabulary are provided
below. You have to describe the change process of words mentioned in red color.
Meaning Word Meaning Word
To eat ;F YF }$ ;? Y? To make, adopt, catch em$H~>=

To come later #& E' }$ #$ E$ To take, to catch ZF E& }$ Z? E$
To delay )X $H'@= To blame, to examine
critically
e]?ZE$
&
To form, to develop love
X '}$> To believe, to have
faith in
db $,1=
To develop love
X ? = To protect f& $ }$ f$ '
To read 0 #$ p$ 0y #$ .? To allow, to know dF m? }$ d? m'
To ask to read, to teach how
to read
0e
$#.= To seek permission db
Z'@1 =
To ask F }s$ | ;F ?s$ ;? ?$ To announce, to call
for prayer
fX 'm}$>
To burry alive !& 0y & !$ $ To instruct, to advise ,
to request
#& & }$ #$ $
Face the Challenge! Identify the source letters of all the words mentioned above and make the first
word of each tense of .
Do you know? Pre-Islamic Arabs were surrounded by two super powers of the time: The Sasanid
Empire of Persia and the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Both of them were extremely rich. Arabs
used to attack the fringes of these empires for looting. Both of these empires established buffer states
between their mainland and Arabia in order to prevent themselves. The buffer state with Persia was
called “Heera ]\T”. It was situated in Southern Iraq. The buffer state with Rome was called “Ghassan
dsS”. It was situated in the area of present-day North Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Southern Syria. Arab
poets used to get patronage of the rulers of both of these states. There are a large number of Arabian
poems in praise of their kings, their palaces and beautiful locations.

Change English '(#

ZF H
' "@> Z'H>$$> Z'H>$}$> Do you make us a fool?
D&U& $/ZF H
' "@>$ ?
You are not ____ of it. ' 'ZE' ¥(' 1 @&s
1 ?
A compensation will not _____. b 1 $ $351 ' ZF E$ 1 & K
____ me and my mother two d' &! f1 ' f' 1 3$ ?=' ~F$ '/FZH
' ">
gods besides Allah. ' j
So if they return, then ____

them.
& ?
1j$ >$ d6 '?
1 U& FZH
Then _____ the calf. ;? %
1 +' 6
1 >&Z6 H
$ ">
"F
(The women) not _____ of
illicit secret sexual relations.
d{
$E1 ? c
'
?ZH
' "@& K
____ what We gave you with
strength.
]{ "pF (' 1 YF $51 >$ $
FZE&
____ the share from Your
slaves.
DM'-/$ $ !' $M' f1 ' jdZ? H
' ">zy
____ their guard and their
weapons.
1 3& @$4
$ ' 1 ?$ 1 U& )$ Z6 T'
FZE& }6 $6$
____ a worship place at the
standing place of Abraham.
ã-
$ & $ 'U
$#(1=' P' ?p$ f1 '
FZH
' ">
So the thunder _____ them *F p? ' "-

1 3& >1Z? E$ }??
Allah will not _____ you for ' ' L1 j'( & j
1 YF ZF E'
$& K
your unintentional oaths. 1 GF /'$,1?
So ____ four birds. #' 1 jv
f1 ' *D +$ ($)1 ? Z6 H
& ?
Worth Reading
The Treasure’s Map. Search for the real treasure.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0005-Treasure.htm

Change English '(#

____ in Allah and they day
_____
#' E'
P' 1 $6'($ ' j'( "5$
So _____ from you for coming
out.
J
' &#H
& 6 ' $ &/m? }6 @$1 ?
Do _____ people for piety? $ "5
d? &#& }6 >$ ?
~#M'6'(
And I will definitely deviate
them and I will definitely create
in them false desires and
1 3& "/#$ & $ 1 3& "5$~5$ z$ 1 3& "5j:
' z$
______ them …..
____ as people _____.

& "5
f$ $ $,Y?
&5'
____ from the pure things. c
' $M~? f1 '
FYF
We already knew the _____. 1 ,& 6
$5,1 ' $ 1 p? ?
f$ '#E' }6 @$s
And _____ your nation.
$ $ 1 .? #1 & 6$
So _____ for a war with Allah. ' j
f1 ' <
{ #1 4
$ ('
&/m? }6 ?
And ____ your family for the
prayer.
]' "-'(
$ ? U1 ? #1 & 6$
______ d? &#E' }6 @$s
1 $ K
So _____ _____ in them. 1 3& 5$1 ($ db km$ & d? jm}??
O Lord! Make this city _____. D5'
D?($
?ZU$ ;6 +$ 1
~<)$
In the ____ good. *D 5$s
$ T$ ]' #$ E'
'
Worth Reading
What is backbiting? What is its impact on a society? Read in detail:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0003-Backbiting.htm

Change English '(#

So ____ in your hearts. 1 GF ('F.F f$ 1 ($
$ j}??
So _____ as those who were f$ 'Zj
d? m? }6 @$1
$,Y?
&/m' }6 @$s1 $6 ?
before them _____. 1 3' ' M1 .? f1 '
And ____, We have revealed it
in parts so that ____ it in front
' "5
?$ & ?#$ p6 @$' & $5.6 #$ ? D/ #1 .F $
of these people.
Soon _____, so you will not
forget.
$ RF#' p6 5&$
$s5$> ?
Who says, “____ to me.” ' d6 Z? R6
F Fp$ f1 $
____ in Quraish, _____ of them *? ? T1 )' 1 3' ' '= N{©1#$ .F
' '

' 1 "-
$ 0' $@~r
to travel in the winter and the

summer.
The Quran _____ in front of

them.
dF #1 pF 6
1 3' 1 ? $ ¡
$ #' .F
And when _____ _____. 1 ? '& ]F !$ 01 ,$ 6

?m='$
O
____ you, “What to spend in
Allah’s way?”
d? Fp8' 5&
?m$
$ /$F}?s
1 $
Till a book is revealed on us,
which _____.
& #$ p6 /$ D($@Y' $51 ? $ ? ~5$>& "@T$
_____ people like beggars. D$46='
$ "5
d? F}?s
1 $ K
Rule of the Day!

If the group under discussion includes masculine and feminine nouns, the
words for masculine are used to indicate both of them e.g. '>$5($ R$5(
d? &)& 1 $
(My sons and daughters study), dM#?. *F $ )$ ?
& %s
(The
mosque and school are nearby) etc. In Arabic, the “Mosque” is
considered masculine while the “School” is considered feminine but
both of them are described by dM#?. rather than d@M#?..

Test Yourself (2)

Learn the vocabulary for sets of source letters in !#9 provided in Test 1 and make the
\MY \L # for these words in the format of this table. The answer will not be provided.
<( | (d P 0 ]!) \MY

X #$
)-
P+ : ;+
39 : ;+
P+ [) ;+
39 [) ;+
P+ #:T #
P+ QRS #
39 # ;+
; 1
+8 1
Rule of the Day! The word @T is used in two different meanings: (1) To give the sense of “Until,
unless”. (2) To give the sense of “So that, in order to”.
For example: ]D #$ 31
$ $ j
$#/$ "@T$ $ ? f$ ' 1 /& f1 ? (We’ll not believe in you until we see Allah clearly),
FYF $
#' %
1 8? 6
f1 ' !' $ 1 zy
µ
' 1 H$ 6
f1 '
& $(1zy
µF 1 H
$ 6
1 FG? f$ "M$@$$ "@T$
&(#$ `1
$ (Eat & drink until the white thread
becomes distinguished for you from the black threat at dawn.)
It is used to express amazement in the following: d? #Fp
& 3$ @T$ *? '(#+6
*? L$ F
&)& !1 (I am learning
Arabic language in order to understand the Quran).


Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study the biographies of
some companions of the Holy Prophet who were Consider all human beings as your brothers &
considered scholars among themselves. sisters despite of your differences.
5
:) a
'
"#%
$ 6
f' ( ]? $ $M& (
(
)
) ,¾ “]M ( *z
ZU i i * ;G”
i& +
a& >1#>$ :f1:
$ )' +
*8'8E N'*$ ?p6
? ;? N's 1% ' 6
;? '4/$ N'*+6jv
"3' ($ N'1
0y ':$ dY
N&:
$"@
"$ N'*$`' À
$ .) m ¼'= dY .!&
8
'= Af',v N&$p6 F ' w & 86 "5
w
& /$}$>$ N& #$,'
;? -
1 /$ 'Mr
1 & 3 .D'! F 1 j
& /}?Y &L1 $ A%
' 6
"$ $ #& 1 z
< $ $ T$
m'= dY "5G N'0À
$ `
.0| $$ $ ]D "T' 'G4
1 $ $ N|03$($ Dp$/1 )$ 1"s
& @$+$ /$ .]? $ 1 M$& ¯}( "5G? F

NA`#Fp
A#3'8
a
'
"#È
?
f' ( ' ¨
' M f& ( #& ' N{",4
$ & *' " i
& U 1 GF 'm
ND.E 3&5s $ T1 $ NDU ' "5
_
& M$
1 ©#. f * :p ,35 ¨
$ :) #$ , f& (
& M
f( dF ,6& $ N&-
#{ G6 ($ ( :&(kZG? & 1 ? 1 3& @$6"T$ d6 = N$&(Z' G6 $ 1 ? $ F"T$ d6 = 0| T 3&@M$$
.a
#È
f& ( ]? $ 1 M$& ($ d? j8$
By nature D'! You will like w

& /$}$> An honest person fX 1 '
Blade of a sword of dagger ;? -
1 /$ For meeting him & $p6 F ' Enlightened 0y ':$
Beauty, handsomeness 0| 3$( Having a good nature, $ .) Handsome "3' ($
Acuteness ]D "T' friendly, mild *' $`' À
Appearance *' +6jv
Sharpness 0| $$ It afflicted <

$ $ T$ Thin ;? '4/$
He described his
personality
& @$+$ /$ He was serious A%
' 6
"$ Stature, height *' $ ?p6
Having the most handsome

face
_
& M$
1 He becomes &L1 $ You will be pleased a
& >1#>$
The most firm 3&@M$ Lion
F 1 j
For his view & #$,'


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One who suffered '/ The earliest converts to
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at its beginning
f$ 1 "z
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#$: They announced
5?1
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1 ' Bases, plural of . $ '
p
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limits
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& #1
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& "#4
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1. The father of Abu U’baidah was one of the extreme enemies of Islam. He was killed in the battle which was a specific God’s
punishment for the people of Makkah. All chiefs of Quraish were killed in that battle according to the prophecy of the Prophet

.
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1 ? $ His head $@$ U He insisted ²?
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Their family 1 3& >$\

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$ '$s$
Group <
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$ >& Filled with
D T
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$ :
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It was aspired by O
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D#1' He turns Q
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as a Judge)

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1jp$@ I stretched myself F ?v>
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teeth
*$' $()$ He was overcome P$ ' U&
So he took a bite "+$ ? It was hurt "²`& He started $ 8' ?
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& R'$
Biting D$ It penetrated c$)S Inform me É!&
Person without front teeth D,$@U$ His cheek ' @'5$1 $ They encircled
T
I give you an oath of
allegiance

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&!FZ$'
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So he led us in the prayer $5"}? He plucked both of
them out
,&3+$ ? @$.6
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$ ')


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Rule of the Day! When the is used while calling someone, it is often deleted and the $!$5& comes in six
forms: "()$ N "()$ N$~()$ N"<)$ N~<)$ N~()$ (O my Lord!).
I determine to, I fix P& ' 1 Asia Minor (present

day Turkey)
$#L1 A-
' He was given the
oath of allegiance
$ '&(
You mount to start traveling Q
$ Y#> Plague d Well-wisher,
advisor
_-/
He wants to retain $ p' M1 @$s
1 $ It kills & -
& 4
1 $ Reliable helper d{
$+1 '
One who remains u
{ ( He directed towards $ "$ He was submitted
to him
d?
$!
Allow me! '56 kT$ Message, letter *{ ) He did not disobey
him
' -
' +1 $ 1 ?
Remaining 0' p$M
It appeared c
1 $ ($ He leads !& Fp$


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Do you know?
For trading purpose, Arabs especially the Quraish were connected with the other
civilized nations of that time e.g. Yemen, Persia, Abyssinia and Rome. They took
a lot of Non-Arabic words and molded them according to their own
pronunciation.
He drew his attention O

$ 8? @$6
Perform U’mrah!
#',@$1
His weeping 'RG(
It came out O
1 :
$ ? Don’t cheat them! 1 U& ArL& >$ K He advised (at death
time)
$1
His spirit & T& &) It does not kill you & GF 3' 6 >& K Army $ 51 &
You are afflicted 1 @&+1 %
' F His is given age #$ ~,& You accept it U&,@&6 M'.?
The most pious "#($ Year { 1 T$ You’ll definitely remain
(you’ll never lose)

> f1 ?
An evil hidden in human mind *D ? R'S My death $#-
1 $ Perform Hajj!
A%T&


5
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P& L
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He shook hand with O

1 4
$ ? Charming *' $ 1 )$ It shined O
1 .? #$ `1
Group µ1U"#
Handsome ¦,'s.? Young boy, slave P& L
So that they become

successful

$+s
1 $' Handsome ¦,~$ From Yathrib (Madina) A¯#' 6 $
So that they draw lines

vH
& $' Black-eyed ;? 4
$ Y6 Young boy ¦@
The most beautiful [
$ $ )1 Curling $ +1 $ Teenager D+'
The most proud UU12 Shining u
"#($ His age-fellows ' ('
$#>
He formed d? "Y? One who looks at him $@9 Intelligence 0' YjZ
His contemporary fellows & >$

$? It extended c"@
Eloquence *' :
$ )' +


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&
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.)
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Do you know? It was a special mission of the Prophet to completely abolish idol-worshipping in the
Arabian Peninsula. The Quran urged the Muslims not to treat the sacred items of other religions in a
disrespectful manner. That’s why the Muslims are not allowed to contempt the religious symbols of
Magus, Hindus, Buddhists and all other religions outside the Arabian Peninsula.
Woe on you! 1 GF ? 1$ Perfume Qkv

Chiefs, plural of c
'
!
He returned it $! Part of night _15& Idol (for worshipping) D,$5
$
A goddess of Arabia ]F 5 A hole, excavation ]{ #$ 86 T& Nice w
' '8/
I’ll definitely humiliate him &@$E1 z Filth )
Z.z
Wood Q
' r
$H
$ 6
He drew ;? js
$ >$ He found missing $ p? @$
He is given title of $5+1 &
Threat, warning
He searched
? 4$( He made it exalted & F k%
$ &
It happened again )"#G> He fount it & 86 Silk #' '#4
$ 6
He hanged it & p? j$ Facing down DMG' & He paints & perfumes it & H
& ~,
$ &


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*' $+/ ZF 51 & & '
c
&

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Middle-aged { $3Y Well #{ '( So get rid of! 1 ? !1 ?

Young man <
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No wonder! $ #1 S? K Shadow k;q
They tied it v()
He was trained $ ()& He learnt jp? >$ With neck ' 5&+& ('
Softness (i.e. young age) *' $ +/ Laws, plural of *+#` $ R
#` Dog Q
X 6 Y?
He drank ;? 3' /$ Pearl FF Thrown ¦ p6&
Springs, plural of [M5 (5 I came O
& 1 >$? Joining D/#p
Abundant ]#L
Study circle *b p? 6 T$ Inverted, down-faced DsjG5$&


5 ? p d ]D !$ 3` m{ + Q

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f' ! ' ;&E1 >$ ©1#$ .F [ $ ,& $#$ P& "s
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& 3& ,& k+$ & \ { MY k+$ & ¼= !' & È F
i$ ,1s
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' 1 3& 3$ kp8 d?
$#p
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f' !
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r,$ $ 8' ? .ZU )5

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“.#1M.? %1s,$ ('
He says: “Good-bye forever” [

& ~! Gathering [
$ ,& Its place of drinking
from a spring
35'+$
He started $ 8' ? New !' & È
F
Original ;z
He walks r,$ He educates them &33& kp8? & Student, disciple Z{ ,6>'
Mounting animal *' ? T'
) He deputized, he
appointed
<
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Extent, amount Q
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1 T$
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36
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She disseminated O` Govt. Grants, plural of *v 3'>?v1 Sorrowfully D$$
She complained O
1 G? @$`1
He distributes [
$ ~2$ & Prophecy ]F 0y &M/&
I put a reason )& Z' @$1 The material placed under
saddle of an animal
w
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colored (comforted)
O
1 ? 4
$ @Y
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$ )$
They filled
&? $ Administrator, governor ]F K&
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Cities, plural of *5 f$ R'
$,$ 6
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X .$) It became empty c
1 #$ 8? .6
So help me ~5' He counts -14& Love w
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m+ :U .Ps

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J
1 #&H$6$ 3' 1 YF $ T$
8k$H? £3'U1
( Q$ U$ m? N'O' "-
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( &U#$ $ å *F
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DMT1#$ ” :' r
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ZU !& ~!#$ & ;? +$ $ *? ? M1 p'
;? M$p6 @$1
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36
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f
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.M '
D#3 N
¼= D'
! \r+
Thirst, strong desire }$,V? A song, hymn ' 'r5$

(You all!) Help me! É&/$+@$1
Migrations, plural of ]#%U #$ '

à
Welcome! DMT1#$ So you choose by lot
'#@$.6
Suffering ]' $ ($G Visitor #X R'
2 I appoint O
& (1$ @$/1
Competition (in doing good) *$,T$

$ Absence <'S Start!
$('
Study circles, Plural of *pT $ ? T' He reached $ ? $ Leave behind!

8kE$
Remembering God #YZ
Planting, growing
' #1 S He kept (singing) !& ~!#$ &


5
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& M
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f
D+( *? jG < ' +'` ' a & #$ s
1 $ dY N$F 4 & 6
2' ' %& ? DS Z{ dY
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dY .µ { $+& ¯ f& ( *F M$p6 & U ©#. c '
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$,@$%&,6
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m'= jK=' 3'( !& + K "F )' G&M
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Z? E . N{+$(
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' Z' U f 5 Q 1 ' 1T
N&PS :K. ,j$ N 8. , .u & À

:P& L
p .5?.#& ; M&/$

Throat, plural of T u
& À
It was his habit <! Age of puberty $ F 4
& 6
Milk! (an animal) Q

1 ' T1
Early morning )' G&M
He goes out a
& #$ s
1 $
Sheep, plural of ]` ' ~r
Two middle aged people f' 1 ? 31 Y? Ways in the mountains,
plural of Q+` <
' +'`
We quench ÕF 8' v6 /& Staidness, dignity )& ?.$ 6
He observed it grazing U#
They became extremely tired Z{ E$ }$ j;YF ,&351 ' & 31 %
& 6
Z? E They call him $/!5&
We give water ; M&/$ Thirst }$,jq
He does not care it $(} K
Our veins 5?.#& It became dry O
1 j8$ His age ' ~5'
His two lips & 8r
Society $,@$%&


$,3' $3
$($ N&?1 .? d' &"#
#' G' 51 & “.fX ,$>& 3 / NÇ O 1 s$ 1 ? & 5$L$ 6 NF;+$ K”
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f D"% $ &
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ZU f' Å1,k$ :' )$ M
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2
.j+$ & PS "/= :Ç p .$@. Z
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;F & "#
f1 GF $ 1 ? m= ...P' 1
!{ +s f' ( ' ¨
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( ' ZU O/Y
P'
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c
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P& L
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' #1 8? ' *? jG$ <
' +'` ¼=
& $ 1 T$ $ & @$/$$
$#M$Y P' &L( &MT F #
Q% p ,3'( $ j+$ >$ N&M$T' t$ #G
? #
.#$ 1 Á
' $,"$ >$$
Student j+$ & Amazement *{ r

$ U1 !$ Trustworthy fX ,$>&
Both came out
#?8/$ It swelled
$ 8? @$/1
He did not discourage #' G' 51 & Î
Due to having too much
(suffering)

' #1 8? ' It oozed out & 'M$51 $ The faces of both of
them
$,3' $3
They fatigued both of them $,3& @1 p? U$ ) Too much
D#? Inform me '5j!&
Trouble, affliction 0{ $( Abundant
D#S It does not ooze out & 51 $ ?
Both admired
$#M$Y Hollow D"%
$ & Child ;b 4
1 ?
His taking care & $ 1 T$ Both quenched their
thirst
$51$ >$)1
He held it $3? p? @$1
Both saw a lot of

good in him
#$ 1 Á
' $,"$ >$ Shrink! Reduce!
1 M'p? /1
' Its udder (milking
gland)
$3$ #1 :
$


+$:$ ? N$' H '

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$ #$ $ !{ +s f& ( '
& M $ @T ;. \ &S ' ,$ ?
f& ( '
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P& L
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P'
m ZF 51 & .' @'$ 1 E' ' ' ¨
c
F #
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*) f {!+s
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#& d?G NMT- k;kq
*? $ 2$ ? & ' ¨
c&

N$J#Á
!$
)
m'= ' 1 ? +1 /$ & s & M'6 & N?;s $ @$S6

m'= & #& @&s
1 $$ NP/
m'= Fq.' dY m6 = ...$)E
m= 1$ $ f$ 1 ($ ]? #$ %
14& 6
²& ' $$ N?Y
$' $ - ;F ,' 4$ N'E( "U$
m= 1$ $ .? f ,&3+& ? H 1 $
Ny0` $@$ ' EA( d? m' P& "s
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? #
jd= ;6 ( .c ' #$ %
1 T& ¼'= $?
.
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' S f ' #' .

;Y ' & +$($>$ N'R$,r
$ (' $ jH
$ >$$ ' '1 3$ (' $@$U1 N'
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& M $ ~()&
D1U$
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<& #. & "/= :5 ;. @T '-'E f *{ ? - 1 E$
*' (4"-
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c &
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*' $ )$ 1 $ ' !{ +s f& (
$ j+$ >$$ .@1,$ $
Z
;' & "#
m *GT f1 ' m j!$ K . '
[ ' #1 r'( 1 3' ,' ? /+ 1 3' 3' p? N'd #$ p
: p N*?#$ +$ (' '.
U < ' vÁ
f' ( #$ ,$ & ;? M$.6
He commits a sin & ?}> His both shoes ' 1 ? +1 /$ It did not pass
' ,$ ?
He was trained $ ~()& He removes & ? H
1 $ He moved ;? p? @$/1
He molded $ jH
$ >$ His stick - Lucky, fortunate á
F Fq4
1 ?
By guidance & appearance

D1U$ His toothbrush (a fresh ' kT' '
(means he molded him to his
?Y
$' At all times (in his
@1,$ $ ' '$T#1 >$$
branch of a tree is used
habits in personal travel & stay)
as a toothbrush)
appearance and character)
His character ' R$,`$ He enters ²

& ' $ He makes him awake Fq.'
Habit, practice *{ ? -
1 E$ His secrets ' #' He covers him & #& @&s
1 $
The most knowledgeable
among them
1 3' 3' p? Avoiding JA#4
$ >$ He give him dress & s
& M'6 &


#& , Q$ ' L$ ? .' M'6 .? #' 31 V? f

$ T' $-,$ 6
' ,1 &
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f i5
\ $ O & '”
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$@M$+1 `& i $ ( Ä1,$ !$ Y @T $ 8? @$/
$ N&? 6 ' Q
$ ' S? ,j.? DM$S?
N$4$ 1$ ” :. F N'T ¼= !$ @T & 51 $ "#s $ &$ ÕF 8' v? 51 $ ?
2 , “.!{ +s f& ( ' ¨
& M” :.
“.m f $ ~T$ }$$ N&51 #' 1 z

Z3'( AT$ ' $5
f$ ' X T$ $ p' ($ & / & ? 1
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m #& ,& s 1 $
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F ) J $ #$ E$ "F N,3+ O & 51 YF Ni,s
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Ë N= & ,' @$s1 $
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]F "-
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& M
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1 .? #{ G6 ($ $( c
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' #j
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K .$#"rM$? 1?= '5p? M$$
N&#1 S? $ = K Z
' ¨
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< ' @G( !{ +s f' ( ' ¨
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'5' & ?
D$T d & ? 1 N1O?$ /$ ,' & O
1 ?$ /$ f$ / jK=
< ' @'Y f *$ O 1 ?$ /$
“.&@1 >z Av' ,?
F$5>$
'
<
' $@G' ('
I’ll definitely give him good
news
& "/#$ ~r(z He talks #& ,& s
1 $ He dictates ',1 &
Security i
' ' }$> Both of them discuss d' :$8@ Quran, plural of
4-
$ T' $-$
I went in the morning c
& 1 $ S He did not notice & M5$@$ 1 ? It was less that j;.?
I did before, I took the lead O
& p6 ($ He became happy with it & "#$ Two sides (branches) $@M$+1 `&
It reached it F$5>$ Fresh, cool DM6)$ It is also used to
express disapproval

$ 4
$ 1$
Riding animal Av' ,?
You will be given! 1 v? +1 >& He dies ÕF 8' v? 51 $
I’ll definitely go in the
morning
jd$ & Sz He resumed his talk
$ /}@


5 & ¨

$ :) < ' jvÁ?
f& (1 #& ,$ &
Z3 N's8/ f1 $ ?. ,' DL'$M& !{ +s f& ( ' ¨
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Q
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N')' ?81 f #{ 8? $ ' DM6Y)$ ?p6 $
“.',' +$
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f$ f :1 3& $!' $5& d
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“.D,' 3' jd=” :#& , p “.$ @$+

O $ M
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K? P& Ap? 6
A4 $ 6
$ U& jK= $ = K?
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!5 D ) #$
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A 1 U' !' $/” :. “.PX 1 /$ K? $ *$5' & ZF E& }$>
f1 ,$ ? ” : '
& M p “&,$ 1 d'
$#p
U'!/” :#, p “.$(#1 pF 6
'm 0' $@=$ d' $sT1
$
d #$ p
A U'!/ :#, p “.$#$
D#$` ]{ ")m? ? ?p6 ' ;6 ,$ +1 $ f1 $ $ N$#$
D#1E$ ]{ ")m? ? ?p' ;6 ,$ +1 $
& ? 1 ä' K$ ' (' $ % 1 &
D0& ;6 ,$ +1 $ f1 $ <
' $@G'
;U ¨É$ K$ 1 GF ~/'$}'( w $ 1 ?” :
'
& M p &E
$ ;6 .F ” : '
& M p “$)1 d
$#p
A U'!/” :#& , p “.
D\'-/$ K$ D'$ ' ¨
d' &! f1 '
$ U& & "/= ND+,$ < $ /Z
#& 8' L1 $ ¨
jd= ' ¨
*' ,$ T1 )$ f1 '
Fv5$p6 >$ K? 1 3's8F / ?$
F#$ 1 f$ 'Zj

$ !' $M'
“.+/” :
. “{!+s f& ( ' ¨
& M 1 GF ' N1U' !' $/” :#& , p “.& 'T"#
)& F8L6
D2T D' .? m dY Þ= Q & s 14 $ ?

D'U
2
D( D,' DR). !+s f& ( ' ¨
&M f1 GF $ Î
' ) $ +1 ($ d' #$ p( #$ 3$ $ x
' )z
#' 31 V? 's 1 & F " & "/ & M&s
14$ ? .A%
' 6
"$
m= D
6p'
D'U%&
.i
$ 8' +$
1 @$s
1 & *D j.'
/Y N?*jG '
'
' ) < & 4 D $ ,$@1
p .

Don’t by hopeless!
Fv5$p6 >$ K? The most
comprehensive
& ,$ 1 One who exaggerates DL'$M&
Firm, steadfast D2T The best for creating
God’s fear

& E Covering like a tent ~H
$ &
One who strives in Allah’s
way

D'U%& Wishes ¨É$ Mountain pass ~²8
Bold, courageous D

6p' He will be rewarded $ %
1 & Old $ @$+
He seriously faced a new

matter
A%
' 6
"$ The best for creating
hope with God
$)1 Call them! 1 U' !' $/
He recited loudly #$ 3$ $ They transgressed
F#$ 1 That carrying the most
wisdom
& G? T1


p “$= &3+& ,' s

1 & ;b & )$ f1 ,$ ? N¨µ.? ( 3? #& 3$ %
1 & d #Fp

ZU © X #. O 1 +$ ',$
'
” :
p
N]#1r$
D & )$ & '#/& ,"/= N$ &U$rH 1 /$ "/=” :
p “."=' &3+& ,' 1 F /” :!{ +s f& ( ' ¨
& M
“.'5,14$ '5+& 5$,1 $$ y
jd '/&!$ ” :p “.#$r( !
)
m'= 35 & +& 5$,1 >$$ ' ',4 1 >$
$ 51 '
$ .? $ ? N'*M$+1 G?
1T$
X ©X #. 4 $ A
' $ 'U
#1(=' P$ p$ $> @T ' %'s1 ,$ 6
¼=
$S? Ë
$ 3'( D+'
) “' T#
f$ »#
' ¨
' s'(” :#. Pp
N?d$s/1K
$ ? E$ N?d #Fp6
$ j$ f& ,1T"#
” & >$1
1@$ & "/= DM>$ {M1 $ ~P f& (
.
m” :O. © X #. & @1 ? }$@? NU#6p$ $ $$ “...d? $M$6
& ,$ j$

0y ` 35 n?($ @T #6p$ U & 3$ 1 $ d? &(#' 1 $
$+$ =
. “.X ,¾ ( 0y $ +1 ($
:p . 5'rE$ Z

ZU :
p N5 ;F s P& "
'($4 ¼'= $ #$ -
$ /1
Ë N?nF M d6 ?
:
. “.
DS 36,' (' N35!?Sz &@6 `' d6 = N?d
35 '5 ' d? $ U '
0
dY '
”
“.dU$#G6 $ 3$@+1 ,$ 1 p N$M&s 1 T$ NK”
y0 c '
x $ #$ $ x $ #' $ , N5
$ : ' )$ d? ,& *' ? 'E f' $ 2$ ¼= !{ +s f& ( ' ¨
& M $
“.~() *? ,1T)” :. “'3@$r 1 > ,” :. “.'(&/mF ” :. “G$@r> ” : p ND
'R dF ,
:. “.( Ç *? $ T K” :. “i5 ZF 5 ' Z' E1 f1 $ O $ +1 5$@$1
Z
'Rv$+(' #& & K” :.
]? )$ & *{ ? 1 ? j;YF d? $#p6 $ d "f3& >&#1 /= $#p6 8
Ð5( $rH 1 >$ ” :. “.'+1 ($ f $ >'5$M' dG”
& M1 -
' >& 1 ? *{ ? 1 ? j;YF *? +$ .'
6

$#.? f1 $ ” :p
'
? ) O & +',$ ~/= ...*$+.'
$6
A' /$ N'
#' Y6 Z' (' Q6)$ & /$s' z
' '#( !{ +s f& ( '
& M $ 4 ' ? ;F
?;M$. “.
D( *?.?
.c5~M$6
'>¥(
You desire '3@$r

1> It flow down ;F s He will let them hear &3+& ,' s
1 &
You forbade O
$ +1 5$@$1
The most weak d? $ U They will defend him ' ',4
1 >$
It will not hit & M1 -
' >& 1 ? I’ll definitely go early in
the next morning
f!?Sz He went early in the
morning

$S?
Poverty, lack of food *?.? As a visitor to a patient
D'R Woe on him! DM>$
Wet A' /$ You complain G$@r>


5
:) P f& (
& M
“P f(
M ¼= #1 q5 *5È
;' U f ;{ ) ¼= #$ q5 d & "#$ f ”
3'? ' ' '@E1
*' 5
;F U dY .< $ # ' !' 3
)' $MT1 f
D#1MT' P$ f& ( f& 1 -&46
dY
*' $ ?p@'1 K( D1$ a"-
?pA@( ' "5
f$ 1 ($ D#+ dY p .$/&,kq+$ & $/% ' & '3' 4
$ /'
.*D +$ ' / ]"! 's86 /$ O
' .
' O1 /$Y 3"5G £D*$ !'
*D R'!U ]D $T $4$ f& 1 -
$ 4 & 6
dY .u1~-

& "3+$ @$$ d{ $@s
1 (& ' #v$` N]$!M+
' w ' '5G?
' #6vr $ ? :* Ds. $@. $ "s.? p
.f
' ' p?8"@ ]'
$)1 "@
$ $ #X v` N#1('}@
Q
' Z1r@( ?H$/
c' K') & ~,@$& *? jG$ ' ~M'/' )' 3q( #& ~rM$>& '@
)' $ME1 z
$ 51 ' D $ .? $ ]?
$)1 "@
$#.? $,jYF dY
DT$#? A@$31 $ '> Q ' p? >$#1 ,& 6
~M'"5

ZU
$ 1 -6p$@s 1 $ dY .3&,@'H 1 $ ip(s
0' $M/z
.Dp
D#$3& < $ #' 6 $ f ZF H
' "@$$ $ '
F +$ M1 & Z
& $ ? ($ #& %
& 31 $$ & "/z
$ 3$ r
1 $ @T '#,& & ' _$s $ 86 $ d6
'
"5,$ @$$ '#' ¶ c#$ )$ MEz
ZU $#.? $,jYF dY
"$ j;$
< $ $%@
. .( i $ 5
? " d? G N'Rp( $ +$ s1 $ N'Qp? >$#1 ,F
'M5

ZU )$ 3V
.*' ,1T#
$3F
AM'/ ? +' (& @T '$ ' }$s5$? P$ f' ( f' 1 -
$ À
F
0y &!
Expected Q
' p? >$#1 ,& 6
A Church or a
Synagogue
w
' '5G?
A great scholar, plural
)MT
D#1MT'
He quivered A@$31 $ Garden d{ $@s
1 (& Their religion 3'? '
Place of migration
D#$3& Trimming Q
' Z1r> Their creed '3' 4
$ /'
By his idea / information '#' H'( Pollinating plants #1('}@
They respect him $/F%
' &
To extend, stretch _
$s$ 86 $ d6 Prophecies, predictions c
' K') Submitting *D $ !'

So it was delayed for him }$s5$? He ends it 3&,@'H
1 $ Road ]"!
His death '$ He explores -6p@$s
1 $ Equal portion #6v`$


P$ G
f' 1 -$ 4 & &#@1 5$ . ? ' /1
Z
~À ? ( f$ ' & d6 N'@M$4
1 'R?p' (' ?q4
1 $ 6d Q$ @'YF
",? :P$ f& ( f1- $ ÀF
? . .)& 6. 3':#1 $ f' s 1 T& N) 3? 3 '1= *? "-.' 5 u $ s$'
'/$2 '>8' ' M$s$ /$ '½
f "#æ? c & Z6 E$

' ) )' 3q( &O+1 ,' $
f AO"M?>$ N'>'"M&/& f O & 51 p? 1 @$
@T Q@G
' /$51 ' )X v1s$ U f$ 1 ($ 3$5( & (' N'/G$
Z
P& 1 $
d? Y d ¼= .' G@
f És' O & 6 p? $ N'!3
f m O1,@$Y? Ë '>$ 1 !$ u'
.*? 5

D'. *? jG f P& s
]F -
F #
' J $ #$ E$
' Z{ @ O
& 5Y . D5'+1 & ' "5
' '!5 ;? +$ $ $ 5 ;b & ) ;? M$.6 0MFp( $/$ <$ #' 6 $ n?($ ,
d= , N']#$ %$ "r
O $ æ *D s $ ' ¢ ' )' À
O & 51 (' ]F $ 'E '@",$ O/Y 3' ;F , Ç *{ ? H 1 /$ ' $)
:#1MG$> O 1 +$ ,' $ i $ T '@",$ Ç Op “.³ & Y
...#& M$Y
” :O & 86 @$U$ @T #$ M$Á
?
O & +1 ,' $
Op “.m u $ 1 ? D$` O
$ 6 +$ ? D'!. d?
#, f' ( ,'( O $ +1 ,' $ O
$ 15YF '
...
$ M$E$ ”
“.5! ?$ N?d
#, f( $ E
"/= N*",$ 1 ” :3?
f,' D.~-
$ &
F +$ M1 & $/ 5/#'MH
1 >& @5Y Z
AM'5
U ” :O. O 1 @$G? s
$ ? ...(
? +' (& å
? +' (& 1 .?
' ) ¼= ~>$ f O & 1
$ $ "F “.d6 m? = Z” :O. “.+/” :Op “(k)$ cK# D,~,@$& ?M1 .?
.5 DM#. c & #1 ' @T 1 3& @&,1 T$
?$ ? N'($M(' d? &,T' !$ 1 $
$ 5
O& #
'
I shouted, I yelled O
& 86 @$U$ Written in a book )X v1s$ It was written for him
(his destiny)
Q
$ @'YF
He may block you (words
said as a love)

$ M$E$ I was sure O
& 51 p? 1 @$
To enjoy ?q4
1 $ d6
Immediately ~>$ I remained steadfast AO"M?>$ So that he describes u
$ s$'
They crowded d? &,T' !$ 1 $ I concealed O1,@$Y? The well-described
narration
)
I competed with them 1 3& @&,1 T$
?2$ I tied (my tongue) i.e. I
didn’t speak anything
O
& 6 p? $ I explore "#æ?
f G@ T

I became,
) c
& #1
' Climbing Z{ @ I reconcile, I compare & ('


;' 1 j(
$ .P+v

,+ .P$ "s

&r6 & "5
3” :F. 5 &@+1 ,' $ ? " dG
w$ 1 ? & 3$ 1 $ jd O& 51 p? 1} .5 j,$ >$ N' & "#8? > O& 6 +$ %
$ ? “.P$s(' *? "5È ?

&E1 >$ .P$/'
& "5

:?. jÇ= O $ 8@ .
F )
D,¾ jd
K= = K d6 c & 1 3' `$ N5 c& /$! Ë .< {
jZY ' 1 $ ('

& M N+/” :Op “.P$ f& (
& M ;(” :p “.P$ f& ( f& 1 - $ 4
& 6
” :Op “$,&
”
.P
$ +1 ($ #$ E$ D,1
( Ç jd AQT ~À ? (
$ ?+$ ($ Z
“.P f(
1U !K '@$ 1 2$ c & 1 $ !$ '@( ¼=
'
' ) ' 5 f O
& 6 #$ -1/
Ë?
O
& 6 .F /= F .]D #1MY *D H
$ ` O/Y NF]$ 'E '@, 3+ O 1 ,?1 D+,$
,} P'
¼=
.+/ :
p “.G d? m? @T !' 3
f 1 GF $ = 1=
,&@Y
” :3?
d{ $@31 (& P& 1 .? !$ 3
jd= N
? ) ” : O & 6 .F
'
' ) ¼= O & +1 $ ) F
Ë '>
$#% & T& f ]{ #$ % 1 T& ' 1 3& 51 $ É$#@&s
1 > d . $ = 3$U& $ & 1 >$ d AQT' É= .;'(
5/
,'$ d6 = 3"/ .P
¼= U$& > Ë 1(
,1+$ d6 ;? M1 .? U$51 ' '@?' 51 $ f 3?}1s>$
“.'/&@3$ ($ *{ -'./ k;GF (' '/$)$ N'/&($ O
& 1,? 1
1 3& A4 & $ Z? E = U! Ë N'>
#&%T& ' +( '
'
F ) '5E!}
& /$F!' $%&
+% .' #' 1 f1 ' 1 3' M'@FY ' $#$ $,(' 1 U& #& kYZ? & Nd,1
3= Q& ~M4$ & NP
f' ( i ' -46

*F '51 $ ” :3? . 1 3' /',1= f w $ '$ , .& ,$ 1 / N~À?
' $/)$,& N;M(
“.5,' /'#M1 T$ f& (
5&,' /&#M1 T$ /' f& (
/&” :
p “G' P$
He created love Q
& ~M4
$ & Slander, false blame d{ $@31 (& Sleep P$/'
He reminded them 1 U& #& kYZ? & They criticized me '/&($ I gazed at
& "#8? >
They argued with him & /$F!' $%& The accused me '/$)$ I fill my eyes with that j,$ >$
They wrangled with him $/)$,& The alleged a false blame
on me
'/&@3$ ($ So I believed O
& 51 p? 1 }
He persuades them 1 3& A4
& $ I came near c
& /$!


“.$ ' s
1 & d6 f
& m? .$ ' s 1 &' dY ' `T” :
. “d,'s 1 @&? $ ? 1 d= 1 @&$#? ” :? p
d? &,? +1 @$? 1 GF "/=
'
.,¾ ' (' 0y
FM$.6

p">
!!' 3
#$ r+ ” :O. 3= O & #H

'
F ) / & 3$ `1 /= .' @'8? ' ' ,' 1 ( ]'
)@
' 1 YF $ 51 ' D(&@G6 $ $/&% ' >$ N
F #? "/=
f& (
5U N/~#`$ f(
/A#r $ ?
$ "/= '
N$O(jZY? ” :
p “.F#' 1 NF.~ N( f& '
N$ ;6 .F ?” :

? # Op .( '/&( K= DM1$
Y&#@1 $ ? “.5'U
“{)% ){ 1 S? ;F U1 1 3& "/= N;( d{ $@31 (& P& 1 .? !$ 3
jd=
& /s dG N'd
$#pF ( $ ? .!& )1?
?.` Z
Õq
? M.= P'
P f& ( '
& M1 $ ;? M$.6
.kV' f P$ $ 6
S @T & '
c &
? $ ~M'5( $ j+$ >$ .c
' 5$M
>¥( DM$) }@8$ K
i( O 1
m ]D )$ r'( & '
c &
'
F ) Ú #"r($ @T *' "5% $ 6 ' ;' ,$ +$ $s86 $/ )$ Z? /$
:
#
. .&#1 S ]? !$ $M& f& ( w
& 1 .? U
) *"-.' ]' )$ $rM'
Z3' dY .O` P
#G
*(4-
.*' 5
'
'
' ) ' %'s1 $ ' ' 6 +'
c
' p?T$ f *{ p? 6 T$ ' Ds O & 5FY
D6T& DT $ "5

¢ F ~4 $ & ;? +$ %
$ ? .Qp
( a & ' #$@s
1 $ w
& 86 "5
( w & /$}$> X 1 `$ *' p? 6 ?À
' dY
:O & p “.
ZU ¼= #1 qF 51 $6 ? *' "5È
;' U1 f ;&)$ ¼= #$ qF 51 $ d6 "#$ f” :Pp
. P$ . , .
D#'
@T $ ? v? /1 “&@&+1 M'@$? &"5+$ M$>z .
” :s8/ ' O & p “.P f& ( '
& M” :
p “
ZU f”
P$ p
O & +,$” :Op .Ç d? m' } £ O1/m? }@ .15 ;? E$ ! Ë N*5
f J&#H 1 $ d !Y
¼= #1 q15$6 ? *' "5È
;' U f ;) ¼= #$ qF 51 $ d6 "#$ f” :%s
f O $ 1 #E N$51 $ dp
.*' 5¦È
;U f $ /? 5
$ #$ $ Y $ ? z N$#' M$E$ $ .' z N$#' 6= ' O & 1 $,? “.
ZU
It is attracted w
& /$}$> It became hard for him ?.` He protected him & m?
It becomes relaxed a
& ' #$@s
1 $ Watering place, spring !& )1?
I believe in him ( f& '
Effective
D#' He became very fond of $ ? Betrayal, disloyalty ){ 1 S?
Following you $ #' 6= It did not stop }@8$ K Dissipation ){ %
To stop, to know
$ .' z It circulated O
1
m Thirsty Õq


:p “.QM f . "(&K fG ...+/” :Op “!"5$(& *5È
;U}(
” :p
*{ c
$
m 'R/ / 6 5( :p “.
D#1E
$
$$ ...c ' U” :Op “.' MM f $ F~T$ }”
/
m N( Z? E$ } N&O,1 pF ? “.1 .F ” :Ç p ;b & )$ É>

' ) ' 31 $
“. O 1 s $ 1 ? 3"/ $31 !$ ” :Ç p .3'
$ 1 d6 O
& ,1 ,$ 3? '$,`' f #?v('
0y "5S? *D :
$ 1 )$ O
& 1 > @T 3&@G6 ? s $ ? “.36GF
” :Ç p '5o f1 $ *{ 4 $: '
{ '#v? (' /
m c
& #1 ?q5$?
x' )z
' F 1 { T f !X &,$ 3v ' .]' #$ 1 A5
*? +$ R'
) ]' #$
1 ÁF
]? \Y N'0)z
*? +$ '

“.& v@ K” :Op “. u $ )1
'” :Ç p .Q { U$ m? f *?p6 T$ & ' .0,s
' &@$3'/
.,'31 @$6 Y "' $(' *' p? 6 À
? ( c
& Z6 E$ N'!,$+
' c & #1
' @T £&O1 .? #$ ? N'5+$ ? #$ ? $ É0%

'
? ) O & 1 > ]F
L
O/Y , .O & 4 1 M$ 1 @T $Ú Dpk+$ @$ O& p(
:p $ ) O & -$-.?
& #v
" .)' $5
;U f ' ,~r
< ' 41 & # 3 $ ','` f 3$@) '@
&#v
"”
$ @1 .? ` '@
*F :$ 1 "#
" .*5È
;' U f i,
< ' 41 & # 3 $ 5',$ f 3$@) '@
3 *F p? 6 À
?
" .f
!& , $ 3& ? $3v' $ $ ' Z
!& ,+
.P
3 ç$# 1 /& 3'>#$
1 ¶
“.c
$ ,$> @T 3'( DG's,1 @$s
1 & ?
$>$ f1 ? .?p6
]$#1 +&
Worth Reading
What is the problem of a modern man? Who deserve the Paradise?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0003-Deserving.htm
Climb! u
$ )1
' Dimensions 0' )z
Bring c
' U
Helper $ Masterpiece *? +$ R'
) So I became worried O
& ,1 ,$ 3?
Hanging Dpk+$ @$ Freshness, beauty ]' #$
1 A5
To walk on that road
$ 1 d6
One who firmly grasps 's,1 @$s
1 & Pillar, column !X &,$ Leave it! $31 !$

Lesson 8A: Words with Repeated Source Letters

The second category of deceased verbs and nouns is
X $ $& Take care of poor and weak

X "+
$ & . We have already discussed that in these verbs and nouns, people in your society. Spend a
fixed percentage in your income
the same source letter is repeated. There are three possibilities
for repetition of a source letter. to raise their status.
• First and Second Source Letter (*,Y [ N ) is the same. For example #X M$($ (lion), db !$ !$ (amusement). These
source letters will be read separately like normal verbs and nouns.
• First and Third Source Letters (*,Y N ) are the same. For example X ? .? (anxiety),
b F F (one third).
These source letters will be read separately like normal verbs and nouns.
• Second and Third Source Letters (*,Y N [) are the same. For example !X $ $ (to help), !X $ `$ (to make
tight). These source letters will either be merged or read separately based on certain rules.
Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, the word f
1 ' is used to describe a part of something e.g. f$ '

' 5
(Some of the people), <
'
$#1 zy
f1 ' d? &)kZ+$ ,& 6
0y $ (Some villagers
came putting excuses), 0' $M/1 ? f
1 '
$ 'm? (Those are some of the news). It is
called *b
' '+M$@
f1 ' .
Do you know?
Arabs can be divided into two groups: The Progeny of Qahtan & the Progeny
of A’dnan. Former used to live in the South Arabia (i.e. Yemen). They were
civilized people and used to live in cities. They established two great
kingdoms: Saba & Himyar. The later used to live in the North & Middle
Arabia. They belong to the progeny of Ishmael, the son of Abraham ,3
Ps
]-
. They were mainly nomads. Some of them used to live in cities
like Makkah. They were further divided into two major tribes: Rabi’ah and
Mudhir. Each of them was further divided into several tribes, sub-tribes,
clans and families. The tribes and families were named according to that of
its founder. Prophet Muhammad
belonged to Quraish which
was a branch of Mudhir.

The rules of merging or not merging the source letters are as follows:
• If the two same source letters are coming simultaneously in a word and the later one has a movement,
they will be merged in the following way:
• As you have already seen in the last lesson that if the earlier one is already silent, it will be directly
merged into the second. For example:
e#' )X #1 ' | e<)$ Q

X (1)$ •
• If the earlier one has a movement, it will be made silent and then merged into the later one. For
example:
"@$'
!$ 1 @$1
!$ $ @$1
' | "$ !$ 1 $ !$ $ $ •
• If the both of them have a movement and the letter before both of them is silent, the movement of
the earlier one will be moved to its precedent, it will be made silent and then merged into the later
one. For example:
"@$= !$ 1 @$= !$ $ @$= | ,& $ !& 1 ,& $ !& & ,1 $ •

• If the two same source letters are coming simultaneously in a word and the later one is silent and
earlier one has a movement, they will not be merged. For example:
!1 $ = !1 $ = | c
$ !1 $ $ c
$ !1 $ $ •
• If another letter is coming between the two source letters or one of these letters already have a
tashdeed, they will not be merged. For example

$ jp`$ (He split),
& kGr
$ & (He creates doubts)
• Sometimes, the same word has two meanings. In that case, the two letters are merged to describe
one meaning and not merged to describe another meaning. You can see the both separate meanings
in the dictionary. For example: !

X $ $ (to help), e $ (to prolong), 7
X -
$ .? (to tell a story), e7.? (to cut),
X M$$ (reason), eQ$ (to insult, to use abusive language) etc.
Q

See the following example. Changed words are shown in the red color:
(u u ]!) \
X L'
$
X #$
+@= <( !#9
u
X ?p@'`1 = u
X ?p@'`1 = e`$ X p? `$ )-
"@$`1 = $ p? @$`1 = "`$ $ p? `$ P+ :
"@&`1
F $ p' @&`1
F "`& $ p' `& 39 :
@$r
1 $ & p' @$r
1 $ & $ & pF r
r 1 $ P+ [)
@$r
1 & & p? @$r
1 & r
$ & & p? r
1 & 39 [)
1 p' @$`1 = 1 p' @$`1 = 1 pF `1

Fy 1 pF `1
Fy P+ #:T #
1 p' @$r
1 $' 1 p' @$r
1 $' 1 pF r
1 $' 1 pF r
1 $' P+ QRS #
1 p? @$r
1 &' 1 p? @$r
1 &' 1 p? r
1 &' 1 p? r
1 &' 39 #
e@$r
1 & & p' @$r
1 & eu$` X .' $` ;
e@$r
1 & & p? @$r
1 & u
X Fpr
1 $ u
X Fpr
1 $ +8
Note that after the merger, ; and +8 have the same form in +@
<(. It is determined exactly
by the context of its use.
Worth Reading
Which attitude is better: Putting justification or admitting one’s fault?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0001-Accepting.htm

Look at the following example. Words having merged letters are shown in red color. The words in
which letters are not merged are in normal black color.
!#9 | (u u ]!) \MY

X #$
(To split) X p? `$ )-
N1@&p6 p? `$ N$,@&p6 p? `$ N$Op6 p? `$ N$fp6 p? `$ N$@jyp`$ N1Ojyp`$ N
&p̈$` Njp`$ N"`$
P+ : ;+
$5p6 p? `$ N&Op6 p? `$ N"f@&p6 p? `$ N$,@&p6 p? `$ N'O6pp? `$
N1@&p6 p' `& N$,@&p6 p' `& N$Op6 p' `& N$fp6 p' `& N$@jyp`& N1Ojyp`& N
&p̈&` Njp`& N"`&
39 : ;+
$5p6 p' `& N&Op6 p' `& N"f@&p6 p' `& N$,@&p6 p' `& N'O6pp' `&
N'dpr
& >$ NAr
& >$ N$fp6 pF r
1 $ Nd' jpr
& >$ NAr
& >$ N?dpr
& $ N'djpr
& $ NAr
& $
P+ [) ;+
Ar 1 >$ Nd' jpr
& /$ NA`& N$fp6 pF r & >$ N$ikpr
& >$ N?dpr
& >$
N'djpr
$ >& NAr
$ >& N$fp6 p? r
1 & Nd' jpr
$ >& NAr
$ >& N?dpr
$ & N'djpr
$ & NAr
$ &
39 [) ;+
Ar
$ /& NA`$
F N$fp6 p? r
1 >& Nd' jpr
$ >& N$ikpr
$ >& N?dpr
$ >&
f$ p6 pF `1 = Njp`$ = Nkp`$ = N
p`$ = Njp`$ = N1pF `1 = P+ #:T #
1 pF r
1 5$' N1pF `1 z N$fp6 pF r
1 $' Njpr
& @$' N1pF r
1 @$' N
pr
& $' Njpr
& $' N1Fpr
1 $' P+ QRS #
Njpr
$ @&' N1p? r
1 @&' N$fp6 p? r
1 &' Njpr
$ @&' N1p? r
1 @&' N
pr
$ &' Njpr
$ &' N1?pr
1 &'
39 # ;+
1 p? r
1 5&' N1p? `1 KF N$fp6 p? r
1 @&' Njpr
$ @&' Nkpr
$ @&' N
pr
$ @&'
c
X j.$` N'd$@j.$` Ne*j.$` N?d®.F $` N'dj.$` Neu$` ; 1
c
X ?.Fpr$ N'd$@.? Fpr$ Ne*?.Fpr$ N?dF.Fpr$ N'd?.Fpr$ NXuFpr$ +8 1

+@
| (u u ]!) \MY
X #$
(To derive) u
X ?p@'`
)-
N$,@&p6 p? @$`1
N$Op6 p? @$`1
N$fp6 p? @$`1
N$@jp@$`1
N1Ojp@$`1
N
p@$`1
Njp@$`1
N"$@`1
P+ : ;+

$5p6 p? @$`1
N&Op6 p? @$`1
N"f@&p6 p? @$`1
N$,@&p6 p? @$`1
N'Op6 p? @$`1
N1@&p6 p? @$`1
N$,@&p6 p' @&`F

N$Op6 p' @&`F
N$fp6 p' @&`F
N$@jp@&`F
N1Ojp@&`F
N
p@&`F
Njp@&`F
N"&@`F
39 : ;+

$5p6 p' @&`F
N&Op6 p' @&`F
N"f@&p6 p' @&`F
N$,@&p6 p' @&`F
N'Op6 p' @&`F
N1@&p6 p' @&`F
N'djp@$r
1 >$ NA@$r
1 >$ N$fp6 p' @$r
1 $ N'djp@$r
1 >$ NA@$r
1 >$ N?dp@$r
1 $ N'djp@$r
1 $ NA@$r
1 $
P+ [) ;+
A@$r 1 >$ Nd' jp@$r
1 /$ NA@$`1 N$fp6 p' @$r 1 >$ N$ikp@$r
1 >$ N?dp@$r
1 >$
N'djp@$r
1 >& NA@$r
1 >& N$fp6 p? @$r
1 & Nd' jp@$r
1 >& NA@$r
1 >& N?dp@$r
1 & N'djp@$r
1 & NA@$r
1 &
39 [) ;+
A@$r
1 /& NA@$`1
F N$fp6 p? @$r
1 >& Nd' jp@$r
1 >& N$ikp@$r
1 >& N?dp@$r
1 >&
f$ p6 p' @`
Njp@$`
Nkp@$`
N
p@$`
Njp@$`
N1p' @$`
P+ #:T #
1 p' @$r$5 N1p' @$`z N$fp6 p' @$r
1 $' Njp@$r
1 @$' N1 p' @$r
1 @$' N
p@$r
1 $' Njp@$r
1 $' N1p' @$r$' P+ QRS #
Njp@$r
1 @&' N1 p? @$r
1 @&' N$fp6 p? @$r
1 &' Njp@$r
1 @&' N1 p? @$r
1 @&' N
p@$r
1 &' Njp@$r
1 &' N1p? @$r&'
39 # ;+
1 p? @$r&5 N1p? @$`FK N$fp6 p? @$r
1 @&' Njp@$r
1 @&' N'p@$r
1 &' N
p@$r
1 @&'
c
X jp@$r& N'd$@jp@$r& Ne*jp@$r& N?dp@$r& N'djp@$r& Ne@$r& ; 1
c
X jp@$r& N'd$@jp@$r& Ne*jp@$r& N?dp@$r& N'djp@$r& Ne@$r& +8 1

There are certain rules about the letters whose sounds are produced from the same part of mouth are also
merged. First two rules are limited to +@
<( only whereas the third rule is limited to ;8> ;+8> <(.
• If the first source letter of +@

<( is one of 2 m !, the c of +@
<( is changed to that letter
and then merged. See the examples:
;? E$ "!= ;? E$ !$ !1 = ;? H $ >$!1 = : ^ ! ! •
#$ Y? j m= #$ Y? m? m6 = #$ G? >$m6 = :) m ! •

$ ?"2= $ ?2$ 21 = $ ? >$21 = : 2 ! •
$ ? j= $ ? v? 6 = $ ? @$6 = :[ ! •
• If the first source letter of +@'
<( is one of x Ã á, the c of +@'
<( is changed to and not
merged. See the examples:
#$ M$v? 1 = #$ M$@$ 1 = :) < Ã ! •
<
$ #$ v? := < $ #$ @$:
1 = :< ) x ! •
$ ? v? V= $ ? @$V6 = :P á ! •
• If the first source letter of ;8> <( ;+8> <( is one of á x Ã 2 m ! ¢, the c of <(
;8> <( ;+8> is changed to that letter and will be merged. If it is not possible to read that word, a
'
will be added before the word. See the examples:
#$ jYjm
' #$ jYjm #jYm? m? #$ jYZ? >$ :) m ! •
$ )$
"!
' $ )$
"! $ )$
$!!$ $ )$
$>$ : ) ! ! •
$ ($"
' $ ($" $ ($$s$ $ ($$s>$ :u < ! •
#$ "3j
' #$ "3j #$ "3v? #$ "3v? >$ :) ! •
u
$ ""
' u $ "" u $ "-
$
$ u $ "-
$ >$ :u ! Ã ! •
• The above mentioned rule is optional. Therefore you may find the both forms of words in the Arabic
literature.
• In some words of [) ;+ of ;8> <( ;+8> <(, two c are combined. It is allowed to keep
both of them or delete one of them. For example d
? &#U$ ?q>$ N d? &#U$ ?q@$>$ both are correct.

