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    MDB Lesson 5 Torsion PDF

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    poliman2017
    This document discusses torsion and torque in circular shafts. It defines torsional shear stress and how it relates to the twisting moment, polar moment of inertia, and radius/diameter of a solid or hollow circular shaft. It also defines the angle of twist based on torque, length, shear modulus, and polar moment of inertia. Finally, it provides examples of problems calculating shaft diameter, maximum stress, angle of twist, and power transmission.

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    MDB Lesson 5 Torsion PDF

    Uploaded by

    poliman2017
    243 views9 pages
    This document discusses torsion and torque in circular shafts. It defines torsional shear stress and how it relates to the twisting moment, polar moment of inertia, and radius/diameter of a solid or hollow circular shaft. It also defines the angle of twist based on torque, length, shear modulus, and polar moment of inertia. Finally, it provides examples of problems calculating shaft diameter, maximum stress, angle of twist, and power transmission.

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    This document discusses torsion and torque in circular shafts. It defines torsional shear stress and how it relates to the twisting moment, polar moment of inertia, and radius/diameter of a solid or hollow circular shaft. It also defines the angle of twist based on torque, length, shear modulus, and polar moment of inertia. Finally, it provides examples of problems calculating shaft diameter, maximum stress, angle of twist, and power transmission.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    243 views9 pages

    MDB Lesson 5 Torsion PDF

    Uploaded by

    poliman2017
    This document discusses torsion and torque in circular shafts. It defines torsional shear stress and how it relates to the twisting moment, polar moment of inertia, and radius/diameter of a solid or hollow circular shaft. It also defines the angle of twist based on torque, length, shear modulus, and polar moment of inertia. Finally, it provides examples of problems calculating shaft diameter, maximum stress, angle of twist, and power transmission.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Lesson 5: Torsion

    Consider a bar to be rigidly attached at one end and


    twisted at the other end by a torque or twisting moment
    𝑇 equivalent to 𝐹 × 𝑑, which is applied perpendicular to
    the axis of the bar, as shown in the figure. Such a bar is
    said to be in torsion.
    Torsional Shearing Stress, 𝝉
    For a solid or hollow circular shaft subject to a twisting
    moment 𝑇, the torsional shearing stress 𝜏 at a distance
    𝜌 from the center of the shaft is
    𝑇𝜌
    𝜏=
    𝐽
    𝑇𝑟
    Max. 𝜏 =
    𝐽
    where 𝐽 is the polar moment of inertia of the section
    and 𝑟 is the outer radius.
    For solid shaft:
    𝜋𝐷4
    𝐽=
    32
    2𝑇 16𝑇
    𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝜏 = 3
    =
    𝜋𝑅 𝜋𝐷3

    For hollow shaft:


    𝜋 𝐷4 − 𝑑4
    𝐽=
    32
    2𝑇𝑅 16𝑇𝐷
    𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝜏 = 4 4
    =
    𝜋 𝑅 −𝑟 𝜋 𝐷4 − 𝑑4
    Angle of Twist
    The angle 𝜃 through which the bar length 𝐿 will twist is
    𝑇𝐿
    𝜃=
    𝐽𝐺
    where 𝑇 is the torque in 𝑁 · 𝑚𝑚, 𝐿 is the length of shaft in
    𝑚𝑚, 𝐺 is shear modulus in 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝐽 is the polar moment of
    inertia in 𝑚𝑚4, 𝐷 and 𝑑 are diameter in 𝑚𝑚, 𝑅 and 𝑟 are
    the radius in 𝑚𝑚.

    Power Transmitted by the Shaft


    A shaft rotating with a constant angular velocity 𝜔 (in
    radians per second) is being acted by a twisting moment
    𝑇. The power transmitted by the shaft is
    𝑃 = 𝑇𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑓
    where 𝑇 is the torque in 𝑁 · 𝑚, 𝑓 is the number of
    revolutions per second or Hertz, and 𝑃 is the power in
    watts.
    Examples:

    1. A solid shaft in a rolling mill transmit 20 kilowatts at 2


    revolutions per second. Determine the required
    diameter of the shaft if the shearing stress is not to
    exceed 40 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and the angle of twist is limited to 6° in
    a length of 3 𝑚. Use 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

    Ans. 58.7 𝑚𝑚
    2. A compound shaft consisting of a steel segment and
    an aluminum segment is acted upon by two torques as
    shown. Determine the maximum permissible value of
    𝑇 subject to the following conditions: 𝜏𝑠 = 83 𝑀𝑃𝑎,
    𝜏𝑎 = 55 𝑀𝑃𝑎, and the angle of rotation of the free end
    is limited to 6°. For steel, 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎 and for
    aluminum, 𝐺 = 28 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

    Ans. 679 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
    3. An aluminum shaft with a constant diameter of
    50 𝑚𝑚 is loaded by torques applied to gears attached to
    it as shown. Using 𝐺 = 28 𝐺𝑃𝑎, determine the relative
    angle of twist of gear 𝐷 relative to gear 𝐴.

    Ans. 6.34°
    Exercise 5:

    1. What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel shaft


    that will not twist through more than 3° in a 6 − 𝑚
    length when subjected to a torque of 12 𝑘𝑁 · 𝑚? What
    maximum shearing stress is developed? Use 𝐺 =
    83 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
    2. A solid steel shaft 5 𝑚 long is stressed at 80 𝑀𝑃𝑎 when
    twisted through 4°. Using 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎, compute the
    shaft diameter. What power can be transmitted by the
    shaft at 20 𝐻𝑧?
    3. A steel propeller shaft is to transmit 4.5 𝑀𝑊 at
    3 𝐻𝑧 without exceeding a shearing stress of 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎 or
    twisting through more than 1° in a length of
    26 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠. Compute the proper diameter if 𝐺 =
    83 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
    4. Determine the maximum torque that can be applied to
    a hollow circular steel shaft of 100 − 𝑚𝑚 outside
    diameter and an 80 − 𝑚𝑚 inside diameter without
    exceeding a shearing stress of 60 𝑀𝑃𝑎 or a twist of
    0.5 deg/𝑚. Use 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
    5. The steel shaft shown rotates at 4 𝐻𝑧 with 35 𝑘𝑊 taken
    off at 𝐴, 20 𝑘𝑊 removed at 𝐵, and 55 𝑘𝑊 applied at 𝐶.
    Using 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎, find the maximum shearing stress
    and the angle of rotation of gear 𝐴 relative to gear 𝐶.

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