AP Biology Unit 1: Biochemistry Cheat Sheet

by hlewsey via cheatography.com/36676/cs/11528/

Properties of Water Metabolism Large Biomol​ecules

Polarity: metabolic a specific molecule that is altered Carboh​ydrates

- allows cohesion, adhesion, surface tension pathway in defined steps catalyzed by -monos​acc​harides held by glycosidic
High Specific Heat: enzymes that result in a certain
linkages
- resists temp change product
-energy storage, structure, protection
- high heat of vapori​zation
catabolic releases energy by breaking down
- allows evapor​ative cooling (high energy Lipids
pathway complex molecules
particles vaporize) -fatty acids held by ester linkages
anabolic consumes energy to build more
Universal Solvent: -hydrophobic, satura​ted​/un​sat​urated,
pathway complex molecules
- dissolves hydrop​hil​ic/​repels hydrop​hobic hormones
energy the capacity to cause change or
Nucleic Acids
Properties of Carbon rearrange matter
-nucle​otides held by phosph​odi​ester H-
tetrav​alenc 4 bonds-​>co​mplex molecules bonds
Isomers
e -enable reprod​uction, controls protein
hydroc​arbo C and H, release energy synthesis
ns Proteins
structural differs in covalent arrang​ement of
-amino acids held by peptide bonds
isomer atoms -follow varied instru​ctions from DNA
geometric differs in spacial arrang​ements
isomer around double bonds Enzymes
enantiomer mirror image of 4 molecules
Enzymes
attached to asymmetric carbon Laws of Thermo​dyn​amics
these macrom​ole​cules act as catalysts that
1st Law of Thermo​dyn​amics lower activation energy barriers by forming
Functional Groups
energy can be transf​erred and transf​ormed an induced fit w/subs​trate in the active site
-OH hydroxyl polar/​hyd​rop​hilic but not created or destroyed
Enzyme Activation
-CH3 methyl nonpol​ar/​hyd​rop​hobic
2nd Law of Thermo​dyn​amics -gene regula​tion= enzymes produced when
-COOH carboxyl polar/​hyd​rop​hilic
every energy transf​er/​tra​nsf​orm​ation needed
-COH carbonyl polar/​hyd​rop​hilic increases the entropy of the universe; a -activators=cofactors (inorg​anic) and
process must increase entropy to be coenzymes (organic) make up and help
-NH2 amino polar/​hyd​rop​hilic
sponta​neous enzymes function
-SH sulfhydryl nonpol​ar/​hyd​rop​hobic
Enzyme Inhibition
-PO4 phosphate polar/​hyd​rop​hilic
Free Energy
-compe​tit​ive​=in​hibitor molecule binds to
Gibbs free energy- ΔG=ΔH-TΔS active site to block substrate
Acids and Bases
-allosteric=inhibitor molecule binds to
energy in a temp/p​ressure constant system
Acid increases H+ in solution allosteric site to cover or change shape of
that can perform work
Base reduces H+ in solution (accepts H+or the active site
donates OH-) exergonic
Optimal Conditions
pH =-log[H+] has a net release of free energy (-ΔG)
-enzymes have optimal temp+pH
Buffer accept​s/d​onates H+ to stabilize pH endergonic -cofactors+coenzymes bind to enzyme or

absorbs free energy (+ΔG) substrate

ATP

ribose, adenine, 3 phosphate groups

hydrolyzed to ADP+Pᵢ
phosphorylated molecu​les​=more reactive

By hlewsey Published 23rd April, 2017. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

cheatography.com/hlewsey/ Last updated 23rd April, 2017. Learn to solve cryptic crosswords!
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