Test Yourself
Translate the Arabic sentences into English. The meaning of )- and necessary vocabulary re provided
below. You have to describe the change process of words mentioned in red color. Also make the #
\MY \L for these words.
$5+ á8 ! $5+ á8 !
To love ' $ "QT$ < < a
Q4 To become, to
turn
¨;q? $ ãy;V? á
To love other <
X $MT= To put a shelter ;b 'q$>
To make other
beloved
Q
X 'M4$> To harm #
& $ "#:
$ ))x
To return !#& $ "!)$ !!) To harm each
other
e*$)$&
To turn back on
heels
!X
'>)'
To deviate from
the right path
;
' $ j;:
$ x
To doubt, to think fqF $ "fV? ddá To deviate other b :=
To run, to escape #8' $ "#? )) To waste ;b '>
To touch, to affect
adversely
Aw,$ $ "w$ P To count +& $ "$ !![
To debate, to
intend
²4
& $ "²T$ JJa To prepare !X
$1 =
To debate each
other
e*"$4& To count !X
$@''
To be respected /
powerful
+' $ "$ 22[ To count X +$>
To give respect 2X
$= To be disgraced ¨Z' $ jm? m
To make other
powerful
X '+$> To disgrace, to
make subservient
;b 'Z$>
To set, to compete e*j.r& uu

Change English '(#

(;+8> <() No change
We placed a shelter over them
with clouds.
P$ $,L$ 6
1 GF 1 ? $ $56 jV?
Recall when We suspended the
mountain over them as it is a ____
*b jVF & "/}?Y? 1 3& .? 1 ? ;? M$%$ 6
$5p6 @$/$ m6 ='
and ____ that it was going to fall
over them.
1 3' (' X .'
$ & "/?
A5V? $
What ____ not benefit them. 1 3& +& 8? 5$ K$ 1 U& A#
& $ $
If Allah _____ with a calamity,

? #
& (' & j

$ s1s $ ,1 $ d6 ='
there is no one who can remove it.
& ?
$ `' ?Y
Distress and adversity ______. 0
"#"
$ 0 $}6 M$6
1 3& @1 "s$
The deviated one cannot _____. j;:
$ f1 $ 1 YF A#
& $ K
They will definitely not _____
Allah with anything.
& $ f1 ? ?
D1`$ $ j
"#
His face _____ black.
D!$ s
1 & & 3& 1 $ j;V?
They did not _____ anyone except $$ 1 3& s
$ 8F /? jK=' d?
' & $$
themselves and they do not ______
with anything. 0{ 1 `$ f1 '
$ /$A#& $
Adversity and affluence has _____
our ancestors.
0
"#"s
$ 0
"#"
$/0y $( "w$ 1 .?
Their necks ____ bent by that. i
$ +' :
' $E $3? 1 3& .F $51 ? O
1 jq? ?
For Whom you ____ a worshipper. D8'Y$ ' 1 ? $ O
$ 6 ? V? 'Zj
Have you _____ My slaves? '!$M' 1 @&6 ? :

1 ? 1 @&/1??

Change English '(#

They said, “When ____ in the
earth?”
x
' )1 zy
' $56 ? :
$
?ZR'?
F?.$
_____ for the unbelievers a
painful punishment.
D,'? D(
?Z$ f$ '#' ?G6 ' "$ ?
When you marry with the "fU& &,@&p6 j? "F c

' $5' 1 ,& 6
1 @&4
1 G? /$
?m='
believer women, and then
divorce them before _____, for "f3' 1 ? $ 1 GF ? $,? "fU& As,$ >$ d6 ? ;' M1 .? f1 '
you it is not essential to ____
which _____ for them. $3/$A@$+1 >$ ]{ "' f1 '
So _____ with the third one.
{ '?(' $/21 "+$ ?
________
D!$$ ; .? ?
From you, whoever ____ from '>}6 $
$ 1 s
$ ? ' 5''! f1 $ 1 GF 51 ' ">$#1 $ f1 $
his religion, so Allah will bring
soon a group _____ and ______. & /$AM4 ' & P{ 1 p? (' & j
' &$ 1 3& AM4

For them, _____ a respectful
reward.
Do'#Y?
D#1? 1 3& ? "$ ?
_____ to whomever He wills and
______ to whomever He wills.
0 $r>$ f1 $ Z' >&$ 0 $r>$ f1 $ A+' >&y
Your Lord is pure, the Lord of
_____.
]' "+' 6
~<)$
$ ~()$ d? $4M1 &
That is due to that they ____
Allah and His Prophet. And f1 $ $ & ?&)$ $ $ j

.$` 1 3& "/}?('
$ 'm?
whoever ______ with Allah, so
surely Allah is hard in <
' ?p+' 6
& '`$ $ j
jd'? $ j
"u$r&
retribution.
Worth Reading
What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism? Why the Polytheism
not acceptable in front of God? How to avoid polytheism in our prayers?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0009-Monotheism.htm

Change English '(#

The one who gathers wealth
and ______.
& !$ "$ $ KD $ $ ,$ $ 'Zj
We have _____ for them. 1 3& ? $U$56 jm?

_____ was imposed on them. *F jkZ
1 3' 1 ? $ O
1 ($#' :
& y
If we return to the city, "f$ #' H
1 &? *' 5$',$ 6
?=' $5+1 $ )$ f1 '?
definitely the _____ of it will
drive out the ______. jm? zy
$351 ' A$ zy
(The fruits of paradise) will

____ in clusters ______.

D 'Z6 >$ $3F Fv.F O
1 ? kmF
_____ like _____ of Allah. ' j
~Q4
& Y? 1 3& /$AM4
' &
Have you not seen the one who ' $ 'U
$#(1=' "J$T 'Zj
?=' #$ >$ 1 ??
____ with Abraham about
______. ' ~()$
If you ____ Allah then ____,

' >& 1 @&51 YF d6 ='
'/&+M'">? $ j
d? AM4
Allah ____ you.
& j
1 GF M1 M'4
1 &
Verily, you cannot guide the
one who _____.
O
$ M1 M$T1 ? f1 $ '31 >$ K
$ "/='
____ about Allah not ____ i.e.
the ____ of ignorance period.
*' "' U' $%6
"fV? ~4
$ 6
#$ 1 S? ' j'( d? A5qF $
You do not ____ to drive out 1 3& "/?

A5V? $
&#& H
1 $ d6 ? 1 @&51 5$V? $
and ____ that their castles will
protect them from Allah. ' j
f1 ' 1 3& /&&-T& 1 3& @&+$ /'$

Lesson 8B: The Exegesis of Qurtabi

In this lesson, we are providing you a sample of the We should respect our religious leaders
famous “Tafsir Al-Qurtabi”. He was one of famous but we should not follow them blindly.
exegetes of the Quran. This lesson will give you an According to the Prophet
,
idea about the language used in the Exegesis of the blind-following of any person is declaring
Holy Quran. him a deity other than Allah. (Bukhari)
d #p
P' ?GTz ' %6
\s8>
(ÏU 671 : Æ@
) ¿#p
)Á
)-/z
» f( ,¾
M ( : 5-
d
#, ])
? $ /1?$ ' 1$ $ f$ 1 ($ $,' D.~-
$ & ~4 $ 6'( <$ $@G' 6
$ 1 ? $ ? "/$ .P& Ap? 6
A4
$ 6
$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K & j
.6
<
X
?Z$ 1 3& ? ' j
c ' $¥'(
&#8? Y? f$ Z' j
jd=' d? ?.#1 8F 6
? $ /1?$
' "5' ¦U& ;F M1 .? f1 ' .;? '%/1'
$ ]?
$)1 "@
.P{ ?p@'/1
Fm X '$ & j
$ X '`$

$ 1 Y? P' $T)1 zy
' 1 YF )& ~-
$ & 'Zj
$ U& .0' $,"s
' K$ x
' )1 zy
' 0e 1 `$ ' 1 ? $ ?8H 1 $ K $ j
jd='
.& 'G4
$ 6
& '+$ 6
$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K 0 $r$
f$ 'Zj
"}?? c X $3('$r@$& #& E$ F$ < ' $@G' 6
APF "fU& c X ,$ G? 4 1 & c X $ & 51 ' < $ $@G' 6

$ 1 ? $ ? $ /1? 'Zj
$ U&
& j
jK=' & ? '}6 >$ & ? +1 $ $$ ' ' '}6 >$ 0y $L@'(1
$ *' $5@1 8' 6
0y L$ @'(1
& 51 ' $ ($$r>$ $ d? &+M'"@' nb 12$ 1 3' ('F.F '
.< ' $M6zy

F1 F jK=' #& jYjZ$ $$ $5~()$ ' 15' f1 ' ;´ YF ' (' "5$ d? FFp$ ' 6 +' 6
' d? &H'
"#
$
& ' $
$ "/=' $5"()$ .<
& "U$ 6
O
$ /1?
$ "/=' *D ,$ T1 )$
$ /1& ? f1 ' 5$? Q
1 U$ $ $5@$1$ U$ m6 =' $ +1 ($ $5($F.F Û
6 ' >& K $5"()$
(9Ó1 d
#, ) .!$ $+,' 6
& ' H
1 & K $ j
jd=' ' ' Q $ 1)$ K P{ 1 $'
' "5
: ;Rs wè ' “.P& Ap? 6

A4
$ 6
$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K & j
N Î
” 2 Ó 1 : d@
:'M#p
.
?GT$ .[,1( */ ])s
ZU “P& Ap? 6
A4
$ 6
$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K & j
N Î
” : .Ó ¼z
(1)
.*' M$1 ? ]'
)@
' 3$,1
d
& jp"5

”_ $ @$8$@ 0r+

5
:) <vÁ
f( #, d̈ R$sG?
) Ó */
(2)
$ 6
$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K & j
N Î
” #p “d
#,
*/
' N * *R,'( ¼z
*' +Y#
' #p “P& Ap? 6
A4
' . . ;+ d N i@+Y) ' ]) #p K : /, . .*.M
*R(

¿5
#. . .m 2
_4-
: O. .d}r( U N ( }( K : *,%,6
,¾ ( 44 N Rs5

#E N i@+Y) ' 3?."#? <#L
'
#z(
.Ð} N À
M
f db 3/ 0 m f, £ )ME ) 3 ' !) ])s
ZU Ó *
(3)
* ' U#E #. f Q@G N ]#E
' 3R). f AJ$4>$ 3/ N +- 15Y NcÀ
...m \S ¼= N * PpY

:
. * f' $
$#UA'( “d
#, ]#pM
” *,s> ' 0,+ Ó *+(
#
(4)
f #& U$ $ ,'( $,3' R')?. $,3' @'$
3' £ ]' #$ U1 A
#' U1 A
f mb E} N'd$>#"5$
,I= : z
U N *p
P ~P"@
)5
f ,3'>0
#. Q & ">#$ @$$ $,' = .,3/+ f N ,'U)
/
( #Ym ,Y £$q? z
'
$
& 5$",$ >$ ,' $@Y$#@$`
,Iz Z( $@",& :
. É
p
qz

d̈= : .

) d O5( 0,1 f \S !
!
K & j
” d
#, ' ë
“& 'T"#
f& ,$ T1 "#
$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K X T'
$ X ?=' 1 FG3& ?='$ ” i@
i>U '
. * f(
#E .“P& Ap? 6
A4 $ 6
$ U& jK=' $ ?='
Rule of the Day! The word = is used is used to give sense of “either…or” e.g. 0|
$' "='$ & +1 ($ D5$ "=' (either
benevolence or ransom),
D)F8Y
? "='$
D#'Y$` "=' (either thankful or thankless). It is also used to describe a
condition as “if” e.g. #$ M$G
' 6
$ $ 51 ' "fL$ F M1 $ "=' (If he reaches at old age being with you). In such case, the verb
must carry a d̈. In this case, it is a combination of + d 6 =.
It gives light #& U$ $ Poverty + He opened, he started _

$ @$8$@
He arranges Q
& ">#$ @$$ She will conduct a debate AJ$4>$ He separated u
$ "#?
It included f$ ",
$ >$ Two lights f' $
$#UA2 Snakes c"T$

,¾ f u4= f( ,¾ #Ym ,' d?

#%$/ ' Q ' Ms'( / ]' )s
ZU )& 1
$ : *sH6
(5)
' *5(

)
& )-/
/Y N \(
f( #8+ f(
& ' # 3= #X 8$/ * N#r *+()z
' .) #r *+() 3
#` f 3' N MY
) i@
3'+,@9 QT 3'í & ~"s
N _s
& M ,1
3R
) m P' p
\ & Q.+
:&U#$
.&3,& ' 3F8pF ;R
f( #G( T *,p f( *)T ( N&3$ z
&½

QX M$& c
'
#$M4
' 6
<
& 3 N'#-+
]' #&

)
E
O
1 /$$T .*D KD ,$ 3
¦$ 5) ” :
¿5
<4 p *b $!' )1

¿5
p .u#r
¼=
'M5
%s '
- $
p 3&>
“.U&!$ ” :
¼= N'
f& (
/ d? &,$ $ s '

? ) d? &#V' $5& ¦ 3'(
. Ë
*' +$ ' "s
f' 1 U'
#$M( 3 A!#& $
b ) N{*($#' v? & *{ +$ '5`$ {
. f m \ &S
d̈ ¼= U'# ? d̈ ¼= £D* i $ /,?
{ / ¼= ])s
ZU )& 3' / .d? &#- ' M& K U
u
{ 4= f' (
]' \ ' )X YZ U Q & sT N'*? U$ $M,& 6
?=

? ) &U!
.\S
Self-contradictory *{ ($#' v? & Dress of beautiful

fashion
c
'
#$MT' Beginning )& 1
$
Arguments, plural of d
b U#&( f' 1 U'
#$M
Gowns, plural of *"M
& Q
{ M$& A town in South Arab d?
#%$/
Brilliant, clear *' +$ ' "s
Shawls, plural of 0e
$!)$ *{ $!' )1 They sent a delegation
&
He refuted them 3 A!#& $ It came O
1 /$$T Title of their political
leader
Q
& .' $+
They see, they realize d? &#-

' M& They conducted a
debate
d? &#V' $5& Town ' í
More than
{ / Heinous *{ +$ '5`$ Society ' ,@9
The method of the Prophet to prove the truth: The Prophet asked the Christians to pray from Allah to kill whoever
does not follow the truth. The Christians did not accept this offer but accepted to live under the Prophet’s rule.
*' ? U$ $M,& 6

“.;? '%/1
$ ]?
$)1 "@
? $ /1?$ ' 1$ $ f$ 1 ($ $,' D.~-
$ & ~4
$ 6'( <
$ $@G' 6

$ 1 ? $ ? "/$” 3 *
.*' M$'$L
*' "%4
& 6( :;. u-( “~4 $ 6
” .d #p
Å+ “<$ $@G' 6

$ 1 ? $ ? "/$” :¼+> .
]F
)@
.]{ # & +( ]D "#$ ;F '51 @
“? /$” ? . Z £{0` & +( D$` Ï ¦&%/& ? "/$ dF #p

.“/” . Z ]D T
*D +$ $! K? $ /$ ;F %1/

46( ¦>' #& 'p"@
.
{ FZ4$,(' *b p? j+$ @$& 0 M
<@G
f ' À
' ': ' “À(” . ' 0 M

1.
{ ¼= ~+$ @$$ K N # ' #4'( $,U' ' T f' 1 ?&+8$ ¼= ~+$ $> . /z “? "/$” Ï( & j+$ @$>$ K
ZU £{
\S N u { ~-$ & \& S d? G d f& G' ,& K /z £b*? p' @$5& \S ]b $ jY$ & b T “.-”
2 .'#1 L$ u
& ~- ' s' 85 u & ~- / $5+ N'?p@'/K
3+( ' ). .)' &3,$%6
.
.*' ?"5$,& 6
Q
' @&GF
f '5+ “' 1$ $ f$ 1 ($ $,'” : ¼+> .

m= d' $@L$ F $ )' $ ' /1"
$ )' $ f' *b jp@$r )& 5
0
U5+ ]F
)@
“;%1/
]
)@
/”
.'\L' dF $,@'G
0' "r( & '#+"@
U N'*$)' "@
f ]b m? &E} ]F
)@
: ;. ...& )& $/ O$#$ E$
)& 3,%6
.J & ")$ ,& 6
F .
ZU N a { $ = _ { #-> \
' S f c ' $41' $>
' ')$+$ ]'
)@
#Y d}G
“.i $ p' "@,& 6 '
D#Y6 m' $ 0| $:
' $ d? ?.#1 8F 6
d? &)$U$ $& $51 >$ 1 p? ?$ ” : ¼+> p z
p

.]
)@
Å+ [48 : 0M/z
]
1. It is a grammatical issue. Two objects of (+@ ;+) ? "/$ are described already i.e. one is and other is <@G
.
Third object is not possible. Therefore, À( is not related to the word /. It is related to an omitted word > .
2. .- is an adverb emphasizing that the Quran is testifying the Torah and the Gospels.
Something presented in a
vague manner

' ')$+$ Adverb b T By installments ¦&%/&
Something explained
metaphorically
c
' $41' $> With emphasis ]b $ jY$ & Coming down
gradually
;F '51 @
Determination _
{ #-> Igniting the firelock ' /1"

$ )' $ At this point ' À
' :
'
Clarification a
{ $= Equivocation, vague
statement
*' $)' "@
Explanation #& 'p"@
Disputed J
& ")$ ,& 6
Presenting vaguely
& '#+"@
Coming ¦>'
Majority )& 3,%6
Concealing dF $,@'G
It adds +8 to a verb ~+$ @$$

O
1 ? %
$ /$ f$ U : ;. ...{ G? T' P{ + ;F ;§ ...;F z
U ;1%"5
f$ ' ;b += ;F §

;F /z £ Z( ;F §
",s & ....X GT PX ( J X #' H$@s& ;§ £&@1 $ #$ H$@

m= 0y r
: ;. .*' "/'$#As

*' L$
f ;F %1/
]F
$)"@
:;. ...0| :
¦)/ 3 & +$ " 3? & $ #E
....d? &' G? /= *' /#s( ;F %1/
& j
$ X '`$ <
X
?Z$ 1 3& ? ' j
c
' $¥(
&#8? Y? f$ Z' j
jd=' d? ?.#1 8F 6
? $ /1?$ ¦ &U F;M1 .? f1 ' ” 4 *
' "5'
“.P{ ?p@'/1
Fm X '$
£$f1 kp@$,& 6

' 5' $U& #& p@
:) f(
. “ ' "5'
¦ &U” dF #p
'5+ “;F M1 .? f1 ' ” : ¼+> .
' “ ¦ &U” .1Ã ' $H6
$ 'm? ¼= P& +

?ZU$ "!#& [2 : ]#pM
] “i $ p' "@,& 6 '
¦ &U” ]' #pM
' !
.Pp> . .d #p
“d? ?.#1 8F 6
” .' $46
Q & -$/ ' :
“.0' $,"s
' K$ x
' )1 zy
' 0e 1 `$ ' 1 ? $ ?8H
1 $ K $ j
jd='” 5 *
dY ,'( & '+

3 .#X 1 Y d' #p
' & F ?$ £';'-8"@
0' `z( ¼+> ' ,' f$ ³
X E$
ZU
.0y `z
' '8H$> &U { ?= f& ( ' ¦3?= $s' dF G G £?dFG$ K d? FG$
“.& 'G4
$ 6
& '+$ 6
$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K 0 $r$
$ 1 Y? P' $T)1 zy
' 1 YF )& ~-
$ & 'Zj
$ U& ” 6 *
' #' r
$ M$ ' #' '-$> f ¼+> #$ M$E “1 YF )& ~- $ & 'Zj
$ U& ” : ¼+> . :¼K
Ï d' $@?}?s$ '
¼= ')$ f ]' )A-
u & ?p@'`
.( & T$
$#@$$ ,' 3/z N *,1T#
f ' T$ #'
;F c ' &3Az
P' $T)
.*' ?$U ' M'` ¼= *b ? R' ])- £ & ?$
m=
ZY
1. An important issue of the Quranic Exegesis is to determine the “General P” and “Specific ÃE” words of the
Quran. It is common in Arabic to use general words for specific people or things. Here the word 5
is although
general but its meaning are specific i.e. ip@
.
Deriving something u
& ?p@'`
He designs form )& ~-
$ & Origination ;1%"5
It is inclined to & ?$ Making picture,

designing
#' '-$> Something coming out J'#H$@s
Inclined to something *b ? R' Human being #' r
$ M$
Syriac, an ancient
language
*' "/'$#A
Its similar ' M'` They become merciful
to each other
& T$
$#@$$ Inkalyon, the name of
Gospels in Syriac
d? &' G? /=

N$f')"-
$ ,& 6
f' $s' d̈ N?d
#%/$ )-/ A!"#
$35',': ' N¼+> & q+> *F
ZU
*/
....d5
²À
]' ) ' #' -@
a ' #` ¼= ¼+> )$ $` .;b .' $ & #& G' 5& K ,' m
¼= N{*U$ $ *{ #{ -?. { x { $($ !{
$' _
{ MF. f{ sT f '5+ “0 $r$ $ 1 Y? ” : ¼+> .

)$ ~- $ & K $ E K “$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K” : ¼+> . F ...]' !$ $+"s
0' ?p~r
f m \S
K Z “& '+$ 6
” .)X "-
$ & U
)¦ ~- $ & ¦3?= $s dG G N ' @'"/'
$T$ ;! m
.#-@
f$ ' #$ Y? m? ,'( A7E$
ZU N & G' 4&,6
*,G46
“& 'G4 $ 6
” .Q
& ?$L&
1c
X $3('$r@$& #& E$ F$ < ' $@G' 6
APF "fU& c X ,$ G? 4 1 & c X $ & 51 ' < $ $@G' 6

$ 1 ? $ ? $ /1? 'Zj
$ U& ” 7 *
jK=' & ? '}6 >$ & ? +1 $ $ $ ' ' '}6 >$ 0y $L@'(1
$ *' 5$@1 8' 6
0y $L@'1(
& 51 ' $ ($r
$ >$ $ d? &+M'"@' nb 12$ 1 3' ('F.F ' f$ 'Zj
"}??
“.<' M$6zy
FF jK=' #& jYjZ$ $$ $5~()$ ' 51 ' 1f' ;´ YF ' (' "5$ d? FFp$ ' 6 +' 6
' d? &H'
"#
$ & j
:;? R'$s$ [s> w É,?] & s'> '

'Zj
$ U& ”

) > : O. 35
:) *rR f : ¼z
Ï1
f$ Z
&@?)$
m=” :

) . O. N*
“...< $ $@G' 6
$ 1 ? $ ? $ /1?
“.&U&)Z? T
& U& ",$ fZ
'?} & 5' $ ($$r>$ d? &+M'"@$
J
' )$ !$ ¼= $3@$/

m= ÜT N ){ ,'T U * ¯ 'r O & 5FY : . QS ¯ f
J
$ )'
$E$
& ) ZU” : ;. “#
ZU ” : p £b*($&-5$ & &)
m $ r$!' $ % ' s
O4$> @?. "#`$ N)5
<Y N)5
<Y N')"5
< &
j YF ” :* ( p “.u '
#+
f' '3(' 0 $%$
. àp“.@. &3? @$.? f1 ,$ ' ØF N 0' ,s
k;V'
Flags, heads, plural of )

& &) Handicap, disability *{ U$ $ One whose face is
designed
)& "-
$ ,& 6
Fixed, installed *b ($&-5$ Distress, unhappiness 0' ?p~r

Ugliness _
{ MF.
Dogs <
& jYF Success, happiness ]' !$ $+"s
Blackness !{
$'
Blessed is … ØF Stairs J
' )$ !$ Whiteness x
{ $($

P'
;' U f
/Y 3/= N 3? *,1T)” :. “* ( $ 'GM& ” : Op G( Ë
Ë .c
#E ¼= “c X ,$ G? 4 1 & c X $ & 51 ' <$ $@G' 6
$ 1 ? $ ? $ /1? 'Zj
$ U& ” ?#$ .? Ë £5
&#$ H
$
.[105 : d
#, ] “.c & $5~M$6
& U& 0y $ $ ' +1 ($ f1 '
F8? @$E1
$
F."#8? >$ f$ 'Zj?Y
&/FG>$ K$” #.
f & @$+',$ 0{ ` P $ '$#(' & FFp>$ 0e `” :O & . “.+/” :. “1 0KU U !* ( ” : Op
' ) f &@+,$ ;( !0#%?
m= É= 0e '#% $ ?
m= É= : p “

)
“.M K O K w,$E K () K ¢ K i># K ]D "#$ \ & S

? ) O & +,$ : . F 3?. “@$,- $ ? K=” :. N'$/mF F ' ' $+M$ :
' &U#& R'$ *' "5%
$ 6
' ]b T
*D .? #' i+M $T= ;? R
#= &5($ O 1 .? "#8? >$” : p
“.)5
' U#R *5È
' ]b T
ND]T
*z
ZU 3 jd$ '@$? )' "5
f( #( p £] {

. c3'(r@
c,G4&,6
' 0 ,+
$ ? @$E
:*/
Ï2
d #p
~ f c,G4,6
” : ,&U\S )
d'8 'M+r
' . '@$p& U N
M

#$ ?}$@
,' ;b M , ¼= { Tz fG ? & ('$r@$,& 6
\s8> $5+ 3 F}> $ #' &
J
$ &}$ J $ &} J ' &#E& N'*$ "s
P& $.' O
' . ;F m : 3+( . N 'pE d! ,+( ¼+>
' ;. f& s $ T
ZU : O. “.)' $ As
;' R'
' *' +$ jvp? ,& 6

' &#4
& 6
4$/ N$s' ' "

d #p

ZU ? / ¼+>
d” E f( (#
f ]' #?pM$
]' ) ;R
' $5".? . .(r@
....À
“...0y $` { +( 5' #$ ?}$@
1. The Khawarij was a sect at the time of the Companions of the Prophet
. They revolted against Caliph
A’li 5
:) and killed a lot of Muslims. They also assassinated A’li as well. They used to declare the Companions
of the Prophet, as infidel.
Worth Reading
What is ostentation and how it ruins the good deeds of a religious person?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0002-Ostentation.htm
He made it specific to #$ ?}$@

All of them U#R They split into sects
F."#8? >$
The letters written at start
of the Quranic Surahs.
*' +$ jvp? ,& 6
A number of ] It will definitely add jd$ '@$?

Do you know?
The issue of (r@ verses is very serious. Nobody has seen the Hereafter. It is not possible to describe its
details because the words to describe the objects of Hereafter are not yet developed. Therefore,
metaphorical language is used to describe the objects of Hereafter. Let us explain it with an example. If
we have to describe inventions e.g. airplane, bulb, computer etc. of the modern world to the people of
ancient ages (say those living in 1000BC), we have no other option except to use metaphorical language.
We shall describe the airplane as an ‘iron bird’, bulb as a ‘lamp without oil’, the computer will be
described as an ‘artificial brain’ etc. It will be a senseless exercise for our audience (people living in the
year 1000BC) to debate about details of the iron bird or the lamp without oil or the artificial brain
because he has not seen that. If they will do so, they will never be able to conceptualize the real airplane,
bulb or computer.
The objects of the Hereafter are described in the same way. People with firm knowledge already knew
that it is not possible to conceptualize the objects of the Hereafter. They did not conduct any debate on
their details and believed in it a brief manner. But some religious sects who wanted to distort the message
of the Quran started explaining such objects in their literal meanings. Their explanations were so illogical
like the interpretation of the people in our examples if they try to draw a picture of an iron bird. Their
picture will definitely be much different from the airplane of our times.
Some sects declared the entire Quran as “metaphorical” in order to interpret it in their own way. Some
sects who wanted to prove their views from the Quran considered a verse G4& is it was supporting their
views and declared it (r@ if it was rejecting their self-created views. Their opposite sects did the same.
Some examples of these sects are as follows:
1. Zanadaqah: It was a sect of the middle ages having atheistic views. They used to question the
reliability of the Quran by referring to the objects of the Hereafter.
2. Qaramatah & Batiniyyah: A sect of the middle ages. They used to interpret the Quran in their own
way that was contradictory to even the teachings of the Prophet
. They used to interpret
] as visiting their leader, P as refraining from the things forbidden by their leader, ]Y2 as the
obligatory payment to their leader and ²T as participating in their annual convocation.
3. Mujassamah: A sect of the middle ages who used to suppose a body for God similar to a human
being.
This was the attitude of “People having problem in their hearts” as mentioned in these verses. We seek
refuge of Allah from it. We should follow the attitude of the Companions 35
:) of the Holy Prophet

. They used to believe in such verses without conceptualizing the objects of the Hereafter.
Other than these objects, all verses of the Quran are G¾ and provide us with the firm guidance.

d #p
' & ' É=” :M f(K ;b ) . :. \M f( + f )HM
) Ó : *
$ $s/1? ?”: . () “U ” : . “."? $

“.d? F0y $s@$$ K$ Z{ '$ 1 $ 1 3& 5$1 ($ < & ' @$H$> 0`
K$” :. (<) [27:c-
] “.d? F0y $s@$$ { +1 ($ ?$ 1 3& & +1 ($ ;? M$.6 ?$ ” : . [101 :d5
]
'
,@Y p [23:P+/z
] “.i $ Y' #' r
1 & "5YF $ $5~()$ ' j
$” :. [42:0s5
] “.D'T$ $ j
d? &,@&G6 $
.*
ZU
$3? 1 ? ©$ v? S6 ?$ .$U
"s $ ? $3G? ,1 $ $ ? )$ .$U$5($ 0 $,"s
P1 ? Dp6E$ A`$ ? 1 @&/1??” :c25
' (Ï)
' E ;M. 0' ,s
& $E #YZ [30Ó27 :c25
] “$U$T!$ $ 'm? $ +1 ($ x $ )1 zy
$ .$U$4: & J $ #$ E1 ?$
A<)$ $ 'm?
D!
$/? & ? d? F+$ %
1 >$$ f' 1 $ 1 $ ' x$ )1 zy
$ ? E$ 'Zj'( d? &#8F G6 @$? 1 GF "5R'? ” :. Ë N'x)z
0|
$$ P{ "? *' +$ ($)1 ? ' $3>$
$.6 ? $3' )$ ".? $ $3' $ )$ $($ $3.' 1 ? f1 ' $ '
$)$ $3' ;? +$ $ $ .i $ ,' ?$+6
x' )1 Ä y '$ $3? ? ?p? D1? $@'R6

' x' )1 Ä y '$ $3? ? ?p? db $E!& $ U' $ 0' $,"s
?=' $@$1
"F .i $ ' R'"s'
E ;? M. x ' )z
& E
ZU ' #YZ [11Ó9:O-] “i $ +' R'? $51 >$? $@??. DU1#Y? 1 ? D1? $@'R6
'
D+',$ & j
d? ?Y$ ” .[158:0s5
] “D,'GT$
D'$ & j
d? ?Y$ ” (!) .“i $ +' R'?” :. .0,s
1 . Ë dY /}G [134:0s5

] “
D\'-($
1. The person identified four areas of the Quran where he had a misconception that there is a contradiction: (a) The
first issue was that in one verse of the Quran, it is described that there will not be any relationship on the Day of
Judgment among the people and they will not talk to each other while at other place, it is described that they will
argue with each other. (b) The second issue was that it is mentioned in the Quran nobody will be able to conceal
anything from Allah while at other place, it is mentioned that the pagans will claim falsely that they were not
polytheists. (c) The third issue was that at one place in the Quran, it is mentioned that the heavens were created
before the earth and at other occasion, the reverse is described. (d) The fourth issue was that past tense is used to
describe Allah’s attributes. It means that now such attributes are not active. Ibn A’bbas satisfied that person.
O you both! Come $@'R6

' He spread it $U$T!$ They will argue each
other
d? F0y $s@$$
Willingly D1? Associates
D!
$/? Its roof $3G? ,1 $
Unwillingly DU1#Y? Unshakeable
mountains
$ '
$)$ He leveled it $U
"$
Those who are willing i
$ +' R'? Its food $3>$
$.6 ? He created darkness ©
$ v? S6 ?
It passed Smoke, something in
gaseous state
db $E!& Its day light $U$4:
&

' f$ $ +$ -
$ )' A-
'
& 8' 5& F N?z
'*H
$ 8"5
' “1 3& 5$1 ($ <
$ $s/1? ?” () :
{ "M$ f& (
p
' Ë £d0s@ K m 5 35( < $ s/ N
0` f K= x)z
' f c
,s
.d0s@ +( 3+( ;? M$. ]#E

*' H8$5
ÃE
;Uz #& 8' L$ y
d̈ “D'T$ $ j
d? &,@&G6 $ K$” “i
$ Y' #' r
1 & "5YF $” : . (<)
& v' 5&@ '3U'

$ @$H
$ “.iY#r fFG/$ ? :p/
?$+>$” : dY#r
. N&3($&/mF

/Y
#8Y fZ
A!$ $ 5 N DT & @$G& K
d $ #' & m 5+ £ 3',}( '3T' )'
$$
.i,s
Ë Ni ' c {
,$ $ M fU
s 0,s
¼= @
Ë Ni ' x $ )z

$ E (Ï)
P$ ?Y
)$ %`z
? $M% ' 6
3' E N$#$,6
0y ,6
35 J $ #$ E} $3v? s
$ ($ x)z
$T!$
' 3' x& )z
O 1 p? ' H
& “.$U$T!$ $ 'm? $ +1 ($ x
$ )1 zy
$” :. Z £f$#E i ' 35(
.i ' 0,s
Op'E& NP *+()

d̈ £ZY F
$& K 6 $ $ ? N m & s & 8/ '5+ “D,'T)$
D)F8S? & j
d? ?Y$ ” : . (!)
1.
' 5 f
D YF d £ d #p
& ' @$H$ $ 4$ 1$ .!$
$) Z
( < $ $ K= D` !1 #$ $ ?
1. The response of Ibn A’bbas was: (a) No discussion will be at the time of the first blow of the trumpet when people
will become alive. After the second blow, they will talk to each other and will try to shift the responsibility of sins to
each other. (b) The pagans will try to deceive Allah but will not be successful. (c) Allah created the earth first in two
days (1 day of Allah = 1000 years of our world), then He created the heavens and then finalized the construction of
the earth. (d) The objective of dY in describing Allah’s attributes is that they are with Him from ever.
Hills, plural of *,Y P$ ?Y

It will speak & v' 5&> The blow of trumpet on
the Day of Judgment
*' H
$ 8"5
It did not disappear 6 $ $ ? Body organs, plural of

*T) a')
$$ It will be blown
& 8' 5&
It does not reach !1 #$ $ ? He will wish A!$ $ He shocked $ +$
$
Woe on you!
$ 4
$ 1$ Pasture, vegetation $#$,6
Mouths, plural of '


£'P

' z
f' $ O
1 ?$ $ 3/z “#& E$ F”
1 #' -$> ? “c
X $3('$r@$& #& E$ F$ ” :¼+> . :*+(
#
Ï4
P
z
'#%$ f O , £ #' L$ ~-
#' M$G' Y P
z( *b 8? ' d? G> d 3? d̈z
1 .
& #"-
O' +$ 5$$
d+M@'” #& M1 H$ 6
N20'
@(K( X $) “fZ
” “nb 12$ 1 3' ('F.F ' f$ 'Zj
"}?? ” :¼+> . :*sÁ
Ï5

m= ¦L$2 nF '$ Û
?
$2 :p .)& -(z
OS
2 N&w,r
OS
2 5 £ ;F $,6
nF '"
“.5 (r>
;F Y A+' >$ *F
ZU .[5 : -
] “1 3& ($F.F & j
Û ?
$2?
FS
$2 ",? ? ” :¼+> . 5 £$-?p
$ #$ >$
¼= O' .
m ' 3'( ]F )`
O/Y d= N{*$ '( Q ' T ;{ U { /2 #{ Y f' *{ 8R
....d
#%$/ )-/
( 5&H` . “' ' '}6 >$ 0y $L@'(1
$ *' 5$@1 8' 6
0y $L@'(1
& 51 ' $ ($$r>$ $ d? &+M'"@'” :¼+> . : *!s
Ï6
d' #p
' ' 'Gr$@ M¦ & &+,$ %$ & &+M$"@$ d H$ K ' ('r@&,6
&+M'"@& :
*,1T) M+
#$ U'
$V? !' ?p@'K ¦M £'d #p
' d? &5' jv
4 *F v? '
$#p?
3 *F .? !' /
& @1 ? +$ ? ,Y N'P
+
' :=
@T *F ",' s'%6
&#U' ?V ,' *5s
<@G
'
+,$ fZ
5 *F ,$ "s% $ ,& 6
1@+ ,Y N ' ('$r@$,& 6
;{ ') Q { 5$$ { i { { c &

m ]b )$ "- ]b ) X "s% $ & X s' ¼+> ¡)M
d̈
&p? @$
...3'/+ a' $= 3>'}> 0'

$(= *' 3$ ' +M@ £m f
¼+> N{M
1. The word #& E
$ F should have an
because it is a proper noun. But there is no
because the word is #-5 \S. See
Level 2 for details.
2. The word fZ
is
@M while 5 (r> d+M@' is its ³E.
3, 4, 5. See the “Did you know” box before to know the details of such sects.
Worth Reading: What is glamour and what is its impact on human personality?
Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0011-Glamor.htm
Literal meanings #$ U'

$V? Inclination ;F $,6
It is not a #-5 noun #-> ?
The process of inventing
from self
0'
$(= Inventing something in
the religion
*{ $ '( It is refrained from f O
1 ?$ $
Creating doubts
' 'Gr$> Applying '#%$
Deviating ' := It is a
@M 0'
@(K

:
$ 'pY N\s8@
$5+å dG ;F '}$@
... “& j
jK=' & ? '}6 >$ & ? +1 $ $$ ” :¼+> . :*+(s
Ï7
:
p 0' 3p8

& +( & "T$ . ...= #& z
F "$ & $5+å dG .
ZY *' ,$ ' G
' Z' U ;F }>
$ 1)$ K” pY £ 8
d( \s8@ .5$ J
Q { )E ;{ ( !{ -p ' 8
' { $,@'T
0
$(= U
....dF M
U #' s8
f ."`$ K [2 : ]#pM
] “' '
c$ ¼+>
;? +$ $ . :¯vH6
. ...“' 6 +' 6
' d? &H'
"#
$” :¼+> . :*5
Ï8
$ (r@
d̈ } ...£¦3('r@ ¦,G4& :i,s. ' ,'( ' -@
( d' ,1( $/#'F Z
' ('@Y
iH
#
;
$5 Ë N $\S X T ?}> 1 + N,+(
#$ ?}$@
. <@G
f
:^& &#$
... 05

p4 ' @$s$ ? 35 d' o
*F "4 ' K .( "5$ dp 3/}( +
'
£'x)z
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;F M%6
$ $ #$ d P'
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& $ #$ db Q
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& $ $
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F T
& p' $ f& ' &
ZU p “< $ $M6z

FF jK= #& jYjZ$ $$ ” :. F
“” .Q? ;p+ ;. Z £&- & 'E 0{ ` ;' Y AQ .;p+
U N Q? Fm K= ' ('r@
.Fm & ,$
Do you know?
Nomad Arabs used to live in tents. Their “tent” is also a favorite topic of their literature. When
a tribe had to move to another location in search of water and grazing lands, they used to pack
their tents and move to another location. The remnants of their stay are also a favorite topic of
their poetry because it recalls their memories of the time spent with their beloved who has
moved with her tribe.
Love ]D "!$ & He made it specific to #$ ?}$@

It is interpreted as F "$ &
Name of woman famous
for her love with w.
They deserve
p4
' @$s$ He limited "T$
He stands
& p' $ Firmness, establishment c
& &M?
Doubt, possibility { $,@'T
Wisdom, logic Q? Bodies, objects P'

$#z
Desired !{ -p

' “.<
& "U$ 6
O
$ /1?
$ "/=' *D ,$ T1 )$
$ /1& ? f1 ' 5$? Q
1 U$ $ $5@$1$ U$ m6 =' $ +1 ($ $5($F.F Û
6 ' >& K $5"()$ ” 8 *
ZU .“dp” & #& 'p$> NXZT PG

' “$5($F.F Û 6 ' >& K $5"()$ ” : ¼+> . Ó ¼z
:d@}s
1 .“,¾ ;.” $5+
dG d 2 & &%$ .iH
#
f *b GT
¼=
1 3& ? p? 5$ d
$U$ . d? F$H$
&/?G? N'f
f' $ ;b $ !X s Q ' ?p
*F S?
$2= :p
' ,z
f 3 ;F pF $ ,'( '3'@$M& K
1 U&
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&/FG d <
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$2 ",? ? ” Ê £ 3$(.
nF '&'
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U $5@~M? [5 : -
] “1 3& ($F.F
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m=

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? ) :Op “.'5! 'M. O 1 ~M?
P$ ?. 0y $` f$, '
$ ('$ f f' 1 +$ M$ i( & M&. K= ! w /= !*, P ” : . “.5!
“.Û
?
$2 0` f
1. In Arabic, it is a common practice to omit the understood words. A prayer is directly started after describing the
attitude of +
Ò dH
#
. Here a phrase is omitted i.e. “They say” or “O Muhammad, you should say”. The
reason of such omission is that the person who is listening may assume that providing too much details is a ridicule
on his level of intelligence. This results in ineffectiveness of a communication.
Prayer c
' &5pF
They fail
&%
' +& Deviating *F S?
$2=
Quranic Surahs from – u
People who revolted during
caliphate of Abu Bakr
]' "!~#
;' U 5
;"-8? ,& 6
He tests '@$M&
One who changes Q
$ kp? & I came near to c
& &/!$ It becomes heavy for ;F pF $

Q
{ M f$ K
D A8? >$ M. f '5 f' “*D ,$ T1 )$
$ /1& ? f1 ' $5? Q
1 U$ $ ” : ¼+> . Ï */
.a
X )& v$> P& ? s'@

ZU ' .;{ , K "5'
P
_@8( N$34 &- $ U Nd5
P' $

~: $ P'
_ ' @8( “d6 & ?” :c
X $LF & ($) “jd& ?” '
P
_@8( £[d? 1 F] d5
_@

P P
( £[& ?] d5
ZT

:
*
Z3'( d? F"Mr
$ @$$ *' "5'' $M
*' .? !$ $/$2 1*' ' $-@$,& 6
F "3& j;+$ ? .[d? 1 ?] d5
_@

dG
u
'
$)z
Q' @$GF
' #& q5
N{Qs?Y #' 1 S f 0|
$@'(

& M$U$ $ & +
:dp' 3F
.:

ZU ' & /$$($ Ð} !X &!#$
ZU .< X $%T'
)& "-$ @$$ c '
Z
*' 8?
' ¼= *b +
) *? ,$ T1 #
dz N'*,1T#
f
D)! D,+/ 5 Q 1 U$ :*
$5+
0' $36
_
' @8( Q & U$ & ;F z
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Q & 3' $ QU$ :p .*$M3' 6
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$

O ' ? Z? T$ ,/= .;F $ 1 $ ' Z4$> ? ,Y &
$
1 Z? 4$> ? . ,Y dY & "/z }vE p
.' ? 4
$ 6

' &#T& f D#$T ' d̈z $3F Z$T & +( _
$ @$? F ]' #$ s?Y 0' $ i( $3' F.& '
&3~4 $ & &3F' ( “.!$ $+',6
& ' H1 & K $ j
jd=' ' ' Q
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& ' $
$ "/=' $5"()$ ” 9 *
& ,$ ' $ Z

;F }@
U
ZU :J & $A
. .*' p
P ' +$M( )&
#.=
ZU ' N'3.' A#8? >$ +(
.& &#G? / @T ' +$M
#' f 3 $ ($$r>$
&+M$">
fZ
$ ?$E N (
A#.? d? H
#
.' $
f$ ' b $+8' !& $+,6
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' & F $ $4& O 1 $ "p? >$ . N Ar $
Q & "#

1. It is a false belief of ignorant Sufis & some other sects like Bataniyyah that the real knowledge is given by Allah
directly to His slaves. The knowledge obtained from the books is a hindrance to the true knowledge. The author is
refuting this view.
Veil, hindrance <

X $%T' The most eloquent _
&-$ From Your own
$ /1& ?
Rejected !X &!#$ The most ignorant people F "3& Kindly
D A8? >$
One who will bring people
out of graves i.e. Allah

F ' ( They adhere to d? F"Mr
$ @$$ Surrendering P&
? s'@
One who will give people

life after death i.e. Allah
~4
$ & Pages, plural of u) u
'
$)z
Exchange a
X )& v$>

Lesson 9A: Words as the First Source Letter
Dear Reader!
We have already discussed that if anyone of the source letters is Treat your subordinates gently.
or , it results in certain changes in the derived verbs and nouns.
If the first source letter is or , it is called . Mostly the changes occur if the first source letter is . The
detailed rules are as follows:
• If the first source letters is , it is deleted in P+ [), in most of the cases. For example:
Q
& 3$ $ Q
& U$ 1 $ :< ! •
• You have already learnt that !#9 has six groups due to the movement on their *,Y [. The above
mentioned rule is applicable if that particular set of source letters belongs to the groups < $ #$ : $ N&_@$8$ _
$ @$?
Q
& s
' 4$ Q
$ s
' T$ N&<#' $. It is also applicable, if the source letters belong to the group & ,$ s$ $ ,' $ and one of
the source letters is either of d P ) (to remember you can call them d#). There is no example of
a set of source letters from #& - & 5$ #$ -
$ /$ with its first source letter . The above mentioned rule is not
applicable, if the source letters belong to P& #& G$ P$ #& Y
? . For example, for the source letters ! a , the rule will
not be applicable.
& T& 1 $ & T& 1 $ :! a ! •
• It is difficult to memorize the above-mentioned rule. For simplicity, remember that if there is a dhammah
on *,Y [ and the *,Y is , the will not be deleted in the P+ [), other wise it will be
deleted.
• If the *,Y is , it is not deleted.
#& s
$ 1 $ #& s
$ 1 $ :) ! •
• In 39 [), the will not be deleted.
& T$ 1 & & T$ 1 & :! a ! •
• If the is silent in any word and its preceding letter is carrying a kasrah, it will be replaced by . For
example, in the P+ #:T #.
;6 %
$ 1= ;6 $ 1 = | 1 4
$ 1= 1 T$ 1 = •
• Similarly, if the is silent in any word and its preceding letter is carrying a dhammah, it will be replaced
by . The reason for these rules is obvious that is associated with dhammah and is associated with
kasrah and the reverse is difficult to speak. For example:
'.1 & 'p1 & :+= <( Ná u ! •

• In +@
<(, the is replaced by c, and then merged into c of +@= <(. For example:
;? -
$ ">
;? -
$ @$>1
;? -
$ >$1
:+@
<( N Ã ! •
• The above mentioned rule is also applicable to , but it is not mandatory. Therefore, both options are
equally allowed. It is rare that a set of source letters having as their *,Y is also used in Ï+@= <(.
For example, both of the following is correct:
#$ s
$ ">
#$ s
$ @$>1
#$ s
$ @$1
:) ! •
#$ s
$ @$1= #$ s
$ @$1= :) ! •
• You already know that there is no fixed rule to make the )- of !#Ï9 Ï. For certain sets of source
having as their *,Y , their )- is made by deleting the and adding ] at their end. For example:
*b +$ ' X $ $ :[ ! •
*?' ;b $ $ : Ã ! •
*$MU' Q X U$ $ : < ! •
e*?8
' X
$ $ : Ã ! •
Rule of the Day! The word Ü is used is used with [) ;+ to urge to do
something. It is called #4@
#T. If it is used with : ;+, it
expresses regret. It is called t5@
#T e.g. #' ', & 6
¼= FGr$> Ü (You
should complain to the manager?), #' ',
& 6
¼= & >$?G`$ Ü (You should have
complained to the manager).
Similarly NK NK̈ NK are also used for the same purpose.
Do you know?
Due to continuous state of war, Arabs did not have any system of formal education.
Their poetry and prose (art of public speech) was a product of war. Therefore,
different genres of their literature is related to war. For example: P (the genre
describing war incidents and the bravery of tribal warriors), %U (the genre for
condemning the enemies and expressing their ill-feelings for them), ) (the poetry
to fire up emotions against the enemy), etc.

See the following example. Changes are shown in the red color. Make \MY # yourself:
(u u ]!) \
X L'
$
X #$
+@= <( !#9
b $-~>
' b $->$1
' ;b
$ $ ;b
$ $ )-
;? -
$ ">
' ;? -
$ >$1
' ;?
$ $ ;?
$ $ P+ :
;? -
' A>
F ;? -
' >&1
F ;?
' & ;?
' & 39 :
;F -
' "@$ ;F -
' >$$ ;F -
' $ ;F
' 1 $ P+ [)
;F -
$ "@& ;F -
$ >$& ;F
$ 1 & ;F
$ 1 & 39 [)
;6 -
' ">
' ;6 -
' >$1
' ;6
' ;6
' 1
P+ #:T #
;6 -
' "@$' ;6 -
' >$$' ;6 -
' $' ;F
' 1 $' P+ QRS #
;6 -
$ "@&' ;6 -
$ >$&' ;6
$ 1 &' ;6
$ 1 &' 39 #
;b -
' "@& ;b -
' >$1 $ ;b
'
$ ;b
'
$ ;
;b -
$ "@& ;b -
$ >$1 $ b &1 $ b &1 $ +8
Face the Challenge!

Describe the rules of changes in words in case
2,3 mentioned in the previous lessons.

Test Yourself
Translate the Arabic sentences into English. The meaning of )- and necessary vocabulary re
provided below. You have to describe the change process of words mentioned in red color. Also make
the \MY \L # for these words.
Å+ á8 ! Å+ á8 !

To entrust, to
assign
;F G' $ ;? Y? $ To grant, to give Q
& 3$ $ Q
$ U$ $ <
To rely ;b Y $ >$ To join, to connect ;F -
' $ ;?
$ $ Ã
To leave )& Z? $ )$ m? $ )m To place, to give
birth, to release
&
$ $ $ :
$ $ [x
To admonish
F +' $
? $ $ á[ To find & %
' $ $ $ $ !J
To enter, to
penetrate
²
& ' $ ²
$ ?$ J To be certain f& p' 1 $ f$ p' $ du
To cause
something to enter
J
X = To believe db ?p=
To carry, to bear
a burden
)& ' $ )$ 2$ $ )2 To believe db ?p'@=
To be / become
easy
#& s
' $ #$ s
$ $ ) To be afraid ;F $ $ ;? ' $ J
To make easy \
Xs' $> To promise & +' $ $ $ $ ![
Worth Reading
The Report of Transparency International and a Hadith. This article is an
eye-opening writing on the condition of Muslim Ummah.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0004-Transparency.htm

Change English '(#

O
$ /1?
$ "/=' *D ,$ T1 )$
$ /1& ? f1 ' $5? Q
1 U$
Q
1 U$ Q
1 U$ 1
_____ us from Your side, verily
You are _____.
<
& "U$ 6
They cut what Allah has

instructed to _____.
$ & d6 ? ' (' & j
#$ $ ? $ d? &+v? p6 $
;?
_____ him Isaac and Jacob. <
$ Fp+1 $$ $ 4
$ 1 =' & ? $5M1 U$ $
The period of the pregnant is

f$ +1
$ $ d6 ? "f3& F $ ? ' $,T1 zy
c
& K1F
when _____ to what they carry.
"f3& ? ,1 T$
____ a daughter to whom He f1 ,$ ' Q
& 3$ $ $ D$/=' 0 $r$ f1 ,$ ' Q
& 3$ $
wills and ____ a son to whom
He pleases. )$ FYZ
0 $r$
____ the balance of justice on
the Day of Judgment.
*' $ $p' 6
P' 1 $' µ
?s1 p' 6
f$ '2
$,$ 6
&
$ /$
So whatever is for their false ?=' ;F -
' $ ? 1 3' R'?Y#$ r & ' d? ?Y $,?
gods does not ____ to Allah and
whatever is for Allah, that is ?=' ;F -' $ $ 3& ? ' j' d? ?Y $$ ' j
____ to their false gods. What an

evil decision they make. d? &,GF 41 $ $ 0y $ 1 3' R'?Y#$ `&
____ their heavy burdens from '@j
? 6Szy
$ 1 U& #$
1 =' 1 3& 51 $ &
$ $
them and yokes that were around
their necks. 1 3' 1 ? $ O
1 /$?Y
Worth Reading
What is Jealousy and what is its impact on human personality? Read
more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0012-
Jealousy.htm

Change English '(#

The earth will shine by the $ :
' & $ $3~()$ )' &5(' x
& )1 zy
O
1 .? #$ `1 ?$
light of its Lord and the book
will be _____. <
& $@G' 6
They will not ____ a protector

or a helper.

