Unit - Ii Cloud Computing Architecture: Architecture and Event-Driven Architecture

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) UNIT-II PUNIT SONI
8th Semester, CSE Asstt Prof, CSE

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UNIT – II
CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE
As we know, cloud computing technology is used by both small and large organizations
to store the information in cloud and access it from anywhere at anytime using the
internet connection.
Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented

architecture and event-driven architecture.
Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts:
o Front End
o Back End
Figure: Cloud Computing Architecture
Front End
The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces and applications that
are required to access the cloud computing platforms. The front end includes web servers
(including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile
devices.
CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 1

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Back End
The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all the resources that are
required to provide cloud computing services. It includes a huge amount of data storage,
security mechanism, virtual machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control
mechanisms, etc.
 It is the responsibility of the back end to provide built-in security mechanism,

traffic control and protocols.
 The server employs certain protocols known as middleware, which help the
connected devices to communicate with each other.
Components of Cloud Computing Architecture
There are the following components of cloud computing architecture:
1. Client Infrastructure
Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User
Interface) to interact with the cloud.
2. Application
The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access.
3. Service
A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according to the client’s
requirement.
Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:
i. Software as a Service (SaaS) – It is also known as cloud application services. Mostly,

SaaS applications run directly through the web browser means we do not require to
download and install these applications.
Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.
ii. Platform as a Service (PaaS) – It is also known as cloud platform services. It is quite
similar to SaaS, but the difference is that PaaS provides a platform for software creation,
but using SaaS, we can access software over the internet without the need of any platform.
Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud, OpenShift.
iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – It is also known as cloud infrastructure

services. It is responsible for managing applications data, middleware, and runtime
environments.
Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Cisco
Metapod.
4. Runtime Cloud
Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime environment to the virtual
machines.

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5. Storage
Storage is one of the most important components of cloud computing. It provides a huge
amount of storage capacity in the cloud to store and manage data.
6. Infrastructure
It provides services on the host level, application level, and network level. Cloud
infrastructure includes hardware and software components such as servers, storage,
network devices, virtualization software, and other storage resources that are needed to
support the cloud computing model.
7. Management
Management is used to manage components such as application, service, runtime cloud,
storage, infrastructure, and other security issues in the backend and establish
coordination between them.
8. Security
Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing. It implements a security
mechanism in the back end.
9. Internet
The Internet is medium through which front end and back end can interact and
communicate with each other.
Infrastructural Constraints
Followings are the basic constraints:
 Transparency
 Scalability
 Intelligent Monitoring
 Security
Transparency
 In a Cloud environment, virtualization is the key to share the resources.
 It is impossible to satisfy the demand with single resource or server. Hence, there
should be transparency in resources, load balancing and application, so that we can
scale the resources on demand.
Scalability
 Scaling up an application is easy but scaling up an application delivery solution is not
easy, because it includes configuration overhead or even re-architecting the network.
 Hence, application delivery is required to be scalable that need the virtual
infrastructure so that, resources are provisioned and de-provisioned easily.
Intelligent Monitoring
 Application solution delivery is required to be capable of intelligent monitoring to
achieve transparency and scalability.
Security
 In security, the mega data center in the cloud must be securely architected.
 The control node, an entry point in mega data center also requires to be secure.

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CLOUD COMPUTING STACK
Cloud computing has commonly been referred to as a “stack” because it typically encompasses
many different types of services which have been built on top of each other under a “cloud”. Cloud
computing has been defined by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) as a
model that enables on-demand access to a shared resource pool consisting of servers, networks,
applications, services and storage which can be rapidly deployed with minimal management efforts.
There are three different types of cloud computing services namely Platform as a Service or PaaS,
Software as a Service or SaaS and Infrastructure as a Service or IaaS.
Figure: Cloud Computing Stack
Users can make use of bulk resources which can be obtained quickly whenever there are
demands. NIST has also stated some features as being essential for services to be regarded
as cloud hosting services.
• On-demand services that end users can sign up for and obtain without delays.
• Wide network access because users can access such services through multiple
platforms like laptops, desktops and mobiles.
• Measured services because users will pay according to what they use; so, billing is
offered as a utility service.
• Elasticity and scalability to cope with increases in demand.
The SaaS applications have been designed for end users and they are offered across the
Internet. The PaaS refers to sets of tools or services designed for coding and implementing
the applications efficiently. IaaS refers to the software and hardware which powers it,
such as, servers, networks, storage, and operating system.

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COMPARISON OF CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE WITH
TRADITIONAL COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE (CLIENT/SERVER)
In a traditional client-server model, which is definitely still in common use today, a client
connects to a server that performs a particular job. This server may host a database, or a
series of file shares, or a webpage. When the client connects to that server, there is an
implicit understanding of the type of communication and data transmission that will
ensue between the two computers. There may also be an understanding by the client, or
the end user, of the capabilities of the server's hardware, and its limitations. This
relatively "tight coupling" between the client machine and its server can pose problems
for a system admin who needs to take down a server for maintenance; all the applications
dependent upon resources provided by this server have to be pointed at another server,
and not all applications and infrastructures are designed with this type of redundancy and
failover-tolerance in mind.
In a cloud model, the hardware, topology, division of labor, and even number of actual
machines involved is all abstracted behind a single endpoint. The analogy could be drawn
to a modern "web application", as opposed to older generations of "website" which were
more static. We might guess that there is an application server and a DB server behind the
scenes, but we really don't have to care; the web server, as part of its job to serve the full
application to users beyond the "edge", provides a unified endpoint allowing controlled
access to all the data and services provided by other machines behind this front door.
Client server is a process where data processing is distributed between a client and a
server. The best example of client/server is – emails and RDBMS based web applications.
In simpler words, client server is a kind of application architecture whereas cloud
computing is the way that defines how applications are hosted. Cloud is the latest
technology that allows businesses to abstract software from the hardware, and scale
up/down the applications as per the business demands.
Figure: Comparison of Cloud computing and Client-Server Architecture

