Flashcards - Topic 4 Biological Molecules - CIE Biology IGCSE

CIE Biology IGCSE
4 - Biological Molecules
Flashcards
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What chemical elements are present in
carbohydrates?
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carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (C,H,O)
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lipids?
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What chemical elements are present in lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (C,H,O)
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proteins?
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What chemical elements are present in proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and

sulfur (C,H,O,N,S)
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What smaller molecules are starch and
glycogen made from?
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What smaller molecules are starch and glycogen
made from?
Glucose
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What smaller molecule is cellulose made
of?
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What smaller molecule is cellulose made from?
Glucose
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What smaller molecules are proteins
made of?
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What smaller molecules are proteins made of?
Amino acids
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What smaller molecules are fats and oils
made from?
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What smaller molecules are fats and oils made
from?
Fatty acids
Glycerol
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How do you test for starch?
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How do you test for starch?
Add iodine to the sample
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What will you observe in a positive test
for starch?
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What will you observe in a positive test for starch?
The yellow/brown solution turns blue/black
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How do you test for reducing sugars?
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How do you test for reducing sugars?
- Add a few drops of Benedict’s solution

- Warm in a water bath for 3 minutes at
about 80 degrees
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for reducing sugars?
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What will you observe in a positive test for reducing
sugars?
The more reducing sugar present, the

closer to red the colour is
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How do you test for proteins?
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How do you test for proteins?
Add equal volumes of Biuret A (copper

sulfate) and Biuret B (sodium hydroxide)
to the sample and shake
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for protein?
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What will you observe in a positive test for protein?
The solution turns from blue to purple
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How do you test for lipids?
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How do you test for lipids?
3
- Add 2cm of ethanol to the sample
- Leave to dissolve
- Add 2cm3 of distilled water to the
sample
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for lipids?
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What will you observe in a positive test for lipids?
A cloudy white emulsion will form
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How do you test for Vitamin C?
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How do you test for Vitamin C?
Add DCPIP to the solution drop by drop

until the solution permanently changes
colour
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for Vitamin C?
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What will you observe in a positive test for Vitamin
C?
The solution will turn the DCPIP from

dark blue to colourless permanently
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How does the sequence of amino acids
affect the protein produced?
(Higher/Supplement)
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How does the sequence of amino acids affect the
protein produced? (Higher/Supplement)
The different amino acids and their

structures can determine the shape,
size, properties of the protein and how it
folds in different ways
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Give 2 functions of proteins
(Higher/Supplement)
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Give 2 functions of proteins (Higher/Supplement)
Antibodies
Enzymes
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Describe the structure of DNA
(Higher/Supplement)
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Describe the structure of DNA (Higher/Supplement)
- It is a polymer made of many nucleotide monomers

- It is made of 2 strands in the shape of a double helix
- Each strand contains bases (A, T, C, G)
- The 2 strands are linked between the bases
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Give the 4 bases in DNA
(Higher/Supplement)
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Give the 4 bases in DNA (Higher/Supplement)
A, T, C and G
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How do the bases in DNA pair up?
(Higher/Supplement)
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How do the bases in DNA pair up
(Higher/Supplement)
A always pairs with T

C always pairs with G
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Give one use of water in the body
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Give one use of water in the body
Water is used as a solvent in the body
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Give 3 processes in which water is used
as a solvent (Higher/Supplement)
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Give 3 processes in which water is used as a solvent
(Higher/Supplement)
- Digestion
- Excretion
- Transport
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What are the main biomolecules and their components?

How can you test for different biomolecules?

CIE Biology IGCSE

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (C,H,O)

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (C,H,O)

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and

Add iodine to the sample

The yellow/brown solution turns blue/black

- Add a few drops of Benedict’s solution

The more reducing sugar present, the

Add equal volumes of Biuret A (copper

The solution turns from blue to purple

A cloudy white emulsion will form

Add DCPIP to the solution drop by drop

The solution will turn the DCPIP from

The different amino acids and their

- It is a polymer made of many nucleotide monomers

A always pairs with T

Water is used as a solvent in the body

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