D\'-/$ K$ D'$ d? &%
' $ K
They denied it wrongfully but
_____ in it in their hearts.
D,6VF 1 3& s
& 8F /1? $3@1 5$p? 1 @$1
$ $3('
&4
$ $ $
Have He not _____ you an
orphan then He provided you a $¥? D,'@$ $ 1 %
' $ 1 ??
shelter?
They said, “Don’t _____. We
are providing you goods news
for having a knowledgeable
{ '$ P{ &L(' $ #& ~rM$/& "/=' ;6 $ 1 >$ K
F?.
boy.
So whoever does not _____, he
should fast for two consecutive f' 1 +$ ('$@@$& f' 1#$ 31 `$ P& $- ' $ 1 ? f1 ,$ ?
' ? 1 %
months.
So bring to us what ____ us. $/& +' >$ $,(' $5>'}6 ?

I will definitely not ____ a
hideout from Him.

D$4@$6 & ' /'&! f1 ' $ ' ? f1 ?
Allah is enough for us and what
a Good ____!
;F 'Y$ 6
$ +1 /'$ & j
$5M&s
1 T$
So ____ in Allah and Allah is
enough ____.

D 'Y$ ' j'( ?8Y? $ ' j
?$ ;6 jY$ >$
On Hereafter, they _____. d? &5.' & 1 U& ]' #$ E'(

Change English '(#

He ____ them in their
transgression in which they d? &3,$ +1 $ 1 3' /'$L1 F ' 1 U& )& Z? $
wander.
Verily, they love the d? &)Z? $$ *? ? ' $+6

d? AM4
' & 0' K&U$ jd='
immediate life and ____ the
Heavy Day on their back.
D 'p? D1$ 1 U& 0y
$)$
____ you so that you remind
Him.
d? &#jYZ? >$ 1 GF j+$ ? 1 GF qF +' $
He knows what ____ into the
earth and what comes out of $351 ' J
& #& H
1 $ $$ x
' )1 zy
' ²
& ' $ $ & ? +1 $
it.
____ the night in the day and

' )$ $3"5
²
& '&$ )' $3"5
' ;? 1 j
²& '&
____ the day in the night.
;' 1 j
Allah ____ you not to repeat

1 @&5FY d6 ='
D$(? ' ' 6 ,' '
&!&+>$ d6 ? & j
1 GF qF +' $
it forever, if you are believers
i
$ 5'' 1 &
So that they carry _____
completely on the Day of
f1 ' $ *' $ $p' 6
P$ 1 $ *D ? ' ?Y 1 U& )$
$21 ?
F,' 4 1 $'
Judgment and from ____ of
those they have misled in
0y $ K? { 6 ' #' 1 L$ (' 1 3& /$ ' & f$ 'Zj
)'
$21 ?
their ignorance. Alas! Evil is
what _____.
d? &)' $ $
Chiefs of Pharaoh’s nation $& )& Z? >$? d? 1 $ #1 ' P' 1 .? f1 ' Ä$,6
? ?.$
said, “Do ____ Moses and his
nation so that they spread $ )$ Z? $$ x
' )1 zy
'
&s ' 86 &' & $ 1 .? $
mischief in the earth and ____
and your gods.
$ @$3$ ' $
Verily, We _____ the Quran
for admonition. So is there #{ Y' "& f1 ' ;6 3$ ? #' Y6 kZ' d? #1 pF 6
$/#1 "s$ 1 p? ?
any one who take admonition.

Lesson 9B: Kitaab ur Risalah

In this lesson, we shall study some excerpts from the first book written on I’ll not say that I failed
the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence p8
. Its author Muhammad 1000 times. I’ll say that I’ve
Ibn Idrees Al-Shafi’ (d. 204H/819CE) was one of four famous jurists of discovered 1000 ways that
Islam. He was a disciple of the founders of Hanafi & Maliki Schools of can cause failures. Don’t
Thought. He compared the both schools of thought and developed his
give up your efforts due to
Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. He described them in the form of this
failure.
book. The book is written in the style of a dialogue.
'+? $r
w
$ )!= f' ( ' ",4
$ ,& ' *?$#'
<
& $@Y'
' '+
<
& (
+
' 5
Q
& %
' $ & 6 +'
:;R. Ç p :+r
.
.& F 31 $ 'p6 <L #$ 1 S DL'( & s
$ $ K N{*" & :d,6' +
: Op
"²T$ Nd? ) #' 31 `$ P$ ' 5
d̈ Nw,H6
c '
$? "-
;F :O.
m ;6' :.
N#1,Á
*.'#"s
;1@p
/~
3 P$ "#T$ / N3'
' ]D Y2 N&?v@$

m= OM
d N3'
3s8/ f' Fv+1 & ,1+ 'p+1 $ d6 !& M'+
$ kYF ",' N
ZU $5+ ' dY

D!1 N
<@Y Ò -/$ ! +
f' Y 15~-

ZU .5 3 P$ "#T 5
8GF $
K N
) f /G14$ N3~
f f$ f 3A
$$ p5 NP
;' U 15
N'#M$H
$ 6
f' µ
F ? L$
f& G' ,& K Z
P+
+

ZU .3 ( K @GT Ò d25@
.[& 25@
2& &%$ K NF;}@
K
Their common people 3A

$$ He was made responsible
$ kYF Message, letter *?$#'
He passed They understand it 'p+1 $ He does not escape from & s

$ $ K
They narrate dG14$ They refrain from
8GF $ Sexually & mentally
mature
DL'(
They disagree d25@ Type 15~-
Theft *.'#"s
Interpretation ;F }@
In clear statement -/$ Intoxicants #1,H6

PGTz
f' ( A7H $ & N'R
#8
[ ' #F f' !M'+
< & &5$ : O. É

, :.
,/ *b 5 5' 0{ ` ' O/Y d6 = N{*"5& A7/ '#?Y ' K N{<$@Y' A7/$ ' w ,' NU'#1 S
.¦'. & )$ 1 @$s
1 & ;F }@
;F ,' @$4$ & 5' dY N'*"+
)' ME K N'*"$H6
)' M1E f' U
d? G "@T N&,6 ' 5
f D:1$ 1 M. +
< $ ¦M'
dG d
ZU &+1 $ :.
.
¦#M$E$ & $/& ' &@ N{ { 1 $ f1 ' NY#@'( { ' \
$ S $,6 $ #$ >$ f1 $ ND8' @$51 & & ,$ ' $ f1 $
.{ f' U ;6 ( : Op
f' *b )! ZU : O. µ F pF s
1 $ f1 $ f1 N&P$ 6 $ f1 $ N5 P& $ 6 $ N *? "%À
#Y6m
& 86 -
' :.
1 3& +& s
$ $ *Á
f' 3?S( ;,@T
f$ N*"Á
; Y $386 jG? & Î NF*"+
3&LF M1 >$ w +
d= N3?Y#$ >$ f,' &\S J

1 #$ 4
1 $ Î *F 8G
f1 $ 3'@"E f' Ú P.
m= N$UFkv+$ & d6 *D Y 3jY
.$3? jv$ f1 $ Ú P. f 3 ;18
N
0`
D.
ZU dG N5+ Ò D`
D³E
ZU '/1 ' 1 } :p
Do you know? In History, there are two ways to communicate a piece of information. One method is that
the information is passed by one generation to other and a large number of unconnected people transmit
it. It is called #>
>. Shaf’ii calls it *+
. The information transmitted in this way is 100% confirm and
beyond any doubts. The Prophet transmitted the Quran & the established Sunnah in this way. Another
method of transmitting information is that a few special people in each generation. It is called T

³E.
Shaf’ii calls it *Á
. The information transmitted through this way in not confirmed. That’s why it
requires further verification.
Argument *? "%À
It is followed by & )$ 1 @$s
1 & Type, dimension
It falls (it is not obligatory) µ

F pF s
1 $ Process of legal
analogy
¦'. It come upon <
& &5$
It has possibility ;,@T
[A word without
meaning]
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Worth Reading
What is the relationship between the revelation and the intellect? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0007-Revelation.htm
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Worth Reading
What is the significance of Character in building a nation? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0001-Character.htm
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Worth Reading!
What are the Quranic teachings about defamation? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0006-Defamation.htm
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1. “Al-Khabr ul Wahid” means a Hadith narrated by a single person. Mistakes or intentional manipulation is
expected in a Hadith narrated by a single person, therefore, such Hadith is acceptable if it is fulfilling the conditions
mentioned by Shaf’ii.
2. “Tadlees” is an unacceptable practice of a narrator of Hadith. For example, the Narrator A heard a Hadith from
the Narrator B who heard it from another Narrator C. Now, in order to reduce the steps in the chain of narrators, A
gives an impression that he has heard that Hadith directly from C by saying vague words e.g. “Reported by C”. It is
considered a type of deception and that Hadith is not considered acceptable.
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1. “Qiyaas” is the process of legal analogy by comparison. For instance, liquor drinks are forbidden in Islam due to
their intoxication. By applying the process of legal analogy, all those items will be declared forbidden which contain
intoxication e.g. heroin etc. Similarly the Prophet imposed Zakat on camel, cows and goats. It will be imposed on
other animals according to their similarities with these three type of cattle. For example, Zakat for buffalos will be
calculated according to the rates of cows and that on flocks of deer will be calculated according to the rates of goats.
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1. Shaf’ii described various examples of Ijtihaad. One of them is related to determination of Qibla direction. It is
essential for us to direct towards the Ka’aba during our prayers. If a person is at a distance, he/she will conduct
“Ijtihaad” to determine the direction of Qibla by using a compass or by looking at stars etc. Two persons may reach
to different conclusion due to their approach or their level of knowledge. The other example is related to the
reliability of witnesses. Ijtihaad will be conducted to determine whether a person is reliable or not. There may be a
difference of opinion in that matter.
Do you know?
According to the Divine Law of Torah, Saturday is specific for worship. The Jews are not allowed
to work on that day. It is called OMs
in Arabic and the “Sabbath” in English.
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Face the Challenge!

Identify 10 words whose second source letter is either or .
Try to identify the changes made in these words.
Do you know?
Arabs used to be in a default state of continuous tribal war. Peace was an
exceptional situation which was an outcome of inter-tribe treaties. These treaties
were considered sacred. A tribe violating a treaty was strongly condemned by the
entire Arabian tribes. These wars and peace treaties are a favorite topic of Arabic
poetry & prose. Such tribes were called T. Some tribes had a permanent status of
being enemies to each other.
You became, you moved c

$ #' It is in accordance with $ ?
$ Opinions ;F '?.
It is preserved from f
F 8? 4& We’ll move from it 35 #& 1 -
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Lesson 10A: Words as the Second Source Letter

or , it is called
If the second source letter is Whenever you see a blessing, think about the
. The rules about change of an word blessings of the Paradise. Whenever you see a
are as follows: trouble, think about the troubles of the Hell.
• If the second source letter carries a movement and its preceding letters carries a fathah, the or will be
converted into Alif

. For example:
? ?. ? $ .? :(to say) u ! •

[
$ $( $ $($ :(to sell) [ < ! •
? $/ ;? '/$ :(to find) d ! •

$ $E
$ ' E$ :(to be frightened) ^ ! •
? ? ? & ? :(to become long) ! •
• If the second source letter carries a movement and its preceding letter is silent, the movement of or
will be transferred to its preceding letter and the or will be made silent.
F 1 pF $ F & p6 $ : u ! •
& 1 M'$ & 'M1 $ :[ < ! •
F $5$ ;F $51 $ : d ! •

& $H$
& $ H
1 $ : ^ ! •
F 1 vF $ F & v6 $ : ! •
• This rule is not applicable to ;8> 1
or the nouns mentioning colors or disability. For example:
F $ .6 F $ .6 : u ! •

& $(1
& $(1 :x < ! •
!& $ 1 !& $ 1 :! ! •

• If the second source letter carries a movement and its following letter is silent, the or will be deleted:
For example:
f$' 6 .F f$ 6' .F | f$ 6 pF $ f$ 6& p6 $ : u ! •

f$ +1 (' f$ +1 '(& | f$ +1 M'$ f$ +1 'M1 $ :[ < ! •
f$ 6 /' f$ 6 '/& | f$ 6 5$$ f$ 6 $51 $ : d ! •
f$ 86 E' f$ 6 ' E$ | f$ 86 H
$ $ f$ 6 $ ò6 : ^ ! •
f$ 6 F f$ 6' F | f$ 6 vF $ f$ 6& v6 $ : ! •
• Usually the P+ #:T # is made by deleting the or and using the first or third source letters: For
example:
;6 .F 6 $ .6
F : u ! •
1 (' 1 '(1= :[ < ! •
;6 /$ ;6 $/= : d ! •

1 E$
1 $ E= : ^ ! •
;6 F 6 & 6 = : ! •
• In the 39 :, the is converted into . So it comes at the structure of ;
? '. For example:
;? 1 .' ? ' .F : u ! •
Rule of the Day! The word ;( is used is used to
$ 1 (' $ '(& :[ < ! •
negate the phrase before it or add something to it
without negation e.g. $ & ? ;
6 ($ & /$$4M1 &
D?$ & j
Z? H
$ ">

F?.y ;? 1 /' ;? '/& : d ! •
x
' )1 zy
$ c
'
$,$ "s
'
(They said, Allah has taken a
child, He is Exalted from it. No, Whatever is in the
$ 1 E'
$ ' E& : ^ ! •
heavens and earth is for Him), f1 ' $51 ? $ 1 GF ? $#/$ $
i
$ ('m' ?Y 1 GF A5qF /$ ;6 ($ ;{
1 ? (We don’t see anything good in ;? 1 ' ? ' F : ! •
you, but we think that you are liars).

• In the ; 1

, the or . is converted into ¡.. For example:
;b R'?. b ' ?. : u ! •
X R'$( X '$( :[ < ! •
;b R$/ ;Fe '$/ : d ! •

X R'$E X ' $E : ^ ! •
;b R'? b ' ? : ! •
• In the +8 1
, the is usually deleted. For example:
b 1 pF b 1 & p$ : u ! •

X 1 H& $ X 1 & H$ : ^ ! •
b 1 vF $ b 1 & v$ : ! •
• In the +8 1
, if the second source letter is , it is usually not changed. Its +8 1
is also used as
the structure of ;
b 8. For example:
X 1 M'$ | [
X 1 &M1 $ :[ < ! •
Q
X 1 +' $ | <X 1 &+1 $ :< [ ! •
• In the O8 1
that is used at the structure of ;b +' , if the second source letter is , it is converted into
and then merged into the other . If it is already a , it will be merged without any conversion. For
example:
(Bad) 0e ~$ 0e ' 1 $ 0e ' 1 $ :(to be bad) 0 ! •
(Died) O X ~$ O X '1 $ c X ' 1 $ :(to die) c P ! •
(Chief) X ~$ X '1 $ :(to be a chief) ! ! •
(Pure, clean) Q X ~? Q X '1 ? :(to be pure) < ! •
• For , usually the )- of += <( is used at the structure of *= and that of +8@= <( is used
at the structure of *8@=. For example, *$/+'@= Nb*/$= :d [ !

See the following example. Changes are shown in the red color. Make \MY # yourself:
(u u ]!) \
X L'
$
X #$
!#9 !#9
X 1 ($ X 1 ($ b 1 .? b 1 .? )-
[
$ $( $ $($ ? ?. ? $ .? P+ :
$ 1 (' $ '(& ;? '. ? ' .F 39 :
& 1 M'$ & 'M1 $ F 1 pF $ F & p6 $ P+ [)
[
& $M& & $M1 & F ?p& F $ p6 & 39 [)
1 (' 1 '(1= ;6 .F 6 $ .6 = P+ #:T #
1 M'$' 1 '$' ;6 pF $' 6 & p6 $' P+ QRS #
1 M$&' 1 $M1 &' ;6 p? &' 6 $ p6 &' 39 #
X R'$( X '$( ;b R'?. b ' ?. ;
X 1 M'$ [
X 1 &M1 $ b 1 pF $ b 1 .F 1 $ +8
Do you know?
Sex was an important topic of Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry. It was usually with
the legal spouse. Adultery was considered a crime. Saying verses about the
women of others was considered bad and it resulted in wars among tribes.

Test Yourself
Å+ á8 ! Å+ á8 !

To be bad 0 $s$ 0y $ 0 To say F Fp$ ? ?. u
To reach, to hit *b ($$= < Ã To be fearful
& $H$
$ $E ^
To follow *b $ ?= [ To obtain F $5$ ? $/ d
To be capable *b $ ?v@'= To be dF FG$ d? ?Y d
To appear i
& M'$ d? $( d< To extend, to be
long
F Fv$ ? ?
To be clear *b /$$(= To seek protection mF &+$ m? $ m[
To stand P& Fp$ P$ ?. Pu To increase & '$ !$
$2 !2
To erect *b $ ?.= To return <
& F$ <
$ ? <¢
To taste u
& FZ$ u
$
?m um To repent <
& &@$ <
$ $> <c
To deserve 0 $M$ 0( 0< To tour / travel _
& 's$ a
$ $ a
To plot an evil
plan
& 'G$ !$ Y ! To die c
& &,$ c
$ $ cP
To discharge
stool on land
µ
F 'L$
? ?S Û To be chief !& &s$ !$ $ !
To inform 0e $M/= 0<d

Change English '(#

;? '. ? ' .F When it is said to them,
“Don’t make mischief.” They

F?. x
' )1 zy
'
&s
' 86 >& K 1 3& ? ;? '.
?m='$

1F?.
1F$ .? said, “Verily we are the
reformers.”
d? &4' -
1 & f& 4 1 /$ $,"/='
Verily, ____ there is a
punishment for you on the { 'q$ P{ 1 $ < & $E? ~/='
$
?Z$ 1 GF 1 ? $
great day.
When ____ to his companion,
“Don’t be discouraged, verily $5+$ $ $ j
jd=' d6 $ 4
1 >$ K ' M'T' $-' F Fp$ m6 ='
Allah is with us.”
Their meat and blood surely f1 G' ?$ $U& $!' K$ $3& &4F $ j
? $5$ f1 ?
does not _____ Allah. But
your piety _____ Him. 1 GF 51 ' $p6 "@
& F$5$
You will definitely not _____
the piety unless you spend out d? AM4
' >& ",'
Fp8' 51 >& "@T$ "#M'6

F$5>$ f1 ?
of what _____.
Don’t _____ like those who
were given the Book before ;F M1 .? f1 ' < $ $@G' 6

&>F f$ 'Zj?Y
&/FG$ K$
you. Then their term was
____ and their hearts became 1 3& (&F.F O
1 s
$ p? ? & $ zy
1 3' 1 ? $ ? ?v?
hardened.
___, ____ with the Lord of
dawn, from the mischief of all $ ? E$ $ ~#`$ f1 ' .' ? 8? 6
~<#$ (' mF &? ;6 .F
that He created.
___, ____ of Allah, verily My

Lord has provided me the best
$
$6 $ f$ s
$ T1 ? ~()$ & "/=' ' j
m? $+$ ? ?.
residence.
____ from them ___, “Surely

I had a friend.”
fX '#.? ' d? ?Y ~/=' 1 3& 51 ' ;b R'?. ? ?.
It was not good for them to
enter it except as _____.
i
$ 8' R'$E jK=' $UFE& 1 $ d6 ? 1 3& ? d? ?Y $
$ '?1 F

Change English '(#

There is a decease in their
hearts, so Allah ____ that D:$#$ & j
1 U& !$
$? x
X #$ $ 1 3' ('F.F '
decease.
And We have explained things
in various ways in this Quran so
&#jYjZ$' d' #1 pF 6

?ZU$ ' $56 "# $ 1 p? ?$
that they may receive
admonition. But it does not ____
D)F8/& jK=' 1 U& & '$ $$
to them except aversion.
When We made the House ____
for the people and a peaceful D51?$
' "5' *D ($?$ O
$ 1 M$6
$56 +$ $ m6 ='$
place.
So He Adam learned some
words from his Lord. So ____ ' 1 ? $ <
$ $@? c
{ $,' Y? ' ~()$ f1 ' P& !$ jp? @$?
his ____.
Verily, Allah ____ for those who d? F,$ +1 $ f$ 'Zj' ' j
?$ *F ($1 "@
$,"/='
do something wrong by
ignorance, then ____ at earliest. Q
{ '#.? f1 ' d? &(&@$ "F *{ ?$3% $ (' 0y As
So they are the ones whose

Allah _____. 1 3' 1 ? $ & j
<
& &@$
$ '?1 }F?
____, the worshipers, the
thankful and ____.
d? &4R'"s
d? &' $46
d? &('$+6
d? &MR'"@
He brings out living matter from O

$ ~,$ 6
J
& #' H ' ~,$ 6
f1 ' "4
1 &$ O $ 6
J
& #' H1 &
____ and He brings out the ____
from the living matter. ~4$ 6
f1 '
Verily Allah gives you good
news about John who will testify f1 ' *{ ,$ ' G? (' D.~-
$ & $4
1 $(' $ #& ~rM$& $ j
jd?
a great word of Allah and ____,
chaste, and ____ from pious i
$4 ' '"-
f1 ' DM'/$$
D)&-T$ $
D~$ $ ' j
people.
Yes, whoever earns a ____ and

' (' O
1 ? $T?$ *D ?~$ Q
$ s
$ Y? f1 $ ?($
his mistake encircles him..
& @&?'vE$

Change English '(#

No affliction ___ on the earth
nor on your souls except it is
' K$ x ' )1 zy
' *{ M$'-& f1 ' <$ $? $
written in a book before We
bring it into existence.
$U?#$ M1 /$ d6 ? ;' M1 .? f1 ' <
{ $@Y' ' jK=' 1 GF 's8F /1?
Soon ____ to those who are
criminals. They will be ' j
$ 51 ' )X $L & '-&$
$
&#$ 1 ? f$ 'Zj
Q
humiliated in front of Allah.
Verily, it is ____ of a
Respectable Messenger. Very 'm $ 51 ' ]{ ".F 'm .t{ #' Y? { &)$ F 1 p? ? & "/='
powerful near the Owner of
The Throne, Who is obeyed i { ?v& .i
{ ' ? "? [ { G' $
' #1 +$ 6
and trustworthy.
For Allah, it is essential for
people for perform pilgrimage
[
$ ?v@$1
f1 $ O
' 1 M$6
A²T'
' "5
?$ ' j'$
of The House whoever ____ to
find a way towards it.

D 'M$ ' 1 ?='
We have not sent a prophet d' m6 '(' [
$ ?v&' jK=' { &)$ f1 ' $56 $ )1 ? $$
except _____ with the
permission of Allah. ' j
Verily a great light i.e. a ____

Book has come to you from X M'& 
$
____ prayers and pay Zakat. ]? ?Y"
d? &>1 &$ ]? "-
d? &,'p&
Similarly, the people before
F.
?m "@T$ 1 3' ' M1 .? f1 ' f$ 'Zj
<
$ jZY?
$ 'Z? Y?
them rejected until they ____
our punishment. $5$ }6 ($

Change English '(#

This (punishment), so ____
it i.e. scalding water, pus.
u
X "sS? $ X ',T$ & F.FZ$6 ?
?ZU$
Each soul has ____ the
death.
c
' 1 ,$ 6
*F p? R'
?m w
{ 86 /$ ; YF
They ____ for Allah’s wrath. ' j
f1 ' Q $ L$ ('
0$($
{
He said, “O my son! Don’t
____ your dream to your

$ >'$ E1 =' ?$ $ $1 )& 7
1 -
& p6 >$ K "5$(& $ ? ?.
brothers, lest ____ an evil
scheme against you.
$ ?
&'G$?

D1Y?
If ____ to deviate you from
what We have revealed to $ /$&5@'86 $?
&!?Y d6 ='$
$ 1 ?=' $51 T$ 1 ? 'Zj
f1 $
you.
When the promise of
Hereafter will come, their 1 GF U$ &&
0&s$' ]' #$ E'
& 1 $ 0y $
?m'?
faces will _____.
If you are sick or traveling,
anyone of you came after
X T$ ? 0y $ 1 ? #{ 8? $ ?$ 1 ? $:#1 $ 1 @&5FY d6 ='$
____ or you have performed
intercourse with wives and
1 ? ? 0y $s~5
1 @&s
1 $ K 1 ? µ
' R'$L6
f1 ' 1 GF 51 '
you don’t find water, so
perform Tayammum with

&4s $ 1 ? DM~?
D'+ $
&,",$@$? 0| $
&% ' >$
pure dust. Wipe you faces
and hands.
1 GF '1?$ 1 GF U' && ('
When ____ to them, “Come
towards what Allah has
?='$ & j
? $ /? $ ?='
1?$+>$ 1 3& ? ;? '.
?m='$
revealed and towards His
Prophet.
' &"#
When ____ angels to

prostrate against Adam.
P$ !$
&%
& 1
*' G? R'$,6 ' $56 .F m6 ='$
So if ____ that both of them
will not observe Allah’s ' j
!$ &T& $,'p& jK? 1 @&86 E' d6 '?
limits.

Lesson 10B: Arabic Poetry
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study some
poetry of classical Arab Poets. Create a balance between your religious and worldly
responsibilities. Being religious does not mean that we
ignore our worldly responsibilities.
:*' ?1 v? 4
& ' ]F $ '-p?
@T .0' $%3' 6

$'`$ 0 $%U' dY .P'
' 3$ f'
¦#v6 `$ *' "' U' $%6
$ )$ ! N? f& ( F &#& &U
.ÏU 59 *5 c $ $ .& p? ? @T & 8F v' +$@s$ Z? E$ } .5
:) <vÁ
f( #& , & 5$"%$
$,1 )$ fX Y' $ 3'(
1 #' +$ ? 0'
$$M(' ;b $ #$ f' v$M
Q
&
' $ ¢
b '?
$,+$ /' ' @'$
$#`$ f' 3
& & M$
$#$ *b rT$ w
' /
f$ ' Ï ]b $ 8$ E
$,3' (' Ï&3?$H>$ a
{ yÏMÏ` *F Ï $U0y
$2=
¦2&%Ï$ Q
' +'` ' !$ #$ Ï6
$,+1 ?
ÏFp? E$ Z6 & ~#M&'
# K *D j' & ÏM&E
FZ@$S
]b
$#$ ]b Ï?8T$
The poet has described the harsh conditions of living in a desert i.e. hunger, poverty, old age without
having children, lack of food etc.
In an old age
¦2&%$ Resident fX Y' $ A poem having
more than 7 verses
]F $ '-p?
Facing it $U0y
$2= A civilized society ¦,1 ) A portion of
$#v6 `$
Children a
{ $M` My tough brother ]b $ 8$ E Poetry to insult a
person or a tribe
0 $%U'
They thought about them &3?$H>$ Loneliness *b rT$ He put him in a jail & 5$"%$
Barefooted ]b ?8T$ Bold, strong,
affliction

& & M$
He asked him for
sympathy
& 8F v' +$@s$
Naked (without clothes) ]b
$#$ Its aggressiveness ' @'$
$#`$ One hungry for 3
days
¢
b '?
The ate food
FZ@$S
Ease, luxurious life ',+$ /' One who binds his
belly due to hunger
f' v$M
Q
&
'
Bread cooked in hot ash
(a desert food)
*D j' & ÏM&E He was alone !$ #$ 6 Extreme poverty ;b $ #$
Wheat ~#M&
Mountain pass Q
' +'` Desert 0'
$$(

Ï$,@$U
#& ~,r
$ >& D8: ) , & $
$#? P' 'q
µ
F $ ¦4M$` ?)$
Ï$,4?
*? > & & #' 4$> K
$ kp4
$ (' $#ÏÏF. K
X $: & "()$ "U$ ? ?p
$,Ï+? Õ~U$ '54$(m6
O
' ($ ]? #$ 1 4
$ ÏÏ( & )$ ,ÏÏ & 5&(
p
Ï$m? $5ÏÏ+~$ & KD 5 AfqF $ $#>$ Z
;? $ P' Ï$+'( )1 Z' @$+$> K
Ï,&U $ p? ? ]b $@? _
1 Ï$(Z$ ? &U d̈= *D Ï$U#$( $ %
$ T F
D ÏÏ'.? $#$ ?
The poet has described the hospitality of Arab Bedouin society and how did they care about their alien
guests. They were hospitable to any person coming to their village regardless of his/her tribe, race, color
and social status. They used to slaughter whatever cattle available to them despite of harsh conditions of
desert. If a person was unable to provide food to a guest, they had to face ill-fame spread by the guest
about them.
This poem describes a tale of a poor Bedouin who did not have anything and a guest came. He and his
family were so worried to provide food to their guest that a son requested his father to slay him and cook
his flesh in order to serve the guest. Suddenly, they saw a flock of wild cows. They hunted one of them
with their arrows and prepared food for their guest. As a result of that, the father became happy to serve
his guest and the mother became happy that her son was safe.
Lacking wealth P' $+

For your right
$ kp4
$ (' A monster ¦4M$`
Short form of for poetic
purposes
;? $ You are deprived of it & & #' 4$> Darkness P' 'q
So he will spread about us $5+~$ & Flesh, meat $,4?

So he frightened with it & $
$#?
Dispraise, vilification $m? Animal devoted for gods A guest D8:
that was neither
]? #$ 1 4
$ (&
He described $)$ slaughtered nor used for
any purpose It made him ready #& ~,r
$ >&
He refrained $ %
$ T Slaughter me '54$(m6
He became distressed ",@$U
For a while *D U$ #$( Prepare Õ~U$ Come on! "U$

Young children ]b $@? Food $,+? His Lord! & "()$
He lost $ p? ? Don’t put an excuse )1 Z' @$+$> K Feast for a guest $#.F

$,q$/ $3F 4
' s$
' $E f' O
1 ,$ q? @$/
?. *D /$$ ' +&M
O
1 Ï$5$ ,&U $5"M$
$,ÏÏ3$ ' @'/$Ï$5Y' f' 3 ;? $ )} $3`& ÏÏ?v' c
$ $#>$ @T $3? 3$ }
$,4$` O
1 p? M$? ?. ¦,4? c
1 $ 5$@$Y
. *b 5$',$ ©
{ 4$ c
$
?m Ã
& &4/$ c
1 "#H
$
$$ $ $3Ï$,jY?
?)$ $,' &U#1 Ï~r($ ' ' ÏÏ?. $ 4$/ $U#$ $ m= & #$ Ï1r(& $?
$,5$S?
Ï&,5$S? ?. ¦#?S
&#$ S? '38' $: "T$
$.? ?. ¦
$#Y'
&>$(
"F $U#ÏÏ1r(& f' APz
'38' Ï$' ¦( ' @'`$ ÏÏÏ$r($ f' &U&( c
$ $(
Do you know?
Unlike English, in Arabic poetry, it is essential that the both parts of a verse must be exactly equal to
each other in length. It is called the d2 of both verses which must be equal in all circumstances. It is
allowed to make minor adjustments to words to fit itself into the structure of the verse. The last word of
each verse should produce the same sound as you can see in all these verses. This is called *.. It is
allowed to omit a f5> at the last word in order to produce the same sound.
It hurt it $3,$ jY? Arrows $,3$ So we clarified it $5"M$

It bleeds $$ $ So it fell down c
1 "#H
$ It became clear O
1 5$$
They spent their night
&>$( A fat cow Ã
& &4/$ Distance ' +&M
Respectfully ¦
$#Y' A dome-shaped piece of
flesh at the top of a bull
©
{ 4$ Flock of wild cows *D /$$
They fulfilled
$.? Fat *b 5$',$ It arranged O
1 ,$ q? @$/
They were not penalized

&#$ S? It gathered c
1 $ 5$@$Y
Its bull (male) $3F 4
' s$
They earned as a booty
&,5$S? It gathered O
1 p? M$? He arranged $,q$/
His cheerfulness ' @'`$ $r($ Fat $,4$` So he gave $3? 3$ }
Her joyfulness $U#r&( What a good news! & #$ r&( $ Its strong desire $3`& ?v'
It hurt it $U#$ $ His quiver (for arrows) ' @'/$$5Y'

:¼+> ¨
») ~+r
P
3'( N?*G ¼= A 1@? p? /$ ÏU150 *? 5 ]? "L$ (' NA+r
w $ )!= f& (1 & ,¾ ¨
M ( U
*5 #$ -',(' P$ ?. F .2' $%4 ' 6
u
#+
f,
f$ 1 ($ ;? jp5$>$ .#$ +'r
*? L$ F
$ 1#G
d? #p
$ j+$ >$
' 0 ,+
8¨ f' ,$ 6 f' & F&4(& *F ?$~#
:& 8? j $ 2& #$ (1? .$ '%
$ 6
& M$U$ Z6 $ d? "!$ $3(' .ÏU199
c .*{ @$('? *{ j!' ' .? <
{ F}( '
' '#r"@
' $3@'/$?G$ *' "5As
*' $~%T& f1 $ [ ' ?~
' p'8
.ÏU204 *5 '

0 ÏÏ$p?
$ ÏÏ?GT$
m= DÏs68/$ Q
1 ' 0 ÏÏÏÏ$r>$ ;F +$ 86 Ï$> P$ Ïz
[
' !$
0 ÏÏÏ?p($ ÏÏ/Ï
¢
' !
ÏÏ4' , ÇÏÏÏÏj
*Ï!ÏÀ [
1 $ %
1 >$ K
0 ÏÏÏ?$ Ï
*F Ï$T$,Ï"s
&@,$ '`
DÏÏÏ6$
Uz
?$
D & )$ f1 YF
0 ÏÏÏ$E)$ K ÏÏ
X 1 Ï&( K )X &#ÏÏÏÏ& K P& &Ï$ db 1 T& K
The poet is encouraging to face difficult conditions with courage, patience, steadfastness and staunchness.
Nights, time Çj

Making laws ' '#r"@
He moved ;? jp5$>$
Fear, troubles
Uz
Arguments *{ j!' He codified d? "!$
Steadfast
D6$ Leave [
' !$ His school of thought & M$U$ Z6 $
Your character &@,$ '` Days (of affliction) P$ z
The most famous 2& #$ (1?
Generosity *F T$ $,"s
Be happy! Q
1 ' He wrote it & 8? j
Faithfulness, loyalty 0 ?$
He decided $ G? T$ Letter, a book on the
Principles of Jurisprudence
*F ?$~#
Sadness, grief db 1 T& Decision, destiny 0 $p?

His discussions & F&4(&
It remains forever P& &$ Don’t show a lack of
patience
[
1 $ %
1 >$ K The most valuable f' ,$ 6
Affluence, opposite of
( 0 $E)$ Accident, incident *!T Being a reliable argument *' $~%T&

0
$Ï$ Ï/Ï

& ÏÏ'Ï O
$ /1}?? [
{ ÏÏÏÏ&5.? Q
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m O
$ Ï15YF
m=
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X ) ÏÏÏÏ$Ï$5?
'@T$ $sÏ'( O
1 ?$ /$ f1 $
0 ÏÏÏÏ$8?
u
$ $: Ï?p
? $ /$
m= f1 ÏÏÏÏG *b Ï+
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*b "' 4$/ c
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$ @$& ]b #G/ X
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<
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& T$ :4$/ { $,1 = f' & ? M?.
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m=” :¼+> ¨
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P 8+: & M1 >$ K Ó3 .P> K I {
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Students <
& Fv
Adverb X ',$> Contended, satisfied [
{ &5.?
In writing ãvE$ Including fX ~,
$ @$& Environment *$T$
Additional ]b $ R'
$2 For explanation d' $M$' Death $$5?
Become satisfied x
$ )1
Abridgement { $,1 = It protects him 'p>$
Misfortune, unpleasant X #G By character DpF E& It becomes narrow u
$ $:
Don’t appear & M1 >$ K By age 5' Space between sky &
earth
0 $8?

.d K 0E#

©+
' $
d̈ ,Y Nd K )#s
d? 46
d= Ó4
$:)' ' /

$ ? $ f1 ,$ Y dY = ¨
& .? $ Z
u2#( ¦:
) D5?. ds/'
dY
m= Ó5
.' $M
*' T$
$) w
' 8$5
.0,$ K x) p> K N0` +85 K ¨

0 . ds/'( /
m= Ó6
.5 "#8? $ N0p
F ' 51 $ $,5$'T $ "
$ >$ 35G N*+
¨
x) d= Ó7
75
f !8@s
d N#G f ( / #'M- N( $:# d s
b 2/ X .

0 . Ï1
.' )' ?.
0' $p? (' '/,1( 3 . dG d Q
& %
' $ ;( N?2'
$5$
P$
& +& $ K
.0 $E#'
& M&pF +$ ©
& $+
$ ":
$ NFFv$ K d? &46
ZG P&$ K )$ #s
d̈ ,Y Ï2
*' "S' $M
Q
' /'
$%
$ 6
f
8 .u
X $M' “0y $E)' K & & ($ K” ' '. ' “)# K P&$ d? &T K” '. ' Ó1
.“0E$) (” i( É
' “)# dT” f1( #r
$ ($? z
$3'/ ' 5,6

$ "M`$ p N'*$$5G' '( ]b )$ $+@'1
“5,6
@Ts( O/ f” Ï. ' Ó2
U ' ' 2'
f' 0{ $r(' = X $) .dF $s/'
$ U& ' (' $ "Mr
$ ,& 6

$ Z' T& F . D8$: F ' 51 $ d{ s/(
.*' $$5G' '( ]' )+@K
;' M &5
The thing with which $ "Mr

$ ,& 6
Afflictions coming down ? 2'
$5$
He drove it to you & .? $
' ('
something is compared in a
metaphor Comparison u
X $M' Relief, peace *' T$
$)
It is deleted
$ Z' T& Using something in ]b )$ $+@'1
Mind ' $M
*' $$5G' '(

allegorical &
Symbolic expression X $) metaphorical way It became narrow $ "
$ >$
He described a metaphor $ "M`$ When $,5$'T

1/A#
0pM
&(
#' $5
' ¦)' $( N¦3p dY .0pM
¯ Q~v
¯?}(' $5G6 & N{_' f' ( $ #` f1 ( _
& ' U
0' $(!$ F #' 3$ ` f ]-p
QT” :/A#
#` f( _' : #p̈$,6
$ ,1T 5 . .' q$5

f$ 1 ~M''"-
' ' O 1 v? p? $ '@
*' "s
' F& /z
d' & ,& 6
0' ?)' ' ]-p
ZU . . “.w ' F& /z
.ÏU684 *5 ¼+>

») /A#
j$ >$ .d? $Mz
dF ÏÏÏÏs/'= ©
' 1 +$
Q
' 'v(' "#Ï$L& dF ÏÏ$-p6 /& ">$
m'= 0{ $` k;ÏÏFGÏ
'
dF
ÏÏÏT? c
X
#s
$ $ dÏ"Ï' *b ÏÏ$"5$& [
X
/? #' UÏ
& Ï'RÏ$%?
dF
$ÏÏ6& P( j;T$ $,Ï' Ï$ ÏÏÏ3FÏ~3s
$ & db
6& ¢
' !'
$4
$ 6 Ï'
Muslims established a great civilization at Spain (Andalus) during 711-1492CE. With the passage of time,
the character of Muslims degenerated and the country was captured by the King of Portugal, Ferdinand.
The poet belonged to Spain. He expressed his grief of the fall of Spain in these verses.
Time #' U

It fell down O
1 v? p? $ Jurist ¦3p
Kinds [
X
/? Christians, those who
consider cross sacred
f$ 1 ~M''" Skilled, expert ¦)' $(
Various *b $ "5$& Spain d? $Mz
Prose #' $5
Happiness c
X
#s
$ $ The finished ">$ Poetry ' q$5
Relief for grief & gloom db

6& Decrease, loss dF $-p6 /& The most famous #' 3$ `
It makes it easy 3F~3s
$ & He is not deceived "#L$ & K Literary experts, writers,
plural of Q! 0' $(!$ F
It resolved j;T$ Scent Q
' ' Arabic name of Muslim
Spain
w
' F& /F
Living ©
' 1 +$
Poems to express grief 0' ?)'
Afflictions, hungry & R'$ Cities, plural of *5 d' & ,& 6

dF
? ÏÏÏ13Ï? "3$ /1
X Ï&T $U$ 0y
K #X Ï? ]? #ÏÏÈ
Ï$U!$
dF ÏÏ"$ fÏ P *b Ï$MÏ'$` f$ Ï *{ ÏÏ$' #1 & dF }` *D Ï$s
' 51 ? ($ 6}Ï
dF ×yÏ x
X Ï? <
& Z6 Ï&+
ÏU&#31 /$ { $ /& f Ï'4
1 >$ Ï 7
& ,1 T' fÏ
dF ÏÏY) $ M1 >$ ?
m= 0 Ï?pM$
$s$ , !ÏMÏ
d? ÏY) "fYF X Ï
.
dF $,1 U$
' Ï6'
u
'
$#Ï'8' ÏG( ,Y
{ $ ? f 0 ÏM
*Ï"8' '5À
?
GM>
dF
$#Ï1,& #' 86 GF ( Ï3?y c
1 #$ Ï?8.6 . *{ ÏÏE PÏ
f ){ Ï! ?$
Rule of the Day: There are two methods to describe the fractional numbers: Positive
Method e.g. [() */,? (8-3/4), ,1E *+() *@ (6-4/5), f
$ 1 s
' ,1 E$ $ ($) *F $/'
*F $ "s
$ R'?.!$ (2:45) etc; Exceptional Method e.g. ¦+(1)& K̈= *b +$ s

1 >' (8-3/4), ¦s,& E& K̈= *b +$ M1 $ (6-4/5), *F $ "s
$ R'?.!$ ]? #$ r
$ $ *? s
$ ,1 E$ K̈= *
(2:45) etc

Corners, foundations,
plural of fY) dF Y) An area of *s5( *b M$' $` It is afflicted $U!$
It did not remain $ M1 >$ ? An area of *s5( dF "$ Iberian Peninsula, Spain ]? #È
An area of *s5(
Muslims, the followers of
Prophet Abraham
*"8' '5À
?
(also a town at Syria)
7
& ,1 T' Patience 0y

Grief, gloom,
hopelessness

{ $ ? It contained inside it '4
1 >$ It fell from top to the
bottom
$U$
Love
' 6'
Gardens, plural of *U/ { $ /& A mountain at Madina X T&
Extreme lover dF $,1 U$ Rivers, canals #& 31 /$ It demolished "3$ /1
Country ){ ! Fresh <

& Z6 +&
A mountain at Najd, Saudi
Arabia
dF
? 31 ?
Empty *{ E Plentiful x
X ? A town of Muslim Spain *D $s
' 51 ? ($
It became empty c
1 #$ 8? .6 Full dF ×$ An area of *s5( *{ $' #1 &
Residents, society dF
$#,1 & Bases, foundations,
plural of ]. X
.

dF ÏÏÏÏÏ$M6
& w
X .
$/ K= f3 w
$ R5Y c) . & s

F $T
dF
?ÏÏÏÏ U '#1 >$ #& (5
@T ]b ÏU GM> Q
& ')$4,$ 6
@T
dF ?ÏÏÏÏÏ1LF #X 8Y & 3& ?T ? $T? & ÏÏÏÏ'U~ +( P{ . *jZ' ' f1 $
dF
$ÏÏÏ1M& #8G
)! ' U P$
1 Ï'3'25 ' DYF&
/Y wz(
dF ÏÏ,Ï= PX = Qp
' dY d6 = { ÏÏ,?Y f Q
& 6 p?
<
& FZ$
ZU ;
Do you know?
After the fall of great empires of the Muslim world, the majority of Muslims did not consider it important
to analyze the real reasons behind their decline in an unbiased way. They started moaning and expressing
their grief due to their decline. Most of them considered their decline as a conspiracy of Anti-Islamic
forces of the world and ignored their own weaknesses. This poem is an example of such attitude.
The real reasons behind the decline of the Muslims were two: (1) They degenerated their moral character
that was required by the Quran and the Sunnah. Comparatively, other nations improved their character.
(2) They lagged behind the other nations in creative thinking and intellectual growth in the field of
science and technology. The majority of Muslims never thought about these reasons and kept moaning
over several centuries.

It describes a *#, a
Yesterday wz
poem for expressing grief
'#1 >$ Churches, plural of *s5Y w
$ R5Y
Their homes 1 3' '25 Being wood dF
? Bells, plural of ./ w
X .
$/
Slaves dF
$M1 & Weakness, lowness *jm' Cross dF $M6
&
It melts <
& FZ$ Their power & U' ~ Niches, plural of <
#¾ Q
& ')$4$
Hard grief, gloominess { ,?Y It changed ? $T? Fixed, lifeless ]b
Pulpits, plural of #X M$5' #& (5,6

*b "' 4$/ c
X $T=
O1 ? #'
& $3"5G' ? ' #~-
f$ ' *F $ &5,$ U Nb*",' %
$ PX ZU “*$M' $` *'#1 & *$s ' 51 ? ($” Ó1
. & #' -
$ 51 $ K
& #1
$ #' +r
' 2& &%$ .“w'.
$/$” O 1 ? #$
$ ZY .*' #' +~r
]' )$ &#"' $5U&
1 ? 35G *b ? &#-$ 3 c(z
#E ' ]!)

c,G
f #X 1 Y “d6}` d
T ds/=”
.#+r
' 2& &%$
ZU .*' #+r
]' )# d6 "5$>&
*' 4
$ @?8'( ;' +8
P& K O
1 Y? ~#T& . N“*U5
K” Ï( P9 [) “"#L$ &” 5U “.."#L$ & ” Ó2
:
' "+
$ ,& 6
;' +8
P' $%' #E * = .f' 1 5$Y' $s
0' ?p@'
Q
' M$s
$ ('
.
D 3$ dG d? 4@K
d̈ X T "fqF $ K (1)
.#z
m ' "`& ? 1 ? (2)
?*5$"s
' Z' U$ "²4
& >$ ? (3)
F$ @$M&,6

$ Z' T& “!M
d? Y)? "fYF &
. ZU” :PG
#& 'p$> “...!M
dF Y) "fYF X
.” Ó3
.
¦2
$$
The summary of above mentioned rules is that:
1. A noun which is #-5 \S can be used as #-5 in poetry due to poetic needs. Similarly, f5> on a
#-5 is also deleted due to poetic needs.
2. As you’ve seen in the lesson of , if the same letter is repeated and both are silent, they are merged
and it is given a fathah.
3. Sometimes,
@M is deleted in order to draw the full attention of the audience to the #1ME.

A OY#T i.e. fathah, kasrah,
dhamma is give
O
1 Y? ~#T& Poetic requirements i.e.
violation of language ]' )$ &#": Names, plural of PX
Joining 0' ?p@'
rules in order to create a

poem
*' #' +~r
Non Arabic *b ",' %
$
Being #-5 i.e. allowing
Being a ;+
' "+
$ & Being a #-5 word *b ? &#-$ f5> &
on a noun

' #~-
You did not perform Hajj "²4

& >$ ? f5> is not give d6 "5$>& 1 ? It is made #-5 O
1 ? #'
&

N*F "' #?q

?$ Q { -$/ k;4 $ $ ' ~"
X 5'M dG #V “ F 1 T$ ” :“s,6
F $T” Ó4
w
& ' %$ F T w 1 ' 1
” :Ê *+8
*,È
¼= 3@:= #Yz
N*,È
¼= *:
“T” P$ 2$ $>
¼= > K “.w X X T T w
” :4$/ *' ",' 1 K
*,È
¼= $ $>$ . “.<& v

F $T w 1 ' 1
” :Ê . X FZ4$ & #& M1 E$ b$ @$M& / $ ? )$ !X #8 $U$ +( 0y $ d N'!#$ 8&,6
.“d? &s'$ d? &~)$ ,& 6

F $T ” : N“d? &~)$ ,& 6
“É&#%
& 31 >$ O/ @T” :4$/ & $ +$( (
& /$}6 @$s
1 & 0'
$@'( 5U “@T” :“Q
& ')$4,$ 6
@T” Ó5
.#z

ZU
& #' +$ ;F U' $%6
@T
)$ $ :4$/ A4
$ "@
& '8>& “dY” c
$E? f' “)” :“w $ R5Y c) . & s
T” Ó6
.
D'%s$ *F s5G
c) .0| ²
&
) .D%6? 0 $,6
4. The word T is an #V 1

. It is considered as a in a Ò:= QY#. Its = is the sentence
coming after it. That can’t be a single word. If it is a single word, then it will be considered a
@M, whose
³E is deleted.
5. The word ÜT is used as a
@M to resume whatever is coming after it.
6. The word ) is from the group of dY. Its meaning is “became”.
Worth Reading
Developing trust is very important. How and why? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0012-Trust.htm
You will leave me É&#%

& 31 >$ It correlates P$ 2$ $> A dhamma ~"
Sisters, parts of the same

group
c
$E? Being a Ò:= QY# *:
Place k;4
$ $
Change, conversion A4
$ "@
Being a
@M 0'
$@'(
Being objective case
Q-/ Q
{ -$/
Ice, snow ²
&
It is resumed
& /$}6 @$s
1 & Being a #V *F "' #?q

c
' $(z
'/$+$
: #r
p
"#s
' & a
$ #' 8$ K̈ ds/' LM5 N/
]À
ZU ' ? ,G
n? F M d +( 7
& pF 5 0e $` ; Y Ó1
.F

0 58
U$#1 - dz 3'>M~ $3,' '+5$( "#@$L&$
.d
Tz
3 c
&
#s
3 ]46
N]#1Y [
/ d
Q
& R- Ó2
.d{
f 3? , i,s
P'( O
1 jT$ '@
Q
& R-
Nbd
6& 3? /
QR- Ó3
U N?d
& K 3+ 0y
$$ K *b M- N#1MY *b M- 3'( OjT$ ;b ? $ #X w/z( ? $ /$ Ó4
,&U d,q d$M$ *M-
ZU ' q? ' *' +$ ' ?8
ZU ' 1 3$ ' µ
? p? $ NdMz
' 3FFp&
.d? 13? { T& F
D M$
.0
z
' 3' p +( d? "$ *? M` *? $' #1 & T f *? $s
' 51 ? ($ }'
Ó5
'#%$ Z
“\
& MG
'!

” U&#31 /$ ]#1G
3&>U"5$@$& (7
& ,1 T' ) *F M`= d?
f Ó6
&<Z6 +$
0 ,6

' Fp& $ +( w/z
f$ ' 'pM$
m, .3&/Y) w
' /z
!' ( $ R'?Y)$ #& :
'
$4
$ 6
ZU O/Y . Ó7
3'/Y)
.'M'MT$ u
'
#8' ' Q
& M46
'GM$ ,Y d? 1 4
& 6
]' "`' f' d,s&,6
'GM$ Ó8

Present, plural of #:T #& :
'
$T$ Decline F

It is essential for him LM5
Pillars, plural of ]Y) $ R'?Y)$ Important ;b ? $ He becomes happy "#s
' &
Separation u
'
#' It penetrated OjT$ He should not be
deceived
"#@$L&
His beloved 'M'MT$ Tragedy *' +$ ' ?8
Ruin, vanishing 0 58

.35 *D E d
O
1 4
$ M$ Ni,s, O/Y '@
)'
ZU dGM Ó9
.dF M6-
&
3 & M$+1 >& w
& .
5
3 <
& #$
1 >& N$wR5Y U&s O4M Ó10
.<
X rE U #> #& (5
@T Nb])%T U GM> Q
& )4$,6
@T Ó11
#$ "S? ]D "' ?
/Y d +( *D jm' ?
4M fZ
5
0KU f$ 1 +' & d v@s Z

m f Ó12
3?
T & q
.U'!( '
D'M$ P

4M N{P" ;? M. DYF&
/Y fZ
5
0KU Ó13
O
1 +$ .? $ '@
QR-
ZU ;' ,' d' 1 À
F
]' "`' f <
& FZ>$ db ,1= 3 '@
$ *D S( Q
$ /'
$$ ]' -p
ZU '
F T' &/
' q? ' Ú ;'1 "@ *LM,6
Q ' }( *D ?'$ U&%
' $ ]-p
ZU ' #V5
: *F L$ ?$M,& 6
Ó1
:. () :35 N'dMz
i~M''"-
' w/z
ps( i,s,6( O¨T$ '@
*+8
& "$ & K m= NMv( *pp46

;' M w d
Z3'
s “7» f *s5( ?}”
.3'p +( d' & ,& 6
Z3'( j;T$ dM N';'3$@
*LM
;M ,/= N';.' +
'#1 L F
s
Nature Mv
Full of *D ?'$ Wood, timber <
X rE
It is not directed & "$ & K Styles to say something,
plural of < Q
' Slaves
D'M$
One having intellect ;' .' +
Proving ;'1 "@
It melts <
& FZ>$
Frightening, scaring ;' '3$@
Greatness ' q? ' We note
F T' &/
Way ;' M Exaggeration *F L$ ?$M,& 6

“.Qp
<Z .#> #(5
@T .GM> Q)4,6
@T .0$1 M$
*8546
GM>” : . (<)
w m ;Y ...Q ' ?p
dF $($ m? #& (5
0 ') Q)4,6
0 G( (P
*F j' ) *F "8' '54
$ 6
0 G&M
ZY .*LM
;M ,/= <Z K # K ;p+ K GM K m= N*ppÀ
;M
.w/z
!M( j;T$ *' T$
$? dM
( p “.d-p/ ">$
m= 0` ;G” :#r
. ' () :m #/ :*(p
uMv
Ó2
i( ( p “.d
T c
#s d” :. ' (<) .“d-p/” “>$” i( #& r
' U P
* 3'25 ' Y
/Y wz(” : . ' (Ï) .“d
T” “c
#s”
/ #8G
!( / P
” i( “ / 3'25 / wz
” f1( ;? ($?. p .“d
M& #8G
!(
“.d
M
'@
#$ :
À
ZU "M`$ . “..., !M
dY)? "fY X
.” : . ' () :M1r"@
Ó3
,G .ã;Y ' ' z
' %'( w/z
!( ¼= *' Ms5( dY)z( “*'M`=...*$s ' 51 ? ($” :O
1 v? p? $
!( ¼= *' Ms5( & ,& +&
w & & z
U #:
46
ZU ZG & & $ U 0` ~z dY)z
d
0M
*85À
GM>” :. ' (<) .3 0` ;Y µp dF Y)z
Ovp
m w/z
u
'
# (i,s
) P
0 G( $ "M`$ p .“d,1U$
u
#8 G( ,Y * f
.*' L$ ?$M,& 6
;' M ;M. f 5F. ,Y m 'MMT u'
#8' ~Q4
' ,& 6
0' GM'( !' M
' ZU
Worth Reading
The Sermon of Mount delivered by the Prophet Jesus Ps
]-
.
Its contents are applicable today. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0009-Mount.htm

Bases, foundations, plural of
= w
& & z
Comparison *(p,6
Melting dF $($ m?
Pillars, plural of !$,
' & ,& +&
Metaphor, allegory M1r"@
Gravity, heaviness,
enormity
*' T$
$?
In relation to *' Ms5
He described in a
metaphorical way
"M`$ Congruence uMv

Lesson 11A: Words as the Third Source Letter 7./

If the third source letter is or , it is called Be careful in driving. Your carelessness may
7./. There are a lot of changes in it. The rules result in a loss of life or it can make a person
about change of a 7./ word are as follows: permanently disable.
Past Tense : ;+

• If the third source letter carries a movement and its preceding letters carries a fathah, the or will be
converted into Alif
. In case of , the Alif is not written but it is read. For example:
$!$ $ $ !$ : [ ! ! •
$rE$ $ r ' E$ : ^ ! •
$> $ ? >$ : c ! •
$-$ $ - ' $ : Ã [ ! •
• If there is a pronoun after these words, the Alif, will be written in both cases.
&U$!$ $ $ !$ : [ ! ! •
&U$rE$ $ r ' E$ : ^ ! •
1 U& $> $ ? >$ : c ! •
&U$-$ $ - ' $ : Ã [ ! •
• The above mentioned rule is not applicable to *5> of : ;+. There will not be any change in them and
they will be normal like other verbs. For example:

$$ !$
$$ !$ : [ ! ! •
$r
' E$ $r ' E$ : ^ ! •

$? >$
$? >$ : c ! •
$-
' $ $- ' $ : Ã [ ! •

• If there is an additional or other than the third source letter, the source letter will be deleted and its
movement will be transferred to previous letter. For example:

1& !$
1& $ !$ : [ ! ! •

1r
& E$
&r ' E$ : ^ ! •

1F >$
1& ? >$ : c ! •

1-
& $
&- ' $ : Ã [ ! •
• If the letter after or is silent and the letter before or carries, a fathah, the third source letter will be
deleted. If it carries a kasrah or dhammah, the third source letter will not be deleted. For example:
O
1 $ !$ c 1 $ $ !$ : [ ! ! •
O
1 $r
' E$ O 1 $r
' E$ : ^ ! •
O
1 ? >$ c 1 $ ? >$ : c ! •
O
1 $-
' $ O 1 $-' $ : Ã [ ! •
• If there is a kasrah before , the will be converted to . If it is , it will not be changed. For example:
$ ' !& $ ' !& : [ ! ! •

$ r
' E& $ r ' E& : ^ ! •
$ ' >& $ ' >& : c ! •
$ -' & $ - ' & : Ã [ ! •
Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, the word d̈? gives the sense of “because” e.g. d
? $&
$ /?
Z$U ;6 YF
(Eat this because you are hungry). While the word $,/= gives the sense of
“only” e.g. 0'
$#p? 8F ' c.-
,/= (These charity funds are only for poor) etc.
This concept if called #-T.

Present & Future Tense [) ;+

• If there is a dhammah on the letter before , the will be made silent. Similarly, if there is a kasrah on the
letter before , the will be made silent. For example:

1& 1 $ & & 1 $ :(to call) [ ! ! •

1F @1 $ & F @1 $ :(to follow, to read) c ! •
1 -' +1 $ & - ' +1 $ :(to disobey) Ã [ ! •

1 ' 31 $ & ' 31 $ :(to guide) ! ! •
1 r' ,1 $ & r ' ,1 $ :(to walk) P ! •
1 ' #1 $ & ' #1 $ :(to throw) P ) ! •
• There is no change in the words for 5>. For example:
d'
$& 1 $ d'
$& 1 $ :(to call) [ ! ! •
d' $-
' +1 $ d' $- ' +1 $ :(to disobey) Ã [ ! •
• In the words for and #:T / T
, the movement of the letter before or will be changed
according to respective sound and the or of the source letters will be deleted. For example:
f$ 1 ' 1 >$ f$ 1' & 1 >$ | d? 1 & 1 $ d? 1 & & 1 $ :(to call) [ ! ! •
f$ 1 ' @1 >$ f$ 1' F @1 >$ | d? 1 F @1 $ d? 1 & F @1 $ :(to follow, to read) c ! •
f$ 1 -
' +1 >$ f$ 1 '- & +1 >$ | d? 1 - & +1 $ d? 1 &- ' +1 $ :(to disobey) Ã [ ! •
f$ 1' 31 >$ f$ 1 '' 31 >$ | d? 1 & 31 $ d? 1 &' 31 $ :(to guide) ! ! •
• If a comes after three or more letters and the letter before it has a fathah or kasrah, it will be replaced by
a silent . This rule is also applicable in the passive voice. For example:
$:#1 & & : $ #1 & | 1 :

$ #1 $ & : $ #1 $ :(to be satisfied) x ) ! •
$M%
1 & & M$% 1 & | 1 M$%
1 $ $ M'% 1 $ :(to collect) < J ! •
$-+1 & & - $ +1 & :(to disobey) Ã [ ! •
$31 & & $ 31 & :(to guide) ! ! •

Instructive Tense # ;+

• If or is made silent in the instructive verbs, it will be deleted. For example:
[
& 1 >$ K 1 & 1 >$ K | [ & !1
F 1 & !1
F :(to call) [ ! ! •
;F @1 >$ K 1 1@>$ K | ;F >1
F 1 F >1
F :(to follow, to read) c ! •
7
' +1 >$ K 1 - ' +1 >$ K | 7 ' 1 = 1 - ' 1 = :(to disobey) Ã [ ! •
' 31 >$ K 1 ' 31 >$ K | ' U= 'U1 = :(to guide) ! ! •
• In plural, one or will be deleted. For example:

1& 1 >$ K
1& & 1 >$ K |
1& !1
F
1& & !1
F :(to call) [ ! ! •

1F @1 >$ K
1& 1@>$ K |
1F >1
F
1& F >1
F :(to follow, to read) c ! •

1-
& +1 >$ K
1&- ' +1 >$ K |
1- & 1 =
11 -' 1 = :(to disobey) Ã [ ! •

1& 31 >$ K
1&' 31 >$ K |
&U=
1&' U1 = :(to guide) ! ! •
Nouns
• If or has a tanveen and previous letter has a movement, or is deleted.. For example:
{
$! N{[
$! X '
$! :(to call) [ ! ! •
{ $> X '$> :(to follow, to read) c ! •
Ã
{ $ X ' $ :(to disobey) Ã [ ! •
!{ $U X !' $U :(to guide) ! ! •
• If the third source letter is , it is merged in the of +8 1
, If it is , then the of +8 1
is changed
to and then merged. For example:
e& 1 $ X 1 & 1 $ :(to call) [ ! ! •

eF @1 $ X 1 F @1 $ :(to follow, to read) c ! •
e' #1 $ X 1 & #1 $ :(to throw) P ) ! •
e' 31 $ X 1 & 31 $ :(to guide) ! ! •

• If or is coming after an Alif, they are replaced with hamzah. For example:
0e $1 @'= X $1 @'1 = | 0e $!1 = X $!1 = :(to call) [ ! ! •
0e $>')= X $>')= :(to be satisfied) x ) ! •
0e $r>')1 = X $r>')1 = :(to seek bribe) ) ! •
0e
? @'(1= X ? @'(1= :(to test) < ! •
0e ?ps
1 @'1 = X ?ps 1 @'1 = : (to seek water) u ! •
• In certain nouns, or is deleted. For example:
X S? X $ S? NX^ X E$ NX< X ($ •

X $
X $ NXP!$ X 1 !$ •
Since changes in 7./ are complex and in many cases or is deleted, therefore, in some words, language
experts may have a difference of opinion. Some may think that the third source letter is and some may
consider it . While consulting dictionaries, you have to check both possibilities to identify the exact word.
You do not need to memorize the above-mentioned rules. Just look carefully the forms of above examples.
Whenever you encounter with the words in same format, you’ll understand that the third source letter is
either or . It will help you in determining the meaning with help of a dictionary.
Face the Challenge!

Write the rules for changes in case of 7./ .
Do you know?
Stars were very important to Arabs. They used to get help from them in determining
the direction. In addition to that, they also used to omen from stars. There were
special people who were called fUY. They were astrologists. They had magical
powers. A special type of such people is called
#. They used to give information
about hidden things of past (e.g. name of a thief etc.) while the fUY was supposed to
give information about future. Some people used to identify the personal attributes of
a person by just looking at his face. Their job was called *..

See the following example. Changed words are shown in the red color:
\
X L'
$
X #$
( Ã [ ]!) !#9 ( [ ! ]!) !#9
*b $-' *b $-' ]b $ $! ]b $ 1 !$ )-
$-$ $ -
$ $ $!$ $ $ !$ P+ :
$ -
' & $ -
' & $ ' !& $ ' !& 39 :
1 -
' +1 $ & -
' +1 $
1& 1 $ & & 1 $ P+ [)
$-+1 & & -

$ +1 & $1 & & $ 1 & 39 [)
7
' 1 = 7
' 1 = [
& !1
F [
& !1
F P+ #:T #
1 -
' +1 $' 1 -
' +1 $'
1& 1 $'
1& 1 $' P+ QRS #
$-+1 &' 1 -
$ +1 &' $1 &' $1 &' 39 #
X
' $|Ã
{ $ X
' $ X {
$! | [
{
$! X '
$! ;
-
' +1 $
X &-+1 $ e& 1 $ X 1 & 1 $ +8
Worth Reading
How to overcome obstacles on your way to success? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0010-Block.htm

!#9 | ( [ ! ]!) \MY

X #$
(To call) ]b $ 1 ! )-
N1>&1 $ !$ N$,>&1 $ !$ N$c1 $ !$ N?d1 $ !$ N$@$ !$ NO
1 $ !$ N
&!$ N
$$ !$ N$!$
P+ : ;+
$/1 $ !$ N&c1 $ !$ N"f>&1 $ !$ N$,>&1 $ !$ N'c1 $!$
N1@&'!& N$,@&'!& NO
$ 1 ' !& N$f1 ' !& N$@$' !& N1O$' !& N
&!& N$' !& N$' !&
39 : ;+
$5'!& N&O1 ' !& N"f@&1 ' !& N$,@&'!& N'O1 ' &!
N'd
$& 1 >$ N
1& 1 >$ N?d1 $ 1 $ N'd
$& 1 >$ N
1& 1 >$ Nd? &1 $ N'd
$& 1 $ N
1& 1 $
P+ [) ;+

&1 /$ N
&!1 N?d1 $ 1 >$ N'd
$& 1 >$ Nf$ 1 ' 1 >$ Nd? 1 & 1 >$
N'd$$ 1 >& N$1 >& N?d$1 & Nd' $$ 1 >& N$1 >& N?d&1 & N'd$$ 1 & N$1 &
39 [) ;+
1 $ 1 /& N$!1
F N?d1 $ 1 >& Nd' $$ 1 >& N$i' 1 >& N?d1 & 1 >&
d? 1 & !1
F N
$& !1
F N1 ' !1
F N
1& !1
F N
$& !1
F N[
& !1
F P+ #:T #
[
& 1 5$' N&[!1 z N?d1 $ 1 $' N
$& 1 @$' N[
& 1 @$' N
1& 1 $' N
$& 1 $' N[
& 1 $' P+ QRS #
N
1& 1 @&' N$$ 1 @&' N$[1 @&' N?d$1 &' N$$ 1 @&' N$[1 @&' N
&1 &' N$$ 1 &' N$[1 &'
39 # ;+
[
$ 1 5&' N$[!1 KF N?d1 $ 1 @&' N$$ 1 @&' N'1 @&'
c
X $'
$! N'd$@$'
$! Nb*$'
$! N?d&'
$! N'd$'
$! N{[
$! ; 1
c
X
"& 1 $ N'd>$"& 1 $ Nb]"& 1 $ N?d1 A& 1 $ N'd
"& 1 $ N& 1 $ +8 1

!#9 | ( Ã [ ]!) \MY

X #$
(To disobey) *b $-
1 ' )-
N$,@&$-$ N$O1 -
$ $ N$f1 -
$ $ N$@-
$ $ NO
1 -
$ $ N
1-
& $ N$-
$ $ N$-$
P+ : ;+
$5$-$ N&O$-$ N"f@&$-$ N$,@&$-$ N'O$-$ N1@&1 -
$ $
N$,@&1 -
' & N$O1 -
' & N$i-
' & N$@$-
' & N1O$-
' & N
1-
& & N$-
' & N$-
' &
39 : ;+
5$1 -
' & N&O1 -
' & N"f@&'-& N$,@&1 -
' & N'O1 -
' & N1@&'-&
N'd$-
' +1 >$ N1 -
' +1 >$ N$f1 -
' +1 $ N'd$-
' +1 >$ N1 -
' +1 >$ Nd? 1 -
& +1 $ N'd$-
' +1 $ N1 -
' +1 $
P+ [) ;+
'-+1 /$ N1 -
' 1 N$f1 -
' +$> N'd$-
' +$> Nf$ 1 -
' +1 >$ Nd? 1 -
& +1 >$
N'd$-
$ +&> N$-+1 >& N$f1 -
$ +1 & N'd$-
$ +&> N$-+1 >& N?d1 -
& +1 & N'd$-
$ +& N$-+1 &
39 [) ;+
$-+1 /& N$-1
F N$f1 -
$ +1 >& N'd$-
$ +&> Nf$ 1 -
' +1 >& N?d1 -
& +1 >&
f$ +1 -
' 1
N$-
' 1
' N'-'
N
&-1
' N$-
' 1
' N7
' 1
P+ #:T #
7
' +1 5$' N'71 z N$f1 -
' +1 $' N$-
' +1 @$' N7
' +1 @$' N
1-
& +1 $' N$-
' +1 $' N7
' +1 $' P+ QRS #
N$-
$ +&@' N7
$ +1 @&' N$f1 -
$ +1 &' N$-
$ +&@' N7
$ +1 @&' N
1-
& +1 &' N$-
$ +&' N7
$ +1 &'
39 # ;+
7
$ +1 5&' N$71 KF N$f1 -
$ +1 @&' N$-
$ +&@' N'-+1 @&' N
1-
& +1 @&'
c
X $
' $ N'd$@$
' $ Nb*$
' $ N?d&
' $ N'd$
' $ NÃ
{ $ ; 1
c
X "' #1 $ N'd$@"' #$ Nb*"' #$ N?dA' #$ N'd"' #1 $ N' #$ +8 1
Note: We have used the P ) ]! to describe the example of +8 1
.

Test Yourself
Å+ á8 ! Å+ á8 !

To call 1 & 1 $ $!$ [! To find, to meet
with

Fp$ $ p' ?y u
Allegation, to claim 0e $!= += To throw down, to
cast
0e p6= +=
To send, to call 0e '@

+8@
To throw down, to
cast
ep' 6 >$ ;+8>
To come '>}$ $> c To receive, to

learn
? >$ ;+8>
To give 0e $@1= += To meet 0e ?p@'6

+@
To forbid 1 3$ 51 $ $3/$ d To lay straight on

a bed
0e ?p6 @'1
+8@
To end 0e $3/1= += To provide water 'ps

1 $ ?p$ u
To end, to stop a
forbidden act
0e $3@'/
+@
To provide water 0e ?p= +=
To leave empty, to
meet secretly

FH
1 $ $E ^ To seek water 0e ?ps
1 @'1
+8@
To leave, to vacate *b 'H$> ;+8> To guide '31 $ $U$ !

To buy or sell '#r
1 #$` ) To receive
guidance
0e
$@'U= +@=
To buy 0e
#'@`
+@
To be satisfied, to
be pleased
$:#$ $ :
' )$ x)
To suffice, to protect '8G6 $ ?8Y? To be satisfied 0e $>')= +@=
To decide, to execute 'p6 $ $.? x u To give 0e ?v1 = [

Transgression 0e
$@'= ![ To walk 'r,1 $ $r$ P

Change English '(#

When they meet the believers,

1pF ?
1&p? ? they say, “We believed.” And
1? E$
?m='$ "5$
F?.
&5$ f$ 'Zj

Fp?
?m='$
when they meet secretly with

1F E$
1& ? E$ their devils, they say, “We are 1 GF +$ $ "/='
F?. 1 3' 5''$`$ ?='
with you.”
So Adam ____ some words
from his Lord. So He ' 1 ? $ <
$ $@? c
{ $,' Y? ' ~()$ f1 ' P& !$ jp? @$?
accepted his repentance.
Those who denied ____ Allah
have made a loss.
' j
0' ?p' ('
&(jZY? f$ 'Zj
#$ s
' E$ 1 .?
They day of distinction
(between the right & the
wrong), the day when two
d' $+,1 %
$ 6
?p@$6
P$ 1 $ d' ?.#1 8F 6
P$ 1 $
armies ___.
When you ____, He showed
them to you as small in
D '.? 1 GF 5'&1 ? ' 1 @&1 p? @$6
m6 =' 1 U& &,GF '#& m6 ='$
number.
O my fellow inmates! One of
you ____ wine to his lord and
& "()$ 'ps
1 $? $,YF & T$ ? "? f' %
1 ~s
' M$T' $ $
the other one, he will be
crucified.
Q
& ? -1 &? #& E$
"?$
D#1,E$
____ from festering water. { '
$ 0{ $ f1 ' ?ps
1 &
So We brought down water
from the sky and _______.
& &,YF $51 p? 1 }?? 0| $ 0' $,"s
f1 ' $56$ /1}??
When Moses ____ for water
for his nation. We asked him,
<
1 #' :
1
$56 pF ? ' ' 1 p? ' $& ?ps 1 @$1
m6 ='
“Beat the stone with your
stick.”
#$ %
$4$ 6
$ $-+$ ('
_____ whomever He pleases
towards the right path.
{ 'p@$s
1 &
{
$#
' ?=' 0 $r$ f1 $ '31 $

Change English '(#

O our Lord! Don’t deviate our
hearts after that _____ us.
$5@$1$ U$ m6 =' $ +1 ($ $5($F.F Û
6 ' >& K $5"()$
In the same way, Allah
clarifies His signs for you so d? &@$31 >$ 1 GF j+$ ? ' >'$ 1 GF ? & j
f& ~M$&
$ 'Z? ?Y
that _____.
Those who believed and did
not joined their faith with
$ '?1 F { 6 qF (' 1 3& /$$o='
&sM'6 $ 1 ?$
&5$ f$ 'Zj
offence, for them there is

peace and they ______.
d? &@$31 & 1 U& $ f& 1 zy
1 3& ?
Are ____ with the worldly life
as compared to the Hereafter? [
& $@$ $,? ]' #$ E'
f1 ' $/1A
]' $4
$ 6'( 1 @&':)$ ?
So the worldly life is too
small as compared to the ;b '.? jK=' ]' #$ E'
' $/1A
]' $4
$ 6
Hereafter.
Allah ____ with them and
____ with Him.
& 51 $
&:)$ $ 1 3& 51 $ & j
$ :
' )$
The Knower of hidden
secrets. He does not open His
jK=' .
D$T? ' M'1 S? ?$ #& 3' q6 & ? Q
' 1 L$ 6
& '$
secrets on anyone except the
Prophets _____.
{ &)$ f1 ' $>$)1
f1 $
And ____ them from the
wealth of Allah that He ____ 1 YF $> 'Zj
' j
' $ f1 ' 1 U& &> $
you.
And Lut, when he said to his 1 @&/1?$ *? r

$ T' ?86
d? &>}6 >$ ? ' ' 1 p? ' ? ?. m6 =' DF$
nation, “Do ____ vulgarity
and then you watch it.” d? &#-' M1 >&
So whoever _____, became
careful, testified with
.$5s
14& 6'( u
$ "
$ $ .?p">
$ ?v1 ? f1 $ "}??
righteousness, We shall soon
make life easy for him.
$#s 1 &6 ' & #& ~s$5&s
$ ?
Your Lord will ____ so you
_____.
$:#1 @$?
$ A()$
$ 'v+1 &
$ 1 s
$ ?$

Change English '(#

I reply for the call of the ____
when ____ me.
'/$!$
?m=' '
"
]? $ 1 !$ Q
& 'F
____ on your Lord with AQ4
' & K & "/=' *D $86 E& $ DA#
$ >$ 1 GF "()$
&!1
humility and privately. Verily

He does not like the _____. f$ '@$+1 ,& 6
Keep yourself content with 1 3& "()$ d? &1 $ f$ 'Zj

$ $ $ s $ 86 /$ #1 M'
1
$
~r' +$ 6
$ ]'
$L$ 6'(
those who _____ on their
Lord morning & evening.
Allah created every living
creature from water. From f1 $ 1 3& 51 ,' ? 0{ $ f1 ' *{ "(
$! j;YF $ ? E$ & j
$
them, there are which ____ on
their bellies.
' 5'v6 ($ ?$ 'r,1 $
We have not sent prophets
before you except that they
1 3& "/=' jK=' i
$ ' $ #1 ,& 6
f1 '
$ ? M1 .? $56 $ 1)? $
use to eat food and used to
____ in markets.
u
'
$1 zy
' d? &r,1 $$ P$ $+jv
d? FYF }6 $?
Verily Allah commands you
for justice, benevolence, and 'm 0' $@'=$ d' $sT1 '
$ ' 1 +$ 6'( #& & }6 $ $ j
jd='
____ to relatives and ____
from vulgarity, wickedness ' L1 M$6
$ #' G? 5&,6
$ 0' $r4
1 8? 6
f1 $ $351 $$ $(#1 pF 6
and rebellion.
And those who ____ whatever
____ and their hearts are full 1 3& "/? *b ? ' $ 1 3& (&F.F $
$> $ d? &>1 & f$ 'Zj
$
of fear by the very idea that
they have to return to their d? &+'
$) 1 3' ~()$ ?='
Lord.
Verily Satan intends to stir up
enmity and hatred between ]? $
$+$ 6
1 GF 5$1 ($ $ .' & d6 ? dF ?v1 "r
& '#& $,"/='
you by intoxicants and
gambling, and to prevent you f1 $ 1 YF "- & $$ #' s ' 1 ,$ 6
$ #' ,1 H
$ 6
' 0y $L1 M$6
$
from remembering Allah and
from the prayer. So will you d? &3@$5& 1 @&/1? ;6 3$ ? ]' "-
f1 $ $ ' j
#' Y6 m'
not _____?

Change English '(#

So if they repent, establish ]? ?Y"

1>$ $ ]? "-

&?.?$
&($> d6 '?
prayer and ____ Zakat, then
____ their way. $ ?
1 3& ? 'M$
H
____ whatever is in it and
_____.
O
1 jH
$ >$$ $3' $ O
1 p? 6?$
Those who ____ the worldly
life for the Hereafter.
]' #$ E' '( $/1A
]? $4
$ 6
d? &#r
1 $ f$ 'Zj
From the people, there is a

person who ____ frivolous
j;
' &'
' '4
$ 6
$ 31 ? '#@$r
1 $ f1 $ ' "5
f1 ' $
tales to deviate from Allah’s
way.
' j
;' 'M$ f1 $
If they turn, they will fall in
dissention, so soon Allah will
1 3& G? '8G6 $s
$ ? u
{ ?p`' ' 1 U& $,"/'?
1j$ >$ d6 ='
_____ for you and He is the
Listener, the Knowledgeable.
& '+$ 6
& ',"s
$ U& $ & j
Verily _____ you from the

mockers.
i
$ R'' 31 @$s
1 ,& 6
$ $51 8? Y? "/='
Your Lord ____ (to count) the
sins of His slaves, the
D\'-($
D\'ME$ ' !' $M' <
' &/ZF ('
$ ~(#$ (' ?8Y?
Knowledgeable, the Observer.
Verily the prayer ____ the
vulgarity and evil practices.
#' G? 51 ,& 6
$ 0' $r4
1 8? 6
f1 $ $351 >$ ]? "-
jd='
The one who ____ standing
before his Lord and ____ his
f1 $ w
$ 86 "5
$3/$$ ' ~()$ P$ ?p$ $ $E f1 $ "?
soul from evil desires, verily
the Paradise will be his home.
$}6 ,$ 6
$ U' *? "5%
$ 6
jd'? .$3$ 6
Don’t ___ on the earth

arrogantly.
DT$#$ x
' )1 zy
' ©
' ,1 >$ K
So ___ whatever you are ]? $4
$ 6
' Z' U$ 'p6 >$ $,"/=' x
{ ?. O
$ /1? $
' .6 ?
going to ____. Verily _____
only in this world. $/1A

Lesson 11B: Principles of Hadith Evaluation
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we are providing you selected passages of the famous book
of Ibn Hajar A’sqalahani, #?q"5
*' U$ 1 /&. The author wrote a small booklet on the Build Your Personality
subject named #G8
*Mô. Then he wrote the commentary of his own booklet. Think by your own mind,
We are presenting the original booklet in the upper segment in blue color not that of someone
and its commentary in the lower segment in black color. The subject of else.
these books is to describe the “Principles of Hadith Evaluation”.
#%T f(
À
: 5-
#?z
;' U? _
' ?v-
1 & ' #?G8'
*' M$H
1 /& _
' ':1 >$ ' #?q"5
*' U$ 1 /&
(ÏU 852 : Æ@
) Éps+
*D Y
' "5
¼'= & ? $ )1 ? Z
{ ",4
$ & /'$ $
¨ 1
D#. D,$ 6 $ $ 1 ? Z
' & ,À
' $ /-"@
jd' : & +1 ($ "? .
D\Y D,1s>$ $ j$ ' M'4
1$ { ,¾ ' ND
#Z$/
D\r$(
2c
1 #$ FY? 1 .?
' $46
;' U? a
' 'v1
.
D\MG$> &#~MYF N&
$ #` K & $ T

K'= '= K d6 ? & 3`? ND
\-$( D+,$
D#& DA. DT .1
P] ' & #1 3& $
"#
{ ",¾ ( :p
m ' $ "5 $ f$ ' "? f',? :
' ?À
t' p
' *' ,RÄ .2
"5G NA)($s1 "5
'
' M ( & Y' À
.Q
1 ' 1 @$s 1 $ ? "5G N;8
¢~4,6
(@Y ' [360H
p(? ND$#H 1 @$s
1 & ' (@Y ;',+$ N[430H P] A/'3Mz
1+$ /& (? > .Q 1 ~>#$ & ? < 1 kZ3$ & ?
*'
#
i ' /
. ' $ "5- N[463H P] A!
$L1 M$
#{ G( ( Q & vÁ
U$+( 0y "F .Q ' kp+$ @$,& 0y `?
d' 5F f' f j;. .'"s
' 1 "r
<
'
! $ È
",$ D(@Y 3'(
! ' N?*8G
",$ D(@Y
f$ ; Y : *? v? p6 /& f& ( #' G( ( F ?À
. ,Y d? G N
D!$#86 & D(@Y ' ' $ "5$ . jK'= ' ?À
. ' M'@&YF b Q ' v?Á

$ +( i
$ ~4
$ ,6
jd? $ ' $ $ - $ /1?
Selectively D$#H
1 @$s
1 & One who intends
D#& Excursion of the Insight #?q"5
*' U$ 1 /&
One coming after
other
Q
' kp+$ @$& He wrote a book
$ "5
$ Selection of thoughts #?G8'
*' M$H
1 /&
It is less j;. It is wide enough Q'1 @$s
1 $ Terminology _
' ?v-
1 &
He wrote a book
$ -
$ /1? He refined <kZ3$ & Experts of Hadith &
Knowledge of Companions
#?z
;' U?
Family, children b ' He organized Q
1 ~>#$ & Experts of Hadith
' $46
;' U?

1 .c
1 #$ -
' @&E1
O
1 v? s
' (&
:Q
{ -$5( ' +

ZU f' Z? E$ }? Q
' vH6
f' #$ "E}?$> f$ [ & +( &U$ +(] 0y "F ((s
u)
f)
( .“[,1
<@Y ' [,6z
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A. All of them are great experts of Hadith related to different ages.
B. These are different types of books written in the arts related to Hadith. “Mukhtasir” is a small book written on a
specific topic. “Mustarik” is a book supplementing another book. “Muqtasir” is a book including all concepts related
to a limited topic. “Mu’aridh” is a book in refutation of other while “Mutasir” is a book in support of other book.

Scattered,
miscellaneous
c
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easy
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from a camel etc.
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expert)
[,1
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abundant
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The phrase d6 & ')F is used to give the sense of “I wish to” e.g. Q
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of *
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A. Translation of v Ã-E P, is “Absolute relationship of general & specific from one side”. It is a term of
Logic (v5
). It means that, for instance, A and B are related to each other in a manner that all A’s are B but all
B’s are not A. For example, all novels are books but all books are not novels. Therefore, the novels and books have
relationship of v Ã-E P,.

Transmitted by many
people
#' >&
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Histories, plural of
)>
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A. ‘Tawatur’ is a term of history that some information is transferred from one generation to another generation by
the agreement of a large number of un-related persons. The author has described four conditions for ‘Tawatur’. (a)
The number of persons describing it should be large enough. (b) The ‘Tawatur’ should be there from the origin to
the end. (c) They have listened or observed the matter, it should not be judgmental. (d) It should add to the
knowledge of the person. We know the world well-known events by Tawatur.
Their agreement &3p? F

> Proposition, theorem *' "
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look, listen, taste etc.)
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A. Knowledge has two types. One is definite knowledge. Every person knows that sun rises from the East and sets
into the West. This type of knowledge is available to everyone. It is called )#
. On the other side, there is
knowledge available to the experts only who have the capability to think in detail and derive hidden information. It
is called #q5
.
B. The basic criteria to evaluate the authenticity of a Hadith are two: (1) The person who narrate a Hadith are
reliable in their character. This is termed as #
c8 (2) Each of them has obtained the Hadith from his teacher in
a direct contact. This is described as
!z
n.
Thinking deeply #' q? "5

It appeared a
$K One who is useful & '8,& 6
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from arguments
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& 4
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A .
&

A. All information about the Prophet
coming by #>
@ method will be accepted because there is no
doubt about it. The information coming through single-narrated Hadith will be evaluated. There are three
possibilities in that evaluation: (1) If all the narrators of a particular Hadith are reliable, the Hadith will be accepted.
(2) If even a single narrator is unreliable, the Hadith will be rejected. (3) If the matter is doubtful, then further
evidence will be collected to declare the Hadith reliable or unreliable. If there is no further evidence, then the matter
will be suspended and the Hadith will not be used in religious affairs.
Indicator *b 5$#. It dominates _"#$ @$$ Accepted F M6p?
It will be attached & 4

' 6 >& Informer #' M'H
1 & Rejected !& &!#1 ?
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$ @$6
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;' .' "5
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' .>
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$ k.& >& It will be left a
& #$ v6 & Majority )' 31,È
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A
A. Here the author is describing the details of further evidence which indicate that a Hadith is authentic and reliable:
(1) The Hadith is reported by Imam Bukhari (d. 256H) or Muslim (d. 261H). Since both of them are the most expert
scholars in this area. Therefore, a Hadith reported by either of them in their “Saheeh” is considered reliable.
(2) The Hadith is well known from different sources free of weaknesses in the narrators.
(3) The Hadith is accepted by the great experts of Jurisprudence e.g. Malik, Abu Hanifa etc.
B. The word ; b ? ' is plural of *b ? ' that is used in Hadith-related disciplines as “hidden weaknesses” in the chain of
narrators. For example, Person X (born in 140H) is reporting a Hadith on the authority of another person Y who died
in 130H. It means that X cannot narrate a Hadith on the authority of Y because he died before birth of X. There may
be a hidden person between X & Y. Since he is unknown, therefore, the Hadith will be unauthentic.
Distinguishing ' 1,>$ Narrators, plural of

) ]'
$A#
Divided *$,s
' p? 51 ,& 6
They accept kp? >$ Hidden problems ;' ? +'

Indicators, plural of *5#. f' R'
#?p
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$ & Continuously transmitted ;'s$s& According to the
preferred point of view
)' @H&,6
$
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memorized the Hadith
á
' j84
& 6
Something enclosed by A @$4
1 ,& 6
He emphasized a
$ "#
$ Proficient, expert f$ 1 5'p' @$,& 6
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exclusive
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A. There are mainly two reasons for rejecting a Hadith: (1) The name of one or more narrators is not provided in the
chain of narrators. (2) There is a blame on one or more narrators to be dishonest or not properly maintaining the
Hadith in their memory or in written format. In both cases, the Hadith will be rejected.
B. If one or more narrators are missing, it is called a + Hadith. It is a general term. If two continuous narrators are
missing, the issue will become more serious and the Hadith will be called ;+. If a person deliberately conceals the
name of his teacher and directly relates it to the teacher of his teacher which is a fraud, it is called w.
He relates it & 8? & Narrator {

$) Lack, fall, missing µ
{ p6 $
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two narrators are unknown
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process
0
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narrators are eliminated
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A. Mursal is a Hadith in which a Tabii’ (student of a companion of the Prophet
) narrates something
directly from the Prophet. Here the name of the companion is unknown. There is a chance that the Tabii’ is reporting
the Hadith on behalf of another Tabii’ who may not be reliable. Since it is the matter of associating something to the
Prophet, therefore. the Mursal Hadith is not accepted.
B. If a Tabii’ usually describes Mursal Hadith and it is well-known that he reports only behalf of a companion or
another reliable Tabii’, even then that Mursal Hadith will remain between acceptance and rejection according to the
majority of Hadith experts. Another opinion is that such Hadith should be accepted. If the reputation of that Tabii’ is
that he narrates Hadith from reliable and unreliable people, then the Mursal Hadith will not be accepted.
It is different f& 'M& Maliki School of

Thought
i
$ ~G'
Which is taken to ;F $ #1 F
A Hadith with complete

chain of narrators

D$5s
1 & Kufi School of Thought
i.e. Hanafi
i
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$ "#@ It gets support of $
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A. “Ijazah” is permission of a Mohadith to a student to narrate Hadith on his behalf even he has not directly listened
Hadith from him. This usually occurs when the teacher has trust in him. “Wijadah” means that a person finds a book
of an author written in his own hand-writing. Therefore, the finder starts narrating Hadith on behalf of that author.
This may occur even if there is a gap of centuries between the two person. Confirmation is required that the book
really belongs to the author. This confirmation is obtained by carbon tests, or some scientific methods.
Date of death c
' $ Expert, skillful u
&
jZ4
& 6
Being in continuation Ç
"@
Traveling to learn
Hadith
' 4'>)1
Permission ]b 2'
It is perceived or known & )$ 1 &
It is disclosed _
$' @&6
Finding a book of an author
written by his own hand
]b !$ $' Meeting, visiting ."@
They claimed
$"!
Containing ' 5'A,> It is needed ²
$ '@T1
He deceived $ U$ ? Date & place of birth '

Meeting "p'

$ 6 $ 1 ? #{
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?
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A. If a person uses general words like “Mr. X said” or “It is narrated from Mr. X”. The words do not indicate that
the narrator has listened the Hadith directly from Mr. X. This is called “Tadlees” and such Hadith is called
“Mudallas”. It is a form of deceit. An interesting form of “Mudallis” is “Mursal Khafi”. A Hadith is called “Mursal
Khafi” when a person Y narrates that “It is narrated from Mr. X”. X and Y belong to the same period of time but
they live in different countries or cities. It is not clear whether they met each other or not. Such Ahadith are also not
authentic because there is a hidden gap between X and Y.
B. They (i#H
) are the people who were present at the Prophet’s
time but did not met him. Hadith
described by them is also “Mudallis” but it is acceptable because it is confirm that they would have heard the Hadith
from a companion and all companions of the Prophet are reliable.
Leader (of Hadith) P{ '= Medium *b v'

Contemporary people #{
' +&
Expert { jv& Emphasis P' 1 $ He did not meet $ 6 $ 1 ?

? 4' @'? 86 S? ? £3' v' ? S? ©' 4

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A. There are ten reasons for not accepting the Hadith described by a narrator, five related to his reliability and five
related to his apprehension. First five include: (1) Associating fake Hadith to the Prophet
(2) Even
a blame for it; (3) Committing too much mistakes; (4) Careless behavior; (5) Immoral character.
Other five related to apprehension include: (1) Being doubtful or illusive. (2) Narrating Hadith contradicting to that
of reliable narrators. (3) Lack of knowledge about reliable and unreliable narrators. (4) Following something
wrongly associated to the Prophet. (5) Having a bad memory
Expertise, taking care d' p1>'

Care 0 5@K
Blame on a narrator f& +1 jv
Declaring a narrator
reliable
;b +> Distinction ' ÷ Blame O$,31 >&
Declaring a narrator
unreliable
_
X #%$> Interest, logical reason *{ 4-$' Too much ©
' 4
1 F
Enmity ]{ $ /$+ Descending order k"@
Illusion, doubt ' U$ $
Deliberately
D~,+$@ Reliability *' ?
+

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A. Here the names of different types of rejected Hadith are described based on the 10 attributes of narrators
mentioned above. They are in descending order i.e. from the worst to better. They are:
(1) Al-Maudu’: Fake Hadith. The Hadith described by a narrator who associates fake Hadith to the Prophet.
(2) Al-Matrook: The Hadith described by a narrator who is blamed for associating fake Hadith to the Prophet.
(3, 4, 5) Al-Munkar: The Hadith whose any narrator commits a lot of mistakes, is careless or have some moral
weaknesses in his character. A’sqalani has given it the name of Al-Munkar. Other authors use this term differently.
(6) Al-Mu’allal: If a narrator of a Hadith has doubts or illusions, it is termed as Al-Mu’allal.
(7) Due to a mistake in a Hadith, there are several possibilities:
Al-Mudraj: The Hadith having some mistake causing a difference with the same Hadith described by others.
Al-Maqloob: The Hadith in which the names of narrators are replaced due to a mistake.
Al-Mazzel Fi Muttasil Al-Asanid: The Hadith in which additional names of narrators are added due to a mistake.
Al-Musahhaf: The Hadith in which dots of Arabic letters are misplaced.
Al-Muharraf: The Hadith in which there are mistakes in writing.
(8) The Hadith in which narrators names are not properly described. This usually occurs when a person who has
several names, he is famous by one name but another name is described. It does not have a specific name.
(9) The Hadith narrated by an apostate person who preaches his apostasy.
(10) The Hadith narrated by a person having bad memory. If it is a permanent problem, the Hadith is called “Al-
Shaz” and if it is temporary, then the Hadith is called “Al-Mukhtalat”.

Action that lead to immoral
character
{ ~s8? & Descriptions (of names) c
$ &+/& Exchange,
replacement
'
$(=
One who actively preach
his religion
*b $'
! Explaining _":$ ,& 6
It is not possible to
prioritize one of them
_
{ "#$ & K
Temporary DR)' ? Action that lead to apostasy #{ k8G? & Writing kµH
$ 6

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A. This is the classification of Hadith in terms of its origin. If it is associated to the Prophet, it is called Marfu’, if
associated with a companion, it is called Mauquf and if associated with a Tabii’ or his student, it is called Maqtu’.
B. Here the author is describing different words used in delivering a Hadith by a teacher to the students. (1) I have
listened, he described it to me. (2) He informed me, I read it in front of him. (3) It was read to him and I was
listening. (4) He related it to me. (5) He gave it to me. (6) He allowed me orally. (7) He wrote to me. (8) From him,
it is narrated.
These words indicate the strength of link between the teacher and the student in a descending order. If the Hadith is
mentioned in first six words, it indicates that the student has obtained it from the teacher in a direct meeting. The last
two words indicate that the student has not directly obtained the Hadith from his teacher. It requires further
investigation to confirm whether the student has obtained it directly from his teacher or not.
Oral
' j8? @$F
He gave to me '5?$ / Silent approval #' #p$>
Giving something *' ?$ 5F
The most clear 3&T#$
1 ? End *F S
Linking it 3$/
#'@.6
Dictation 01'
Words of
communication
0'
$!z
nF $
'
Notification P' 1'
Allowing orally *? 3$ ? rF
Mentioned, pointed
out
)& r

Lesson 12A: Words as the Two Source Letter 8
Dear Reader!
If two out of three source letters are or , the word is called
8. You need not to learn special rules for it. The rules Take care of your parents. They
learnt in previous lessons are enough. Its types are as follows: have done a lot for you.
/ as First Two Source Letters

• It is extremely rare in Arabic that *,Y [ are / . There are a few nouns used in the Quran
meeting this condition but no verb is derived from them. For example PX $ Nb;$ etc.
/ as First and Third Source Letters u#8 8
• If *,Y of a word are / , it is called u#8 8. From one angle, it is like and from
another angle, it is 7./. So the rules of both of them will be applicable on these words.
• When the rules of both and 7./ are applied on especially P+ #:T #, its both *,Y / are
deleted and only the *,Y [ remains. For example:
u
' 1 .' 1
' :(to protect) u ! •
• If *,Y / [ of a word are / , it is it is called d#p 8. From one angle, it is like and from
another angle, it is 7./. So the rules of both of them will be applicable on these words. Normally, there
is at *,Y [ and at *,Y . Its reverse is not possible. For example 1 ' L1 $
1 $ S? (to go astray), $ ' $
$s1 $ (to be equal).
• Sometimes, / is repeated in a word. It is allowed to merge or not merge them. For example: $4 1 $ $ 'T$
( to be alive), 1 $+1 $ $ '$ (to be tired). These words can also be read as "+$ $ "$ N"4 1 $ "T$ .
Rule of the Day!

The word ;´ YF is used to emphasize that all of the them did something e.g.
1 3& YF *F G? R'$,6
$ %
$s
$ ? (All of the angels prostrated) etc.
Worth Reading
How creativity can be improved? Think outside the box. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0013-Pineye.htm

Test Yourself
Å+ á8 ! Å+ á8 !

To remain alive $4
1 $ $ 'T$ a To be equal, to be
in order
$s
1 $
$ ' $
To cause life 0e $T1 = += To make equal, to
bring in order
*b $' s
1 >$ ;+8>
To salute, to pray
for life
*b "4
' >$ ;+8> To be dominant ?$ 0e
$@'1
+'@
To be hesitant, to
seek life
0e $4
1 @'1
+8@
To target
something
?= 0e
$@'1
+'@
To fall down '31 $ $U$ To fulfill, to carry

out
'8$ ?$
To like $31 $
$ ' U$ To fulfill promise,
to complete
0e ?8= +=
To be tired $+1 $ $ $$ [ To pay in full, to

give full rights
*b $' $> ;+8>
To comprehend,
to memorize
'+$ $$ [ To take full rights,
to cause death
j$ >$ ;+8>
To protect, to
save
'p$ ?.$ u To twist '6 $ $?
To be careful 0e ?p~>
+@
To complicate e*$' 6 >$ ;+8>
Rule of the Day!

In order to relate a person with a country, tribe, profession, city or anything else, a
is
added to the name of that country, tribe or city. It is called Qs5
0. In English an “i” or
a “ean” or “ior” is added in such cases. For example '(# (Arabian), /'$@s'Y(
(Pakistani), (')$ (European), `
' #$ .? (Quraishi), ('#$ T$ (Warrior), ,' % $ $ (Non-Arab) etc.
For women, a round ] is added at the end of such words e.g. *b ` ' #$ .? (Quraishi woman) etc.

Change English '(#

Verily, those who denied, it is 1 3& >$)1 Z? /?0 1 3' 1 ? $ 0e
$$
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
jd='
0e
$$
X
$$
d? &5' 1 & K 1 U& )1 Z' 5&> 1 ? P1 ?
____ for them whether you warn
them or not, they will not believe.
Whoever replaces the faith with 0y

$$ j;:
$ 1 p? ? d' $o' '( #$ 86 GF 6
6 "M$@$$ f1 $
;' 'M"s
disbelieve, definitely he goes

deviates from the _____ path.
On that day, those who denied

and disobey the Prophet will
? &"#

1- $ $ $
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
A!$ $ Z{ '$1 $
desire that they were ____ with $ j
d? &,@&G6 $ K$ x
& )1 zy
1 3' (' "s $ >& 1 ?
the earth; for they will not be able
to hide any thing from Allah. D'T$
Verily, your Lord is Allah Who

c
'
$,$ "s
$ ? E$ 'Zj
& j
1 GF "()$ jd='
created the heavens and the earth
in six periods, then ____ towards
?$ $@$1
"F P{ "? *' "@' ' x
$ )1 zy
$
the Throne.

' #1 +$ 6
They are not ____ in front of

Allah.
' j
$ 51 ' d? &@$s
1 $ K
Either We shall definitely show 1 ? 1 U& & +' /$ 'Zj

$ +1 ($
$ "5$#' /& "='$
you some part of what We have
promised them or We will ____.
$ "5$j$ @$/$
I worship Allah Who shall ____ d6 ? c
& #1 ' F$ 1 YF j$ @$$ 'Zj
$ j
& M&1 ?
and I am instructed to be one
from the believers. i
$ 5'' 1 ,& 6
f1 ' d? FY?
_____ the promise. Verily, the .KD Fs
1 $ d? ?Y $ 31 +$ 6
jd=' ' 31 +$ 6'(
F1 ?$
promise will be asked for. And
____ the measure whenever you
&/2' $ 1 @&6 Y'
?m=' ;? 1 G? 6

F1 ?$
measure, and weigh with a right
measure. ' 'p@$s
1 ,& 6
' ?vs 1 p' 6'(

Change English '(#

That day, Allah ____ reward
they deserve, and they will d? &,? +1 $$ "4
$ 6
1 3& 5$'! & j
1 3' k$ & Z{ '$ 1 $
realize that Allah is the One i
& M',& 6
A4 $ 6
$ U& $ j
jd?
Who manifests the truth.
____ the oath and fear the day & A#`$ d? ?Y D1$ d? F$H$$ )' Z6 "5'( d? F&
that is full of widespread terror.
D\'v@$s1 &
Whatever you spend from K 1 @&/1?$ 1 GF 1 ?=' "$ & #{ 1 E$ f1 '
Fp8' 5&> $$
d? &,? q6 >&
wealth, it ____ towards you
and you will not be wronged.
A group among them ____
their tongues while reading the
Book (Torah) so that you
<
' $@G' 6'( 1 3& @$5$s
' 6? d? &6 $ Dp'#8? ? 1 3& 51 ' jd='$
consider it a part of the Book
and actually it is not a part of
<
' $@G' 6
f1 ' $ U& $$ < ' $@G' 6
f1 ' & &Ms $ 14@$'
the Book.
And if ____ or turn your faces, $,(' d? ?Y $ j

jd'?
&:#' +1 >& 1 ?
&6 >$ d6 ='$
then Allah is observing what
you do.
D\'ME$ d? F,$ +1 >$
When they are asked, “Come!
So that the Prophet of Allah
F &)$ 1 GF ? #1 8' L1 @$s
1 $
1?$+>$ 1 3& ? ;? '.
?m='$
seek forgiveness for you, they
____ their heads and you find
1 U& $ d? A-
& $ 1 3& @$1?)$ $ 1 3& $ 0)&
1"? ' j
them declining in an arrogance

manner.
d? &#M'G6 @$s
1 &
Is He not powerful enough to
____ to the dead?
$>1 ,$ 6
$ '4
1 & d6 ? ?$ ){ !' ?p('
$ 'm? w
$ 1 ??
Verily, Allah does not _____ to
describe a parable of a
$
D ?$ <
$ #'
1 $ d6 ? '4
1 @$s 1 $ K $ j
jd='
mosquito or something greater
than it.
$3.? 1 ? $,? *D :
$ &+($

Change English '(#

He is the One Who ____ then 1 GF '4
1 & "F 1 GF @&',& "F 1 YF $T1 ? 'Zj
$ U& $
)X F8G? ? d? $s/'
jd='
He causes you to die, then
_____. Verily man is thankless.
Allah, there is no god except

Him, ____ and the Eternal.
P& Ap? 6
A4
$ 6
$ U& jK=' $ ?=' K & j
When you _____, then ____ in a 1 ? $351 ' f$ s

$ T1 }?('
A4
$ ? *{ "4
' @$(' 1 @&~T&
?m='$
better way or return the same. $UA!)&
Their call is “O Allah! You are 1 3& @&"4
' >$$ "3& j

$ /$$4M1 & $3' 1 U&
$1 !$
free from all weaknesses.” And
their ____ is “Peace on you.” PX $ $3'
Whenever a great Prophet came
to you with that your souls did
$31 >$ K $,(' b &)$ 1 YF 0y $ $,jGF ? ?
not ____. You became arrogant.
Then you denied a group (of
Dp'#? $ 1 @&(1jZY? Dp'#8? ? 1 >&#1 M$G6 @$1
1GF s
& 8F /?
prophets) and killed the other
group.
d? F@&p6 >$
So turn the hearts of people
____ them and provide them
1 3' 1 ?=' '31 >$ ' "5
f1 ' ]D $ '6 ? ;6 +$ 1 ?
fruits, so that they may become
thankful.
d? &#GF r 1 $ 1 3& j+$ ? c
'
$#,$ j
f1 ' 1 3& .6 2& )1
$
So whoever associate a partner
with Allah, it is like that he falls
0' $,"s
f1 ' "#E$ $,"/}?G? ? ' j'( 1 #' r
1 & f1 $ $
from a height, then his body is
either snatched away by the
' _
& ~#
' (' '31 >$ 1 ? #& 1 jv
& 8F v? H
1 @$?
birds or ____ by the wind to a
far-away place.
{ '4$ d{ ?G$
Whoever likes this worldly life
and its enjoyments, ____ of their
~$ /& $3@$5$'2$ $/1A
]? $4
$ 6
& '#& d? ?Y f1 $
deeds and they will not be
diminished.
d? &sH $ M1 & K $3' 1 U& $ $3' 1 3& ?$,1 ? 1 3' 1 ?='

Change English '(#

For them, there is a
punishment in this world and <
&
?Z+$ ?$ $/1A
]' $4
$ 6
' < X
?Z$ 1 3& ?
u
{
$ f1 ' ' j
f1 ' 1 3& ? $$ A`$ ? ]' #$ E'
the reward of Hereafter is the

hardest. There will not be any
____ from Allah.
Allah caught them for their ' j
f1 ' 1 3& ? d? ?Y $$ 1 3' ('&/ZF (' & j
1U& Z? E$ }??
u
{
$ f1 '
sins and there is no ____ from
Allah.
Do they not see that Allah is

the One Who created the
heavens and the earth and
c
'
$,$ "s
$ ? E$ 'Zj
$ j
jd?
1#$ $ 1 ?$ ?
their creation has not ____ d6 ? ?$ ){ !' ?p(' "f3' p' 6 H
$ (' $ +1 $ 1 ?$ x
$ )1 zy
$
Him. He is powerful to ____
to the dead. Nay, Allah is #X '.? 0{ 1 `$ k;YF ?$ & "/=' ?($ $>1 ,$ 6
$ '4 1 &
powerful over everything.
So that We shall make it a
reminder for you so that your *b $'
$ db mF F $3$+' >$$ ]D #$ Y' Z6 >$ 1 GF ? $3? +$ %
1 5$'
ears ____.
O Believers! ____ yourself
and your family from the
1 GF 'U1 ?$ 1 GF s $ 8F /?
F.
&5$ f$ 'Zj
$3A? $
hellfire whose fuel is people
and stones.
]F )$ $%4 ' 6
$
& "5
$U!& F.$
D)$/
Was he not be a drop of
emitted semen, then he *D p? ? $ d? ?Y "F .$5,1 & 5'$ f1 ' *D 8? v6 /&
& $ 1 ??
became a leechlike mass, then
He (Allah) created him and "s $ ? $ ? H
$ ?
_____.
They are ones who spoke the
truth and they are ones who d? Fp"@,& 6
1 U&
$ '?1 F$
F.$
$ f$ 'Zj

$ '?1 F
_____.
____ Allah and bear in mind
that Allah is with the _____.
i
$ p' "@,& 6
$ $ $ j
jd?
&,? 1
$ $ j

Fp">
$

Lesson 12B: Intellectual Evolution in the First Four Centuries - Part I
Dear Reader!
In this & the next lesson, we shall study some
chapters of *LM

*%T which is a famous book of Don’t keep a grudge in your heart for others.
Holding grudges will just eat you up inside.
Shah Waliullah.
1'? U'!
'$
' $r' 2[
' &#8F
' f$ 1 +' ('@
*' (4-

' '@E
<
& M <
X $(
fG ? .¦/"$ & ' #r
' /'$2$ ' & p'8
f' GF $ ?

? ) d̈ :1 ? =
d? Y)z
& U' ' 3& $-.}'( d? &5M'$ F T 0' $3p? 8F
0' KU F 4$( ;F ' Z{ '$ $ P' GTz
' F 4M
3'+R'$5
$ f' )$ $ - &
d? &:#& 8$ N'' '$ ( #' E
f
¦2@,& 0{ ` ;' YF < $
!
? &#r &

¼= #& -$46
;F M&p$ d? &#-
& 4$ 46
;F M&p$ d? A4 & $ N'*:
$ &#8$,6
)' -
'> d? &,jG? @$$
( dZE}$ N&0y &:& & (&$4 $#$ }":$ @$$ dG

F) .m #1S
.k-
$ & & ?)$ ,Y d-& $> d? $#$ k- $ & dY .< X !$ m fX Y&)
ZU d̈ f$ ~M$& d6 #' 1 S f'
(1) Shah Waliullah is one of the most prominent intellectuals of 18th century. He lived at Delhi, India. He
died in 1176H/1762CE. This article describes the evolution of Juristic School of Thoughts during first
four centuries of Islam. (2) See the next page.
Rule of the Day!

The word = is used as an ;+8

. It gives the meaning of “I present it for you”. For example G=
#EF *D (I present some other examples for you), <@G

ZU = (I give this book to you) etc.

Etiquettes, non-
mandatory parts
<
$
!
Recorded, codified ¦/"$ & Reasons <
& M
Distinguished
¦2@,& Research, discussion
F 4M
Difference (of opinion)
' '@E
They assume d? &:#& 8$ The build d? &5M'$ Companions of the

Prophet
*(4-
Situations )$ $ -
&
Extreme, farthest $-. Followers (students) of
the Companions
f$ 1 +' ('@
Their actions 3'+R'$5

$ Their effort & U' ' 3& Minute details [
' &#8F
They limit d? A4

& $ Mandatory parts d? Y)z
It is not f' GF $ ?
They confine d? &#-
& 4$ Conditions
? &#r
&
Islamic Jurisprudence & p'8

f1 ~M$& ? .

& ?$T Q X S dY
ZU ;+ ,Y
+8 & "%T$ & 5
$ $#$ ? "²T$
@T ]{ K
$$ #' 1 L( db s/= }:@ d6 ;F ,' @$4$ / x 1 #$ 8$ ? .*b +$ ($) *b "@' 0' :
x $ &#F d̈
. .....0' `z
' Z' U f$ & /$F}s$
&/?Y $,j.? .
0` K̈= !' $s8?
' *' 4 $ ~-'( & GF 4$
f& +$ $ 5
:) <vÁ
f( #$ , O & +',$ / fG ? , 6 }?s$> K :5
:) #, f& (
...d? &#pF 5$> 35$ F }?s$/ "5YF $ 0{ $` f$ d? F}?s$> G/= :& ' p
. .f1 GF $ ? , ? }?$ f$
3' 'p& $$p?
= & ? #$> '3'@8&? ' R'?.$
'
& 5
' '@8$@s$
dY
5 ¦@'8$@s ( $@ ; YF .' $ #& G' 5&
¦#G5& & T& ' ,& D#+ d+8 F5
$#$
#G( ( dF Hr
dY ZY .c,@K
' dY ' & #$ G? / *' '?. ' ( .

' ) ' T f $ 5
d' K}s$ *' ?}?s$,6
' ,3? fG ?
m= #,
...
f'
& #$ "s$ '(4 ;F Y ?#$
*F ,$ 1#G
& >&!$ $ O/Y Z3 '*? ,&%6(
.' (' f' R'
$#p?

' F8T& ;' M. f' ¦3 0{ ` ;G
$ "#$ $3? p? $ $3q? 8' 4
$ N'@$
' . &
$$@? '>
!M
From previous page. (2) The core content of the religion is described in the Quran. The Prophet taught
the core deeds e.g. the Prayer, Zakat, Hajj etc. in a practical way. No difference of opinion exists among
the scholars from beginning till now about them. We will be accountable about them. The differences are
about minute details of all of them. We should not be disturbed due to such differences because they do
not result in an accountability in front of Allah. We should follow whatever point of view we find closest
to the spirit of the Quran and the Sunnah. The author has described the history of emergence of such
minute differences.

One who ask a legal
opinion
¦@'8$@s You investigate d? &#pF 5$> So they watched $ $ #$ ?
As a summary *' ? ,&%6( They ask him his legal
opinion
' '@8$@s$ It was not clarified f1 ~M$& ?
He understands it $3? p? $ Incidents ' R'?.$
Continuation ]{ K
$$
Surroundings,
dimensions

' F8T& Judicial decisions $$p?
It is possible ;F ,' @$4$
Indications, contextual
evidence
f' R'
$#p?
He praises it & T& ' ,& It is less in number that $,j.?

fX R'
#. c X
)z N's$5
3&+( < ' $M4'@K
3&+( *' T$ $(
3&+( ;? ,' 4 $
¼= c ' ?8@'
#' 1 S f' ²
$ ? j
dF $5',K
dF
$' K= U5 ]F $ ,&+
fG ? 5 *b $' Y O/Y
&U)$ &
& ² $ ? j>$ 35( , P' G
!& &-p$ d? &,3$ 8$ < &
#z
$#>$ ,Y K'@K
u ' #& F
.d&#+& r$ K T f 0' $,1
_
' '$@
_
' '#-$@(
$@$p& { T
;F Y ) .!' M
'
F."#8? >$ 3/= F .m U & 1#G
&#- $p? /
Q
& s$T { T
;F Y < $ $} 3
&@8$@ NF;R's,6
c
1 )$
$! &R.
c
' #FG .'T
5
f' *' $T' $/
$ #$ $ 1 ' '$#(' $ 3$ @$
<
'
% _& ' -& vM5@
q'8T , %$ ? d6 = .& v? M$5$@
& q? 8' T$
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!$ #$ v? .' >'$&-5$ ' $ G46
3

? ) )$
$! '@
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]-
':#S *' p? ?
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¦3 F}$ K U $,F$T
:<
{ &#:& 35(
(1) See the next page
It produced c
1 )$
$! Reasoning K'@
Being permitted *' T$ $(
According to what Q
& s$T Arab villagers <
&
#z
Being preferred <
' $M4'@
He derived from him & v? M$5$@

It becomes cool
(satisfied)
²
$ ? j>$ Being subrogated or
cancelled

' s$5
He performed Ijtihaad
with his own opinion
' '$#(' $ 3$ @$
Signals _
' '$@
Textual signs
(indicators)
c
X
)
Reason, rationale *? j+'
Allusions, indirect
signals
0' $,1
Enough *b $' Y
It caused to decide )$
$! It passed $p? /
Pillar, base ]F $ ,&+
Clear statement,
pronouncements
c
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$'
He forced out !$ #$ ? They
scattered/dispersed

F."#8? >$ Satisfaction dF $5',
He spared no effort (he

did his best)

¦3 F}$ K Leader $@$p& Cool (metaphor for
satisfaction)
²
$ ? j
Types <
{ &#:
& Direction, plural T
/ *' $T' $/ Drawing attention c
' ?8@'


ZU m ' ' '$#(' $ 3$ @$ #& E
& +1 ,$ s$ ? $@? *{ $?. ' ¦,G&T $ ,' $ ¦('4 d̈ :35
#& 3& q$ ]F #$ V? $5,& 6
,35( p d 3/ .... ' '4$ 6
& '
$& & !& $3@'
$ p? $ d $U& T$ :{ &&
& L$ F M$ d6 $3F' ....[1 &,s$,6
¼= !' 3'@
f$ & $ #$ ~fq?
Q & '?S ( p Z
' ( 46
' f$ +$ ? ;( N&!$ $3@'

1 #& @$ 1 ? ~fq
Q & S ( p Z
' $
K fG F 46
.....D F 46
= ;F - ' $ K d6 3&+('
) .... ' 46
*' ($#Fp
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& +( & ? ,$ 4
$ +' ;+

F )
$#$ d6 <' &#&
$'> f'
.... 3 d' $s$5
' 3$s
& @E
35 ....2 ' U$

& '@E
35 ...1 *' T(
3&+(
' ,$%6
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*' j' ' 3F@E
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& @E
35
6 .... f' 1 8? ' @$H&,6
f1(
From previous page. (1) “Ijtihad bir Rai” means that a pronouncement about something is not available
in the Quran and the Sunnah, so an expert exerts his / her efforts to derive a law in that based on some
similar situation described in the Quran & the Sunnah.
For this page. The author has described various reasons for difference of opinion in Sahaba. They
include: (1) Difference in considering an action preferred or merely allowed. (2) Misunderstanding a
directive. (3) Difference due to inattention or forgetfulness. (4) Difference in maintaining some
information in mind. (5) Difference due to determining the rationale of each directive. (6) Difference in
reconciling two different situations i.e. a person reconciles in one way while other does the same in a
different way.
Oversight, inattention ' 3$s

Listened (Hadith) [
1 &,s$ That it happens $ p? $ d
Forgetfulness d' $s$5
He challenged
(authenticity of Hadith)
f$ +$ ? A formal debate,
discussion, dialogue
]F #$ V? $5,& 6
Precision, control,
maintaining
µ
' M$
So he assumed it & ? ,$ 4
$ Dimension, way '
Gathering,
reconciliation
' ,$%6
(An action for being near
(to Allah) Q4@s *' ($#Fp
He withdrew (from his
opinion)
& $ #$
Two different situations f' 1 8? ' @$H& Misunderstanding,
misconstruing
' U$

{ T
;F Y d? &+('$@
35 Z? E$ ?
'M5
< ' 4 Q & U'
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Q' U
Z

' ) ' T f' $ ,' $ '84 . #$ s $ ">$
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& +( _ $ ")$ #$ s$ ">$ & ? @$H&,6
$ ,$ $ .$3? p? $
...*' (4-
)' $MY' f$
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.z
+( 'U#' q$/
;F ' NXP= { ? ($ ;' Y ' Q $ -$ @$/
' '$T$ QX UZ i $ +(@
0' , f' { ' ;' G' )$ $ m 5'+
4$4$ :p
3'#U&
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f( +
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9fs46
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35
ZE 3
&MS? #$ '3' F& ¼=
¦!$MY
}?,$ V} .Pr(
d? &@8$@s&,6
35 $@8@
3's8/ ' 5 f' '3>'?p'p4$> 0' ,+
0' K&U$ Q $ U
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+H5
U
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f( & + dY .*F " ' .z
3= O 1 +$ ? )$ 35( ;? R's,6
c1 )$
$!
. ' ? s $
f$ ' UFp$> b < { ( ;' Y ' 3? dY 3&+,$ 1 ' p8
<$
(
&+,$ $ ,3F
All of above mentioned names are the most prominent scholars of the generations of Muslims during the
first & second centuries Hijra who learnt from the scholars of Sahaba in different cities. (1) Died
93H/712CE (2) 106H/725CE. (3) 124H/742CE. (4) 143H/761CE. (5) 135H/753CE. (6) 111H/732CE. (7)
96H/715CE. (8) 109H/728CE. (9) 109H/728CE. (10) 101H/720CE. (11) 118H/736.
Their opinions, plural of
. 3?'?. Transmitted, passed down
¦)F}$ By summarizing *' ? ,&%6'(
Researches c
' ?p'p4$> Great )' $MY' Points of view (not in
sense of religion)
Q
& U'
Z
Judicial decisions *F "
' .z
In front of him ' '$T$ The generation next
to *(4 d? &+('$@
Chapters <
$
( He was established Q
$ -
$ @$/
Whatever was easy
for him
#$ s
$ ">$
Principles b He made thirsty (a
metaphor for desire)
}?,$ V He preferred _
$ ")$
They received it UFp$> Hearts, plural of MY
¦!$MY Disputed,
controversial issue

& ? @$H&,6
Ancestors
' ? s
$
Their knowledge '3' F& It faded ;? 4
$ ,$ :

@ '3M'U$ Z ;F .' p'8

' ' 5
O
$ M$ f' 1 $ #$ 4
$ 6
;? U d̈ ¼= d&MU$ Z &(4 + dY
.*5$,6
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*? rR #, f(
'M @ $,U& . d? $,& #$ ,$ &
¦+,$ %& 35 dY , .© { '@8$> ){ M@
#$ q/ 3
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& #$ "s$ m f
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3/ U5 @E
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35
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(1) All great scholars of Sahaba (2) Both died in 62H/682CE and were students of A’bdullah Ibn Mas’ud
(3) 150H/767CE. (4) 157H/774CE. (5) A student of Ali and a famous judge of Kufa, d. 78H/697CE.
Priority ;F The most strong of it $U

$. Makkah & Madina f' 1 $ #$ 4
$ 6
Being a companion *' M$4&-

The most preferred of it 3$4' ) The most authentic O
$ M$
He made $ 5$
$ Logical reasoning
{ $.? Judges ]' ".F
Their footsteps 'U)' Process of deriving law by
logical reasoning
²
' '#H$> Investigation ©
{ '@8$>
He summarized for him 7
$ "H? They perused
&+M$"@>$ Agreed upon ¦+,$ %&
The most expert in
Jurisprudence
& p? Molar teeth (metaphor
for adherence)
'UZ' '
$/

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0' ?3?pF dF $s' Q & ~s
$ ,& 6
&f( & + dY
¼= < X s5 #' Yz
' / { T ¼= & $Ms $ 5$ ? 0{ $r(' $,jG? >$
?m .*' FG
0' 3p dF s & U
#(=
,35
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f' { T
.

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0' 3pF8
Q
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<
' M <
X (

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d̈ :=
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f,
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c '
y0$,1
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Face the Challenge! When the word dY is added to *,1
*,&, it gives Q-/
to the #$ME. Can you identify some other words which act in the same way?
Their teachers '3E' &`& Its just person & F&& Language (metaphor
for spokesperson)
dF $s'
They did not left any
effort

F}$ ? All #' R' The biggest memorizer
of them
&3qF 8? T
Indications, allusions c
'
y0$,1= Big persons, leaders 0'
$#M$YF Both of them did not
associate
& $Ms
$ 5$ ?
Judicial decisions c
'
y0$@'.
It was brought (for
consultation)
$ ' & He established }?r
$ /
Procedure & '5
$ They followed the
&%s $ /$ Carriers *' ? ,$T
'
$5$
footsteps, they copied
Similar ¦3('$r@$& the procedure Executing,
implementing

¦2$%/1=

2;
' $ #&,6

' ) ' T f 1' 5$s&,6'( $ "s,$ @$$ d6 '3+' '5
$ ;F
' T
Ã
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f' 35 D$M5'@
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*' ($4-
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$ f& s
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F8? @$E

m= K= N3'( ;,+
f"+$ @$ ¦,' $ ¦/$2
.]D #UV *D 8$H& 3?. & '$H&
.*(4-

. ¼=
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m= /
P' $ ' Y' #>
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*' (4-
Q & U
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m= /=
¼= ;F $F & M&. N3? *' M5,6
' Ä $ ' p$s
f' 3'. _ ' 4-'( & #$ /z N'E`
O
{ ( f( { 2 { M f' (
#$ , f' (
*? rR d? , #$ , Q & UZ, .'U#' A4M$>$ 3'?
;F ]##U '( ' T #, p' 3Fq8? T dY / N'Q~s $ ,& 6
f' ( ' + ;F ' 3'(4
{ + f( $4$ '#U&

' M f(
' M { . ){ s f(
0{ v *{ $ #$ G' { ' ]{ #

'M5
& 5$"($ ,' *' 5
;' U 5 #1S f Z' Ez'( AT N3' *{ +() f( { 2
.#{ -$ ;' Y ' 0' ,+
' ,%$ 0' $3p? 8F
$}$ 3/z *' 5
;' R' '
(1) “Musnad” is a Hadith whose chain of narrators is unbroken and reaches to the Prophet. (2) “Mursal” is
a Hadith whose chain of narrators is broken at its start i.e. the name of the companion narrating the Hadith
is missing. (3) In this text, the word ‫ ه‬does not mean a “religion”. It stands for “point of view” or
“school of thought”.
Wrong, sick ' p$s

More comprehensive $ He infers, derives ' @$s$
It was attracted to ;F $F Leaving it ' ' #$ He comes 0 '%$
Their deep study 'U#' A4M$>$ Its literal sense ' #' U' ?V Soundness *D ($$=
Shelter $}$ Producing 0'
$(= Older P& $ .
Place of gathering ' ,%$ The selected point of view )& $@H&,6

$ p? $ N*5
;U [
' $,1 (
X ~s,$ @$& /
{ f #$ 3$ @$`
. .3$@% $ 4$ P& 2' & DG'$ $#>$ Z
. ' ('4 !{ +s f(
' M Q & U$ Z$ .dF $#$ 4
$ 6
$ 8? >
,'( Z' Ez
' ¦($( )HM
*,p F . U .'#1 S f *' G

;' U $ 5' Z' Ez( & T $ U
#(= @ 'M+r
_#&`
“
M f OM 35 T ;U” :. N1 ' '#r$@
' O( f( ' 2 ' . ¼= u ¦ #s ? $ f1T
“.d? FY~#r
$ & *5
;? U O { ( f( $ 2 O & ) fG K” :p
'@
*F "5As
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X '$ ' ' p Z
U .Z' '
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FZE$ 0{ ` ' M
;F U 8>
d
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ZE
8@E
d= “.
ZY
ZY /5 3 @E
K
ZU” : X ' p Z

U .*' 5s
< ' @G
f' 2² { #H$> { . { p ' @'p? ?
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0' ,1K

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35
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c² { $#& f& (

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²35

ZU
(1) An issue about division of inheritance. There was a difference of opinion among the scholar
companions about it.
(2) “Takhreej” is a legal process of deriving further laws from the existing laws by applying legal analogy
among two situations based on a common rationale. For example, alcohol is forbidden due to its
intoxication. Its * is intoxication. Therefore, any intoxicating item will be forbidden. Such process is
called “Takhreej”. The process did not remain limited to the Quran and the Sunnah but the scholars of
different Juristic Schools started applying this method based on the edicts of the founders of their school.
(a) Died 179H/795CE (b) 158H/775CE (c) 149H/767CE (d) 198H/814CE (e) 161H/778CE (f)
160H/777CE
They inspired to do
&,3$ 6 It became famous / well
known
#$ 3$ @$`
He adheres to P& 2' &
Generation *' pMv
He knotted, he dedicated $ p? $ Their methods 3$@%
$ 4$
Compilation f$ $@
He inclined to ¼= ? $

F +$ (1 F N&s ' 5$@ $3@$+$:$ '@

ZU $ M$@$G' (' #$ ' d6 O
& $$ ?.” :
{ ,' . 1)& -5
"²T$ ,?
¼= & A+$ @$$ K 3 ,'(
F,$ +$ d6 }( &U#& ' Nb*H $ s&/ 35 i,s
)' - f' {#-$ ;FY '
? !T
&+,' $ ;F '. 3= O 1 p? M$$ . $ 5
d̈ N
ZU ;6 +8$> K !i5
#$ 1 :p “.'#1 S
)$ $@E
$ 5
[' $ ' 5

' '@E
f (
&/
$! 3= $ M$$ ,'( P{ . ;F Y Z? E$ c ¦
)
$)$
...“.'3s' 8/z 35 { ( ;' Y ;F U

) f f$ 1 ~/'$,6
' T ' &3@&M$ 5
:) X dY
0' $3p? 8F
f$ ' 3&(4 *? rR #, f(
M ;? '. #, p'( &3,& ?
¦!5= &3pF ?
...!$ $ !$ ? $@ ¢ ? "T .#& z
= $ ' & , @?8
*' $
$#'
& ' P. ' '?}( ' (' 2*' +$ M$s
'
&,jG? >$ 3
&"#E$ U&T"#`$ U&)"#T$ $U&-"H? $>
)@H& $>
) &(4 $ ,$ % $
O$ '` d= ' p' $E f'
¦#1 Y 3'(
$ 8? 5$ .x
' )z
'T
$/$ < ' #' L$,6
¼=
F."#8? >$ 3'R'K! $3'&
.$/#1 Y? m? ,Y & & %
' >$ N}j$ ,& 6
<
' @Y ' #1 qF / ' M'U$ Z ;' f' & $5F. *D ppT $ #' +$> d6
(1) He was the second king of Abbasid Dynasty. He wanted to make “Al-Muatta” the law of the entire
Muslim world. He died in 158H/775CE.
(2) Seven jurists of Madina became very famous: ¼ *{ $ #$ G' N#, f(
M f( { ' N\(2 f( ]{ # ،Qs f(
+

' M f(
' M N -
#G( ¯ f( ,¾ f( { . N ){ s f(
0{ v NM f(
They summarized it $U&-"H? They adopted it (

&/
$! I decided O
& $$
They wrote it U&)"#T$ They selected )$ $@E
You have compiled $3@$+$:$
The wrote commentaries
on it
U&T"#`$ Scholars of Madina f$ 1 ~/'$,6
It is copied
&s$ 5&>
They applied ²#¬ on it 3
&"#E$ It was brought to him = $ ' & Copies *b H
$ s&/
Countries in the West of He described Hadith ¢
? "T I instruct them &U#& '
Arabia i.e. Muslim Spain, <
' #' L$,6
West Africa etc. He obtained benefit !$ ? They should not go

beyond its limits
& A+$ @$$ K
He became skilled !$ $ It has passed O
1 p? M$$

dY N
0` K= & 2& ' $%& K N& /$
$#. $ U
#(= Q ' UZ,'( &3$ $ 5
:) *85T&( dY
">$ [
' #8
"Mp? & c ' $%1#' H$@
' & & ' #' q5
& .! N'M'U$ Z ² ' '#H$@
' d' }$r
& q
,'T) { ,4,' )'
< ' @Y f' $ U
#(= ?
. 7 1 ~H? N5F. *? ppT $ +> d6 O $ '` d6 = .{ $M.=
> u & )' ?8& K & & %
' >$ N'MUZ,'( & s
1 '?. F .*M` ¯ f( #G( '( ' "5-
$ & u
'
2#
' M '
.*G
03p = QUm, J#H$ K ¦ ]' #1s
> ' U ]{ #$ 1 s { :
' K= *? % $ 4$,6
¦MM$$ dG .2' `#

d? )U P ]' "pF
0y . j$ >$ N1 $ & & (
¦#Y'm ' ('4 #& 3& ` dY
.#' 3$5
0
)$ $ d? $
#&E u
'
$#+'
)' ?v. ' ( 0' p
' M'UZ )' &3qF
'( $ jp8? >$ / '#M$E f dG .3f& s $4
$ 6
f& ( & ,4& ¦)! &3& $ D8'5-> 3&5s $ T dY
Q
$ UZ $ M$v? ' ' ? ($ ¼= ) F .
{ },6
?#$ p? N'*5
¼= J $ #$ E$ F . '( *85T
i+(@
*' (4-
f *b 8R $) d NK̈= 35 $ ?
$ d .*D }s *D }s }
' ('4

b T & 8F '$H& ¦5' ¦%1#H$> D8+: ¦$.' $ $ $ d= NZG '(4 Q ' UZ ¼= f$ 1 M'U
m

' $s
Q
' U'
Z f Q { UZ ¼= & Y? #$ >$ 0' ,+
#& Y ;F , F8'H& 0 3p8
( ;? ,' $ ,' _
X 4
._$) &
#$ ,'
(1) He was the Finance Minister and Chief Justice of Abbasid empire, d. 181H/798H(2) He was one of the
famous kings of Abbasid Dynasty, d. 193H/809CE. (3) d. 189H/805CE.
He understood $ jp8? >$ Procedure, approach *? %

$ 4$,6
His contemporaries & /$
$#.
He read in front of (as a
student)
?#$ .? Minute, small ]{ #$ 1 s He goes beyond it & 2& ' $%&
He compared, reconciled $ M$? He was appointed j$ >$ Having appetite of "Mp? &
So its ok K̈= Chief Justice ]' "pF
0y . Extreme attention { $M.= ">$
Soft, poor in quality ¦5' Countries )' ?v. Compare it! & s
1 '?.
The area beyond Oxus
0
)$ $ The area containing
River i.e. present day portions of present day
d? $
#&E u
& )' ?8& K
#' 3$5
He does not violate

Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran &
Turkmenistan etc. Pakistan

( dY ,Y ,3? f$ G? $ U

#(= *' %
$ 4$ d' K
K ,4& $ ( ,&U 5U
:f1?$` ' T$ ' 3F@E
dY ,/= .m ;F +8
,'T) *85T
5U dG (<) £ ' /'$,T'
$& $ U
#(= Q ' UZ ² X #H$> ,3'H$r d? G d = ()
,¾ $ "5- .{ +( ,3'+( _ ' '#$> ' ,3$H` d' 8H& *b 8@H& b
. ' R'
$#q? /& $ U
#(

:) *85T '( < & 4 $ "$ @$ .
' 5
f'
¦#1 Y 8/ *'
0' KU & ) ,$
,'T)
F."#8? >$ F NDKK'@

¦s'}> ¦%1#H$> ¦T#` ¦M'#p$> ¦-'H$> ' /-@
> ¼= 5
.*85T '( QUZ m ",s & #' 35
0'
) d? $
$#E& ¼=
,3/
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z
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(1) The term “Mujtahid” is used to describe a person who is expert in all disciplines required to ponder
into the Quran and the Sunnah and able to exercise the process of Ijtihad. The disciplines include Arabic
Language, Hadith, Principles of Evaluation of Hadith, Juristic Opinions of Previous Scholars etc.
(2) Two famous books of Muhammad Ibn Hassan Al-Shebani (a disciple of Abu Hanifa). They are the
basic source of Hanafi School of Thought. (3) d. 204H/819CE. (4) A famous book of Shafi’i. It is the
basic source book of Shafi’i School of Thought.

He appeared to scene, he
grew
}?r
$ /$ Simplifying ¦M'#p$> Whatever possible f$ G?
He controlled (by pulling) O
1 4
$ M$Y? Establishing Fundamental
principles
¦s'}> Both of them
disagreed in it
' /'$,T'
$&
His reins (a metaphor for
controlling himself)
& /$$5 It is counted "$ His peers (similar to
him in knowledge)
' R'
$#q? /&
Flowing d' $#$%6
Disagreed issues of both
of them
,$3@&8? ?$H& Abridging ¦-'H$>

u$ #& F $ ,$ $
m= / ;F ? H
$ 6
,3 ;F E& 1' v' p? 5&,6
;' $ #&,6'( dZE} U / 35 (1)
ZF E} K̈ )$ "#p? .
¦5$s& & 'H$ & ;{ # f' Y ;? K ;{ #& f' ?Y / #&3q ' 46
.2z
Q ' @&YF ' ])YZ U ' &#`& !' && 5' K= ;' #,6(
;b ? E$ Z( u & "#v? @$$ dG U5' *b ? &M$ c
' ?8? @$H&,6
f1( ' ,$%6
& '
. fFG> ? / 35 (2)
... p'8
' ' dY f{ '$> ? "
ZU < { @'Y ' 3$/"!$ KD 3? $ : $ $ .3'>
$3$ @$%& '
@?8
3= $ ' & f,' f1+(@
0y , n6 F M$> ? *' 44-
' !Tz
$+( d̈ 35 (3)
.m Q & sT
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f' $$ f,'(
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c ' $' &,+&

&+M$">
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3@
3'@5$ ;' U ;? , & '$H>& 3/ 35 5V? 3'(
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u ' # ' ,$ ' À
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.+
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;{ ) K̈= ,&35 5 ' '# K d) ;{ ) K̈= *' (4-
f' '# K !Tz
f' #X 1 G

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u' #& vF ' f1+%6
á
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& 6
#' -$ ' #$ 3$ V? p8
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$#$ "F U$ .d)
.5 *{ ? 8?S ' )' v.z
#& R'$ ¨ ]#-M
;F U
) !Tz
f' #X 1 Y
(1) Munqati’ is a Hadith whose chain of narrators is broken. It is opposite to “Musnad”. Mursal is a
special type of Munqati’ in which the first step in the chain of narrator is unknown. (2) See Kitaab ur
Risala of Shafi’i. (3) An indication towards the travels of Hadith collectors to collect Hadith.
They traveled
FT$ )$ He touches u
& "#v? @$$ Weakness, problem ;F ? H
$ 6
They searched
F4
$ ($ The matters in which
c
$3$ @$%& Various chains of

' 46
u
$ #& F
Ijtihad is conducted
narrators of the same
It proliferated
$#$ Generalizations c
' $' &,& Hadith
Memorizers of Hadith á
' j84
& 6
Blame a
X !' . It is baseless ;? K
Compilers f1+ Reason for leaving *{ v? p? s& * He established )$ "#.?
Lack of knowledge about
it
5 *{ ? 8?S He went to extreme f$ +$ Written, documented *b ? &M$

d? &M' v$ 3/ 3&/}` 6 $ $ ? f$ 1 +(@

*' (4-
f' 0y ,+
d̈ ¼+>
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f$ "M$
3 #3V
m= F .' K@K
f' #{ E [ { $5('
FG"s,$ >$
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m .*' }s,6
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? À
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dY
m . ' À
¼= 'U!' 3@
f
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*? +

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m= K= 3
N ¦T?. ' 46( '3G' As,$ >$
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c1 #$ jG? @$ N'+r
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;' ' d? &+' #$
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f' ¦. ?)$ / 35 (5)
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f' ,35
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z
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$ "5
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ZU dG d
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'
.#8> F .¦%1#H$> KD K'@
¦T#$`
(1) “Istihsaan” means declaring something good. In Fiqh terminology, it means that a jurist declares
something lawful or unlawful due to public interest. Shafi’i strongly criticized it because he found some
jurists presenting their opinions as the directives of Shari’ah by misusing this concept.
He refuted ;? v? ( They differentiate d? &~,$ & They adhered to (they

were not leaving)
6 $ $ ?
Top
' $#
Benefit *' 4
$ ' -$ They changed their
opinion
f
&+)
He established the base,
he founded
w
$ "? Expected *? "5q? $ They divided into
groups
O
1 M$"+r
$ >$
He derived branches [
$ "#? A directive written
clearly in Quran/Sunnah
Ã
' &-5$ They mix d? FvkH
$ &
They devoted
F"#-
$ >$ It depends upon 3 )&
$$ It does not justify & S6 ~s
$ & ?

Lesson 13A: The Verbs with Incomplete Meanings
Dear Reader!
We’ve completed the discipline of #-
. Now we’ll discuss
If someone feels that he/she has
the remaining concepts of 45
in the last lessons of this level.
never made a mistake in his/her
There are certain verbs in English which are used with other verbs life then it means that he/she has
e.g. is, am, are, was, were etc. If you say “I am” or “he was”, the never tried a new thing in the life.
sentence will not give any complete sense. You need another verb
Open yourself to change.
or noun with them e.g. “I am writing”, “He is reading” etc.
In Arabic, such verbs are *-./ +. They are different from those *-./ + which are deceased in their
form. These *-./ + are deceased or incomplete in meaning. They are following
• d? ?Y (he was, he became) • $ `$ (he was about to, he was near to)
• )$ $ (he became) • P$
$! (he remained, he remained forever)
• _$ M$
1 (he became, he became/remain in morning) • P$
$! (until he remained)
• $s1 (he became, he became/remain in evening) • ?
$2 (he continued)
• $4: 1 ? (he became, he became/remain at morning) • a$ #' ($ (he continued)
• j;V? (he became, he became/remain at day time) • }?@$? Õ? @'? (he continued)
• c$ $( (he became, he became/remain at night time) • "8? /1
(he continued)
Above five are specified to time but also give general meanings. • w $ ? (he is not)
All of them belong to the QRS #YZ T
of P+ : ;+. Prepare the complete table yourself because
they are used according to the respective pronoun. They are not used in their passive voice. Their first word
of P+ [) ;+ is as follows:
• dF FG$ (he is, he becomes) • P& &$(he continues to)
• #& 1 -
' $ (he becomes) • P& &$ (until he continues to, rarely used
• _& M'- 1 & (he becomes, he becomes in morning) in [))
• 's,1 & (he becomes, he becomes in evening) • F

$$ (he continues to)
• '4 1 & (he becomes, he becomes at morning) • a $ #$ M1 $ (he continues to)
• ; q? $ (he becomes, he becomes at day time) • }F@$86 $ (he continues to)
• O& 'M$ (he becomes, he becomes at night time) • A8? 51 $ (he continues to)
• & `' & (he is about to) • w$ ? (It is already in meaning of [),
so no [) is used)
Above five are specified to time but also give general meanings.
You can prepare the # ;+ from P
! Nc( N¨;V N4: Ns N_M N) N?dY. It is not used for others.
Certain rules about them are described on the next page.

• All of these verbs give Q-/ to ³E in a *,1

*,& while the
@M remains [#. Their action is opposite
to that of 3&>
E jd= which give Q-/ to
@M and their ³Eremains [#.
• The word d ? ?Y converts a *,1
*,& to past tense e.g. X R?. X $2 (Zaid is standing) will become ¦,R'?. X $2 dY
(Zaid was standing). If it is added to : ;+, it gives the sense of distant past e.g. Q $ U$ m? dY (He went a
long time ago). If it is added to [) ;+, it gives the sense of past continuous tense e.g. Q & U$ Z6 $ dY (He
used to go). If the [) ;+ of dY is used with the : ;+, it adds doubt e.g. Q $ U$ m? dF FG$ (He may
have gone). Sometimes dY is used to give a complete meaning e.g.
¦#1 E $ dY (He is good).
• When the word d ? ?Y is used with some attributes of
, it does not convert it to the past tense because
Allah is beyond time. It gives the e.g. ¦,'T)$
¦)F8S
?

dY (Allah is the Forgiver, the Eternally Merciful).
• The word )$ $ (he became) is used to describe “change or transformation” e.g. ¦,'$ X $2 )$ $ (Zaid
became a scholar) etc.
• The words c
$ $( Nj;V? N$4:
1 ? N$s1 N$_M$
1 are used to describe a change or condition at a specific time but
these words are also used to describe a general change or transformation. In that case, their meaning is
similar to ) e.g. 5'S
? X $2 _
$ M$
1 (Zaid became rich), ¦,R$/ X $2 _
$ M$ (Zaid kept sleeping at morning).
• The word $ `$ (he was about to) is normally used to describe proximity of something e.g. < & v

& `' &
]' 2$
Ò 'U!' '( ¼=
&+' #$ d (The students are about to go to their cities during vacation) etc.
• The word P$
$! (he remained) is normally used as a prayer or wish e.g. K D FZH
1 $ A& $ P$
$! (May your enemy
remain weak) etc.
• "8? /
N?Õ@'? N$a#' ($ N
$2 (he remained forever) are used to describe continuation of a task or
adjective e.g. Y' m X $2 ?
$2 (Zaid continued to remain intelligent) etc. Here the is in meaning of ‘non’.
All these verbs mean “disappear, leave, stop” etc which are negative in meaning. The negation through
gives them a double negation. According to a mathematical rule “Negative × Negative = Positive”. The
same rule applies in language. The double negation makes the sentence positive.
• The word in P$
$! $ (until he remained) is in the meaning of “until” e.g. }¦,R'?. mF $@z
P$
$! ]F Z@
P$ ?.
(The students remained standing until the teacher remained standing) etc.
• The word w
$ ? (he is not) belongs to the past tense but gives the meaning of the present tense, therefore,
its present tense is not used e.g. ¦,R'?.
X $2 w
$ ? (Zaid is not standing) etc. Sometimes, the preposition < ' is
also used with the ³E of w but there is not difference in the meaning e.g. { R'?p(' X $2 w
$ ? (Zaid is not
standing). Its complete table will be: N$,@&s? N'Os? N1@&s? N$,@&s? N$Os
1 ? N$fs
1 ? N$@s $ ? N
&s? N$s? N w
$ 1 ?
$5s
1 ? N&Os
1 ? N"f@&s?.

Test Yourself (1)

Fill in the blanks by translating the words in red color.
English '(#
That is because of that _____ to deny Allah’s verses. ' j
c
' $¥'( d? &#8F G6 $
&/?Y 1 3& "/}?('
$ 'm?
Whoever ______ to desire the reward for this world, < $
$? & '#& d? ?Y f1 $
&
$? ' j
$ 51 +' ? $/1A
<
so the reward of here and hereafter is with Allah. ]' #$ E'
$ $/1A
And he vowed for those (gods) our ancestors ______

to worship
$/& $( & M&+1 $ d? ?Y $ )$ Z? /$$
We leveled to ground what Pharaoh and his nation $$ & & 1 .? $ dF 1 $ #1 ' & 5$-
1 $ d? ?Y $ $/#1 "!$
_____ to make and what they _____ to raise. d? &`#' +1 $
&/?Y
So whoever ______ to expect meeting his Lord, he
D ,$ $ ;6 ,$ +1 $6 ? ' ~()$ 0y ?p'
&#1 $ d? ?Y f1 ,$ ?
should perform good deeds. D4'$
He ____ to instruct his family about the prayer and the
mandatory charity.
]' ?Y"
$ ]' "-'( & ? U1 ? #& & }6 $ d? ?Y
Whoever _____ to think AfqF $ d? ?Y f1 $
_____ to eat food. $$+jv
d' FY}6 $ $/?Y
And if _____ to believe in Allah and His prophet. ~M'"5
$ ' j'( d? &5' 1 &
&/?Y 1 ?$
Satan made attractive for them what _____ to do. d? F,$ +1 $
&/?Y $ dF ?v1 "r
1 3& ? f$ "2$ $
The punishment will catch them because _____
disobedient.
d? Fps
& 86 $
&/?Y $,(' <
&
?Z+$ 6
1 3& As,$ $
We delivered him from the town whose (inhabitants)
_____ to perform heinous acts.

? R'$MH
$ 6
;F ,$ +1 >$ O
1 /$?Y '@j
*' $#1 p? 6
f1 ' & $51 "%/$
And he forbade it what _______ to worship besides
Allah.
' j
d' &! f1 ' & M&+1 >$ O
1 /$?Y $ $U"
$ $
Rule of the Day! In order to express that “It is essential to…”, you say ?
$ Q
& %' $. For example, Q
& %
' $
Q
$ Um d (it is essential for me to go), #$ - & 5$> d Q
& %
' $ (it is essential for you to help), d 3 Q & %
' $
d? #Fp
$ 3$ 86 >$ (it is essential for her to understand the Quran) etc.

English '(#
If ____ is a dead body *D @$1 $ f1 GF $ d6 ='
So ____ an objection in your heart J $ ' f1 GF $ ?
X #$ T$ $ )' 1
So today, We’ll preserve your body so that ____ a
symbol for those after you.
*D $
$ 8? 6 E$ f1 ,$ ' d? FG@$'
$ /'$ M$('
$ ~%5$/& P$ 1 $6?
So ____ one of those who doubt f$ '#@$,1 F
f1 ' "f/$FG>$ ?
I am instructed to ____ one from obedient people i 1 ,& 6
f1 ' d? FY? d6 ? c
$ ,' ' s & #1 ' F
____ witnessing against it f$ 'U' "r
f1 ' $31 ? $ d? FG/$
Soon they’ll (the pious people whom people
considered as deities) will deny their worships and
D:
' 1 3' 1 ? $ d? &/FG$$ 1 3' >'!$ $M+' (' d? &#8F G6 $$
____ against them.
So ____ equal 0|
$$ d? &/FG@$?
____ one of those who are suffering from losses f$ '#' $H6
f1 ' _
$ M$
1 ?
When one of them is given the news of having a
daughter, his face ____ black (with grief).

D!$ s
1 & & 3& 1 $ j;V? ?/z'( 1 U& & T$ ? #$ ~r(&
?m='$
If We want, We send a proof down on them from the O
1 jq? ? *D $ 0' $,"s
f1 ' 1 3' 1 ? $ 6 ~5$/& }6 r
$ /$ d6 ='
sky, so their necks ____ bent i
$ +' :' $E $3? 1 3& .F $51 ?
So an earthquake caught them and ____ lying face
down in their homes
i 1 }?? *F 8? 1 "#
1 3& >1Z? E$ }??
$ ,' '$ 1 U' )'
$! '
&4M$
They said: We worship these idols, so ____ sitting in
front of them.
i
$ 8' Y' $ $3? ; q? 5$? D$5
1 ? & M&+1 /$
F?.
The unbelievers ____ in doubt until they’ll see the 1 3& $>'}6 >$ "@T$ & 51 ' *{ $#1 ' '
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
F
$$ K
Day of Judgment suddenly *D @$L1 ($ *F $ "s
Then ____ unbelievers. f$ '#' ?Y $3('

&4M$
1 ? "F
Face the Challenge! What is meant by !Y and why it is used?

English '(#
____ ate_____ $5Y j5FY
____ eaten ?Y d' /FG$
_________ killed
F@$.? d? &/FG
_________ witnessed c
1 $ 3' `$ dF FG>$
_________ beaten O
$ (#$: dF FG>$
_________ drunk $,@&('#`$ d' /FG>$
_________ eaten $5Y dF G$/
Allah ____ not going to waste your faith 1 GF /$$o=' $ '&' & j
d? ?Y $
Allah ____ the Knowledgeable, the Wise. D,'GT$ D,'$ & j
d? ?Y
On the Day of Judgment, ____ a witness
against them

D'3`$ 1 3' 1 ? $ dF FG$ *' $ $p' 6
P$ 1 $$
Surely, Allah does not like that who ____
an arrogant boaster.

D)&H? KD $@H
1 & d? ?Y f1 $ AQ4
' & K $ j
jd='
____ better for them 1 3& ?
D#1E$ d? ?Y
So when they prostrate, ____ (the other
group) behind them
1 GF R'
$)$ f1 '
&/FG$6 ?
&%
$ $
?m'?
He is Exalted that ____ a child for Him X ?$ & ? d? FG$ d6 ? & /$$4M1 &
____ their that call until We mowed them
down, leaving no spark of life in them.
f$ '' $E
D'-T$ 1 U& $56 +$ $ "@T$ 1 U&
$1 $!
$ 6 >' O
1 ?
$2 $,?
If We have sent a wind and they have seen
it turning (their crops) yellow, ____ d? &#8F G6 $ ' ' +1 ($ f1 '
q? ?
D#8? -
1 & & 1 ?#$ ? D°') $56 $ )1 ? f1 '?
denying after that.

English '(#
All People of Book are ____ equal. There is an d? F@1 $ *b ,$ R'?. *b "F <
' $@G' 6
;' U1 ? f1 ' 0|
$$
&s1 ?
d? &% &s 1 $ 1 U& $ ;' 1 j
0y $/ ' j
c
' $
established group (among them) who recite
Allah’s verses at night and prostrate.
Whoever greets you, don’t say to him: “____ a
believer.”
D5'1 & O
$ s
1 ? P$ "s
1 GF 1 ?=' ?p6? f1 ,$ '
FFp>$ K$
____ fighting with you until them return you (to
your previous faith)
1 YF A!#& $ "@T$ 1 GF /$F>'?p& d? F
$$ K$
____ restriction on you that you seek the bounties
of your Lord
1 GF ~()$ f1 '
D1 ?
&L@$M1 >$ d6 ? a
X $5& 1 GF 1? $ w
$ 1 ?
O People of Book! ____ on anything until you
&,'p>& "@T$ 0{ 1 `$ ?$ 1 @&s
1 ? <' $@G' 6
;? U1 ? $
firmly establish the Torah & the Gospels. ;? '§'
$ ]?
$)1 "@
The Jews said: The Christians ____ on anything. 0{ 1 `$ ?$ $)$-"5

O
1 s
$ 1 ? !& &3$6
O
1 ??.$
____ piety that you turn your faces towards the u
' #' r
1 ,$ 6
;? M$.' 1 GF U$ &&
$ >& d6 ? "#M'6
w
$ 1 ?
East and the West <
' #' L1 ,$ 6
$
Is the One Who created the heavens and the earth, ){ !' ?p(' x
$ )1 zy
$ c
'
$,$ "s
$ ? E$ 'Zj
w $ 1 ?$ ?
____ able to create similar to them 1 3& ? 6 ' $ F H
1 $ d6 ? ?$
We made economic activities for you in it and
____ the sustenance providers.
i
$ .' 2'
$#(' & ? 1 @&s
1 ? f1 $ $ ©
$ '$+$ $3' 1 GF ? $56 +$ $ $
O Wives of the Prophet! ____ like any other
women.
0' $s~5
f1 ' { T$ }?Y? "f@&s
1 ? ~M'"5
0y $s/' $
The unbelievers from the People of Book and the <
' $@G' 6
;' U1 ? f1 '
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
f1 GF $ 1 ?
Polytheists ____ refraining. i
$ kG8? 5& i $ Y' #' r
1 ,& 6
$
Their base on which they established the doubt in
their hearts ____
1 3' ('F.F ' *D M$')
15$($ 'Zj
1 3& /&$51 (& F
$$ K
They said: ____ sitting in front of it. i
$ 8' Y' $ ' 1 ? $ a
$ #$ M1 /$ f1 ?
F?.
So ____ this land until He (Allah) allows me. ' d? m? }6 $ "@T$ x
$ )1 zy
a
$ #$ (1? f1 ? ?

English '(#
If _____ to believe in Allah and the last day. #' E'
P' 1 $6
$ ' j'( "f' 1 & "fYF d6 ='
This is from the secret news We have revealed it to $ 5FY $
O $ 1 ?=' $3'T&/ Q
' 1 L$ 6
0' $M/1? f1 ' $ 6 >'
you that ______ to know. $3,& ? +1 >$
You did not ______ to expect that the Book would be
revealed to you.
<
& $@G' 6

$ 1 ?=' ?p6 & d6 ?
&#1 >$ O
$ 5FY $
You did not _____ to recite a book before. <
{ $@Y' f1 ' ' ' M1 .? f1 ' F@1 >$ O
$ 51 YF $$
So taste the eternal punishment for what _____ to do. d? F,$ +1 >$ 1 @&51 YF $,(' ' 6 H
& 6
<
$
?Z$
F.Fm$
This is the hell about that _______ promised. d? &$ &> 1 @&5FY '@j
& "53$ $ ' Z' U$
_______ to come from the right hand. i
' ,' $6
f1 $ $5/$&>}6 >$ 1 @&5FY
We did not ____ to do evil. 0{ & f1 ' ;F ,$ +1 /$ "5YF $
Surely ______ to jest and play. Q & &H/$ "5YF $,"/='
& +$ 6 /$$ x
They said, “O our Lord! These are our partners whom &1 /$ "5YF f$ 'Zj
$/& ?Y#$ `& 0K&U$ $5"()$
F?.
_____ to call instead of You.”
$ /'&! f1 '
_____ until I reach at the joining point of two rivers. f' 1#$ 4
1 M$6
$ ,$ %
1 $ n? F (1? "@T$ a
& #$ (1? K
Those who _____ for their Lord in prostration and
standing (for prayer).
D$.' $
D"%& 1 3' ~(#$ ' d? &@'M$ f$ 'Zj
$
O Moses! Surely we will not enter it forever _____ $3'
&
$! $
D$(? $3? E& 1 /$ f1 ? "/=' $& $
'>?p? $ A()$ $ O $ /1? Q1 U$ m6 ?
inside it. So go you and your Lord and both of you
fight (with them).
Living in them _____ the heavens and the earth _____ x

& )1 zy
$ c
&
$,$ "s
O
1 $
$! $ $3' f$ ''$E
They said: “By Allah! _____ remembering Joseph d? FG>$ "@T$
$ & & #& YF Z6 >$ }F@$86 >$ ' j$>
F?.
until _____ sick. D:$#T$

• The verb !& ?G$ !$ ?Y (he was/is about to) is also used to describe proximity of something e.g. & k+$ ,& 6
!$ ?Y
J
& #& H$ (The teacher was about to come out), J
& #& H$ & k+$ ,& 6
!& ?G$ (The teacher is about to come out), etc. Its
different pronouns are used. Sometimes, it also means “He wanted / wants to”.
• The word is also used as w
$ ?. It is called *2%46
. e.g. d? F,$ +$> , ;{ ' $L(' / (I am not unaware of
what you are doing),
{ '%
$ (' /
¦'$ O
& $M
(The home is not new), etc.
• The word $s $ is also included in the group of dY. It means “it is expected that / it is possible that” e.g.
35$ F8+$ d6

$s$ (It is expected that Allah will forgive them). Q $ & )? d $s$ (It is expected that I’ll
fail), etc.
• There are certain verbs which are performed by human minds. They are called <FpF
+. They
indicate human thinking or inclination. They are:
$ ' $ N?)$ N?ZH
$ ">
N$Qs
' T$ N"fV? etc. When they are entered
on a *,1
*,&, they give Q-/ to both ³E
@M. For example: *D , $ R'¥?. *? $ s
f& VF (I think that the
Hereafter is going to occur). The reason is that both ³E
@M become +8 of such verbs.
• There are certain verbs which indicate development, change or transformation. They are called +
#' 1 -
' $@
. They are: Z? H">
N?;+$ $ N"!)$ etc. When they are entered on a *,1
*,&, they give Q-/ to both
@M
³E . For example: *D ? M'. O $ 1 M$
;? +$ $ (He made this home as Qiblah).
Rule of the Day!

In English, the word “never” is used to negate something with emphasis in past or
future. In Arabic, two words are used for this purpose. The word
¦($ is used to negate
something in future with emphasis. e.g.
¦($ #$ ,$ H
$ 6
<
$ #' `6 f1 ? (I’ll never drink intoxicants).
Whereas the word µ
´ .' is used to negate something in past with emphasis e.g. µ ´ .' & @&?)$
(I’ve never seen him) etc.
Do you know?
In Pre-Islamic Arabia, some people were monotheists. They were called
0?85$T& (straight people). Prophet Muhammad
was one of them.
Some tribes were Jews who came to Arabia after their Second Diaspora. Some
Arabs adopted Christianity. They were mainly concentrated in North (present
day Jordan & Syria) due to their interaction with the Romans. Some of them
were living in South (Najran) due to the preaching activities of the Christians
of Abyssinia.

Test Yourself (2)

Fill in the blanks by translating the words in red color.
English '(#
The lightening ____ to snatch their eyesight. 1 U& )$ $-(1?
& v? H
1 $ u
& #1 M$6
!& ?G$
The hearts of one group of them ____ to deviate 1 3& 51 ' { '#? <
& F.F nF '$ !$ ?Y
Allah ____ intend to offend D,6VF & '#& & j
$
____ that their death may have come close 1 3& F $ ? <
$ #$ @$.6
1 .? d? FG$ d6 ? $s$
Some of them ____ following the prayer direction of
others

{ +1 ($ *? ? M1 .' { ('$@(' 1 3&
& +1 ($ $
He will sip but ____ to swallow it & L& 's& !& ?G$ K$ & & "#%
$ @$$
(O Muhammad!) ____ that your Lord may exalt you
to the station of glory

D!&,4
1 $ D?p$
$ A()$
$ ?+$ M1 $ d6 ? $s$
Surely the Day of Judgment is sure to come, ____ to w
{ 86 /$ ; YF $%
1 @&' $3'8E1 F !& ?Y? *b $>' *? $ "s
jd='
$+s 1 >$ $,('
keep it secret so that every person is given a reward
for his/her effort.
Allah ____ unaware of what you do d? F,$ +1 >$ ",$ ;{ ' $L(' & j
$
The heavens ____ to crack due to it & 51 ' d? #1 jv8? @$$ c
&
$,$ "s
!& ?G>$
It will be ____ blast due to rage
' 1 L$ 6
f1 ' & ",$ >$ !& ?G>$
They said that it is only this worldly life and we will
____ raised
i
$ '&+M1 ,$ (' f& 4
1 /$ $ $/1A
$5>&$T$ jK=' $ U' d6 ='
F?.
____ to deviate us from our deities $5@'3$ ' f1 $ $5
' &? !$ ?Y
____ that Allah create love between you and your 1 @&1!$ $ f$ 'Zj
f$ 1 ($$ 1 GF 5$1 ($ ;? +$ %
1 $ 6d? & j
$s$
enemies ]D "!$ $ 1 3& 51 '
____ that you dislike a thing while it is better for
you
1 GF ? #X 1 E$ $ U& $ D1`$
&U#$ G6 >$ d6 ? s$
The worldly life ____ except jesting and playing X 31 ?$ Q
X +' ? jK=' $/1A
]F $4
$ 6
$

English '(#
Nary, _____ liars. i
$ ('m' ?Y 1 GF A5qF /$ ;6 ($
______ bad for you. Nay, it is good for you. 1 GF ? #X 1 E$ $ U& ;6 ($ 1 GF ?
D#`$ & &Ms
$41 >$ K
______ the angels female while they are the slaves
of the Beneficent.
D$/=' f' ,$ T1 "#
!& $M' 1 U& f$ 'Zj
*? G? R'$,6

F+$ $
He said: ______ that the Day of Judgment will
occur.
*D ,$ R'?. *? $ "s
AfVF ? $ .
______ light but it is great according to Allah. X 'q$ ' j
$ 51 ' $ U& $ D5~U$ & /$&Ms
$41 >$
______ about the unbelievers that they can
dominate in the earth.
x
' )1 zy
' f$ '%
' +1 &
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
"fM$s
$41 >$ K
The believers ______ the infidels their friends d' &! f1 ' 0y $'1 ? f$ '#' ?G6
d? &5' 1 ,& 6
Z6 H
' "@$ K
besides the believers. i
$ 5'' 1 ,& 6
______ that Allah is unaware of the acts that the

offenders do.
d? &,'jq
;F ,$ +1 $ ",$
D ' ?S $ j
"fM$s
$41 >$ K
Some of us ______ others as gods besides Allah. ' j
d' &! f1 ' D($()1 ? D1+($ $5
& +1 ($ Z? H
' "@$ K
The ignorant ______ them rich due to their
decency.

' 8 +$ "@
f1 ' 0y $5'S6 ? ;F U' $%6
1 3& M&s
$41 $
The thirsty ______ water 0| $ dF ¥1,jq
& M&s
$41 $
______ that the armies did not go
&MU$ Z6 $ 1 ? <
$
$T1 zy
d? &Ms
$41 $
O David! We ______ a caliph in the earth. ' )1 zy
' *D 8? 'E$ $ $56 +$ $ "/=' !& &
$! $
x
We ______ an Arabic Read Book so that you think
logically.
d? Fp' +1 >$ 1 GF j+$ ? D'(# D/ #1 .F & $56 +$ $ "/='
When he knew anything from Our signs, ______
mockery of it.

D&U& $UZ? H
$ ">
D1`$ $5>'$ f1 ' $ ' $
?m='$
______ their oaths a protection shield. *D "5& 1 3& /$$,1?
FZH
$ ">
______ to disbelief after your (acceptance of) faith. f$ '#' ?Y 1 GF /'$o=' $ +1 ($ 1 YF A!#& $
O my father! I ______ 11 stars. DM?Y1 Y? #$ r & 1?)$ ~/=' O
$ $ $ T$ ? O ' ($? $
Lesson 13B: Intellectual Evolution in the First Four Centuries - Part II
Dear Reader!
This lesson concludes the debate mentioned in the
previous chapter. These are two chapters of *%T Love entire humanity. Spread the Da’wah of
*LM

of Shah Waliullah. your religion with a sincerity to humanity.
1
' $#
<
' 4
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$ 6
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& $M :<
X (
{ #' - ' #U
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f( ' + #' - ' 0' ,+
f' dY / 1 ? =
K ]{ )$ &#$ ' K= ' $M5'@K
$@$8F
d? &($3$
' $#'( x
$ $H6
d? &U#$ G$ PX ?. m +( d{ 8

&M ;? '& .

' ) ' T *F $
$)' &3~,U$ #& $MY dY .
"(& 35' d&% ' $

$ jT$ P& ~#T$ F
& $ "#T$ D$` j;T' F d6 &#' Yz /=: :p 0{ ` f !{ +s f(
? , ' G? @$
*' U$
$#Y? ' !+s f(
M f(
#, f m 4$/ $)$ 2“.
*{ 5& { / d{ #p( K̈= O 1 8? >$ ]#-M
03p f /=” :{ 2 f( #' (%' #, f& (
. .6 ' 51 $
... “.O$ G6 ? U O
$ G?U$ m #1S O $ $+? d6 = / .*{ $:
' $
(1) Ahl-ul-Hadith were those scholars who used to focus more on collecting Hadith. Ashab-ur-Rai were
those scholars who focused more on logical reasoning in deriving law.
(2) The reason for avoiding pursuing such issues was that a jurist should not close an issue that Allah has
kept opened. They wanted to preserve the flexibility provided by Allah so that people of each age and
society may decide according to their own situation.
Face the Challenge!

What is the difference between $ K Their concern &3~,U$ They dislike d? &U#$ G$
You were killed O
$ G?U$ That I make it lawful j;T' F d6 Deep search x
$ $H6
You killed (other) O

$ G6 ? U I make it unlawful P& ~#T$ F They fear d? &($3$
Escape
"(&

f$ j;.? @T ' s$5

' 4
&-&
*' ($$@Y' P'
d'
$&( ' #' ?zy

' 46
f' > [ & &`& & .? $

$ ?v .{ q { .? $,' '3@'$ $T f' *b H $ s&/ *b 8? '4
$ fX '$> dY K= *'
#
;' U f' dF G$
d
#E f,
#- u
#+
P' r
2' %À
!( d?
m 3'R$,q? & f' $ )$ ! f$
.#' ?zy
)' !'
$/$
' $46
Q{ #?S f$ 7 ' A48? @$
'
&5+$
$ s$5

&+M$"@>$ Q
$ @&GF

&+,$ $
#1 "s$@$$ ? 3? #$ s $ ">$ N3?M. { T$ z 1 ,' @$%$ ? )'
' À
f' P' $,@'U'( ,@
' !Tz
f' #{ 1 G dY @T #X 1 Y 0e ` ' !Tz
u ' #& F f' 3= 7 $ jE$ .3'M. { T$ z
;' Y j;4 $ $
F#$ $ .#' E'
$3
' +$( ' #$ @$@$
u ' #& vF

& +(
$ r $ ?G .$3.? , X # *b R?' &U$ 5
3 #$ 3$ V? .1' U'
$r $
c' $+($$@,& 6
' #& q5
3? f$ G? .*' : $ ?8@'K
*' ($
$#L$
f$ '
{ T
.;M. f @8
;' U #1 3$ q$> ? ]b #1Y *b 44 b!T
(1) A Hadith will be (@ of other if both are reported by different narrators. A Hadith will be the U` of
other if both carry the same meaning. Both of them are also considered synonymous.
Do you know?
Pre-Islamic Arabs deviated from the teachings of Prophet Abraham and Ishmael ,3
Ps
]-
. They started idol worship. Each tribe had its own god. They used to seek
protection and help from the god of their tribe. When they had to make a decision, they
also used to raffle off with help of arrows in front of these idols. They also had altars to
sacrifice animals for their gods. The Quran condemned all these practices.
It was available to them 3? #$ s

$ ">$ He found (that time) $ )$ ! Spreading [
& &`&
It was hidden/obscured #$ @$@$
They searched
&+M$"@>$ Reports about saying &
practice of Sahaba
#' ?zy
Context, position j;4

$ $ They put an extreme
effort

&5+$ Writing *' ($$@Y'
Transmission by a
single person (unusual)
*' ($
$#L$
Scrutiny, examination 7
' A48? >$ Books of old age
' 4
&
&
Transmission by a Strange, odd, unusual Q
{ #?S Copying (by hand)
' s$5
number of persons *' :

$ ?8@'
(opposite to *(
#L
) Thinking deeply #' q? "5
Narrating *'
#

_
X 4 #X M1 E$ dY
m ."5' *' 44-
)' MEz'( & ? &@/” :1$ ,$ T1 z ¼+>
,'T) +r
.
f' 1 Y? /z m .P& ",3$ 6
f& (
GT “.¦' ` ¦#-( dY ¦' Y ' = Q & Um @T '/,}
ND*"$E O{ $( ;' U f$ 1 .
#+
f$ 1 ' r
!'
#}Y *{ "$E { ? ($ ;' U K̈= ' '#$ K {_4 { T
.2' ~ f ( f Q+` f( #, *{ Hs&/ '( f ]{ !$ #$( '( f$ { $#(& *' H $ s&5Y
35 ;F 8F L$
' !Tz
ZU ;F ', .d? F'.? *b $ m' #'` K= 5 ;6 ,4$ ? D ' $E ãp' & '(4-
dY
;F #
dY .f1+(@
*' (4-
f' { ? ($ ;' Y 0' 3p )$ U$5' O 1 +$ ,$ @$
$@?8
;' U *F "
*' #+ ' d? &,' @$+$ 3'M. f dY .'(4 ' ' ( ? T ,$ f$ K= f& kG,$ @$$ K 3?M. ,
.f' R'
#p
' M&"@>$ ' $46
]' $ U$ $r& f' 3= 7
& F H$ 33'@?
$$ Q' >'
$#$ ' $~#
0' $,1
' G&46
'
&#V? / . ' 4M
f' @'(
D p' @$s& D` F+ f8?

ZU ' *' pMv
ZU f$ +$
' $->K
' T$ f' ¦8' E$ dY ]' #V5,6
f' @

Z3'( 3 $ r$ G? / .U#1S *' 4$- ' (
' 46
f d? &5kG,$ @$$ !' 3@K
*? S d? &3' @$%$ ,3F X 'Y$ db 8 dY .[ ' ?vp' /K

¼= ' @'?$)' ' 5'/@s%s
!&
! ( & #Ym ,Y { T $ z
d? "!$ f$ K= ;' '-"@,& 6
4[' F#$,6
.*G$ ;' U
(1) Ahmed Ibn Hanbal d. 241H/855CE. (2) These are examples of letters of the Prophet / Companions
found in particular families. (3) Hadith experts have described 12 level of reliability of narrators i.e. from
extremely reliable to extremely unreliable (i.e. a liar). (4) Marfu’ is the Hadith whose chain of narrators
reaches to the Prophet. Its opposite is “Mauquf” whose chain of narrators ends at a companion. (5) d.
275H/888CE.
Being authentic *' 4

$-
'
They relied upon d? &,' @$+$ Individuals !'
#
It appeared
$ r
$ G? /
Levels Q
' >'
$#$ People of a particular
family
O
{ $( ;' U
Secret ¦8' E$ Their reliability 3'@?
$$ Having less fame ãp' &
Extreme, objective *? S Observation ]' $ U$ $r& Unknown, obscure
D ' $E
Raised, Hadith whose Condition ' $46
Group *b $ m' #'`
chain of narrators goes to [
' F#$,6
the Prophet Indications f' R'

#p
He is able to f& kG,$ @$$

/ 2')$HM&
f$ "_ $ ;( .3$ 5' < & #& p$ ,
{ T f1+() d? &#$ *pMv
ZU ;F U dY
*' R?',s
& ,$E f' 1& 5&5$& #$ -
$ @$E
/ !&
! '( f . { T ' *? R?' AO' f' 1$44 #$ - $ @$E
$,

' ) F T ( & #$ +& ¦/
$' 1& $ 5$s& 3& ,1T ;+ .T
.& ? ;? K̈= ;b & ? N'.' #& F f' { T
{ '#v? (' ? $ $ $
M 6d)U f( 5dvp
+ f( $4$ 43 f( f,1T#
M 0' K&U$ & &)$ dY
11U
) f( $4= ;M5T f( ,1T 10! X "5U$ 9!X ~s$ & 8*M` ¯ f( #G( ( 7u
2#
.13'5
f( 12f1Y! f( ;8

(1) “Saheeh” is a book of Hadith in which the author includes only the authentic Ahadith. “Sunan” is a
book of Hadith which consists of Ahadith related to practical matters. “Musnad” is a book of Hadith
which is organized in a sequence of the Narrator Sahabi.
(2) 256H/869CE (3) 241H/855CE (4) 197H/813CE (5) 197H/813CE (6) 118H/736CE (7) 211H/827CE
(8) 234H/849CE (9) 228H/843CE (10) 242H/857CE (11) 237H/852CE (12) 130H/748CE (13)
234H/849CE
Rule of the Day!

In order to express that “It is not appropriate that….”, you say L$M5$ /K. For
example, 0y $'1 ?
f1 '
$ /'&! f1 ' Z? H
' "@/$ d6 ? $5? 'LM$51 $ d? ?Y $ (It is not appropriate for us that
we make gods other than You), #$ , $ p? 6
$ )' 1 >& d6 ? $3? 'LM$51 $ w
& 1,"r
K (It is not appropriate
for the sun to collide with the moon), & ? 'LM$51 $ $$ #$ +1 ~r
& $5, 1 j$ $$ (We’ve not taught
him (the Prophet) poetry and it is not appropriate for him) etc.
Worth Reading
Wealth is a great blessing of God but it also creates some
problems. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0008-
Wealth.htm
It is known by it (
& #$ +& He summarized #$ -
$ @$E
Generation *pMv
There is no base for it & ? ;? K Criteria (for right &

wrong), a balance
¦/
$' They narrate a Hadith d? &#$

& +( 35' d? Fpkp4 $ ,& 6

$ $ #$ .f$ 1 '~4$ ,& 6
c
' pM f' z
2&
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f' U5 f1 G ? .' p8
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Their periods 3&/
#.
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$#v?
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$ @$
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$ &
They add a restriction d? &"p? @$$ It carries chance
D ,$ @$4& Establishment P' GT=
Majority )& &3,$ Of various meaning ' && ' The art of evaluating
Hadith narration
*' $
$~#
~f?
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Deciding factor *b $:
' ?. Blind following ' 'p$>

#$ 3' @&`
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$ H
$ 6
It becomes cool
(satisfied) by it
( ²
& k?& The most pious of them &3& )$
He became tired of it & $ Scale, criteria dF
$' Having two valid opinions f' 1 . c
$
m
Perhaps, when $,"()& Perpetuation #' >&
$@$
Requirements c
' $@'.
Chiefs
$ &)& Narrators ]'
$#&
Example, similar #$ 1 q/
The best of them U$)$E$ Derived *b $ #$ H$@s& Two nearer to each other f' 1 @$($)p@
He consulted )$ $r@$
Clear statements c
' $41#-> Obvious $#
'!$(

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f *b ?}s fG> '
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f' 1 H
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them
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(1) In order to improve the authenticity of a Hadith, some scholars used to visit the earlier narrators in
order to reduce the number of narrators. It is called 5 . (2) d. 256H/870CE (3) d. 261H/875CE
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(1) d. 275H/889CE. (2) d. 278H/892CE (3) Mujtahid & Muqallid are opposite to each other. Muqallid is a
blind follower of another person while Mujtahid is a person who searches his own way.
Unreliable Hadith #X G? 5& One who thinks

deeply

& R'$H6
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biography of
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Do you know?
Pre-Islamic Arabs were not educated but they had some preliminary information about sciences e.g.
herbal medicine for people and animals, making weapons from iron, making pots etc.
Logical implication 0e @.

So he can implement it
on

$#} Sharpness of mind *' /$?v8'
Similar example #X 1 q/ Implicit in the

statement
P' G *' $5',': Intuition
' $ 4
$ 6
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&)
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(1) Two types of logical reasoning i.e. conjunctive syllogism and hypothetical syllogism, see books of
“Logic” for details.
(2) Mabsoot, famous book of Muhammad Ibn Hassan, the source book of the Hanafi School of Thought.
They taught
&)$ !$ They take responsibility d? F8jG? @$$ Form *' U
It proliferated #$ r
$ @$/
Its essential properties '>$>'
m It produced $%@$/
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& #p> Example ' ?,' 6
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F& ? Arguments ;' RK
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$ )$ $ /
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(1) There are two types of Jurists: First type consists of those scholars who exercise the process of
deriving laws directly from the Quran and Sunnah. They are called v 3@9.
(2) Second type of jurists are those who exercise the process of deriving laws from the Quran & Sunnah
but they remain within the principles and boundaries established for a particular school of thought. They
are called QUZ
' 3@9.
(3) “Taqleed” means that a person decides to follow a particular school of thought without examining the
arguments for their opinions in detail.
Rule of the Day! The word ;
? +$ $ is a commonly used word. It has four meanings i.e. making, considering,
declaring, starting e.g. #$ ,
$ p? 6
;? +$ $ (He created the moon), f1 ,$ Y? P'
#$ 4
$ 6
' %
's
1 ,$ 6
]? )$ $,' $ ~J$46
*? $?p' 1 @&6 +$ $ ?
#' E'
P' 1 $6
$ ' j'( f$ $ (Have you considered that watering of pilgrims and construction of the Holy Mosque
equal to that who believed in Allah and the Day of Judgment?), ¦
$#T
$ #$ ,1 H
$ 6

;? +$ $ (Allah has declared
the intoxicants forbidden), '5(1 #'
1 $ X ' $T ;? +$ $ (Hamid started beating me) etc. In last case, ;+ works like
d? ?Y.
Opinions, statements c
' K?p$ Two statuses f1@$?' 51 $ Story, description *F GT
Legal opinions $@$8?
Agreed f$ 1 +' ,$ %& Century *R',6
Following, opting mF $H>1

Blind following ' 'p$@
Association, affiliation <
' $s@'/
Understanding,
jurisprudence
& p 8? @$
Food c
& F. School of Thought Q
{ U$ Z$
Old ¦,1. Collections c
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Two centuries, d#. T
f' 1 /$#p
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Worth Reading
Why people have two faces? What is the impact of dual personality on the
reputation? Read the details in:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0016-Twofaces.htm
Those who bound to f$ 1 ' ' @$& Those who are able to
conduct Ijtihad
f$ '3' @$%& To search for ' AM@$@$
A scholar capable of
giving legal opinions
¦@'8& Their cities '3/'
$&( Two ranks f' 1 @$$ )!
Two ranks f$ 1 @$M$>$#$ They walk, they act d? &r,$ Special people *F "$H6
They are busy d? FL' @$r$ Rare ]b )$ !' $/ Ordinary people *F "$+
He purifies 7
& F H$ They asked for legal opinion
$@8$@
Having consensus *' "' $,1 =
Reports about practice
or opinions of (4 )' A scholar capable of giving
legal opinions
O
{ 8& Majority )' &3,&

& +$( ( ;? ,$ $ . ._ { '4$ { '8@$s& { T f' *' ?}?s$,6

' #{ E' 0{ $` Ç= & +$ $ d? A$@4$ K
K ,' f$ 1 +(@
*' (4-
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Ç= d' $Ms
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Face the Challenge!

What is the impact of ç
E d̈= and ç
E dY if they are entered on a *,1
*,&.
Give three examples of both.
He is not appointed j$ @$$ K Preference _

' '#$@
They needed d? A$@4$
A position in Judiciary 0 $p?
He passed $$ Issue *' ?}?s$,6
A position of giving legal

opinions
0 $@
He selected )$ $@E
Extensive, detailed
{ '8@$s&
People
X $/F The most sound of two $,3& p? ? He do not consider good f& s
& 4$ K
A new thing happened ¢
? $ T$ They derive d? &#& H$ Contradiction x
' )& $+>$
Debates F $ %
$ 6
Clearly declared,
proclaimed
¦T"#-
$ & Knowledge transmitted
by earlier generations
;' p5
Difference in opinion
& 'H6
They are associated d? &Ms
$ 5& Clarity a
' &:&

up? 4'@
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F $M.= 0' ,+
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$ '> ;F U ?#$ ?

/ù d & +( .f$ 1 M''? f$ 1 ('Fv$
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Ç= & s $ 8$/ O
1 ?$ f$
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$ #$ p? /
High rank ' $%6

Respect $ 8$ It lead to O
'
$ 6
He wrote a book
$ "5
$ They escaped
&(#$ U$ Merit u?p4'@
Debate ;? 'p
? ?p
They turned away
&:#$ Firm establishment ' p'@
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$#
Times, periods )' $-z
They were compelled to
A#v? :
Arrangement $ '3,$> Popularity F $M.= Seeking help *' /$$+@'K
People of elite class )' &-

&
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1(&?#$ `1
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' $4-'@
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1 ?$ Achievement
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something
#,$ @$s&
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dù .d? &#+& r$ K U ;' ,$5
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1 v' p? 5$ . "!)$ &
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/û ? U&#ù )$ $ ,? ]? p
d̈ N']"pF
&)$ $ ¦ .*' ?}?s$,6
' f$ 1 ' ~p? @$,& 6
f' ;{ )
;F 3$ ¦ .;M. f ;'. . D` dû N *+
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m $#>$ ,ù N'²'#H$@
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End point #{ 1 s Polemics, debates on
disputed issues
c
' K'!$%& They became lenient
FU$ $s>$
Declaration _
' '#-$> We know ')$/ Disputed (issues) *' "' 'H6
Scholars of previous time f$ 1 ' ~p? @$& They became satisfied

A/}?,
The thought / assumed
&,$ 2$
Injustice )& $ $ Creep Q
& '(!$ Deriving
F $M5'@
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Fine-tuned points ' R'?.!$
He does not believe Q
& '#& K Competition &T
$>$ Explanation #' '#p$>
Scholars of later age f' '#~E}$@& It was contradicted
$ .? &/ Reasons, plural of * ;' ? '

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&
x
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c ' $&,+&
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H6
' $ % $ 6

?ZU *F 5$@' .;b U' K X ' $,@
'>$#$ K ,' 3'/&! f', f$ 1 ' #' H&,6
.' M'T' $-' ;{ ) ;F Y #$ -$ @$/

' &,6
'
&#$ $r>$ f$ 1 T' N¼z
*' 5@8
f' *b M#. ' A,+$ @$

(1) “Asma ur Rijaal” is the discipline of biographies of Hadith Narrators. Their names, family names,
details of Hadith collection and delivery, travels etc. are described in it.
(2) “Al-Jirh wa Al-Ta’adeel” is the discipline in which the reliability of the Hadith Narrators is analyzed
in the light of information provided by “Asma ur Rijaal”. Declaring a person unreliable is called “Al-Jirh”
while declaring him reliable is called “Al-Ta’adeel”.
(3) “Usul ul Fiqh” is the discipline which describes procedure of deriving law from religious sources.
Its reality $3kpT$ He responded to a

question
<
$ $ Deep studies c
' ?pA,+$ >$
He faces x
& "#+$ @$$ He explanation "-8$> The makes a foundation w
& ~$ &
Examination 7
' 4? He divided $ "s.? Levels, ranks Q
' >'
$#$
Generalizations c
' $&,& He modified or converted )$ "4
$ ? History
' )@
Indications c
'
y0$,1= He prolonged ? "? Scrutiny, examination 7
$ "48? >$
Those who derive f$ 1 ' #' H& Once ]D )$ $> Its odd or strange things $3M'R'
#S
He is satisfied '>$#$ Assuming x
' #? Fake [
' &:$
Listening it $,@
Situations )' $ -
&
He brought !$ )$
They fight each other
(in a debate)

&#$ $r>$ Far, unlikely ]' $ +$ M$@s& He inquired into $-p$@

D'@E
D 3$ ZU O 1 M$p? ZG N0$,$ & 0$, & & R'?.$ ¦:&$ DG? $ '> O 1 M$p? $,G?
"4$ 6
d? &~,$ & K N'#$ -
'
' p$@
?$ db #. &U$ +$( c?}r $ 5$ .0' ) f' 3? ¦,U1 $ DYFG`&
F
. ? 8' T$ Z
u & ~r$ @$,& 6
)& ?#?
&U Z{ '$ & 'p8? . ' M5'@
f$ ' $ %$ 6
K ;' ' $M
f'
? !TK
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.' '.'` *' p? r
' p'r(' $U!$ #$ $ N{',$> #' 1 S f' 38'+: $ $3&' .? 0' 3p8
.'$4? ]' "pF (' )' $,1 z

kZ3$ ù? $UjZU$ $3,' 'p$ 3'44

'
*F "%T& &U N&3?Z? E$ f$ &UA# & $ K '!$M' f' *b 8? R'? d̈ N
¦!#' jv& ¦kùF m dù :. K
¦
$@'/
A`$
¦' p$> #& ? *D 5$@' #& ?ù &U K= m +( db #?. c ' }$ ? .
.? d6 = ':) '
$/1 $ $ "/='” :KFp$ d}( f' '
#' ' x ' $H6
' #$@('
A/}?,$
@T N'#
) f' *' /$Ä'
(43:22 #E2) .“d? &@$31 & 1 U' )' ? ?$ "/='$ *{ "F ?$ $/0y $(
Worth Reading
Suspicion is the major reason for our disputes. How to avoid the suspicion?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0007-Suspicion.htm
Talk )' $,1 z

Talkative, bigmouthed )& ?#?
It came after O
1 M$p?
His beard (power of
mouth)
'$4? Loudmouthed who talks
without care
u
& ~r
$ @$,& 6
Biting, offensive ¦:&$
Equal, same
¦!#' jv& He memorized
? 8' T$ Events & R'?.$
He let them down &3?Z? E$ He described it $U!$ #$ $ Mixing D'@E
Argument, clear proof *F "%T& Using mouth (speaking

too much)
*' p? r
' p'` Doubts DYFG`&
They are less in number
.? His mouth ' '.'` Side 0' )
It is abundant #& ? Expert in Hadith ¢
F ~4
$ ,& 6
So it grew c?}r
$ 5$
Thinking deeply x
' $H6
Its sick (unreliable) $3,' 'p$ Pure
' #$ -
'
Their footsteps 1 U' )' ? He speaks it without

thinking inside it
$UjZU$ They differentiate d? &~,$ &

Lesson 14A: *,1
*,&, Conditional Sentences and Pronouns
Dear Reader!
You are familiar with *,1
*,&. In this lesson, we are
Keeping our environment clean and
going to study some advanced rules about it. As you are fighting against pollution is our
aware that a *,1
*,& consists of two parts i.e.
$@$M& religious responsibility.
#X M$E$ (subject and predicate).
Both of them are always [#. The
@M is usually a single word (a proper noun or a pronoun) e.g. N5A()$
<
& jF f& 4 1 /$ etc. The
@M can also be a ([) ;+ + d) )- e.g. $p$@ <& #$ .
F8+$> d6 (Your
forgiving is nearer to piety) etc. It can also be a phrase like 8> Ò:= QY# e.g. ]F $-
*' "5%
$ 6
a
& $@8'
(The key of Paradise is performing prayer) etc.
Common Noun as
@M
In normal circumstances, the
@M is a proper noun (*#+

) but in certain cases, it may be a common
noun (]#G5

). The detail is as follows:
• If the ³E is a phrase in )#9 form, its
@M may be a common noun. In that case, the
@M will come after
the ³E e.g. ;
b & )$*' #&L
Ò (There is a man in the room), ]b )"$ $5' (There is a car with me).
• Interrogative words are common nouns. Certain interrogative words like ?Y N$ Nf$ are considered the

@M in an interrogative sentence, while the word after them is considered the ³E e.g. ' X #$ 1 Y?
?8r$@s&,6
(There are how many patients in the hospital?), $A()$ f1 $ (Who is your Lord?)
Sequence of #$ME$
@M
In normal circumstances, the
@M comes before the #$ME
$ , but in following cases, the #$ME$ should come before
the
@M.
• As mentioned above that if the ³E is )#%$, and its
@M is a common noun, the
@M will come after the
³E e.g. ;b & )$ *' #&L
Ò (There is a man in the room), ]b )"$ $5' (There is a car with me).
• Certain interrogative words e.g. Y N$@ Nd N/ Nf are always considered as #$ME $ in an interrogative
sentence. They will come before the
@M e.g.
#& -$/ $@$ (When Allah’s help will come?), 3$#& d
(When it will occur?), '<?p ' d? ?Y
$ 1 Y? (How was the punishment?)
• If the
@M is carrying a pronoun whose relation is with a noun in the #$ME, the #$ME can come before the

@M e.g. $3M&T' $ O' $M
' (In the house, there is its owner), & (&$@Y' X 'H:
$ (His book is thick) etc.
• If an exception is described in the
@M, the the #$ME will come before the
@M e.g. d F s?G
K̈= #X ' $E K
(There is no loser except the lazy one),
K̈= $ ?= K (There is no god except Allah).

Lesson 14A: *,1
Omission of ³E
@M
If the
@M or ³E are already known to the audience, it can be omitted. For instance, if it is asked XU' $` f$
(Who has observed?), the answer will be / (I). In this case, the complete sentence X U' $` / is not required.
So the ³E will be omitted.
Similarly, if it is asked $,

& 1
(What is your name?), the answer will be X ' $T. In this case, the complete
sentence '$T / is not required. So the
@M will be omitted.
Sometimes, in order to draw full attention of the audience towards the

@M, the ³E is deleted. Similarly, if it
is required to draw full attention to the ³E, the
@M is deleted. For instance, if a student sees a snake in the
classroom, he will not say a complete sentence db $M+?
ZU (This is a snake). He will simply say !!!!db $M+?
(Snake!!!!!)
Rules of #$ME
$
The #$ME
$ has several rules:
• The #$ME can be a single word e.g. _
X '$ ;F & "#
(The man is a pious person). In this case, the
@M will be
proper noun while the ³E will be a common noun.
• It can be a complete sentence *+ *,1

*,& e.g. _
X '$ & &( b '( (Bilal, his father is a pious person).
Here _
X '$ & &( is a complete sentence *,1
*,& which is the #$ME of b '(. Similarly in 1 GF p? ? E$
(Allah,
He created you), 1 GF p? ? E$ is a complete sentence *+ *,& which is the #$ME of
.
• It can be a phrase
) 8v 8> Ò:= QY# e.g. '
O& $(
Z$U (This is the
House of Allah), _ X '$ ;b & )$
ZU (This is a pious man), *F ,$ ' ? $,1 $,U& (They are Asma and Fatima),
& ,$46
(The praise is for Allah), 1 GF .F 2& #1 $ 'Zj

?ZU$ (This is the One Who provides you sustenance).
• Several
@M for the same #$ME are possible and vice versa e.g. P$ $+v
?
d' FY}$ b '( & ,$ T1 (Ahmed and Bilal
eat food), <
& #' r$ ;F YF }$ $ U& (He eats and drinks), & '%,$ 6

' #1 +$ 6
Fm !& &!$ 6
)& F8L$ 6
$ U& (He is the Forgiver, the
Affectionate, the Owner of Throne, the Exalted). In this sentence, there are four #$ME of a single
@M.
Do you know?
An important genre of Arabic prose is *. It means advice. Their
experienced and knowledgeable people used to advise their family and friends
in an eloquent manner. Such literature provides excellent pieces of wisdom.
The advices of Luqman 5
:) are described in the Quran.

Lesson 14A: *,1
Test Yourself (1)

Analyze the following sentences as given in the first line.
Coming
*#+)
$@$M&
Reason first?
@M
(]#G/
'(#
#$ME
Normally
@M comes first
@M (*#+)
)X F8S?
& & ?Y Q

X '%$
]b )$ "$ $5'
`$
'
$<?S f1 $
O
$ / f$
1 GF #X 1 E$
&&->$ d6
x
X #$ $ 1 3' ('F.F '
u
X #1 ($$ X 1 )$ $ c
X $,F VF ' '
]b #$ "3v? & J
X
$21 ? $3'
' j'( d? &#8F G6 >$
$ 1 Y?
d? A~F 1 3& 51 '
]b $T$ Ã
' $-p' 6
' 1 GF ?
1 GF 1 ? $ PX "#4
$ & $ U&
Worth Reading
In the Land of the Quran & the Bible. At travel story to the sites
related to God’s prophets. The writing is in Urdu.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0014-00-Safarnama.htm

Lesson 14A: *,1
Test Yourself (2)

At the place where the symbol [] is given, either the
@M or the ³Eis omitted. Identify the omitted word and
describe the reason to omit it.
Reason FZ4$ English '(#

Allah is the Originator of
the heavens and the earth
x
' )1 zy
$ c
'
$,$ "s
& '($ []
This is Allah’s color ' j
*? L$ M1
' []
She said: “I am old and
infertile.”
X 'p$ 2X &%$ [] O
1 ??.
Allah is the Knower of
hidden and open things.
]' !$ $3"r
$ Q
' 1 L$ 6
& '$ []
So I should express a nice
patience
;b ',$ #X M1
$ []
$
They are dead, not alive 0{ $T1 ? #& 1 S? c
X
$1 ? []
What do you know about [] .u
& )' jv
$ $
$)!1 ? $$
that coming on night? It is
the shooting star. Q
& .' j
& %1 "5
They are deaf, dumb and

blind.
X ,1 & X G6 (&
& []
[] ' j
F &)$ 1 3& ? ? ?p?
So Allah’s Prophet said to
them: “This is Allah’s
camel and its drinking (is $U$p6 & $ ' j
*? .? $/
mandatory for you).
Rule of the Day! The word Y is used in two different meanings: (1) To ask a question about number of
quantity, it gives the sense of “How much? How many?”. (2) To express amazement or surprise, it gives
the sense of “Ooh!, Wow! How many!!!!”.
For example, it is used as a question in the following: D1$ O
& 6 M'? ? ?. O$ 6 M'? 1 Y? ? ?. (He said, “How long did
I remain?” He replied, “I remained for a day.”), $5' Q X @&YF 1 Y? (How many books you have?)
It is used to express amazement in the following: ' j
d ' m6 '(' ]D \
$ 'Y? *D ?' O1 M$? S? *{ ? '.? *{ ?' f1 ' 1 Y? (Ooh! How
many small armies dominated the bigger ones by Allah’s permission), d { #1 .? f1 ' 1 3' ' M1 .? f1 ' $5G6 ? U1 ? 1 Y?
1#$ $ 1 ??
(Do they not see how many nations We destroyed before them!!!!), f 1 ' $3' $5@1 M$/1? 1 Y? x ' )1 zy
?='
1#$ $ 1 ?$ ?
t{ #' Y? J
{ 1 2$ k;YF (Do they not see how many venerated couples We have grown in the earth????)

Lesson 14A: *,1
Conditional Sentences
The conditional sentences consist of two parts e.g. “If you will help me, I’ll help you.” The first part is called
the
b #&`, while the second part after the comma is called the
{ #$` <
&
. For example, 1 YF #1 -
& 51 $
y

&#-
& 51 >$ d6 =
1 GF $
$.6 O
1 ~M?&$ (If you’ll support Allah (His cause), He will support you and will firmly establish your feet).
There are several words used to describe the sense of “if”. They include $,3$ NA N(K + d 6 =) K̈= N$@$ N N1f$ .
There are certain rules about the conditional sentences:
• If [) ;+ is used in either the #` or the #` <

, it will be P&%1 $ e.g. 1 +& /$
&!&+>$ d6 = (If you will
return, we will also return). You already know that in case of P, four words carry a P while the d of
all words carrying a d is deleted except the two feminine words.
• Sometimes, a will be added before the #` <

if it starts with either of certain words e.g. N$w?
\,: = N# ;+ Njd= N$,"/}?Y N$ N N1f? N1.? N$s$ e.g. "5' w
$ ?? "©S? f1 $ (Whoever made things impure
[in order to earn more profits], so he will not be among us), ¦,q
¦2 2 p & ?$) y
' v' & f1 $
(Whoever followed Allah and His Prophet, so he succeeded with a great success) etc.
• If there is a before the #` <
, its [) ;+ will not be P9.
• Sometimes, the #` <
comes before the #`.
Do you know?
Arab poetry (and also poetry of other languages) consists of three major genres:
(1) --p
#+r
: The incidents of war and description of bravery of tribe’s
warriors is described in it. It also includes exaggeration and fabricated events to
express pride in tribal associations.
(2) ,@
#+r
: It depicts a poetic dialogue among different imagined characters.
Poets describe their feelings and views in that dialogue. Operas are performed on the
basis of such poems.
(3) R5L
#+r
: The objective of this poetry is to express the feelings of love,
sympathy, grief etc. in form of a song. Such poetry is widely used in movies.
Worth Reading
How to get rid of Frustration? The author has analyzed the reasons of
frustration and provided solutions to get rid of it. The writing is in Urdu.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0002-00-Frustration.htm

Lesson 14A: *,1
Test Yourself (3)

Separate the #` and the #` <
by using different colors. Also describe the #` #T, the [)
P9 (if any), and the reasons for using in the #` <
. See the first line as an example.
[) #T
Reason for
P9 #` English '(#
None 1 ? +$ Whatever you do good, Allah
knows it
& j
& ,1 ? +1 $ #{ 1 E$ f1 '
F+$ 86 >$ $
If they decide to divorce, then $ j
jd'? u
$ jv

&$ $ d6 ='
surely Allah is the Listener, the
Knowledgeable (of any offence) X '$ X ',$
If You will not forgive me and f1 ' f1 YF ? '5,1 T$ #1 >$$ ' #1 8' L1 >$ jK='
will not be merciful to me, I’ll be
one of losers. f$ '#' $H6
Whoever does good deeds and he $ U& $ c

' $4'"-
f1 ' ;6 ,$ +1 $ f1 $
is a believer, so he will not be
fearful to be offended D,6VF
& $H$ ? fX ' 1 &
Whomever Allah guides, so he
becomes the rightly-guided.
'@$31 ,& 6
$ 3& ? & j
' 31 $ f1 $
If they lower their arms for
obedience, then you also lower $3? _
1 5$1 ? ' 6 "s'
&45$$ d6 ='
your arms for them
So whoever will do a good deed
equivalent to a grain, will see it
$#$
D#1E$ ]{ ")m? ? ?p6 ' ;6 ,$ +1 $ f1 ,$ ?
Whenever sign you bring to $/#$ 4
$s1 @$' *{ $ f1 ' ' (' $5>'}6 >$ $,31 $
bewitch us with that, we will not
believe in you i
$ 5'' 1 ,& ('
$ ? f& 41 /$ $,? $3('
Their husbands have the priority
$ 'm? ' "fU' ~!#$ (' AT$ ? "f3& @&?&+(&
to return them in that matter
(divorce), if they intend to reform DT1='
&!
$)? d6 ='
If they intend to deceive you, then jd'? $ &$ H
1 $ d6 ?
&'#& d6 ='
Allah is enough for you. & j

$ M$s
1 T$
Whoever comes to him as a ;? ,' $ 1 .? D5'1 & ' >'}6 $ f1 $
believer and he had done good
deeds, so they will be at high
1 3& ? $ '?1 }F? c
' $4'"-
ranks. &+6
c & $)$ "

Lesson 14A: *,1
Pronouns
You have learnt at Level 1 that the [# pronouns are: N'O/ N@/ N,@/ N$O/ NfU& N,&U NU N&U N,&U NU
f& 4$/ N/ N"f@&/ N,@/. If they are )#9 <-5, they will be N$,YF N' NFY N,FY N$ NfU& N,&U NU N&U N,&U N&
/ N N"fYF . You also know that there are hidden pronouns in all words of a verb. If a pronoun is not shown
separately, these hidden pronouns automatically complete the sentence.
There is a special type of pronouns which is called ;-85 Q-/ \,:. In this case the word = is added
before the #R,: <-5 e.g. N"fYF = N$,YF = N'= NFY= N,FY= N$= NfU& = N,&U= NU= N&U= N,&U= N&=
/= N=. They are used in the following circumstances:
• If the pronoun is +8 and it is required to be used before the ;+, e.g.
& M&+1 /$ $ "=' (Only You, we worship).
If the +8 is brought before the sentence, the sense of “only” is added to it. The sentence $ & M&+1 /$ is
correct but it has no emphasis on the +8. The sentence
& M&+1 /$ $ is not correct.
• If the pronoun is coming after a K̈=
v #T, e.g. & "= $ @&$) (I saw you and him), = K= & M&+$/ K (We
don’t worship except Him). The sentences & K= M+/ K N&
$ @&$), are not correct.
• If two pronouns are used as +8, e.g. $U= & @&?v (I gave it to him). The sentence $33& @&?v, is not correct.
• It is also used to give the sense of “It is essential for…” e.g. $s4
$ 6
1 YF "=' (It is essential for you to avoid
jealousy).
Do you know?
An important way of writing Arabic prose is that the last word of each
sentence gives the same sound. It is called X%1 $ and such piece of
communication is called X "%s
$ & . It is called “rhymed prose” or “assonance”
in English. It is considered good if it is sudden and not fabricated
intentionally. Last Surahs of the Quran have the same rhyming scheme e.g.
& %
1 "5
$ .d{ $Ms
1 4
& (' #& ,$ p? 6
$ w
& ,1 "r
.d? $M$6
& ,$ j$ .d? $s/'
$ ? E$ .d? #1 pF 6
$ j$ .f& ,$ T1 "#
d'
$%&s 1 $ #& %
$ "r
$
Face the Challenge!
When the
@M is brought before #$ME
$?
Worth Reading
How to conduct work for Islamic Da’wah? How a Da’wah strategy should be
developed? The article is in Urdu
language.http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0005-00-Dawat.htm

Lesson 14A: *,1
Test Yourself (4)

Describe the reason for using =.
Reason for using = English '(#

So only fear Me. d' &MU$ )1 ?
$ "='
& "=' 1 @&5FY d6 =' ' j'
&#GF `1
Thank Allah if you worship only Him.

d? &M&+1 >$
It is essential for you to fear Allah. $ j

Fp">
d6 ? 1 YF "='
Nay, you call only Him d? &1 >$ & "=' ;6 ($
We provide sustenance to them and you. 1 U& "='$ 1 GF .F 2& #1 /$ f& 4
1 /$
You did not use to worship only us. d? &M&+1 >$ $/"=' 1 @&51 YF $
He instructed that don’t worship anyone
except Him.
& "=' jK='
&M&+1 >$ jK? #$ $ ?
Allah provides sustenance to her (or
them) and you
1 YF "='$ $3.F 2& #1 $ & j
We or you (either of us) is on guidance or ' 1 ? ¦U& ?+$ ? 1 YF "=' 1 ? "/='

on the way of an open deviation i
{ M'& { $:
Are these the ones whom they used to
worship.
d? &M&+1 $
&/?Y 1 YF "=' 0' K&U$ ?
We advised the people of book who were f1 ' <

$ $@G' 6

&>F f$ 'Zj
$51 "$
before you and you (as well) 1 YF "='$ 1 GF ' M1 .?
My Lord! If You had wanted, You may ;F M1 .? f1 ' 1 3& @$G6 ? U1 ? O
$ 6 `' 1 ? ~<)$
have killed them before and me (too).
$ "='$
Worth Reading!
How to get rid of poverty? Is there any shortcut available?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm

Lesson 14B: Surah Qaaf to Surah Waqi'ah
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study certain Surahs of the Quran. The
Surahs mentioned in the Lesson 14B & 15B are structured in a Before developing a passion to
way that they give a complete message. It is your assignment change the world, change yourself
to discover the structure of this part of the Quran. positively.
T#
f,1T#

s( u ]F )$ &

?ZR'? .Q
X '%$ 0e 1 `$
?ZU$ d? #& ' ?G6
? ?p? 1 3& 51 ' )X Z' 51 & 1 U& 0y $ d6 ?
&M%
' $ ;6 ($ .1' '%,$ 6
d' #1 pF 6
$ u

&(jZY? ;6 ($ .
b '8T$ <X $@Y' $/$ 51 ' $ 1 3& 51 ' x
& )1 zy
7
& pF 51 >$ $ $5,1 ' $ 1 .? .X '+($ X 1 )$ $ 'm? D(
$#>& "5YF $ $5@1 '
.²{ '#$ #{ 1 ? ' 1 3& ? 1 U& 0y $ ",? ~4
$ 6'(
$51 p? 6?$ $U$/!1 $ $ x $ )1 zy
$ .J{ &#F f1 ' $3? $$ $U"5"2$ $ $U$51 5$($
$ 1 Y? 1 3& .? 1 ? 0' $,"s
?='
&#qF 15$ 1 ? ? ?
0' $,"s
f1 ' $56"/$$ .Q { '5& { M1 $ k;GF ' $#Y6 m' $ ]D #$ -
' M1 >$ .²
{ '3($ J { 1 2$ k;YF f1 ' $3' $5@1 M$/1?$ $ '
$)$ $3'
$51 $T1 ?$ !' $M+' 6 ' D.12)' .X '/$ X 6 ? $3? c
{ ?p' $( ;? H 1 "5
$ .' '-4 $ 6
"QT$ $ c { "5$ ' (' $5@1 M$/1}?? DY$)$M& 0| $
.J
& &#H & 6
$ 'Z? Y? ....D@1$ ]D $ 6 ($ ' ('
1. It is a style in the Arabic to present something in evidence by swearing but omit the s. <
. The reason of this
omission is that the audience can easily understand that by pondering. Here the phrase omitted is “We present this
Quran as evidence that the people of Quraish did not deny the Prophethood of Muhammad on a logical base. Their
argument is that how a man can be a prophet.” They used to consider the Quran something like the false prophecies
of a soothsayer, poetry of a poet, or a revelation from the Satan. Allah rejects their argument and present evidence
that it is very logical that Allah raises a man as a prophet to warn about the Hereafter. The remaining part of the
Surah contains arguments on it.
Repentant, returning Q
{ '5& Flaws, openings J
{ &#F They amazed
&M%
' $
Ready to harvest ' '-4
$ 6
We prolonged it $U$/!1 $ $ Warner (about the
Hereafter)
)X Z' 51 &
High, tall c
{ ?p' $( Mountains $ '
$)$ Is if
?m= ? N
?ZR'?
Clusters X 6 ? Beautiful, joyful ²
{ '3($ We die $5@1 '
Arranged one over another X '/$ Enlightenment ]D #$ -
' M1 >$ Confusion ²
{ '#$

*' G? 1zy
<
& $4 1 ?$ .
{ F dF
$E1 ='$ dF 1 $ #1 ' $ !X $$ .!& &,?$ ~"#
< & $4 1 ?$ a{ &/ P& 1 .? 1 3& ? M1 ?. O
1 ($jZY?
.{ '$ { 6 E$ f1 ' w
{ M1 ? ' 1 U& ;6 ($ ' "zy
' 6 H $ 6'( $5'+$ ? ? .' '$ "4
$ ? ;? & A#
<
$ jZY? ;´ YF 1{ "M>& P& 1 .? $
jp? @$$ m6 =' .' ')$ 6
;' M1 T$ f1 ' ' 1 ?=' <& #$ .6 ? f& 41 /$$ &s
& 86 /$ ' (' & ' 1 $ >& $ & ? +1 /$$ d? $s/1'
$5p6 ?E$ 1 p? ?$
]F #$ G6 $ c 1 0y $$ .X '@$ Q X '.)$ ' 1$ ? jK=' { 1 .? f1 ' F 8' 6 $ $ .2X '+.? ' $,~r
f1 $ $ i ' ,' $6
f1 $ d' $kp? @$,& 6
w{ 86 /$ ; YF c 1 0y $$ .' '$ 6

P& 1 $ $ 'm? )' A-
' $ 8' /&$ .& '4>$ & 51 ' O$ 51 YF $ $ 'm? ~4 $ 6'( c
' 1 ,$ 6
.3X 'T$ P$ 1 $6

$ #& - $ M$? $ 0y ?vS' $ 51 $ $586 r$ G? ?
?ZU$ f1 ' *{ ? 86 S? ' O $ 51 YF 1 p? ? .X '3`$ $ X R'$ $3+$ $
.5 Q { '#& { @$+1 & #' 1 H
$ 6 ' [
{ "5$ .{ '5$ ){ j8Y? j;YF $ "53$ $ ' 4 $p' 6? .X '@$ "$ ? $
?ZU$ & 5&'#.? ? ?.$
.' '"r
< '
?Z+$ 6
' & $p' 6}?? #$ E$ D3?=' ' j
$ $ ?;+$ $ 'Zj
1. These are the nations well known to Arabs who were ruined due to denying their prophets.
2. The full sentence is X '+.?
' $,~r
f1 $ $ [X '+.? ] i
' ,' $6
f1 $ , one X '+.? is omitted to avoid wordiness.
3. “Today, your vision is as sharp as iron” is a way to express ridicule.
4. The criminal will be driven by two angels i.e. X '3` $ $ X R'$, both of them will be asked to execute his punishment.
Zamakhshari describes the opinion of a famous Arab writer Mubarrad that the verb for 5> is used to for repetition of
verb. The word $p' 6? is 5>, so it can also mean, “throw, throw”.
5. Here, attributes of the criminals are described. In Arabic, if adjectives are described without a conjunction, it
means that the person has all of such attributes at one time.
We removed (the veil) $586 r

$ Y? Guardian Q
X '.)$ We failed $5'$
Cover, veil $ 0y ?vS' Agony of death c
' 1 ?
]F #$ G6 $ Doubt, confusion w
{ M1 ?
Stubborn { '5$ Vigilant X '@$ Jugular vein ' ')$ 6
;' M1 T$
One who forbids a lot [
{ "5$ You escape & '4>$ Seated, sitting X '+.?
(An angel) who will
drive him
X R'$ He speaks a word
F 8' 6 $

1 GF 1 ?=' O& 1 ".? 1 .? $ "$ ?

&,- ' @$H 1 >$ K ? ?. .{ '+($ { $: ' d? ?Y f1 G' ?$ & @&1 L$ 6 ? $ $5"()$ & &5'#.? ? ?.
f1 ' ;6 U$ F Fp>$$ c ' Ä g @$1
;6 U$ $ "53$ %
$ ' F Fp/$ P$ 1 $ .1' 'M+$ 6 ' P{ jq? (' $/? $$ "$ ? F 1 p? 6
F "M$& $ .' '$ 6'(
f$ ,$ T1 "#
$ r ' E$ f1 $ . { '8T$ < {
"? k;GF ' d? &$ &> $
?ZU$ .{ '+($ #$ 1 S? i $ p' "@,& 6 ' *F "5%
$ 6
O
1 8? '21 F$ .{ '$
$51$ ?$ $3' d? 0$r$ $ 1 3& ? .!' FH & 6
P& 1 $ $ 'm? P{ $s(' $UFE& !1
.Q { '5& Q { 6 p? (' 0y $$ 2Q ' 1 L$ 6'(
jd=' {7'4$ f1 ' ;6 U$ N3!' 'M6
'
&Mjp5$? Dr6v($ 1 3& 51 ' A`$ ? 1 U& d{ #1 .? f1 ' 1 3& ? M1 .? $5G6 ?U1 ? 1 Y? $ .X '$
.X '3`$ $ U& $ $ ,1 "s
?p6? 1 ? Q X 6 .? & ? d? ?Y f1 ,$ ' $#Y6 Z' ? $ 'm? '
$ ?$ #1 M' 1 ? .< { &LF f1 ' $5"s$ $$ P{ "? *' "@' ' $,3& 5$1 ($ $$ x $ )1 zy
$ c '
$,$ "s
$5p6 ? E$ 1 p? ?$
)$ $(!1 ?$ & 41 ~Ms
$ ? ;' 1 j
f1 ' $ .<' &#L& 6
;? M1 .? $ w ' ,1 "r
[ ' FF ;? M1 .? $ ~()$ 4' ,1 4 $ (' _ 1 ~M$ $ d? FFp$
P& 1 $ $ 'm? ~4 $ 6'( *? 4
$ 1 "-
d? &+,$ s
1 $ P$ 1$ .5Q { '#.? d{ ?G$ f1 ' !' $5,& 6
!' $5& P$ 1 $ 1 ,' @$1
$ .!' &%As
$51 ? $ #X r
1 T$ $ 'm? D
$#' 1 3& 51 $ x
& )1 zy
& jpr $ >$ P$ 1 $ .\
&- ' ,$ 6
$51 ?='$ O
& ',/&$ '4 1 /& f& 41 /$ "/'= .J' &#H& 6
.' '$ & $H$ f1 $ d' #1 pF 6'( #1 kYZ? ? ){ "M%

$ (' 1 3' 1 ? $ O
$ /1? $$ d? FFp$ $,(' & ?1 ? f& 4
1 /$ .\
Xs' $
1. When *LM

is used in a negative sentence, it expresses exaggeration in negation. This sentence means, “I am
not at all cruel to My slaves.”
2. The preposition < ' is used in the meaning of #V i.e. time or place. QL( means that “He fears God while being in
a position where they cannot see Him.”
3. !' 'M6
'
&Mjp5$? means that they wandered in towns to seek protection. This proverb is used to describe the condition
of remaining people of a nation after its destruction due to a disaster.
4. _Ms> and ,$T both describe glorifying Allah but the _Ms> has negative meaning i.e. proclaiming that Allah is free
from any error. ,$T has positive meaning that He has everything what the God should have.
5. A God-fearing person should be always attentive to the call of Hereafter. It is depiction of Day of Judgment that
people will feel that its occurrence is being announced from a near place.
Fatigue <
{ &LF Strength, power Dr6v($ His companion & 5&'#.?
After, behind )$ $(!1 ? They traveled to
search

&Mjp5$? I deviated him to
become arrogant
& @&1 L$ 6 ?
Shout, call *? 4
$ 1 "-
A place to seek refuge 7
{ '4$ It is brought O
1 8? '21 F
Hastening D
$#' He will announce !' $5& Repentant <
{
"?

T#
f,1T#

s( c)
Z
]F )$ &
d? &$ &> $,"/=' .2
D#1? c ' $,~sp? ,& 6? .
D#1s& c ' $)' $%6? .
D#6.' c ' '$46? .1
D1)m? c ' $)'
jZ
$
f1 $ & 51 $
& ? 1 & . { ' @$H
1 & { 1 .? '8? 1 GF "/=' .3 ' M&4& 6
c '
?m 0' $,"s
$ .X .'
$? f$ ~
jd='$ .u X !' $-?
)' "5
?$ 1 U& P$ 1 $ .f' ~
P& 1 $ d? "? d? F}?s
1 $ .d? &U$ ]{ #$ ,1 S? ' 1 U& f$ 'Zj
.d? &
"#H $ 6
;? @'.F 4 . $ ' F
.d? F%
' +1 @$s1 >$ ' (' 1 @&5FY 'Zj

?ZU$ 1 GF @$5$1@'
F.Fm .5 d? &5@$86 &

D '.?
&/?Y .i $ 5's
'4 1 & $ 'm? ;? M1 .?
&/?Y 1 3& "/=' 1 3& A()$ 1 U& $> $ f$ 'ZE' .d{ && $ c { "5$ ' i $ p' "@,& 6
jd='
.P' &#4
1 ,$ 6
$ ;' R'"s' T$ 1 3' '
$1 ? '$ .d? &#8' L1 @$s 1 $ 1 U& )' $41 zy '($ .d? &+%$ 31 $ $ ;' 1 j
f1 '
.d? &$ &> $$ 1 GF .F 21 )' 0' $,"s
'$ .d? &#-
' M1 >& ?? 6 1 GF s ' 8F /? '$ .i $ 5'.' &,6 ' c
X $ x ' )1 zy
'$
.d? Fpv' 5$> 1 GF "/? $ ;? 6 ' 4
$ ? & "/=' x
' )1 zy
$ 0' $,"s
~<)$ $ ?
1. When the )- is added to a verb or noun, it adds emphasis. The meaning will be “I present as an evidence the
winds which scatter with great force.”
2. Arabs knew very well that the winds were used to punish the nations of previous prophets. The A’ad were
punished by the heavily-blowing winds. The nation of Lot Ps
]-
was fired with brimstone by winds. The
flood of Prophet Noah Ps
]-
was brought by the winds carrying a lot of clouds. The Pharaoh was sunk in the
sea by splitting it by winds. These winds are presented as an evidence to the audience of Prophet Muhammad
Ps
]-
that they can be punished in the same way if they continue to deny Allah’s Messenger. All this is evidence
for occurrence of the Hereafter which is inevitable.
3. Quranic Exegetes disagree on the meaning of ' M&4
& 6
. Some consider it orbits of stars and planets. Others describe it
the lines in the clouds. Since such clouds were used as a medium of implementing God’s punishment on the
previous nations, therefore, it is an evidence of God’s Accountability.
4. It means “The one who denies the Hereafter is the person who is deviated from the right path”.
5. The word *5@ is used in various meanings i.e. to test, to persecute, to torture etc.
6. The inner universe of human body and soul is a sample of the “big universe”. If a person ponders into them,
he/she will definitely reach at a conclusion that we are accountable for our deeds in front of God.
Ignorance d? &U$ Orbits, lines

' M&4
& 6
Scattering winds c
' $)'
jZ
You seek hastily d? F%

' +1 @$s
1 >$ He is deviated
& ? 1 & Heavy burden (of
clouds)

D#6.'
They sleep d? &+%
$ 31 $ Those who believe by
conjecture
d? &
"#E$ Running c
' $)' $%6
Plural of #4, dawn time )' $41 zy '( Heedlessness, worldly

desires
]{ #$ ,1 S? Dividing (water) c
' $,~sp? &

PX 1 .? NXP$ ? ?. ND$

F?p? ' 1 ? $
FE$ !$ m6 =' .i $ ' #$ G6 ,& 6
$ 'U
$#(1=' ' 1 :
$ F 'T$ $ $>? 6;U$
*D 8? 'E 1 3& 51 ' w
$ $ 1 }?? .d? FYF }6 >$ K? ? ?. 1 3' 1 ?=' & ($"#p? ? .i
{ ,' $ ;{ % 1 +' (' 0y $%? ' ' U1 ? 2?=' Û
?
$#? .1d? &#G? 5&
.{ '$ P{ &L(' & &#"r($$ 1 H $ >$ K
F?.
$ U& & "/=' ' A()$ ? ?. $ 'Z? Y?
F?. .X 'p$ 2X &%$ O 1 ??.$ 3$33$ 1 $ O 1 jG- $ ? ]{ "#$ ' & >&?#$ 1
O 1 ? M$.6 ?}?
;? ' #1 5&' .i $ ' #' % 1 & P{ 1 .? ?=' $56 ' )1 F "/='
F?. .d? F$ #1 ,& 6
$3A? 1 GF M&v6 E$ $,? ? ?. .& '+$ 6
& 'G4 $ 6
$,? .i $ 5'' 1 ,& 6

f1 ' $3' d? ?Y f1 $ $51 #$ E1 }?? .i $ ' #' s
1 ,& 6 '
$ ~()$ $ 51 ' *D $ "s
$ & .i { ' f1 ' ]D )$ $%T' 1 3' 1 ? $
.$ 'zy
<
$
?Z+$ 6
d? F$H$ f$ 'Zj' *D $ $3' $5Y6 #$ >$$ .i $ ,' ' s1 ,& 6
f1 ' O
{ 1 ($ #$ 1 S? $3' $/1 $ $
& $/Z6 E$ }?? .db &5%
1 $ 1 ? #X T' $ ? ?.$ 4' 5'Y6 #& (' j$ @$? .i
{ M'& d{ ?v6 s
& (' d? 1 $ #1 ' ?=' & $56 $ )1 ? m6 '= $& '$
.X '& $ U& $ ~$6
' 1 U& $/Z6 M$5$? & !$ &5&$
1. Prophet Abraham Ps
]-
amazed that these people are greeting in an Islamic way although they are alien.
He feared that they might be angels who are sent to punish the nation of Prophet Lot Ps
]-
. Here the
@M is
omitted to draw full attention on the ³E.
2. “He moved furtively to his family” depicts the hospitality of Prophet Abraham Ps
]-
. He arranged food
for his guest but did not disclose it to them due to his generosity.
3. This depicts the amazement of the wife of Prophet Abraham that how she can give birth to a child while she is old
and infertile. The
@M is omitted in X 'p$ 2X &%$ .
4. This is a style to express arrogance. The
@M is also omitted in d
b &5%
1 $ 1 ? #X T' $.

Arguments, government,
king
d{ ?v6 & Yelling with
amazement
]{ "#
$ Strangers, alien d? &#G? 5&
His shoulder ' 5'Y6 )& She smote O
1 jG
$ He moved furtively Û
?
$)
So we threw him 1 U& $/Z6 M$5$? What’s your matter? 1 GF M&v6 E$ A fat roasted calf i
{ ,' $ ;{ %
1 '
Blamed X '& Clay i
{ ' He felt fear w
$ $ 1 ?
Barren, infertile $ 'p+$ 6
Marked specifically *D $ "s
$ & Fear *D 8? 'E

'$ .' '"#?Y & @1 ? +$ $ jK=' ' 1 ? $ O

1 >$? 0{ 1 `$ f1 ' )& Z? >$ $ .1$ 'p+$ 6
_ $ ~#
1 3' 1 ? $ $56 $ )1 ? m6 =' !{ $ '$
$,? .d? &#qF 5$ 1 U& $ *F p? ' "-
1 3& >1Z? E$ }?? 1 3' ~()$ #' 1 ? f1 $
1@$+$ ? .i
{ T' "@T$
&+"@,$ >$ 1 3& ? ;? '. m6 =' !$ &,?
.i$ p' ' ? D1.?
&/?Y 1 3& "/=' 2 ;F M1 .? f1 ' a { &/ P$ 1 .? $ .f$ '#-
' @$5&
&/?Y $$ P{ $.' f1 '
&?v@$1
$5p6 ? E$ 0{ 1 `$ k;YF f1 ' $ .d? &U' $,6

$ +1 5'? $U$5`1 #$ ? x $ )1 zy
$ .d? &+' &,? "/='$ 3 { 1}?(' $U$51 5$($ 0y $,"s
$
#$ E$ D3?=' ' j
$ $
F+$ % 1 >$ K$ .i X M'& #X 'Z/$ & 51 ' 1 GF ? ~/=' ' j
?='
A#8' ? .d? &#jYZ? >$ 1 GF j+$ ? f' 1 $ 1 2$
.db &5%
1 $ 1 ? #X T' $
F?. jK=' { &)$ f1 ' 1 3' ' M1 .? f1 ' f$ 'Zj
$>? $ $ 'Z? Y? .i X M'& #X 'Z/$ & 51 ' 1 GF ? ~/='
.i
$ 5'' 1 ,& 6
& 8? 5$> $#Y6 kZ
jd'? #1 kYm? $ .P{ F,$ (' O
$ /1? $,? 1 3& 51 $ j$ @$? .d? FS? PX 1 .? 1 U& ;6 ($ ' ('
1 $
$>$?
$ U& $ j
jd=' .d' &,+' v6 & d6 ? & ')F $$ u{ 21 )' f1 ' 1 3& 51 ' & ')F $ .d' &M&+1 $' jK=' w
$ /'
$ "f% ' 6
O & p6 ? E$ $$
;b 1$ ? .d' F% ' +1 @$s
1 $ ? 1 3' ('$41 ? <' &/m? ;? 6 ' 4 D(&/m?
&,? V? f$ 'Zj' jd'? .i & @',$ 6
]' "pF 6
Fm u &
"2"#
.d? &$ & 'Zj

1 3' ' 1 $ f1 '
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj'
1. $ 'p+$ 6
_
$ ~#
means barren and infertile wind which does not carry any water. At another place, it is called ## _).
Arabs didn’t like such winds. Winds carrying water are called _.
.
2. The style to describe the nation of Prophet Noah Ps
]-
is different from those for describing other
nations. The objective of this new style to draw attention towards significance of this incident. The story of Prophet
Noah is common among almost all religions of world including Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
3. The words means hand which is also used as a metaphor for power. In Arabic, common nouns are used to
express the magnificence of something. That’ why is used as a common noun.
4. Use of “Common Noun” rather than a “Proper Noun”, indicates either of two opposite things: (1) To describe the
significance or seriousness of a matter or thing; (2) To express disapproval or insignificance of something. Here, it
indicates the second meaning.
Powerful i
& @',$ 6
Thunderbolt *F p? ' "-
Rotten, decayed ' '"#
Share D(&/m? Spreader d? &U' $,6

They became arrogant
1@$$

T#
f,1T#

s( )v
]F )$ &
#' 41 M$6
$ .[ ' F#1 ,$ 6
' p6 "s
$ .)' &,+1 ,$ 6
O ' 1 M$6
$ .3 ){ &r51 $ u)$ ' .){ Fvs 1 $ 2< { $@Y' $ .1)' v
$
.
D#1$ F $M%' 6
\&s ' >$$ .
D)1$ 0 $,"s
)& &,>$ P$ 1 $ .{ '
$! f1 ' & ? $ .X .'
$? $ ~()$ < $
?Z$ jd=' .)' &%s 1 ,$ 6
)& "5
' Z' U$ .D!$ $ "53$ $ )' $/ ?=' d? A$ & P$ 1 $ .d? &M+$ 6 $ 4 x
{ 1 E$ ' 1 U& f$ 'Zj
.i $ ('kZG? ,& 6 ' Z{ '$ 1 $ ;b 1$ ?
0e
$$
&#M'- 1 >$ K 1 ?
&#M' 1 ? $U1 ?
1
.d? &#- ' M1 >& K 1 @&/1? P1 ?
?ZU$ #X 4
1s ' ? ? .d? &(kZG? >& $3(' 1 @&5FY '@j
.d? F,$ +1 >$ 1 @&5FY $ d? 1 $ %

1 >& $,"/=' 1 GF 1 ? $
1. The History (especially that of the progeny of Prophet Abraham) is presented here as an evidence that the Day of
Judgment will occur. The Mount Sinai, Torah, Ka’aba, drowning Pharaoh in the sea, all these are presented as
evidence. Allah, who punished selected nations in this world, is definitely going to reward or punish people in the
Hereafter.
2. The word <@Y is used as a common noun to express the glorification of Torah.
3. Ancient books especially the religious scriptures were written on parchments as shown in the photo.
4. xE means penetrating or diving into something e.g. 0y ,6
xE (he dived into water). It became an Arabic proverb
À
Ò Pp
xE which means that people engaged in talk deeply and discussed it more and more just as a fun.
Rule of the Day!

In order to express pain or grief, a
is added before and
an
is added at the end of the noun about whom grief is
expressed. For example 1 $$)
(Alas! My head), 1
$$

(Alas! My hand), 1
$' $T
(Alas! Hamid).
)5 u)
It will shiver intensely )& &,>$ Spread, unrolled ){ &r51 $ Mount Sinai )' v
Deep thinking x
{ 1 E$ Inhabited (Ka’aba) )' &,+1 ,$ 6
Written (Torah &
Gospels)
){ Fvs
1 $
They play d? &M+$ 6 $ Overflowing, surging )' &%s
1 $ Parchment to write on u)$

FYF .' '4%

$ 6
<
$
?Z$ 1 3& A()$ 1 U& ?.$ $ 1 3& A()$ 1 U& $> $,'( i $ 3' Y' ? .{ '+/$$ c { "5$ ' i $ p' "@,& 6
jd='
.i
{ ' ){ &4(' 1 U& $51 "2$ $ *{ ? F8-
1 $ ){ #& & ?$ i
$ 'G' "@& .d? F,$ +1 >$ 1 @&5FY $,(' D'5U$
&(#$ `1
$
; YF 0{ 1 `$ f1 ' 1 3' ' ,$ $ f1 ' 1 U& $5@1 ?? $$ 1 3& @$"~)mF 1 3' (' $5p6 4
$ 6? 1 d{ $,1'(' 1 3& @&"~)mF 1 3& @1 +$ M$">
$
&5$ $f'Zj
$
.i
X U' )$ Q $ s $ Y? $,(' ¡
{ #' 1

& Fv$$ .X '}6 >$ K$ $3' X L1 ? K D6}Y? $3' d? &$2$5@$$ .d? &3@$r
1 $ ",' { 4 1 ?$ *{ 3$ Y' ?8(' 1 U& $/!1 $ 1?$
.2 db &5G6 $ X F1 F 1 3& "/}?Y? 1 3& ? db $,6 S' 1 '31 ? $
$/?.$ $ $51 ? $ & j
"f,$ ? .i
$ p' 8' r
1 & $5' U1 ? ' ;F M1 .? "5YF "/='
F?. .d? F0y $s@$$ { +1 ($ ?$ 1 3& & +1 ($ ;? M$.6 ?$
.& T' "#
A#M$6
$ U& & "/=' & &1 /$ ;F M1 .? f1 ' "5YF "/=' .3 P' &,"s
< $
?Z$
.d{ &5%
1 $ K$ f{ U' ?G('
$ ~()$ *' ,$ +1 5'(' O
$ /1? $,? #1 kYZ? ?
.i
$-' ~(#$ @$,& 6
f1 ' 1 GF +$ $ ~/'?
&-"(#$ >$ ;6 .F 4 'd&5,$ 6
Q
$ 1)$ ' (' 7
& "(#$ @$/$ #X ' $` d? FFp$ P1 ?
d? FS? PX 1 .? 1 U& P1 ?
?Z3$ (' 1 3& & 1T? 1 U& &#& }6 >$ P1 ?
.i
$ .' !' $
&/?Y d6 =' ' ' 6 '
{ '4
$ ('
&>}6 $6 ? ?d&5'1 & K ;$( 5 & ?"p? >$ d? FFp$ P1 ?
?dFp'$H6
1 U& P1 ? 0{ 1 `$ #' 1 S? f1 '
Fp' E& P1 ?
(1) It is used as a common noun to express its greatness. (2) “Hidden pearls” is a metaphor for something extremely
elegant and taken care of. (3) P½ means violent hot wind of desert. This wind burns everything when temperature
reaches at 60 C in deserts of Arabia. It is described as a metaphor of The Hell. (4) d5
Q) means “calamities of
time”. There is a proverb d5
3 )
! (They were victims of a disaster). (5) When the u ]! is used in ;+8> <(,
it gives meaning of “fabrication”. The infidels of Makkah tried to deny the Quran by calling it soothsaying, poetry,
fabrication etc. Refutation of this false blame is the main topic of this Surah.
Doubt Q
$ 1)$ Scattered pearls db &5G6 $ X F1 F He protected them 1 U& ?.$
Calamity, vicissitudes of
time
d' &5,$ 6
Simoom, violent hot
wind of a desert
P' &,"s
In a happy manner D'5U$
Their faculties of
reasoning
1 3& & 1T? Soothsayer f{ U' ?Y Women with beautiful
eyes
i
{ ' )T
You fabricated ? "p? >$ We wait with you ' (' 7
& "(#$ @$/$ We neglected them,
We decrease from it
1 U& $5@1 ??

1d? &5.' & K ;$( x

$ )1 zy
$ c
'
$,$ "s

Fp? E$ P1 ?
?d&#v' 1 s
$ ,& 6
1 U& P1 ?
$ ~()$ f& R'
$E$ 1 U& $51 ' P1 ?
.i
{ M'& d{ ?v6 s
& (' 1 3& +& ,' @$s
1 & c
' }6 $6 ? 2 '' d? &+,' @$s
1 $ X j& 1 3& ? P1 ?
?d&5M$6
1 GF ?$ c
& $5M$6
& ? P1 ?
Face the Challenge! What is ;-85 #1,: ?dFp? 6 & P{ #$ L1 $ f1 ' 1 3& ?
D#1? 1 3& F}?s
1 >$ P1 ?
and where it is used?
?d&M@&G6 $ 1 3& ? Q
& 1 L$ 6
1 U& $ 51 ' P1 ?
.d? &'G,$ 6
1 U&
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj? D
1Y? d? &'#& P1 ?
.d? FY#' r
1 & ",$ ' j
d? $4M1 & 'j
#& 1 S? X ?=' 13& ? P1 ?
' ' 'Zj
1 3& $ 1 $
F.& "@T$ 1 U& )1 Z? ? .3 PX FY#1 $ < X $4$
FFp$ Dv'.$ 0' $,"s
f1 ' D81sY'
1#$ $ d6 ='$
$ 'm? d? &! D(
?Z$
&,? V? f$ 'Zj' jd='$ .d? &#- $ 5& 1 U& K$ D1`$ 1 U& & 1 Y? 1 3& 51 $ '5L1 & K P$ 1 $ .d? Fp+$ - 1 &
f1 ' $ .P& Fp>$ i
$ T' $ ~()$ ' ,1 4
$ (' _
1 ~M$ $ 4 $55'&1 }?('
$ "/'?
$ ~()$ ' G6 4
& ' #1 M'
1
$ .d? &,? +1 $ K 1 U& #$ ?Y6 ? "fG' ?$
5 .P' &%A5
)$ $(!1 ='$ & 4
1 ~Ms
$ ? ;' 1 j
1. The “<
Z+(” “]#E(” +8 is omitted because it is understood.
2. The infidels have no clear proof for their denial. In order to expose the weakness of their view, a question is
raised: “Do they have a staircase on which they climb to hear the talk of Allah?” It is a reproach to soothsayers who
claimed to get information of heavens by utilizing Jinn in their control.
3. The infidels are so committed to their infidelity that they will deny even they see a part of sky going to fall upon
them. They will consider it a piece of cloud.
4. It is expression of love of Allah for His Prophet. It means: “Don’t worry! You are in Our protection.”
5. This is the time of dawn when the stars return to their condition that was before arrival of night. It is an eloquent
way to express the cycle of day and night.

They will be hit by a
thunderbolt
d? Fp+$ -
1 & Being part D81sY' Those who control d? &#v' 1 s
$ &
In Our eyes $55'&1 }?(' Clouds <
X $4$ Ladder, elevator X j&
Return, turning back,
after
)$ $(!1 =' Accumulated PX FY#1 $ Penalty P{ #$ L1 $

T#
f,1T#

s( %5
]F )$ &
.$T& X T1 $ jK=' $ U& d6 =' .$3$ 6
f1 $ & v' 51 $ $$ .$S? $$ 1 GF M&T' $ j;: $ $ .1$U$
?m=' ' % 1 "5
$
f' 1 $ 1 .? <
$ ?. d? ?G? .3 j$ @$? $/!$ "F .?1 zy
' F z '( $ U& $ .$@$1 ? 2 ]{ "#' Fm .$pF 6
& '`$ & ,$ j$
& )$ 1 p? ?$ $#$ $ ?$ & /$&)$,@&? ? .?)$ $ !&
$8F 6
<$ Z? Y? $ .$T1 ? $ ' ' M1 $ ?=' $T1 }?? .$/!1 ? 1 ?
Û?
$2 $ .$rL1 $ $ ]? )$ 1 ~s
$rL1 $ m6 =' .$}6 ,$ 6
*F "5$ $U$ 51 ' 4 .$3@$51 ,& 6
]' )$ 1 ' $ 51 ' .$#E1 F *D ?1 /$
.$#M1 GF 6
' ~()$ c
' $ f1 ' ?)$ 1 p? ? .$L? $$ #& -
$ M$6
.$ ': *b ,$ s
1 .'
Dm'=
$ 6 >' ?/z
& ?$ #& Y? jZ
1 GF ?? 5 $#E1 z
*? ?'j
]? $5$ $ "+& 6
$ c $ j
1 @&1?#$ ? ?
$$ "fjq
jK=' d? &+M'"@$ d6 =' d{ ?v6 & f1 ' $3(' & j
?$ /? $ 1 YF & $( $ 1 @&/1? $U&,@&1 ",$ 0e $,1 ? jK=' $ U' d6 ='
.?z
$ ]F #$ E'
' j' ? ."5,$ >$ $ d' $s/'' P1 ? .$3& 6
1 3' ~()$ f1 ' 1 U& 0y $ 1 p? ?$ w & 8F /1zy
$31 >$
1. The stars are presented as an evidence that people have illusions in starlight. When stars disappear and day starts,
everything becomes clear and illusions go away. Same is the case of Allah’s Prophet who clarifies the path of truth.
It is refutation of the blame of the infidels that Prophet Muhammad
is a soothsayer who predicts based
on astrology.
2. It describes the intellectual and moral strength of Gabriel who taught Allah’s Prophet.
3. Coming near indicates the care and solicitude to deliver the Quran to the Prophet.
4. This is the last point where our universe ends. After that, other universes start.
5. In Arab mythology, Laat, U’zza & Manat were three major goddesses. This question is asked as a criticism on
polytheists.

The tree at the last
end of the heavens
$3@$51 ,& 6
]' )$ 1 ' He became stable $@$1 ? It comes down, it
disappears
$U$
Division *b ,$ s
1 .' He came near $/!$ He was misguided $S?
Unfair $': He hanged j$ >$ Personal desire $3$ 6
You named it $U&,@&1 ",$ Distance of two bows f' 1 $ 1 .? <

$ ?. Mighty & powerful $pF 6
& '`$
You question, you argue d? &)$,>& Powerful & honest ]{ "#' Fm

0 $r$ f1 ,$ ' & j

d? m? }6 $ d6 ? ' +1 ($ f1 ' jK=' D1`$ 1 3& @&$ ?8`$ '5L1 >& K c '
$$,"s
' 1 { ? $ f1 ' 1 Y? $
d6 =' { 6 ' f1 ' ' (' 1 3& ? $$ .?/1z
*? $,' s
1 >$ *? G? R'$,6
d? A,s $ &? ]' #$ E' '( d? &5' 1 & K f$ 'Zj
jd=' 2 .$:#1 $$
.D1`$ ~4
$ 6
f1 ' '5L1 & K "fjq
jd='$ "fjq
jK=' d? &+'M"@$
$ U& $ "()$ jd=' ' 6 +' 6
f1 ' 1 3& L& ? M1 $ $ '?m .$/1A
]? $4 $ 6
jK=' !1 #' & 1 ?$ $/#' Y6 m' f1 $ j$ >$ f1 $ f1 $ x 1 #' 1 }??
$ ' %
1 $' x ' )1 zy
' $$ c '
$,$ "s
' $ 'j'$ .$@$U1
f1 ,$ (' & ? 1 ? $ U& $ ' ' 'M$ f1 $ j;: $ f1 ,$ (' & ? 1 ?
©$ T'
$8? 6
$ ' 6'
#$ R'$MY? d? &M5'@$% 1 $ f$ 'Zj
.$5s 14 & 6'(
5&s $ T1 ? f$ 'Zj
$ ' %1 $$
F,' $ $,('
0$? f$ 'Zj
' *b "5' ? 1 @&/1? m6 ='$ x

' )1 zy
f1 ' 1 YF }?r $ /? m6 =' 1 GF (' & ? 1 ? $ U& N']#$ 8' L1 ,$ 6
& '
$ $"()$ jd=' 3 N$,$ j
jK='
.?p">
f1 ,$ (' & ? 1 ? $ U& 1 GF s $ 8F /?
Y$ >& ? 1 GF >'$3"F d' Fv(&
' $,(' }6 "M5$& 1 ? P1 ? $#$ $ 3& ? Q
' 1 L$ 6
& 6 ' & $ 51 ' ? $Y6 ?$ D '.? ?v1 ?$ j$ >$ 4'Zj
O
$ 1?#$ ? ?
j$ 'Zj
$ 'U
$#(1='$ $&
' 4
& &
1. The word Y is not only used as a question. It also indicates amazement.
2. This is refutation of false belief of infidels who thought that their gods and goddesses will protect them in the
Hereafter. The Quran clearly describes that every person will be rewarded / punished on merit. In order to glorify
His special slaves, He will allow them to intercede for specific persons. All that intercession will be in control of
Allah and nobody will be able to intercede for those who committed sins based on the belief that some protector will
protect him/her.
3. Lamam means “temporary stay”. This word is used to describe that a person indulges in a sin temporarily but
repents immediately after he/she recognizes that he/she has committed a sin.
4. The word Z
is used to depict a character. It may / may not necessarily means a specific person. It shows the
character of infidels who denied the Prophet.
Do you know? In the mythology of Pre-Islamic Arabia, angels were considered the daughters of God.
Similarly, Laat, U’zza and Manat were also considered the daughters of God. Arabs always wanted only
sons for themselves. Some Arabs used to even burry their daughters alive. There is an eloquent indication
of their arrogance and ignorance in these verses that they dislike daughters for themselves and associate
daughters to Allah. God is free from sons and daughters. For human beings, daughters are a great blessing
of Allah like sons.
He became a miser $Y6 ? Small offences or sins $ ,$ j

So turn away your face x
1 #' 1 }??
He is not informed }6 "M5$& 1 ? He grew you 1 YF }?r
$ /? He turned his face
away
j$ >$
He was loyal, he fulfilled
his words
j$ Embryos, plural of i5 *b "5' ? They did bad
0$?

"F .$#& $ 1 $ & $+1 $ jd?$ .....$+$ $ jK=' d' $s/'' w $ 1 ? d6 ?$ .....$#E1 F )$ 21 ' ]b )$ 2'
$ )& ' >$ jK?
$ U& & "/?$ .....?G(1?$ $ 4 $:1 ? $ U& & "/?$ .....$3@$51 ,& 6

$ ~()$ ?=' jd?$ .....?1 zy
0y
$% $ 6
&
$%
1 &
]? }?r
1 "5
' 1 ? $ jd?$ ....$5,1 >&
?m=' *{ 8? v6 /& f1 ' ....?/1z
$ #$ Y? jZ
f' 1 $ 1 "
$ ? E$ & "/?$ .....$T1 ?$ c $ $?
.?z

D!$ $ ? U1 ? & "/?$ .....1 $#+1 ~r
A<)$ $ U& & "/?$ .....$5.6 ?$ $5S6 ? $ U& & "/?$ .....$#E1 z
$U"rL$ ? .$U1 ? *? G? 8' >$1 ,& 6

$ .$L6 ?$ $ ? V6 ? 1 U&
&/?Y 1 3& "/=' ;F M1 .? f1 ' {a&/ P$ 1 .? $ .?p(1? $,? 2 !$ &,?$
.$)$,@$>$ $ ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? ....."rS? $

' '4
$ 6

?ZU$ f1 ,' ? ? .*b 8? `' ?Y ' j
d' &! f1 ' $3? w
$ 1 ? .*F ? 2'
O
1 ? 2' ? .?z
)' ZF A5
f1 ' 3 #X 'Z/$
?ZU$
!!!
&M&1
$ ' j'
&% & 1 ? !!!d? &' $ 1 @&/1?$ !!!d? FGM1 >$ K$ d? FG4 $ 1 >$$ ?d&M% $ +1 >$
1. Arabs used to consider “Sirius Star” as the one which brings prosperity especially during spring. Their poetry
includes references to it.
2. Thamud are called “The Second A’ad” because they were from the remnants of earlier A’ad. They built amazing
houses in rocks which are still remaining near Al-U’la, a town of Northern Saudi Arabia.
3. It was a common practice in Arabia that when a person used to get some information about a danger like military
expedition of enemy, he used to climb on a hill and warn his tribe about that danger. He was called #Z/ or “Warner”.
The Prophet and the Quran is also a #Z/ because they warned about the real danger of the Hereafter.
Rule of the Day! Sometimes, a pronoun is placed between ³E

@M in order to emphasize on the
@M
e.g. ;
b & )$
ZU (This is a man), by entering a pronoun, it will become ;F & #$
&U
ZU (This is the man).
Similarly d ? &4' 86 &
$ '?1 F (They are successful people) will become d? &4' 86 ,& 6
1 U&
$ '?1 F (These are the one
who are successful). Similarly, X 'q$ 2X 1 ?
$ 'm? (That is a great success), will become & 'q+$ 6
2& 1 8? 6
$ U&
$ 'm?
(That is the great success). It is called ;-8
\,:.
He smote them "rS? It was ejaculated $5,1 >& He will carry a burden )& ' >$
You argue, you doubt $)$,@$>$ He gave property $5.6 ? He attempted $+$
It came near O
1 ? 2' ? Sirius star (an assumed
god of Arab pagans)
$#+1 ~r
Perfect, complete ?1 zy
That which uncovers *b 8? `' ?Y Overthrown cities

(Sodom & Gomorrah)
*? G? 8' >$1 ,& 6
End $3@$51 ,& 6
Those who are careless

about a disaster
d? &' $ He threw $U1 ? He caused to laugh
$ 4
$:
1 ?

T#
f,1T#

s( #,p
]F )$ &

&+M$">
$
&(jZY? $ .1#,' @$s 1 & #X 41 '
FFp$$
&:#' +1 & *D $
1$#$ d6 ='$ .#& ,$ p? 6
"r $ /1
$ *F $ "s
O 1 ($#$ @$.6
.)& ZF A5
f' L1 >& $,? *b L$ '$( *b ,$ G6 T' .#X $ !$ 1 & ' ' $ 0' $M/1zy
f1 ' 1 U& 0y $ 1 p? ?$ .#p' @$s
1 & #{ 1 ? ; YF $ 1 U& 0y
$U1 ?
1 3& "/}?Y? ¢'
$1 zy
f1 ' d? &#& H 1 $ 1 U& )& $-(1 ? D+"rE& .#{ GF /& 0{ 1 `$ ?=' '
"
[ & 1 $ P$ 1 $ 1 3& 51 $ j$ @$?
.#X s
' $ PX 1 $
?ZU$ d? &#' ?G6
F Fp$ '
"
?'= i $ +' v' 31 & .#X r' @$5& !X
$#$
.#1 -' @$/1? < X FL1 $ ~/? & "()$ $$ ? .#$ ' !& 21
$ 1 db &5% 1 $
F?.$ $/$ M1 $
&(jZG? ? a { &/ P& 1 .? 1 3& ? M1 .? O
1 ($jZY?
& $56 ,$ T$ $ .)$ ' .F 1 .? #{ 1 ? ?$ 0 $,6
?p@$6? D/&& x$ )1 zy
$/#1 "%? $ .#{ ,' 3$ 51 & 0{ $,(' 0' $,"s
<$
$(1? $54 1 @$8? ?
{#Y' "& f1 ' ;6 3$ ? *D $ $U$5Y6 #$ >$ 1 p? ?$ .#$ 8' YF d? ?Y f1 ,$ ' 0|
$$ $55'&1 }?(' '#% 1 >$ .#{ & !& $ a
{
$6? c '
?m ?$
{#Y' "& f1 ' ;6 3$ ? 3 #' Y6 kZ' d? #1 pF 6
$/#1 "s$ 1 p? ?$ 2 ')ZF /&$ '(
?Z$ d? ?Y $ 1 G? ?
.#,' @$s
1 & w { 4 1 /$ P' 1 $ '
D#$#1 $ D41)' 1 3' 1 ? $ $56 $ )1 ? "/=' ')ZF /&$ '(
?Z$ d? ?Y $ 1 G? ? !X $ O 1 ($jZY?
;6 3$ ? #' Y6 kZ' d? #1 pF 6
$/#1 "s$ 1 p? ?$ ')ZF /&$ '(
?Z$ d? ?Y $ 1 G? ? .#{ +' p? 51 & ;{ H
1 /$ 2& $%1 ? 1 3& "/}?Y?
$ "5
[ & ' 51 >$
$ p' 6& ? .#{ +& & $ { $: 8' ?
Dm'= "/=' & +& M'"@/$
D'T
$ "5'
D#$r($?
F?p? .)' ZF A5'( !& &,? O 1 ($jZY? {#Y' "& f1 '
.#& `' zy
< &
jZG? 6
f1 $
D?S d? &,? +1 $$ .#X `' ? < X
jZY? $ U& ;6 ($ $55'1 ($ f1 ' ' 1 ? $ #& Y6 kZ
1. Here the
@M is deleted in order to draw the full attention of the audience to the #$ME
$.
2. The actual word is ')ZF /& but the is deleted in order to keep the rhyme. It is common in Arabic poetry & prose.
3. \s> means preparation. The word #Ym is used in its broad sense which includes reminder, admonition etc.

Nails (Noah’s ark prepared
by planks and nails)
#{ & !& Graves ¢
'
$1 zy
It split "r
$ /1
Violent wind
D#$#1
$ Locust !X
$#$ Running, ingenious #,' @$s
1 &
Misfortune w
{ 4
1 /$ Those who rush hastily i
$ +' v' 31 & Warning, deterrent #X $ !$ 1 &
Plural of #Z/,
Trunks 2& $%1 ? Hard #X s
' $ admonitions
)& ZF A5
Concave, hollowed out #{ +' p? 51 & He was warned or

reproached
#$ ' !& 21
Terrible, disliked
event
#{ GF /&
Madness #{ +& & Pouring out #{ ,' 3$ 51 & In a fearful state D+"rE&

.#X $ @$41 & <{ #1 `' ; YF 1 3& 5$1 ($ *b ,$ s 1 .' 0y $,6

jd? 1 3& 6 ~M/$$ .#1 M'v?
1
$ 1 3& M1 p' >$)1 ? 1 3& ? *D 5$@1 ' *' .? "5
F' #1 & "/='
]D $ T'
$ *D 4
$ 1
$ 1 3' 1 ? $ $56 $ )1 ? "/=' .)' ZF /&$ '(
?Z$ d? ?Y $ 1 G? ? .#$ p? +$ ? 1 ?$+@$? 1 3& M$T' $
1!$ $5?
.#{ Y' "& f1 ' ;6 3$ ? #' Y6 kZ' d? #1 pF 6
$/#1 "s$ 1 p? ?$ .2 #' q' @$4 1 ,& 6
' 'r3$ Y?
&/?G?
$/' 51 ' f1 ' *D ,$ +1 /' .#{ 4
$s$ (' 1 U& 5$1 "%/$
{ F ? jK=' DM'$T 1 3' 1 ? $ $56 $ )1 ? "/=' .)' ZF A5'( { F P& 1 .? O 1 ($jZY?
$5s1 ,$ v? ? ' 8' 1 :
$ f1 $ & &!$
$) 1 p? ?$ .)' ZF A5'(
1)$ $,@$? $5@$r
$ v6 ($ 1 U& )$ Z? /? 1 ?p?$ .#$ G? `$ f1 $ '% 1 /$ $ 'Z? Y?
1 p? ?$ .)' ZF /&$ '(
?Z$
F.FZ? .#p' @$s 1 & <
X
?Z$ ]D #$ G6 (& 1 3& 4 $ "M$ 1 p? ?$ .)' ZF /&$ '(
?Z$
F.FZ? 3 1 3& 5$&1 ?
.#{ Y' "& f1 ' ;6 3$ ? #' Y6 kZ' d? #1 pF 6
$/#1 "s$
f1 ' #X 1 E$ 1 YF )& j8YF ? .){ ' @$p6 & { '$ Z? E1 ? 1 U& $/Z6 E$ }?? $3kYF $5>'$¥'(
&(jZY? .)& ZF A5
d? 1 $ #1 ' ? 0y $ 1 p? ?$
.#$ (&A
d? $ &$ & ,1 % $ 6
P& $ 31 &$ X#-' @$51 & X ',$ f& 4 1 /$ d? FFp$ P1 ? '#(&A
' ]b 0y
$#($ 1 GF ? P1 ? 1 GF '?1 F
)' "5
' d? &M4 $s 1 & P$ 1 $ .#{ +& & $ { $: ' i $ ' #' %
1 ,& 6
jd=' .A#$ ?$ $U!1 ? *F $ "s
$ 1 U& & ' 1 $ *F $ "s
;6 ($
.#' -
$ M$6'( _
{ ,1 ? Y? ]b $ T'
$ jK=' $/#& 1 ? $$ .){ $ p? (' & $5p6 ? E$ 0{ 1 `$ j;YF "/=' .#$ p? $ "w$
F.Fm 1 3' U' && ?$
.#X v? @$s
1 & \{ M'Y? $ \{ L' $ ; YF $ .#' (&A
' & F+$ ? 0{ 1 `$ ; YF $ {#Y' "& f1 ' ;6 3$ ? 1 GF $ $`1 ? $5G6 ? 1U? 1 p? ?$
.){ ' @$p6 &
{ '$ $ 51 ' u { 1
' ' +$ p6 $ ' .#{ 3$ /$$ c
{ "5$ ' i $ p' "@,& 6
jd='
1. +> means doing something by standing on toes. It depicts his level of involvement in killing the camel.
2. #q@¾ means the boundary made of straw or chaff to protect animals or food.
3. Closing eyes may not necessarily means closing them physically. It means that they were so overwhelmed by
their lust that they became blind intellectually and did not think about God’s punishment.
The most grievous $U!1 ? They tried to convince

him
& &!$
$) So wait for them 1 3& M1 p' >$)1 ?
The most bitter A#$ ? So we closed (their eyes) $5s
1 ,$ v? ? Be patient #1 M'v?
1
They will be dragged d? &M4

$s
1 & Powerful )'@$p6 & Present #X
$ @$4
1 &
Hellfire #$ p? $ Acquittal ]b 0y
$#($ So he took the
responsibility
?$+@$?
Many groups like you,
plural of *+` 1 GF $ $`1 ? Divine Scriptures #' (&A
Trampled ' 'rU$
King
{ '$ Soon it will be defeated P& $ 31 &$ Straw, chaff #' q' @$4
1 ,& 6

T#
f,1T#

s( f,1T#
]F )$ &
1 #& %
$ "r
$ & % 1 "5
$ .d{ $Ms14 & (' #& ,$ p? 6
$ w
& ,1 "r
.d? $M$6
& ,$ j$ .d? $s/'
$ ? E$ .d? #1 pF 6
$ j$ .f& ,$ T1 "#
K$ µ 's 1 p' 6'( d? 21 $ 6

&,'.?$ .d'
$',6
'
1L$ v6 >$ jK? .d?
$',6
$ : $ $ $ $3+$ ? )$ 0y $,"s
$ .d'
$% &s 1 $
.d?
$',6

&#s'H 1 >&
~}?M'? .dF $41"#
$
' -
1 +$ 6
Fm AQ4
$ 6
$ .P' $,Y6 zy
c
&
?m ;F H
1 "5
$ *b 3$ Y' ? $3' .P' $/Ä
y ' $3+$ :$ $ x $ )1 zy
$
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .){ $/ f1 ' J
{ )' $ f1 ' jd$%6
$ ? E$ $ .)' "H8? 6?Y { $-6
$ f1 ' d? $s/'
$ ? E$
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .f' 1 ($#' L1 ,$ 6
A<)$ $ f' 1 .? #' r
1 ,$ 6
A<)$
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d' $L' M1 $ K ^
X 2$ #1 ($ $,3& 5$1 ($ .d' $p' @$6 $ f' 1#$ 4
1 M$6
J
$ #$ $
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .dF $#1 ,$ 6
$ & F1
$,3& 51 ' J
& #& H
1 $
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .P' 1zy ?Y #' 4
1 M$6
' c
& ¥$r5&,6
')
$%
$ 6
& ?$
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .P'
$#Y6 '
$ ' $%6
Fm
$ ~()$ & 1 $ ?pM1 $$ .d{ ? $31 ? $ f1 $ ; YF
1. The relation between trees and stars is that when a person looks at the earth, it is covered by trees. When he/she
looks at the sky, it is covered by stars. Description of both portrays that everything of the earth and the heavens is
submitted to God.
They cross limits d' $L' M1 $ Scented herbs, flowers dF $41"#

Art of expression d? $M$6
Coral, a kind of pearls dF $#1 ,$ 6

Signs, blessings, wonders 0' K Computed courses d{ $Ms
1 T&
Ships (also girls) ')
$%
$ 6
Sounding clay { $-6
$ Balance, scale d?
$',6
Floating c
& ¥$r5&,6
Pottery )' "H8? 6
That you don’t tamper
1L$ v6 >$ jK?
Mountains P' 1zy
Jinn jd$%6
Creatures P' $/zy
Destroyable X /' N{d? Smokeless J

{ )' $ Sheeted clusters P' $,Y6 zy
Barrier ^
X 2$ #1 ($ Husk
' -
1 +$ 6

.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d{ }6 `$ ' $ U& P{ 1 $ j;YF x
' )1 zy
$ c
'
$,$ "s
' f1 $ & F}?s
1 $
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d' ?pj
$3A? 1 GF ? Û
F #& 86 5$$
d? FZ8F 5$> K
FZ8F /? x
' )1 zy
$ c
'
$,$ "s
)' ?v.6 ? f1 '
FZ8F 5$> d6 ? 1 @&+1 v? @$1
d6 =' w
' /'
$ ~f%' 6
#$ r
$ +1 $ $
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d{ ?v6 s
& (' jK='
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d'
#$ -
' @$5$> ?
X $4/&$ ){ $/ f1 ' á
b
$`& $,GF 1 ?$ ;F $ #1 &
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d' $U~?Y ]D !$ )1 $ O
1 /$?G? 0 $,"s
O
1 jpr
$ /

?m'?
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d́$ K$ w
X /'= ' M'/1m? f1 $ F }?s
1 & K Z{ '$ 1 $?
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .P'
$.6 zy
$ '
$"5'( ZF E$ 1 &? 1 U& $,'s(' d? &#' %
1 ,& 6

& #$ +1 &
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d{ { ',T$ f$ 1 ($$ $35$1 ($ d? FFv$ .d? &#' %
1 ,& 6
$3(' <
& kZG? & '@j
& "53$ $ ' Z' $U
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d' $@"5$ ' ~()$ P$ ?p$
$ $E f1 ,$ '$
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d{ $56 ? $>
$m?
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .1 d' $#' %
1 >$ d' $51 $ $,3' '
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d' $1 2$ *{ 3$ Y' ? k;YF f1 ' $,3' '
1. In order to understand the beauty of this Surah, it is essential to conceptualize the geography of Arabian
Peninsula. The land is barren having little greenery. There is no river. For Arabs, lush-green gardens having springs
and rivers meant extreme beauty. Even present-day Arabs visit regularly to green areas to spend their vacation. A
person having a lush-green garden is a symbol of his wealth and social status to Arabs.
Human beings w
X /'= Melted copper / brass
X $4/& We’ll soon fix a time Û
F #& 86 5$$
By their face 1 U& $,'s(' Blessings, signs 0' K Two weights (Jinn &
Human beings)
d' ?pj
Boiling water d{ { ',T$ Rose, pink ]D !$ )1 $ You go into d? FZ8F 5$>

With lush green branches d{ $56 ? $>
$m? Skin, leather d' $U~
Flame, blaze á
b
$`&

.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d{

$! f' 1 @$"5%
$ 6
$5$ $ u
{ #$ M1 @$1 =' f1 ' $35&R'?v($
{ #& F ?$ i
$ 'G' "@&
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d́$ K$ 1 3& ? M1 .? w
X /1=' "f3& 6 ,' v6 $ 1 ?
' #1 jv
c
&
$#
' ?. "f3' '
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .dF $#1 ,$ 6
$ c
& F.$6
"f3& "/}?Y?
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? Fd$sT1 '
jK=' d' $sT1 '
0
$$ ;6 U$
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d' $@"$U1 & .d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d' $@"5$ $,3' /'&! f1 ' $
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d' $@E$ "/$ d' $51 $ $,3' '
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .db ")& $ ;b H
1 /$$ *b 3$ Y' ? $,3' '
Face the Challenge!
Identify five situations
which a noun is <-5?
in
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .db $sT' c
X
$#1 E$ "f3' '
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .1 P' $H
' 6
' c
X
$)&-p6 $ )X &T
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d́$ K$ 1 3& ? M1 .? w
X /'= "f3& 6 ,' v6 $ 1 ?
.d' $(kZG? >& $,GF ~()$ 0' K ~}?M'? .d{ $sT' #' p? M1 $ $ #{
1 E&
{ #$ 6 )$ ?$ i
$ 'G' "@&
.P'
$#Y6 '
$ ' $%6
'm
$ ~()$ & 1
$ )$ $M>$
1. Camping in a beautiful garden with family is the extreme way of amusement and entertainment for an Arab. Tents
were one of the most important object of Arab lifestyle. Even present-day Arabs spend their weekend-night in tents
with their families. It is their barbeque night. They drink camel milk purchased from local Bedouins. Their children
play in open desert. Husband and wife spend their night in the tent.
Two gushing out springs d' $@E$ "/$ Bashful wives

' #1 jv
c
&
$#
' ?. Its interior $35&R'?v($
Beautiful db $sT' He did not touch them
for sex
"f3& 6 ,' v6 $ Î Brocade, silk u
{ #$ M1 @$1 ='
Tents, plural of *,$E P' $H
' 6
Rubies c
& F.$6
It has fruits $5$
Pillows
{ #$ 6 )$ Two lush green gardens d' $@"$U1 & Close d{
$!
Extremely nice #' p? M1 $

T#
f,1T#

s( *+.

]F )$ &
O
1 "s(&$ .D)$ x & )1 zy
O 1 ")&
?m=' .2 *b +$ '
$) *b $ ' $E .*b ($m' ?Y $3@'+$ .6 $ ' w
$ 1 ? .1 *F +$ .'
$6
O1 +$ .? $
?m='
'*5$,$ 1 ,$ 6
<
& $4
1 ? $ *' 5$,$ 1 ,$ 6
<
& $4
1 }?? .3 *D ?? D
$21 ? 1 @&5FY$ .D¨M$51 & 0| $MU$ O
1 /$?G? .Ds($ F $M% ' 6
4 '*, $ ?r
1 ,$ 6
<& $4 1 ? $ *' ,$ ?r
1 ,$ 6
<& $4 1 ?$
.f$ '#E'
f1 ' ;b '.? $ .i $ '"zy
f1 ' *b jF .' '+"5
c' "5$ ' .d? &("#p? ,& 6
$ '?1 F .d? Fp('"s
d? Fp('"s
$
$ ')$(?$ < {
$Y6 }?(' .d? &jH $ & db
$6' 1 3' 1 ? $
& Fv$ .i $ ' ('?p@$& $31 ? $ 5 i
$ 'G' "@& .*{ /$&:1 $ ){ #& & ?$
.d? &3@$r 1 $ ",' #{ 1 ? ' 4
1 ?$ .d? &#"H$ @$$ ",' *{ 3$ Y' ?$ .d? F' 51 & K$ $351 $ d? &"- $ & K .i { +' $ f1 ' { }6 Y? $
.D,'}6 >$ K$
D1L? $3' d? &+,$ s 1 $ K .d? F,$ +1 $
&/?Y $,(' 0|
$$ .d' &5G6 ,$ 6
' F1
' ?1 }?Y? .i X ' )X &T$
.D$ D$ D '. jK='
1. If an incident of future is confirmed, it is described in past tense to express its inevitability.
2. The Hereafter will be lowering the criminals and raising the God-fearing people.
3. People will be divided into three groups: (1) Those who were leaders in piety. (2) Righteous people. (3) Leftists
who were bad in character.
4. A question is asked to seek information. In figurative sense, it is asked to glorify or humiliate a person. In the first
question, it glories the righteous people while in the second question, it humiliates the people of left hand.
5. This picture depicts that their lifestyle will be like kings in the Paradise.
Utensils $ ')$(? Left hand side *' ,$ ?r

1 ,$ 6
One that lowers *b
$ ' $E
Spring i
{ +' $ Those at front
(Leaders)
d? Fp('"s
It was shaken O
1 ")&
It causes headache d? &"-
$ & Group *b jF It was crumbled O
1 "s(&
It intoxicates d? F' 51 & Jeweled *{ /$&:1 $ Dust 0| $MU$
They choose d? &#"H
$ @$$ Boys, children db
$6' Scattered D¨M$51 &
Hidden d' &5G6 ,$ 6
Eternal d? &jH
$ & Right hand side *' 5$,$ 1 ,$ 6

0{ $$ .!{ &,1 $ ;V' $ .1 !{ &51 $ _ { 6 ? $ .!{ &H 1 $ ){ 1 ' ' .i ' ,' $6
<
& $41 ? $ i ' ,' $6
<
& $4 1 ?$
.0| $r/'= "fU& $/}6 r
$ /? "/=' .*{ $ F#1 $ { #& F $ .*{ $ &5,1 $ K$ *{ $ Fvp6 $ K .]{ \ $ 'Y? *{ 3$ Y' ?$ .< { FGs 1 $
.f$ '#E'
f1 ' *b jF$ .i$ '"zy
f1 ' *b jF .i
' ,' $6
<
' $41 zy .D(
$#>1? D(&#& .
D)?G(1? "fU& $56 +$ %
$ ?
.t{ #' Y? K$ !{ )' $( K .P{ &,4 1 $ f1 ' ;V' $ .{ ',T$ $ P{ &,$ ' .' $,~r
< & $4 1 ? $ ' $,~r
< & $4 1 ?$
"5YF $ $5@1 '
?ZR'? d? FFp$
&/?Y$ .' 'q+$ 6
' 5'46
?$ d? A#- ' &
&/?Y$ .i $ ' #$ @1 & $ 'm? ;? M1 .?
&/?Y 1 3& "/='
?=' d? &&,% 1 ,$ ? .f$ '#E'
$ i $ '"zy
jd=' ;6 .F ?dF"zy
$/& $( 1 ? ?dF&+M1 ,$ ? "5R'? D?q' $ D(
$#>&
$351 ' d? F'$,? .P{ .2$ f1 ' #{ % $ `$ f1 ' d? FY' .d? &(kZG? ,& 6
d? "
$3A? 1 GF "/=' "F .P{ F+1 $ P{ 1 $ c ' ?p'
.f' ~
P$ 1 $ 1 3& F& /&
?ZU$ .2 ' '36
<$ #1 `& d? &()' $r? .' ',4
$ 6
f1 ' ' 1 ? $ d? &()' $r? .d? FvM&6
$/)1 ".? f& 4

1 /$ ?dFp'$H6
f& 4 1 /$ P1 ? & /$FpF H1 >$ 1 @&/1?? ?d&5,1 >& $ 1@&1?#$ ? ? .d? F.~- $ >& K1? ? 1 YF $5p6 ? E$ f& 4 1 /$
1 p? ?$ .d? &,? +1 >$ K $ ' 1 GF ?r ' 51 /&$ 1 GF ??1 ? ? ~M$&/ d6 ? ?$ .i $ .' &Ms1 ,$ (' f& 4 1 /$ $$ c $ 1 ,$ 6
1 GF 5$1 ($
1 ? ?d&)'
"
f& 4 1 /$ P1 ? & /$&)$ 1 >$ 1 @&/1?? ?dF#& 4 1 >$ $ 1@&1?#$ ? ? .d? &#jYZ$> K1? ? ?z
]? }?r 1 "5
1 @&,1 ' $
'Zj
0y $,6
1 @&1?#$ ? ? .d? &&#4 1 $ f& 4 1 /$ ;6 ($ .d? &#$ L1 ,& ? "/=' .d? &3jG8? >$ 1 @&6 ? q? ? D?vT& & $56 +$ % $ ? 0 $r/$
.d? &#GF r
1 >$ K1? ? D$F & $56 +$ $ 0 $r/$ 1 ? .d? F' 51 ,& 6
f& 4 1 /$ P1 ? d' 1 ,& 6
f1 ' & &,@&6$ /? 1 @&/1?? .d? &(#$ r
1 >$
(1) Clusters of bananas depict their beauty. (2) à
is a decease of camels. The deceased camel drinks water but his
thirst is not quenched. Such camel is described as a metaphor for the condition of people in agonies of the Hellfire.
Creation ]? }?r
1 "5
People who ignore
Hereafter due to wealth
i
$ ' #$ @1 & Thornless lote trees !{ &H
1 $ ){ 1 '
You sow (seeds) d? F#& 4
1 >$ They insist d? A#-
' & Clusters of bananas !{ &51 $ _
{ 6 ?
Chaff, straw D?vT& Sin, oath breaking
' 5'46
Running, flowing <
{ FGs
1 $
You lament, express
grief
d? &3jG8? >$ Those who fill d? F'$ Virgin
D)?G(1?
Those who are
penalized
d? &#$ L1 & Bellies, plural of fv( d? FvM&6
Having the best
feminine attributes
D(&#&
Clouds d' 1 ,& 6
You ejaculate d? &5,1 >& Age fellow wives D(
$#>1?
Bitter D$F Helpless, lagged i
$ .' &Ms
1 $ Pitch black smoke P{ &,4
1 $

D$@$ $ ]D #$ Y' Z6 >$ $U$56 +$ $ f& 4

1 /$ .d? Fr
' 5&,6
f& 4
1 /$ P1 ? $3>$#$ %
$ `$ 1 >&}6 r
$ /? 1 @&/1 ?? .d? &)&> '@j
)$ "5
1 @&1?#$ ? ?
.' 'q+$ 6
$ ~()$ ' 1 '( _
1 ~Ms
$ ? .f$ 'p6 ,& 6 '
K .d{ &5G6 $ < { $@Y' ' .tX #' Y? db #1 pF ? & "/=' .X 'q$ d? &,? +1 >$ 1 ? X s
$ p? ? & "/='$ .P' &%A5
' .'
$,$ (' & s
' .6 F 1 ?
1 GF .? 21 )' d? F+$ %
1 >$$ ?d&5U' 1 & 1 @&/1 ?
' '4
$ 6

?Z3$ M'? ? .i
$ ,' ?$+6
~<)$ f1 ' ;b '51 >$ .d? &#"3v? ,& 6
jK=' & As,$ $
.d? &(kZG? >& 1 GF "/?
.d? &#-
' M1 >& K f1 G' ?$ 1 GF 51 ' ' 1 ?=' <
& #$ .6 ? &f4
1 /$$ .d? &#qF 5$> Z{ '5$'T 1 @&/1?$ .P$ Fp6 4
& 6
2 O 1 L$ ? ($
?m=' K1? ?
3$i.' !
' $ 1 @&5FY d6 =' $3/$&+' #1 >$ .i $ 5''$ #$ 1 S? 1 @&5FY d6 =' K1? ?
PX $s? .i' ,' $6
< ' $4 1 ? f1 ' d? ?Y d6 =' "?$ .{ '+/$ *F "5$ $ db $41)$ $ a
X 1 #$ ? .i
$ ('"#p? ,& 6
f1 ' d? ?Y d6 =' "}??
.{ '4$ *F $' -
1 >$$ .{ ',T$ f1 ' b & 5&? .i
$ k"
i $ ('kZG? ,& 6
f1 ' d? ?Y d6 =' "?$ .i ' ,' $6
< ' $4 1 ? f1 '
$ ?
.' 'q+$ 6
$ ~()$ ' 1 '( _
1 ~Ms$ ? .i' p' $6
AT$ $ 3& ?
?ZU$ jd='
1. This “no” is a denial of the views of infidels who used to consider the Quran as revelation of Jinn. The Quran has
vowed the shooting stars which were fired on Jinn who tried to listen something in the heavens. It was a special
arrangement of God to maintain the integrity of the Quran.
2. The subject a) w8/ of O

1 L$ ? ($ is omitted due to its perceptibility.
3. This is a questions presented as arguments. The meaning is: If you think that you don’t oblige for anything
provided to you by your Lord, then why do you not stop the death of a dying person? Is it possible for you to remain
alive without a blessing of your God? If it is not possible, then you are obliged to your Lord for each moment of
your life.
Do you know? The linguistic style or genre of the Quran is neither poetry nor prose. Allah Almighty has
adopted a unique style which contains elements of both poetry and prose. There is no example of that
genre in works of human beings. We can say that the genre of “sermon” is the nearest to the Quran. Each
Surah of the Quran is a sermon which has a central theme. All verses are related to that central theme in
one or another way. Relevant issues, question-answers, and arguments are described around the central
theme.
Ease, comfort a
X 1 )$ Throat P$ Fp6 4
& 6
You kindle (fire) d? &)&>
Welcoming b & /& Obliged, indebted, under
control
i
$ 5''$ Desert travelers f$ 'p6 ,& 6
Throwing *F $' -
1 >$ Those who scorn and
ignore arrogantly
d? &5U' 1 &

& 6 '

This is the last lesson of Arabic Grammar. We’ll describe the Never break four things: trust,
summary of 45
in this lesson. relation, promise and heart.
# NQ-/ N) :<
#=
You are aware that the nouns are assumed to be in three cases: Subjective ), Objective Q-/, and
Possessive #. By default, all nouns are in their ). The following types of nouns are [#.
1. Subject or = $5s&
@M
2. Predicate or $5s& #$ME
$
3. The Subject (;) in a *+ *,&
4. The Assistant-Subject (; QR/) or +8 in a &3%$ ;+
Two type of nouns are )&#%

1 $ .
1. The noun coming after a # #T. It is called )&#%
1 $ .
2. A in a ':= QY#
Twelve type of nouns are <&-5$.

1. A ( +8 +8 in a *+ *,& e.g. *D $)' Q$@Y?
2. The noun denoting time or place of a task i.e. +8 #V e.g. D & M&+$ X $2 N')' &3VF 0y
$)$ ¦($@Y' Z? M$/$

¦)$3/'
3. The noun describing the condition of a +8 ;, i.e. T e.g. ¦'#$ O ' $M
' $ U&
4. The noun describing the reason of a task i.e. +8 *b j ' e.g. D$E OX Y' $ X $2
5. The noun providing details of a item or an aspect of the situation i.e. ,$> e.g. N
¦#,& P' ?p
F $ 6 X $2

D s$ ;b $) O& $#@$`
6. The )- used to describe the intensity of a task i.e. v +8 )- e.g. ¦(#$:
¦#,$ X $2 <
$ #$:
7. The
@M coming in a *,1
*,& after 3&>
E jd= e.g. #X '.? 0{ 1 `$ k;YF ?$ $ j
jd='
8. The #$ME coming in a *,1
*,& after 3&>
E d ? ?Y e.g. D,'GT$ D,'$ & j
d? ?Y
9. The word coming in a *,1
*,& after K e.g. O ' $M
' ;? & )$ K
10. The word coming in an exceptional sentence after K̈= e.g.
¦$2 K̈= #X :$T P& ?p
11. The noun coming after a

/ #T i.e. !5 e.g. #{ G($( $ etc.
12. The #$ME
@M coming after a verb performed by human mind i.e. $ ' $ N?)$ N?ZH">
N$Qs
' T$ N®f$ V? etc. For
example *D ,$ R'¥?. *? $ s
f
& VF (I think that the Hereafter is going to occur).

& 6 '
There are certain additional rules about the <

#=.
• If the noun is '5M, its <

#= are only assumed. They will not appear on the word e.g. N
?ZU$ Q
$ @$Y? Nb;& )$
Z$U

Z$3'. In these three sentences, a ÅM word
ZU is in three different forms but the forms are not appearing.
• If the noun is <$#+& and singular, its <
#= will be denoted by ]#sY N*4@ N*,: on the last letter of the
word e.g. { $2 ¼= N
¦$2 X ' $T <
$ #$ :
$ Nb;& )$ X$2. In these three sentences, a <#+ word X 2 is in three
different forms and its <
#= are appearing in form of ]#sY N*4@ N*,:.
• If the noun is <$#+& and *5>, its <

#= will be denoted by f Nf Nd
at the end of the word e.g. N'd&)$ $,U&
f' 1 ? & )$ ¼= N'f1 ? & )$ X ' $T <
$ #$ :
$ . In these three sentences, a <#+ word d&)$ is in three different forms and
its <
#= are appearing accordingly.
• If the noun is <$#+& and $,$ , its <

#= will be denoted by f Nf Nd at the end of the word e.g. &U
f$ 1 5'' ¼= N$f1 5'' &
#$ -
$ /$ N?d&5' &.
• If the noun is <$#+& but #-5 \S, its # Q-/ will be the same e.g. #$ ,$ & ¼= N$#,$ & X ' $T <
$ #$ :
$ Nb;& )$ #& ,$ & .
The <
#= of Verbs
In verbs, the <
#= are used only with the [) ;+ which has three <
#=:
• Normal <
#= e.g. N$f6 +$ 8$> N'd$+8$> N$f1 ' +$ 8$> N?dF+$ 86 >$ N'd$+8$> NF;+$ 8$> N$f6 +$ 8$ N'd$+8$> NF;+$ 8$> N?d$+8$ N'd+8$ NF;+68
;F +$ 86 /$ NF;+$ etc.
• Q-/ e.g. d6 N1' +$ 8>$ d6 N
F+$ 86 >$ d6 N$+8$> d6 N?;+$ 8$> d6 N$f6 +$ 8$ d6 N$+8$> d6 N?;+$ 8$> d6 N
$+8$ d6 N+8$ d6 N?;+68$ d6
;? +$ 86 /$ d6 N?;+$ d6 N$f6 +$ 8$> d6 N$+8$> etc. The <
#= on two feminine verbs f$ 6 +$ 8$> N$f6 +$ 8$ is assumed because
they are not changeable.
• P$ e.g. 1 ? N1' +$ 8$> 1 ? N
F+$ 86 >$ 1 ? N$+8$> 1 ? N6;+$ 8$> 1 ? N$f6 +$ 8$ 1 ? N$+8$> 1 ? N6;+$ 8$> 1 ? N
$+8$ 1 ? N+8$ 1 ? N6;+68$ 1 ?
;6 +$ 86 /$ 1 ? N6;+$ 1 ? N$f6 +$ 8$> 1 ? N$+8$> etc. The <
#= on two feminine verbs f$ 6 +$ 8$> N$f6 +$ 8$ is assumed because
they are not changeable.
• Certain words *F " NA N,F$T N$,8?Y N,3 Nd N$@ Nf$ N N6d= give P to [) if it is in response of a
condition or an I # e.g. 1 ' s
1 >$ O
1 GF F (Be silent, you will be safe) etc.

& 6 '
Test Yourself (1)

Describe the <
#= of the nouns and the verbs highlighted in colors and the reason of that <
#=.
-8> <
#= '(#

@M .[# : & ,1 4
$ 6
i
$ ,' ?$+6
~<)$ ' j' & ,1 4
$ 6
P' 1 $
' '$ ' 'T"#
f' ,$ T1 "#
i
$ ,' ?$+6
~<)$ ' j' & ,1 4
$ 6
f' ~
$ 'p@$s ?
$#~-
$/' U1
1 ,& 6

1 3' +' ,1 $ ?$ $ 1 3' ('F.F ?$ & j
$ @$E$
)$ "5

Fp">?
F+$ 86 >$ f1 ?$
F+$ 86 >$ 1 ? d6 '?
]D #$ 31 $ $ j
$#/$ "@T$
$ ? f$ ' 1 /& f1 ? $& $
{ T'
$ P{ $+? ?$ #$ M'-
1 /$ f1 ?
]D !$ &+1 $ D"? jK=' )& "5
$5"s,$ >$ f1 ?
]' #$ E' '( $/1A
]? $4
$ 6

1#$ @$`1
? ?G'$ ;? '#M1 ' $ ' ' & )& $ ' @'G? R'$$ ' j'
D& $ d? ?Y f1 $
f$ '#' ?G6 ' & $ $ j
jd'?
1 3& +$ $ $,' u
X ~-
$ & ' j
' 51 ' f1 ' b &)$ 1 U& 0y $
' >'$ '> "T$ & /$F@1 $ <
$ $@G' 6
1 U& $51 >$ f$ 'Zj
D5'
D?($
?ZU$ ;6 +$ 1
~<)$ & 'U
$#(1=' ? ?.
]? "-

&?.?$ ' j
<
$ $@Y' d? F@1 $ f$ 'Zj

D)F8/& jK=' 1 U& !$
$2 $ #X 'Z/$ 1 U& 0y $ ",? ?
d? &3Y' ? ;{ L& `& ' P$ 1 $6
*' "5%
$ 6
<
$ $4
1 ? jd='

& 6 '
Use of
As we have discussed that

is used to convert a common noun to a proper noun. It is a synonym of the
English word “The”. It is called “Alif Laam” or simply “Laam”. The rules of using it are different from that
of English. The detail is as follows:
• ~' )$H6
' 31 +$
P& K: It is used to specify a person who is well-known to the speaker as well the audience
e.g. #& 1 ' z
0y $ (The governor came). Both the speaker and the audience know that which “governor” is
under discussion. It is also common in English and ‘the’ is placed.
• '5U'Z6
' 31 +$
P& K: It is used to specify a person who is known to the speaker only but unknown to the
audience e.g. #& 1 ' z
0y $ (A governor came). Here, there is a possibility that only the speaker knows about
the governor but the audience is unaware about it. It is not used in English. In English, you’ll say “A
governor came”.
• w
' 51 %
' 6
P& K: It is used to describe a category. Each member of that category is not under discussion e.g. "/='
*{ 8? v6 /& f1 ' d? $s/'
$5p6 ? E$ (Definitely, We created man from a sperm). Here the entire category of “man” or
“human being” is under discussion. In English, the is not used in such cases.
• u
$#L'@K
P& K: It is used to describe a category but each member of that category is under discussion e.g.
c
' $4'"-

F,' $ $
&5$ f$ 'Zj
jK=' #{ s&E '8? d? $s/
d̈= (Definitely, all human beings are in the state of loss,
except those who believed and did good deeds). Here each person in the entire category of “man” or
“human being” is under discussion. Therefore, exception is possible in such cases. In English, the word
“all” is added in such case. Note: The difference between the w
' 51 %
' 6
P& K and the u
$#L'@K
P& K is that in the
former, entire category is under discussion but each member of that category is not under discussion. In
the later, each member of that category is under discussion.
• ]F $ R'
$
P& K: Sometimes, an
is used with certain names which has no meanings e.g. NFd@sYM
N&"M+$
& 5'36
In English, it is also used e.g. Alexander the great. Usually, an
is used with the name of countries
but it is rarely used with the names of cities. Exceptionally, it is used with the names of cities e.g. *F 5$',
$ 6
The reason is that *5$ means any city but *5$,6

means “The City of the Prophet”. It is also used with
]$#U' ?p
. There is no rule about using an ]R

PK. It is used according to the speech of native people.
Worth Reading
What is ostentation and what is its impact on the personality of a person? What will be the impact of
ostentation on the Deeds Account of a person in the real life i.e. Hereafter? Read in English.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0002-Ostentation.htm

& 6 '
Test Yourself (2)

Describe the type of each
for the words mentioned in the red color.
s. English '(#

u
#L@K
PK All praises are for Allah, Who is the Lord
of all worlds.
i
$ ,' ?$+6
~<)$ ' j' & ,1 4
$ 6
The Owner of the Day of Judgment f' ~

P' 1 $
' '$
That Book, there is no doubt in it ' ' Q
$ 1)$ K <
& $@G' 6

$ 'm?
They are the ones who bought deviation for
guidance
$3& 6(' *? ?"

1#$ @$`1
f$ 'Zj

$ '?1 F
So He brought out fruits as a sustenance for
you
1 GF ? D.12)' c
'
$#,$ j
f1 ' ' (' J
$ #$ E1 }??
He is the One Who created whatever in the
Earth for you
D+',$ x
' )1 zy
' $ 1 GF ? $ ? E$ 'Zj
$ U&
O Adam! Stay you and your wife in the
garden
*? "5%
$ 6

$ & 1 2$ $ O
$ /1? f1 GF 1
P& !$ $
They (Pharaoh & his followers) were giving
you the worst punishment
'
?Z+$ 6
0y & 1 GF /$&&s$
<
When We promised Moses for 40 nights, 1 >&Z6 H
$ ">
"F *D ? 1 ? i
$ +' ($)1 ? $& $/1 $
$ m6 ='$
then you made the calf (as your god) after
that ' ' +1 ($ f1 ' ;? %
1 +' 6
We shadowed upon you with “the clouds” 1 GF 1 ? $ $56$ /?$ P$ $,L$ 6

1 GF 1 ? $ $56 jV? $
and sent down “The Manna” and “The
Salva” on you $6 "s
$ "f,$ 6
Surely those who believed and those who

are Jews and Christians
$)$-"5
$
&!$U f$ 'Zj
$
&5$ f$ 'Zj
jd='
Then your hearts became hard after that, so $ 3' ?

$ 'm? ' +1 ($ f1 ' 1 GF (&F.F O 1 s $ .? "F
they are like stones ]' )$ $%4' 6Y?
They said: The Hellfire will not touch us
except for a few days
]D !$ &+1 $ D"? jK=' )& "5
$5"s,$ >$ f1 ?
F?.$
We gave the clear signs to the Jesus Ibn
Marry
c
' $5~M$6
$ $#1 $ f$ (1
$s' $51 >$ $
When We took a covenant with you and
raised “The Mount Sinai” over you
)$ v
1 GF .? 1 ? $5+1 ? )$ $ 1 GF .? ?' $/Z6 E$ ? m6 ='$

& 6 '
Types of Sentences
You’ve already studied that the sentences basically belong to two categories i.e. *+ *,1
*?,&. There is
another classification of sentences i.e. *F "R$r/1 = *"#' M$E$ *?,&. *"#' M$E$ *?,& is the descriptive sentence which can
be true or false. On the other hand, *F "R$r/1 = *?,& is a sentence which cannot be true or false. It has several
types that include:
]?-

&,1 .' ? :#z •
1 >& K :3$/ •
' '( 1 #' r
& ? 31 & ;6 U$ :P$38'@
•
d? Fp' ?86
P& 1 p? 6
jK='
Face the Challenge!
$ 1 ? $ :5,$ >$ •
d? &,? +1 $ '1 .? O
Describe the reasons of adding an
to a noun.
DM'#.? dF FG>$ *? $ "s
j;+$ ? :"#$ >$ •
& "5
$3A? $ :
'/ •

1 +$ 6
$ :s. •
#' -
1 ? $ :QA%+$ > •
)' "5
?$ 1 U& #$ M$
(These sentences are used to make agreements) & 4?G/ N&O$#@$`
N&O+'( :!Fp& •
O

$@$U1
1 p? ? ' (' 1 @&5$ $ ;' 6 ',('
&5$ d6 '? :#` •

:&! •
Rule of the Day!
If you are using an ])`
1
with a phrase in order to make a phrase (not
sentence), the ])`
1
is brought after the = )r e.g.
Z$U ' ')$@
<
& $@Y'
(This book of history). If you’ll use the ])`
1
before its = )r, it will
become a *,1
*,& e.g. ' )@
<
& $@Y'
ZU (This is a book of history).
Similarly
Z$U '($@Y
' means “My this book” while '($@Y'
ZU means “This is my
book”. Therefore, while translating, always check the position of ])`
1
.
Worth Reading
What is backbiting? What is its impact on a society? Read in detail:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0003-Backbiting.htm

& 6 '
Test Yourself (3)

Describe the type of each sentence.
s. '(#
i
$ ,' ?$+6
~<)$ ' j' & ,1 4
$ 6
$ 'p@$s
1 ,& 6

?
$#~-
$/' U1
x
' )1 zy
'
&s
' 86 >& K
1 3& 51 $ $ 8F +1 $ d6 ? & j
$s$
1 GF (1kZ+$ & }6 r
$ $ d6 =' 1 ? 1 GF ,1 T$ #1 $ }6 r
$ $ d6 ='
' 1 "
f1 '
& '8>$ 1 3& 5$&1 ? $#>$ ' &"#
?=' ? ' /F $
&+,' $
?m='$

D$T? ~(#$ (' 1 #' `1 F 1 ? '5@$1 ? $
c
' $M~jv
f1 '
FYF !;F & A#
$3A? $
1 GF ('&5& ?$ $
D!&+.F $ D$.' $ j

&#YF m6 ?

D!
$/? ' j'
F+$ %
1 >$ ?
]? "-
1 @&1
$ .?
?m'?
D+1,$ ' (' f$ v6 $ $ ? D+6p/$ ' (' d? #1 ?}?? D41M
& c
'
$\L' ,& 6 ? DT1.? c
' $)' &,6 ? D41M:
$ c
' $!' $+6
$
d? Fp'$H6
f& 4
1 /$ P1 ? & /$FpF H
1 >$ 1 @&/1??
1 GF 5''! '
FL1 >$ K <
' $@G' 6
;? U1 ? $
$ ? E$ 'Zj

$ ~()$ ' 1 '( 6#$ .6
d? Fp' +1 >$ 1 GF j+$ ?

d{ &5%
1 ,$ ('
$ ~()$ *' ,$ +1 5'(' O
$ /1? $
i
$ ' #$ G6 ,& 6
$ 'U
$#(1='
' 1 :
$
F 'T$ $ $>? ;6 U$
b &)$ jK=' $ $#1 $ f& (1
_
& 's,$ 6
$

& 6 '
Use of an Arabic Dictionary

Arabic dictionaries are usually different from the dictionaries of other languages. A few tips are available for
you to use Arabic dictionaries.
• Determine whether the word you want to look for is a $@r& . If it is , (i.e. not derived from
another word), search the dictionary in alphabetical order to find the meaning. Remove
before
searching a word. If you are using a computer-based dictionary, simply type the word and you’ll get the
meanings.
• If the word is a @r, determine the source letters or ]! of that word. You’ve already learnt the
procedure of determining the source letters. The dictionaries are usually arranged in the sequence of
source letters and they provide the meaning of respective )-. After getting the meaning, transform
them according to the respective verb or noun according to the rules mentioned at Level 3 and 4.
• If you are using Sakhr Electronic Dictionary, it is better to enter the QRS#YZ T
of [) ;+. The
benefit will be that the dictionary will tell you the meaning of that word in !#9 and different
chapters of whose [) ;+ is similar to that of !#9 like ;+8> N+= etc.
!#%& , also see in the dictionary to which chapter it belongs so that you can
• If the word belongs to
make its [) : correctly. The symbols of chapters are provided in the dictionaries.
• If the word belongs to , see the meaning of its )- under the respective chapter because a
set of source letters or ]! has different meanings in !#%& and different chapters of .
• If you are using Al-Mawrid Arabic-English Dictionary, directly search the word like English dictionaries
without determining its ]! because it is not designed according to ]!.
• The dictionary (

'5sÀ
># ,4,' p
#U
f #+
J> and )q5 f(K <#+
ds
p# are arranged by ]!.
• It is possible that a word of old Arabic may not be available in modern dictionaries. In that case, you have
to consult old dictionaries. <#+
ds #+
J> are dictionaries of Middle Ages.
Do you know?
The Quran picked some commonly used words of Arabic and made them a ‘term’. For
example, the word ] means prayer. The Quran specified it to the rituals performed as
obligatory or non-obligatory prayers. Similarly, the word ]Y2 means growth or
purification. The Quran specified it to the obligatory charity. The word P means
‘abstaining from’. The Quran specified it to fasting.

Lesson 15B: Surat ul Hadeed to Surah Tahreem

In this lesson, we shall continue our study of the Holy Quran. If you judge people, you’ll not have
The Surahs mentioned in the Lesson 14B & 15B are structured enough time to love them. Love
in a way that they give a complete message. It is your
humanity, judge yourself
assignment to discover the structure of this part of the Quran.
T#
f,1T#

s( À
]F )$ &
' 4 1 & x' )1 zy
$ c '
$,$ "s
& 6 & & ? .& 'G4 $ 6
& '+$ 6
$ U& $ x ' )1 zy
$ c '
$,$ "s
' $ ' j' _ $ "M$
$ U& .X '$ 0{ 1 `$ k;GF (' $ U& $ f& ' $M6
$ #& U' jq
$ #& E'
$ F "zy
$ U& .#X '.? 0{ 1 `$ k;YF ?$ $ U& $ O & ',&$
$ $ x' )1 zy
' ² & ' $ $ & ? +1 $
' #1 +$ 6
?$ $@$1
"F P{ "? *' "@' ' x $ )1 zy
$ c'
$,$ "s
$ ? $E 'Zj
.\X- ' ($ d? F,$ +1 >$ $,(' & j

$ 1 @&51 YF $ f$ 1? 1 GF +$ $ $ U& $ $3' J
& #& +1 $ $$ 0' $,"s
f1 ' F ' 51 $ $$ $351 ' J
& #& H
1 $
;' 1 j
' )$ $3"5
² & '&$ )' $3"5
' ;? 1 j
² & '& .)& &z
& $ #1 >& ' j
?='$ x ' )1 zy
$ c '
$,$ "s
&6 & & ?
.)' &A-
c '
?Z(' X '$ $ U& $
#X 1 ? 1 3& ?
Fp8? /1?$ 1 GF 51 '
&5$ f$ 'Zj? ' ' 1i $ 8' ? H
1 @$s
1 & 1 GF ? +$ $ ",'
Fp8' /1?$ ' '&)$ $ ' j'(
&5'
1 @&51 YF d6 =' 1 GF .? ?' Z? E$ ? 1 .? $ 1 GF ~(#$ ('
&5' 1 @&' 1 YF &1 $ F &"#
$ ' j'( d? &5' 1 >& K 1GF ? $$ .\ X M'Y?
1 GF (' $ j
jd='$ )' A5
?=' c ' $,F q
f1 ' 1 GF $ #' H 1 &' c{ $5~($ c{ $ ' ' M1 $ ?$ F ~5$& 'Zj
$ U& .i $ 5'' 1 &
.x' )1 zy
$ c '
$,$ "s
¢ F
\ $ ' ' j'$ ' j
;' 'M$ '
Fp8' 51 >& jK? 1 GF ? $$ .X 'T)$ X 0#$ ?
& +1 ($ f1 '
Fp8? /1? f$ 'Zj
f1 ' *D $ )$ !$ & q? 1 ?
$ '?1 F ;? >$?.$ 2_
' @1 8? 6
;' M1 .? f1 ' $ 8? /1? f1 $ 1 GF 51 ' '@$1s$ K
.\
X M'E$ d? F,$ +1 >$ $,(' & j
$ $5s 14 & 6
& j
$ $ $ ãYF $
F>$?.$
1. Allah has appointed the man as His viceroy on the earth and His blessings and gave him power to decide.
2. The Muslims who converted to Islam before the conquest of Makkah (8H/630CE) had to face a lot of physical,
mental and financial difficulties.
Those who are appointed as
viceroy, those who inherit
i
$ 8' ? H
1 @$s
1 & It goes up J
& #& +1 $ The Evident #& U' jq
Inheritance ¢
F
$\' He enters/causes to
penetrate
²
& '& The Immanent f& ' $M6
Before the conquest of Makkah _

' @1 8? 6
;' M1 .? It enters/penetrates ²
& ' $

c
' $5' 1 ,& 6
$ i
$ 5'' 1 ,& 6
$#>$ P$ 1 $ .tX #' Y? #X 1 ? & ?$ & ? & 8? ' $&? 1 D5$sT$ D:1#.? $ j
x & #' p6 & 'Zj

?m f1 $
$3' f$ ' '$E )& $3/1zy
$3@'41 >$ f1 ' '#% 1 >$ cX "5$ $P1 $6
1 YF
$#r 1 (& 1 3' /'$,1}?('$ 1 3' '1? f$ 1 ($ 1 U& )& &/ $+s1 $
.& 'q+$ 6
2& 1 8? 6
$ U&
$ 'm?
1 YF 0y
$)$
&+' )1
;? '. 1 YF )' &/ f1 ' w 1 M'@$p6 /$ $/&#qF /1

5&$ f$ 'Zj' c & ?p' $5,& 6
$ d? Fp' $5,& 6
FFp$ P$ 1 $
1 3& /$&!$5& .<&
?Z+$ 6
' ' M$.' f1 ' & #& U' ?V$ *F ,$ T1 "#
' ' & 5&' $( <
X $( & ? ){ &s(' 1 3& 5$1 ($ < $ #'
& ?
D)&/
&s,' @$6?
#& 1 ? 0y $ "@T$ A/'$zy
1 GF >1"#S? $ 1 @&M1 >$)1
$ 1 @&-1 "(#$ >$$ 1 GF s$ 8F /1? 1 @&51 @$? 1 GF "5G' ?$ ?($
F?. 1 GF +$ $ 1fGF /$ 1 ??
$ U' )& "5
1 YF
$}6 $
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
f1 ' K$ *b $1 ' 1 GF 51 ' ZF E$ 1 & K $P1 $6? .)& &#L$ 6
' j'( 1 YF "#S? $ ' j
.\&-' ,$ 6
w$ 6 ('$ 1 YF K1$

&>F f$ 'Zj?Y
&/FG$ K$ ~4 $ 6
f1 ' ? $ /$ $$ 1' j
#' Y6 Z' ' 1 3& (&F.F $ r
$H 1 >$ d6 ?
&5$ f$ 'Zj' d' }6 $ 1 ??
' 4 1 & $ j
jd?
&,? 1
.d? Fp' ? 1 3& 51 ' \ X 'Y? $ 1 3& (&F .F O
1 s $ p? ? & $ zy
1 3' 1 ? $ ? ?v? ;F M1 .? f1 ' < $ $@G' 6
$ j

&:#$ .6 ?$ c
' ?.~"-,& 6
$ i $ .' ~"-,& 6
jd=' .d? Fp' +1 >$ 1 GF j+$ ? c
' $
1 GF ? "5"($ 1 .? $3>'1 $ $ +1 ($ x $ )1 zy
d? Fp~~-
1 U& $ '?1 F ' ' & )& $ ' j'(
&5$ f$ 'Zj
$ .tX #' Y? #X 1 ? 1 3& ?$ 1 3& ? & $ $& D5$sT$ D:1#.?
.' '4% $ 6
< & $4 1 ? $ '?1 F $5>'$¥'(
&(jZY? $
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
$ 1 U& )& &/$ 1 U& #& 1 ? 1 3& ? 1 3' ~()$ $ 51 ' 0
$3$ Ar
$
;' ?,$ Y? !' K1zy
$ '
$1 zy
' #X F?G>$$ 1 GF 5$1 ($ #X E& ?8>$$ *b 5$'2$ X 31 ?$ Q X +' ? $/1A
]F $4$ 6
$,"/?
&,? 1
X '`$ < X
?Z$ ]' #$ E'
'$ D?vT& dF FG$ "F
D#8? - 1 & &
$#@$? ²& '3$ "F & >&$M/$ )$ j8GF 6
Q $ % $ 1 ?
{ 1 S?
*{ "5$ $ 1 GF ~()$ f1 ' ]{ #$ 8' L1 $ ?='
Fp('$ .)' &#L& 6
[ & $@$ jK=' $/1A
]F $4
$ 6
$$ db
$: 1 )' $ ' j
f1 ' b]#$ 8' L1 $ $
0 $r$ f1 $ ' '>1 & ' j
;F 1 ?
$ 'm? ' ' & )& $ ' j'(
&5$ f$ 'Zj' c 1 "' F x' )1 zy
$ 0' $,"s
x ' #1 +$ Y? $3:& #1 $
1. The objective of both of these questions is to instigate, not to ask a question. . ' 'q+$ 6
;'
1 8? 6
Fm & j
$
Compete in having more #X F?G>$ False hopes A/'$zy

We get benefit w
1 M'@$p6 /$
Rain
{ 1 S? Time period & $ zy
Wall ){ &
It withers, it matures ²
& '3$ It became hard O
1 s
$ .? You suspected 1 @&M1 >$)1
So you see it yellow

D#8? -
1 & &
$#@$? Boasting with proud #X E& ?8>$ It deceived you 1 GF >1"#S?

?$ $ 'm? jd=' $U?#$ M1 /$ d6 ? ;' M1 .? f1 ' <

{ $@Y' ' jK=' 1 GF s ' 8F /1? ' K$ x ' )1 zy
' *{ M$'-& f1 ' < $ $? $
.1){ &H? { $@H
1 & j;YF AQ4 ' & K & j
$ 1 YF >$ $,('
&T#$ 86 >$ K$ 1 GF >$? $ ?$
1$ }6 >$ 1G? ' .\ Xs ' $ ' j
.& ',4 $ 6
A5'L$ 6
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1. This is a negative style and the expression is soft but it carries very hard meaning i.e. Allah dislikes all arrogant
boasters.
Face the Challenge! Can you feel the style of expression and content under discussion in the Surahs
being studied in the previous lesson and this one? What the are the differences in the style of expression
and the content under discussion in the Surahs being studied in the both lessons?
Monasticism, austerity *D "/'$MU1 )$ Justice µ

' s
1 p' 6
We bring it into
existence
$U?#$ M1 /$
They invented it $U&$ @$(1
Progeny of both of
them
$,3' @'"~)mF You regret, you
become frustrated

1$ }6 >$
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another
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1. “Zihaar” means declaring that my wife is my mother. The Quran condemned this practice in Arab society.
2. The Hypocrites & Jews of Madinah used to twist their tongues while greeting the Prophet to say some words
having wrong meanings.
They were subdued

&@M'YF False
D)&2 Pleading, debating *' ?!$ $%,& 6
Disgracing i
X 3' & Manumission (of
slave)
#& '#4
1 >$ She complains 'G@$r
1 >$
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talk
$%
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each other
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He gave as war spoils
without fighting
0y ?? They ruin d? &(#' H
1 & Gathering (an banishing) #' r
14
$ 6
You moved 1 @&86 $ 1 ? So take lesson

&#M'@$1 ? You thought 1 @&51 5$V?
Horses & camels <
{ ?Y)' $ ;{ 1 E$ Exile 0y $%6
Protection *$+/'$
He gives authority over µ
F ks
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against

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$ Z? .?
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1 )' So that He disgraces
$ ' H
1 &' Fear, dread, horror Q
$ 1 A#

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1. Here a verb is omitted due to its perceptibility. The complete sentence is: “They made Madina their home and
established their faith.
2. The love and sacrifice of Ansaar is described for the Migrants. Since the spoils of Banu Nadhir were not obtained
as a result of war, it was decided to give them to the needy people of Migrants and Ansaar instead of warriors.
3. Here, the question is ask to express astonishment on the attitude of hypocrites.
Fortified *{ 5$"-4
$ & Greediness "_`& They lived, they made
home

0"M$>$
Walls, plural of )
' ){ & & Grudge ãS' They sacrifice d? &#'1 &
Divided, different "@`$ They adopted
hypocrisy

Fp? $/ Poverty *b
$ $-E$
Curse ? $($ Fear *D M$U1 )$ He is preserved u
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1. This is an allegory describing the exaltedness of the Quran. This allegory describes the extent of seriousness
required in the matter of the Quran.
2. Describing various attributes without a conjunction expresses that all these attributes are available at one time.
3. These three attributes describe different stages of creation. Á
Who designs, ¡)M
Who brings into existence and
)-
Who gives the final shape.
Do you know?
There was a tribe of Jews at Madinah called “Banu Nadhir”. They had a peace
treaty with the Muslims but they violated it many times. The Prophet and his
companions decided to fight against them but they themselves offered an exile
without fighting. This offer was accepted by the Prophet. This Surah indicates
that incident.
Guardian f& ,' 1 3$ ,& 6

Holy, Free from error
& ApF 6
For tomorrow { L$ '
Almighty #& ~MG? @$,& 6
Giver of peace P& "s
Successful d? &R'?86
Evolver ¡
& )' $M6
Granter of security f& ' 1 ,& 6
Cracking, splitting D~-
$ @$&
Modeler, Who gives
shape
)& ~-
$ ,& 6

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Fvs' p6 >&$ 1 U& A#M$>$ d6 ? 1 YF )' $!' f1 ' 1 YF &#' H 1 & 1 ?$ f' ~
' 1 YF F>'?p& 1 ? f$ 'Zj
f1 $ & j
1 FY$351 $ K
f1 ' 1 YF &#$ E1 ?$ f' ~
' 1 YF F>$?. f$ 'Zj
f1 $ & j
1 YF $315$ $,"/=' .i $ v' s' p6 ,& 6
AQ4
' & $ j
jd=' 1 3' 1 ?='
.d? &,'jq
1 U& $ '?1 }F? 1 3& j$ @$$ f1 $ $ 1 U& 1 j$ >$ d6 ? 1 GF '
$#E1 =' ?$
&#U$ ?V$ 1 YF )' $!'
1. This Surah was revealed at a time when some Muslims kept secret relations with the pagans of Makkah who were
enemies of Islam. Allah has reproached them to avoid such relations. He has encouraged them to keep good relations
with those Non-Muslims who are not enemies of Islam.

You treat them in a
good manner
1 U& A#M$>$ They dominate you 1 YF F8p? 6 $ Examination, test *' 5$4
' @$,&,6
You treat justly

Fvs
' p6 >& Free from 0 #$ (& Love, friendship ]' "!$ ,$ 6
They make a group

against

&#U$ ?V He forbids you 1 YF $351 $ My pleasure '>$:#1 $

"fU& &,@&,1 ' $ d6 '? "f3' /'$o'(' & ? 1 ? & j

"fU& &54
' @$1 ? {c
$#' $3& c& $5' 1 ,& 6
1 YF 0y $
?m='
&5$ f$ 'Zj
$3A? $
K$
Fp8? /? $ 1 U& &> $ "f3& ? d? 4 ' $ 1 U& K$ 1 3& ? ;´ T' "fU& K )' j8GF 6
?=' "fU& &+' #1 >$ ? c { $5' 1 &
1 @&p6 8? /? $
F}?1
$ #' '
$G? 6
' - $ +' ('
FGs ' ,1 >& K$ "fU& )$ & F "fU& &,@&1 >$
?m=' "fU& &4G' 5$> d6 ? 1 GF 1 ?$ a $ $5&
f1 ' 0e 1 `$ 1 GF >$? d6 ='$ .X 'GT$ X '$ & j
$ 1 GF 5$1 ($ & GF 4 1 $ ' j
& G6 T& 1 GF 'm?
Fp8? /? $
F}?s 1 $6$
1 @&/1? 'Zj
$ j

Fp">
$ 1
Fp8? /? $ ;? 6 ' 1 3& &
$21 ? O 1 M$U$ m? f$ 'Zj

&>¥? 1 @&M1 .? $+? )' j8GF 6
?=' 1 GF '
$21 ?
.d? &5' 1 & ' ('
K$ i $ /'1 $ K$ f$ .6 #' s
1 $ K$ D1`$ ' j'( f$ Y6 #' r
1 & K d6 ? ?$ $ 5$+1 '$M& c & $5' 1 ,& 6
$ 0y $
?m=' AM'"5
$3A? $
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$ >'}6 $ K$ "fU& !$ K1? f$ 6 @&p6 $
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w $ '$ $,Y? ]' #$ E'
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1. At the beginning of the call of the Prophet, if a person converts to Islam, it was lawful for them to live with their
Non-Muslim spouse. Later on, this permission was abrogated. According to Hudaybia Treaty between the Muslims
and the Pagans, it was mandatory for the Muslims to return any man coming from Makkah to Madina. Women were
exempt from that. Additionally, the Muslims were required to divorce their unbeliever wives and send them to
Makkah. Similarly, the Pagans were required to send believer women to Madinah. The Muslim as well as Pagans
were allowed to take back the dowry given to their women at the time of separation. If the Pagans refused to pay the
amount of dowry of an Pagan wife of a Muslim husband, the Muslims were allowed in these verses to adjust that
amount from the dowry payable by Muslim wives of Pagan husbands.
2. It means that they will not slander any other person for adultery. In this oath, the promise is taken to avoid those
evil practice which were common in Arab women.

They will not commit
adultery
i
$ /'1 $ K Wives ' -
$ ' Test them! "fU& &54
' @$1
They slander & 5$'#@$86 $ Unbelievers, plural of

#Y #' '
$G? 6
You know about
them
"fU& &,@&,1 ' $
They will not disobey you
$ 5$'-+1 $ K So your turn comes 1 @&M1 .? $+? Lawful ;´ T'
Take an oath of
allegiance from them
"f3& +1 '$( They will not commit
theft
f$ .6 #' s
1 $ K Their dowry "fU& )$ &F

T#
f,1T#

s( -
]F )$ &
$ d? FFp>$ $ '
&5$ y f$ 'Zj
$3A? $ .& 'G4 $ 6
& '+$ 6
$ U& $ x' )1 zy
' $$ c '
$,$ "s
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AQ4 ' & $ j
jd=' .d? F+$ 86 >$ K $
FFp>$ d6 ? ' j
$ 51 ' D@6p$ #$ M&Y? .d? F+$ 86 >$ K
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$ $#1 $ f& (1
$s' ? ?. m6 ='$ .i$ p' ' ?86
P$ 1 p? 6
'31 $ K & j
$ 1 3& ($F.F & j
Û ?
$2?
FS
$2 ",? ? 1 GF 1 ?=' ' j
f1 ' '>}6 $ { &#$ ('

D#~rM$& $ ]'
$)1 "@
f$ ' "$ $ f$ 1 $( $,' D.~- $ & 1 GF 1 ?=' ' j
F &)$ ~/=' ;? 'R
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1.iX M'& #X 4 1 '
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'+1 ($
.i$ ,' 'jq
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?$ $#@$6
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f' '!$ $3& 6'(
1. The
@M is omitted due to its perceptibility.
2. The main objective of this Surah is to incite the Muslims to fight against the Pagans & the People of Book who
were continuously attacking the Muslims. Examples of Prophets Moses & Jesus are provided that these People of
Book know the Prophet Muhammad has brought the same truth that was given to the previous prophets.
3. This is an allegory of the infidels who tried to kill the light of Islam but failed to do so.
Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, a noun with
is added to the word fÊ in order to specify that who is
included in ‘we’. For example, ¨- $ /& i,s
f& 4
1 /$ (We Muslims perform prayer),
& 3' @$%$/ <Fv
f& 4$/ (We students work hard) etc.

With their (blow of
mouth)
1 3' U'
$6 ? They deviated
FS
$2 In rows, arrays D8̈$
One Who fulfills A@'& Being a bearer of
goods news

D#~rM$& Wall, base db $5&(
So that He make it
dominated
& #$ 3' q6 &' They extinguish
F8' v6 &' Hard, compact Ã
X &#1 $

' '&)$ $ ' j'( d? &5' 1 >& .{ '? < {

?Z$ f1 ' 1 GF '%5&> ]{ )$ $%>' ?$ 1 GF !& ? ;6 U$
&5$ y f$ 'Zj
$3A? $
1 GF ? #1 8' L1 $ .d? &,? +1 >$ 1 @&5FY d6 =' 1 GF ? #X 1 E$ 1 GF 'm? 1 GF s
' 8F /?$ 1 GF '
$1 }?(' ' j
;' 'M$ ' 1 d? &U' $%>&$
2& 1 8? 6

$ 'm? d{ 1 $ c ' "5$ ' *D M$~? f$ Y' $s$ $ )& $3/1zy
$3@'4 1 >$ f1 ' '#% 1 >$ c { "5$ 1 GF 6 E' 1 &$ 1 GF ($&/mF
.i$ 5'' 1 ,& 6
#1 ~r($$ Q
X '#.? _X @1 ? $ ' j
f$ ' #X -1 /$ $3/$AM4 ' >& $#E1 F$ .& 'q+$ 6
' j
?=' ')$-/? f1 $ 2 f$ 1 ~)'
$4 $ 6 ' $ $#1 $ f& (1
$s' ? .? $,Y? ' j
)$ $-/?
/FY
&5$ y f$ 'Zj
$3A? $

&5$ y f$ 'Zj
$/1 "}?? *b 8? R'? c
1 #$ 8? Y? $ ;? 'R
$#1 =' '5($ f1 ' *b 8? R'? O
1 5$$ ¥y ? ' j
)& $-/? f& 4
1 /$ d? A)'
$4$ 6
? ?.
.f$ '#U' ?V
&4M$ 1 }?? 1 U' ~& $ ?$
1. In Arabic, when it is required to include incitement with love and affection in an advice, it is described in form of
*³E *,&. Although the sentence is descriptive but there is a clear advice with love and affection is it.
2. This term is used to describe the disciples (close companions) of Prophet Jesus Ps
]-
. In its literal
sense, it means the excited adherers of something. Prophet Muhammad
declared Zubair Ibn
A’wwam 5
:) as his )
T.
Do you know?
The Quranic Surahs are categorized in two types: Makki & Madani. The Surahs revealed before the
migration of the Prophet
from Makkah to Madinah are focused on the primary message of
Islam i.e. Oneness of God, Prophethood and the Hereafter. Answers are provided to the questions raised
by the Pagans.
The Surahs revealed after the migration, in addition to the primary message of Islam, also provide
detailed directives about the practical life. They provide answers to the questions raised by the Muslims
about their practical affairs. Makki Surahs address only two groups primarily: the Pagans and the
Muslims because these two groups were under discussion during the Makki life of the Prophet. The
Madani Surahs address four groups: the Muslims, the People of Book (i.e. Jews & Christians), the
Hypocrites and the Pagans. The style of expression in the Makki Surahs is more literary and persuasive
while that in the Madani Surahs is more descriptive. In the Makki Surahs, the Muslims are stirred up for
patience while in Madani Surahs, the Muslims are stirred up for fighting against the enemies of Islam
who were continuously attacking the Muslims.
So we helped $/1 "}?? The disciples of

Prophet Jesus
i
$ ~)'
$4
$ 6
I inform you about 1 GF !& ?
Dominant, victorious f$ '#U' ?V It will protect you 1 GF '%5&>

T#
f,1T#

s( *+,È
]F )$ &
' ? +$ ($ 'Zj
$ U& .' 'G4 $ 6
' '+$ 6

' ApF 6
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x' )1 zy
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/&?Y d6 ='$ *? ,$ G6 4
' 6
$ < $ $@G' 6
1 3& ,& k+$ &$ 1 3' kY$ &$ ' >'$ 1 3' 1 ? $ F@1 $ 1 3& 51 ' KD &)$ f$ 1 ~~z
f1 $ ' '>1 & ' j

;F
1 ?
$ 'm? .& 'G4 $ 6
& '+$ 6
$ U& $ 1 3' ('
Fp4 $ 6 $ ",? 1 3& 51 ' f$ '#E$ $ .i { M'& { $: '8?
.' 'q+$ 6
;' 1 8? 6
Fm & j
$ 0 $r$
f$ 'Zj
P' 1 p? 6
;F ?$ w $ 6 (' 1
D)?81 ? ;F ,' 4 1 $ )' $,4
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;' ?,$ Y? $UF,' 4 1 $ 1 ? "F ]?
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0 $'1 ? 1 GF "/? 1 @&,1 $ 2$ d6 ='
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1"5,$ @$?
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$
1 GF 'm? $ 1 M$6

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;6 .F D,'R?. $ FY#$ >$$ 2 $31 ?='
A8? /

D13? 1 ? ]D )$ $%>'
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1. An allegory to describe the senselessness of the followers of the Torah. The source letter P a are used initially
from ;+8> <( and then from !#9 to express that the Jews did not accept the directives of the Torah by heart.
2. During the initial days after Prophet’s arrival at Madina, once a trade caravan came at the time when the Prophet
was delivering the sermon before the Friday prayer. Some people rushed towards it.
It is called '!&/ Donkeys )' $,4

' 6
Gentiles, those not
formally educated like the
i
$ ~~z
Leave!
&)m? Books
D)?81 ? People of Book i.e.
illiterate Ishmaelite Arabs
So spread out!
&#r
' @$/? They adopted Judaism
&!$U He purifies them 1 3' kY$ &
They rushed
A8? /
So wish!
1"5,$ @$? The Book (i.e. the Divine
Law)
<
$ $@G' 6
You flee d? A#8' >$ The Wisdom (i.e. Faith &

Ethics)
*? ,$ G6 4
' 6

T#
f,1T#

s( d? Fp' $5,& 6
]F )$ &
jd=' & 3$ r 1 $ & j
$ & F&#$ ? $ "/=' & ? +1 $ & j
$ ' j
F &#$ ? $ "/=' & 3$ r1 /$
F?. d? Fp' $5,& 6
$0y $
?m='
$ 'm? .d? F,$ +1 $
&/?Y $ 0y $ 1 3& "/=' ' j
;' 'M$ f1 $
A- $ ? *D "5& 1 3& /$$,1?
FZH$ ">
.d? &(m' ?G? i $ p' ' $5,& 6
d6 ='$ 1 3& & $s1 ? $ M&% ' +1 >& 1 3& @$1?)$

?m='$ .d? &3p? 86 $ K 1 3& ? 1 3' ('F.F ?$ $ M'vF ?
&#8? Y? "F
&5$ 1 3& "/}?('
1 U& )1 Z? T1 ? A& +$ 6
1 U& 1 3' 1 ? $ *{ 4 $ 1
$ j;YF d? &Ms $41 $ ]b $ "5s
$ & Q X r& E& 1 3& "/}?Y? 1 3' '1 p? ' 1 ,$ s
1 >$
FFp$
1 3& @$1?)$ $ 1 3& $ 0)&
1"? ' j
F &)$ 1 GF ? #1 8' L1 @$s 1 $
1?$+>$ 1 3& ? ;? '.
?m='$ .d? FG? 1 & "/? & j
1 3& ? >$?.
.d? &#M'G6 @$s1 & 1 U& $ d? A- & $
P$ 1 p? 6
'31 $ K $ j
jd=' 1 3& ? & j
#$ 8' 1L$ f1 ? 11 3& ? #1 8' L1 @$s 1 >$ 1 ? P1 ? 1 3& ? c $ #1 8? L1 @$1 ? 1 3' 1? $ 0e
$$
f& R'
$E$ ' j'$
A8? 51 $ "@T$ ' j
' &)$ $ 51 ' f1 $ ?$
Fp8' 51 >& K d? FFp$ $f'Zj
1 U& .i $ p' ' ?86
A$ zy
"f$ #' H1 &? *' 5$',$ 6
?=' $5+1 $ )$ f1 '? d? FFp$ .d? &3p? 86 $ K i $ p' ' $5,& 6
"fG' ?$ x ' )1 zy
$ c '
$,$ "s
.d? &,? +1 $ K i $ p' ' $5,& 6

"fG' ?$ i
$ 5'' 1 ,& 6 '$ ' '&#$ '$ ]F "+' 6
' j'$ 2jm? zy
$351 '
1 U& $ '?1 }F?
$ 'm? ;6 +$ 86 $ f1 $ $ ' j
#' Y6 m' f1 $ 1 YF !& K1? K$ 1 GF F
$1 ? 1 GF 3' 6 >& K
&5$ f$ 'Zj
$3A? $
?=' '5>$#1 "E? K1? ~<)$ ? Fp$? c & 1 ,$ 6
1 YF $ T$ ? $ >'}6 $ d6 ? ;' M1 .? f1 ' 1 YF $5.6 2$ )$ $ f1 '
Fp8' /1?$ .d? &#' $H6
$,(' \
X M'E$ & j
$ $3F $ ? 0y $
?m=' Ds68/$ & j
#$ ~E$& f1 ?$ .i $4 ' '"-
f1 ' f1 YF ?$ u $ ""}?? Q { '#.? ;{ $ ?
.d? F,$ +1 >$
1. It is an indirect reproach to the Hypocrites.
2. It was a specific incident when A’bdullah Ibn Ubai (the chief of Hypocrites) said these words to charge up the
people of Madina against the immigrants. When it was reported to the Prophet, he denied it.
More honorable A$ zy

Cry, shout *{ 4
$ 1
$ Their oaths 1 3& /$$,1?
More dishonorable jm? zy
Be careful of them 1 U& )1 Z? T1
It is sealed ?$ $ M'F
It should not divert you 1 GF 3' 6 >& K They are perverse d? FG? 1 & Timber Q
X r
& E&
You gave me time '5>$#1 "E? They shake
(arrogantly)

1"? Propped up ]b $ "5s
$ &

T#
f,1T#

s( f&($L@$
]F )$ &
$ U& .#X '.? 0{ 1 `$ k;YF ?$ $ U& $ & ,1 4 $ 6
& ?$ &6 ,& 6
& ? x
' )1 zy
' $$ c '
$,$ "s
' $ ' j' _ & ~Ms
$ &
x$ )1 zy
$ c '
$,$ "s
$ ? E$ .#X 1 -
' ($ d? F,$ +1 >$ $,(' & j
$ fX ' 1 & 1 GF 51 ' $ #X ' ?Y 1 GF 51 ,' ? 1 GF ?p? E$ 'Zj
$ & ? +1 $$ x' )1 zy

$ c
'
$,$ "s
' $ & ? 1+$ .#& 1 - ' ,$ 6
' 1 ?='$ 1 YF )$ $
& f$ s $ T1 }?? 1 YF )$ "$ $ ~4 $ 6'(
.)' &A-
c '
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1 3' '>}6 >$ O
1 /$?Y & "/}?(' $ 'm? .X '? <
X
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F.
?Z? ;F M1 .? f1 '
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
}FM$/$ 1 GF '>}6 $ 1 ??
$ $ 2$ .X ,' T$ 5'S? & j
$ & j
$5L1 @$1
$
1j$ >$$
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F?p? c ' $5~M$6'( 1 3& F & )&
.#X 1 s
' $ ' j
?$
$ 'm? $ 1 @&6 ,' $ $,(' jd& "M5$@&? "F "fF+$ M1 @&? ~()$ $ ?($ ;6 .F
F+$ M1 & f1 ? d6 ?
&#8? Y? f$ 'Zj
$ 'm? ' ,1 %$ 6
P' 1 $' 1 GF +& ,$ %
1 $ P$ 1 $ .\
X M'E$ d? F,$ +1 >$ $,(' & j
$ $56$ /? 'Zj
)' A5
$ ' '&)$ $ ' j'(
&5' ¥?
$3@'4
1 >$ f1 ' '#% 1 >$ c { "5$ & 6 E' 1 &$ ' >'?~$ & 51 $ #1 k8G? & D4'$ ;6 ,$ +1 $$ ' j'( f1 ' 1 & f1 $ $ f' (&$L"@
P& 1 $
)' "5
<
& $4 1 ? $ '?1 F $5>'$¥'(
&(jZY? $
&#8? ?Y f$ 'Zj
$ .& 'q+$ 6
2& 1 8? 6
$ 'm?
D$(? $3' f$ ''$E )& $3/1zy
.#& 1 -
' ,$ 6
w$ 6 ('$ $3' f$ ''$E
$ j

&+'?$ .X '$ 0{ 1 `$ k;GF (' & j
$ & M$6 .? ' 31 $ ' j'( f1 ' 1 & f1 $ $ ' j
d' m6 '(' jK=' *{ M$'-& f1 ' $<$? $
' j
?$ $ $ U& jK=' $ ?=' K & j
.i & M',& 6
Û
F $M6
$5'& )$ ?$ $,"/'? 1 @&1 j$ >$ d6 '? ? &"#

&+'?$
d6 ='$ 1 U& &)Z? T1 ? 1 GF ?
D& $ 1 YF !' K1?$ 1GF '
$21 ? 1 f1 ' jd='
&5$ f$ 'Zj
$3A? $ .d? &5' 1 ,& 6
;6 jY$ @$$6 ?
#X 1 ? & $ 51 ' & j
$ *b 5$@1 ' 1 YF !& K1?$ 1 GF F
$1? $,"/=' .X 'T)$ )X F8S? $ j
jd'?
&#8' L1 >$$
&48? - 1 >$$
F8+1 >$
' s
' 86 /$ "_`& u $ & f1 $ $ 1 GF s ' 8F /1zy
D#1E$
Fp8' /?$
&+'?$
&+,$ 1
$ 1 @&+1 v? @$1
$ $ j

Fp">? .X 'q$
.X 'T$ )X FG`$ & j
$ 1 GF ? #1 8' L1 $$ 1 GF ? & 86 ' $& D5$sT$ D:1#.? $ j

&:#' p6 >& d6 =' .d? &4' 86 ,& 6
1 U& $ '?1 }F?
.& 'G4 $ 6
& '+$ 6
]' !$ $3"r
$ Q' 1 L$ 6
& '$
1. Here, the word f is used in meaning of ‘some’. It is called *+M> f.
Test, trouble, anarchy *b 5$@1 ' Is a man (going to

guide us)?
#X r
$ ($ ? Wining & losing f' (&$L"@

T#
f,1T#

s( uv
]F )$ &
"fU& &#' H 1 >& K 1 GF "()$ $ j

Fp">
$ ]? "+' 6

&-T1 ?$ "f3' >'"+' ' "fU& Fpkv? ? 0y $s~5
1 @&p6 j?
?m=' AM'"5
3
1 p? ? ' j
!$ &T& "+$ @$$ f1 $ $ ' j
!& &T& $ 6 >'$ *{ $5~M$& *{ r
$ T' ?8(' i $ >'}6 $ d6 ? jK=' f$ 1 #& H
1 $ K$ "f3' >'&(& f1 '
1 ? { &#+1 ,$ (' "fU& FGs ' 1 }?? "f3& ? $ ? f$ L1 ? ($
?m'? .
D#1? $ 'm? $ +1 ($ ¢F ' 4 1 & $ j
j;+$ ? ')1 >$ K & s $ 86 /$ $ ? V?
f& ' 1 & d? ?Y f1 $ ' ('
F $ & 1 GF 'm? ' j' ]? !$ $3"r

&,'.?$ 1 GF 51 ' { 1 $ $m?
&3' `1 ?$ { &#+1 ,$ (' "fU& F.)' ?
;6 jY$ @$$ f1 $ $ Q & s ' @$4
1 $ K F 1 T$ f1 ' & .6 2& 1#$$ .D$#H 1 $ & ? ;6 +$ %
1 $ $ j
' "@$ f1 $ $ #' E'
P' 1 $6
$ ' j'(
.
D)1.? 0{ 1 `$ k;GF ' & j
;? +$ $ 1 .? ' #' 1 ? nF '$( $ j
jd=' & M&s1 T$ $ 3& ? 'j
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1. This Surah was revealed in order to purify the family of the Prophet. The wives of the Prophet are taught how to
deal with Allah’s Messenger
.
2. The Prophet decided to not use honey due to desire of one of his wives. Allah has asked the reason from the
Prophet for that. It is an indirect reproach to the attitude of his wife.
3. It is an indirect rebuke to the attitude of those who do not try to protect the moral character of their families.
Protect
F. That He change for
him
& ?' M1 & d6 ? Declaring something
unlawful
1#' 4$@
Its fuel $U!& F.$ Those who work hard Making something
*? j4
' >$
in worships of
c
{ $4R'$ lawful
á
b 'S "#$ ?
seclusion e.g. fasting,
Hard sitting in Mosque etc. He talked secretly
Harsh !X
$`' Married (divorced or
widowed)
c
{ $M~? It inclined towards O
1 L$
$
Don’t put an excuse
&)Z' @$+1 >$ K Virgin
D)?G(1? If both of you made a
group against him

$#U$ ?q>$

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1. Here the character of four women of ancient nations is described. The wives of the Prophet are asked to adopt the
character of Aasia, the wife of the Pharaoh and the Virgin Marry (the mother of Jesus), and to avoid the character of
the wives of Prophet Noah & Lot Ps
]-
,3.
Rule of the Day!

Different prepositions used with a verb give different meaning. For example, ¼= Q
$ S' )$
(He was inclined to), f
1 $ Q
$ S' )$ (He detested) etc.
Do you know?
A large number of disciplines were invented by the Muslims to serve the Quran.
They include: NdM
N456
N#-
N\s8@
N\s8@

PG
Np8
N'/+,6
etc.
She protected O
1 5$-
$ T1 ? Both of them were not
satisfied
$5'L1 & 1 ? Being sincere DT&-/$
Her chastity $3$ #1 ? Protect me! '5~%/$ Make it perfect for us $5? 1 ,' >1?
We breathed out spirit ' ' $5H
1 8? /$ Both of them betrayed
both of them
$,U& $@/$$E

What’s Next?
In Level 4, you have completed the Intermediate Level of the Arabic language. Now you can read the
Quran, Hadith and Islamic literature. Your vocabulary is enough to read in Arabic but you’ll need a
dictionary to look at the meaning of any new word.
At next level, you will start the Advanced Arabic. You will study advanced concepts of *SM
at
Level 5 which will help you in fine tuning your linguistic skills. Some highlights are as follows:
• Attributes of a good communication *S( *T-

• Parables & Allegories ;,$> Mr>
• Literal & Figurative Meanings 21 $%,$ 6
*?pp46
• Metaphors #+> N*5Y N])+@
• Amount of Words to Describe Meanings c

s <5 2ä=
In addition to that, you will also see more advanced passages from the Quran, the Hadith, the Quranic
Exegesis, the Hadith Commentary, the Hadith Sciences, the Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic Literature
and writings of ancient scholars. Your vocabulary will be enriched further.
So continue Level 5 for the Advanced Arabic.
Worth Reading
Personality Development Program. A series of articles at
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Personalityenglish.htm

Bibliography
Following sources are consulted during preparation of this book:
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Quranic Arabic

At the end of this level, you’ll be able to read

Lesson 1A: The Groups of    7

Lesson 1B: Surat-ul-Mulk to Surat-ul-Inshiqaq 15

Lesson 2A: Further Groups of    39

Lesson 2B: Teachings of Prophet Muhammad  

Lesson 3A: Further Groups of    73

Lesson 3B: Public Speeches of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs 79

Lesson 4A: Groups of   !"#%

Lesson 4B: Some Snaps of the Glorious Age 96

Lesson 5B: Selections from the Arabic Literature 124

Lesson 6A: Deceased Verbs and Derived Nouns *-./ 0,1

Lesson 6B: Disciplines of Knowledge and their Classification 145

Lesson 8A: Words with Repeated Source Letters  206

Lesson 8B: The Exegesis of Qurtabi 216

Lesson 9A: Words  as the First Source Letter  230

Lesson 9B: Kitaab ur Risalah 237

Lesson 10A: Words  as the Second Source Letter  255

Lesson 10B: Arabic Poetry 264

Quranic Arabic Program 2 Level 04

Lesson 11B: Principles of Hadith Evaluation 291

Lesson 12A: Words  as the Two Source Letter 8 309

Lesson 13A: The Verbs with Incomplete Meanings 329

Lesson 14A: *,1

Lesson 14B: Surah Qaaf to Surah Waqi'ah 366

Lesson 15A: The Summary of 145$

Lesson 15B: Surat ul Hadeed to Surah Tahreem 395

What’s Next? 412

Quranic Arabic Program 3 Level 04

Rule of the Day

Face the Challenge! Worth Reading

Quranic Arabic Program 4 Level 04

The Program is organized as follows:

Ask Your Questions

Quranic Arabic Program 5 Level 04

Set-up Your Resources

Quranic Arabic Program 6 Level 04

Dear Reader! Build Your Personality

$+8'@1 = • ;&?8>$ • *?$ ?8& • $+= •

Rule of the Day

Quranic Arabic Program 7 Level 04

Quranic Arabic Program 8 Level 04

(J ) ^ ]!) \MY #$ $+= <(

Quranic Arabic Program 9 Level 04

Teacher X k+$ & ; He was taught. $ k& 39 :

(O you!) Teach! 1 k$ P+ #:T #

Quranic Arabic Program 10 Level 04

English '(# English '(# English '(#

Quranic Arabic Program 11 Level 04

*L English '(#

d? Fp8' 5& 1 U& $5.6 2$ )$

On the Day of Judgment, they

The way of those ______ upon them. 1 3' 1 ? $ O

Quranic Arabic Program 12 Level 04

*L English '(#

______ your sons. 1 YF 0y $5(1? d? &4~(Z? &

Face the Challenge!

Quranic Arabic Program 13 Level 04

*L English '(#

This is the Arabic language that is _____. X M'& '(# db $s'

Lesson 1A: The Groups of 7

Lesson 2A: Further Groups of 39

Lesson 2B: Teachings of Prophet Muhammad

Lesson 3A: Further Groups of 73

Lesson 4A: Groups of !"#%

Lesson 6A: Deceased Verbs and Derived Nouns *-./ 0,1

Lesson 8A: Words with Repeated Source Letters 206

Lesson 9A: Words as the First Source Letter 230

Lesson 10A: Words as the Second Source Letter 255

Lesson 12A: Words as the Two Source Letter 8 309

Lesson 14A: *,1

Lesson 15A: The Summary of 145$

$+8'@1 = • ;&?8>$ • *?$ ?8& • $+= •

(J ) ^ ]!) \MY #$ $+= <(

Teacher X k+$ & ; He was taught. $ k& 39 :

(O you!) Teach! 1 k$ P+ #:T #

English '(# English '(# English '(#

*L English '(#

d? Fp8' 5& 1 U& $5.6 2$ )$

The way of those ______ upon them. 1 3' 1 ? $ O

*L English '(#

______ your sons. 1 YF 0y $5(1? d? &4~(Z? &

*L English '(#

This is the Arabic language that is _____. X M'& '(# db $s'

It burst out & ",$ >$ Tired, fatigued #X 1 s

X '$ & "/=' ' ('

Crawling, straight D' $ NDMG' & Outstretching their

Its borders / dimensions $3R'$)1 ? Overturned settlement c

Secret b $' $E Intensifying, a hill D $('

Take it! P1 & $U Ship, boat *' $)' $%6

P' $+? ?$ A4 & $ K$ .' 'q+$ 6

.i' p' $6

A soothsayer f{ U' ?Y Chain *{ ? s

.' '%5& "F D+',$ x ' )1 zy

.DFU$ $ ' E& d? $s/'

Impatient, hasty DFU$ Those who protect him

Anxious, depressed D&$ He gets rid of it ' '%5& They ascend J

Dreading, fearful d? Fp8' r

Protected d{ &}6 $ For skins, scalps $"r' He will desire A!$ $

Injustice, fatigue Dp$U)$ Shooting stars, plural

$>1 & d6 ? 1 3& 51 ' ¡

1 ?$ .]b \$- ' ($ ' s' 86 /$ ?$ dF $s/'

1 ?? .¦& $ #$ @1 & d6 ? dF $s/'

A sperm of semen 5'$ *D 8? v6 /& One that breaks the

Its cluster of fruits $3F Fv.F Captive

Submitted, bowing down

f1 ' )$ ' $ ?

jd=' . D 'M1 >$ 1 3& ??1 ? $56"($ $56 `'

;b 1$ .i $ ' #' %

The offer excuses d? &)Z' @$+1 $ High c

According to (their deeds) D.?' Multitude growth D?86? Cradle

Vegetables DM1.? Scribes, writers ]{ #$ 8? $ Its establishment $U$#1 &

1 3& 51 ' ¡ { #' 1

?m='$ .O 1 ? kv& )& $r+' 6

.O1 8? '21 F *F "5%