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The primary difference in cloud computing and traditional networking or hosting is the
implementation, and in one word that is “virtualization.” Virtualization allows for
extensive scalability, giving clients virtually limitless resources. Client-Server is a kind of
application architecture whereas Cloud Computing is the way that defines how
applications are hosted.
SERVICES PROVIDED AT VARIOUS LEVELS IN CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing allows your business to work wherever you like, whenever you like.
However, cloud computing is not quite as simple as it may seem. Inside of the world of
cloud computing, there are three major service models. By comparing the three different
models, you will be better able to determine which cloud computing service model is
right for your business.
Each offers a different level of flexibility and control over the product that your business
is 'buying'. Each also varies in its relationship to your existing IT infrastructure. Because
of the wide variances between the three, it is important to determine which model will
suit your business's needs the best.
IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service)

IaaS is the lowest-level cloud service paradigm and possibly the most important. With
IaaS, pre-configured hardware resources are provided to users through a virtual interface.
Unlike PaaS and SaaS, IaaS doesn’t include applications or even an operating system
(implementing all of that is left up to the customer), it offers the fundamental
infrastructure of virtual servers, network, operating systems and data storage drives. It
allows for the flexibility, reliability and scalability that many businesses seek with the
cloud, and removes the need for hardware in the office. This makes it ideal for small and
medium sized organizations looking for a cost-effective IT solution to support business
growth. IaaS is a fully outsourced pay-for-use service and is available as a public, private
or hybrid infrastructure.

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Popular IaaS offerings like Amazon EC2, IBM Soft Layer, and Google’s Compute Engine
(GCE) are silently powering a huge portion of the backbone of the internet, whether users
realize it or not.
PaaS (Platform As A Service)

PaaS is a cloud service model where the cloud is used to deliver a platform to users from
which they can develop, initialize and manage applications. PaaS offerings typically
include a base operating system and a suite of applications and development tools. PaaS
eliminates the need for organizations to build and maintain the infrastructure traditionally
used to develop applications. PaaS is sometimes called ‘middleware’, referring to how it
conceptually sits somewhere between SaaS and IaaS.
Platform’s like Google’s App Engine, IBM BlueMix, and Apache’s Stratos are popular PaaS
products which are helping to streamline and democratize software development.
SaaS (Software As A Service)

Sometimes referred to as ‘on-demand software’, SaaS is a software licensing and delivery
model where a fully functional and complete software product is delivered to users over
the web on a subscription basis. SaaS offerings are typically accessed by end users through
a web browser (making the user’s operating system largely irrelevant) and can be billed
based on consumption or, more simply, with a flat monthly charge. SaaS offerings are the
most widely visible of all the cloud computing service models. In fact, many users might be
using SaaS products without even realizing it.
Popular products like Office365 and Salesforce have thrust SaaS offerings to the forefront
of the workplace and are used by thousands of businesses every day.
Some of the other service categories which are more commonly classified
as anything as a Service (XAAS) are:
Storage as a Service (SAAS)

Storage as a Service is a business model in which a large company rents space in their
storage infrastructure to a smaller company or individual. The economy of scale in the
service provider's infrastructure theoretically allows them to provide storage much more
cost-effectively than most individuals or corporations can provide their own storage when
the total cost of ownership is considered.
Communications as a Service (CAAS)

Communications as a Service (CAAS) can include voice over IP (VoIP or Internet
telephony), instant messaging (IM), collaboration and video conference applications using
fixed and mobile devices. The CAAS vendor is responsible for
all hardware and software management and offers guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS).
CAAS allows businesses to selectively deploy communications devices and modes on a
pay-as-you-go, as-needed basis.

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Network as a Service (NAAS)
NAAS is a new cloud computing model in which the clients have access to additional
computing resources collocated with switches and routers. NAAS can include flexible and
extended Virtual Private Network (VPN), bandwidth on demand, custom routing,
multicast protocols, security firewall, intrusion detection and prevention, Wide Area
Network (WAN), content monitoring and filtering, and antivirus.
Monitoring as a Service (MAAS)

Monitoring-as-a-service (MAAS) is a framework that facilitates the deployment of
monitoring functionalities for various other services and applications within the cloud.
The most common application for MAAS is online state monitoring, which continuously
tracks certain states of applications, networks, systems, instances or any element that may
be deployable within the cloud. MAAS makes it easier for users to deploy state monitoring
at different levels of Cloud services.
HOW CLOUD COMPUTING WORKS

Assume that you are an executive at a very big corporation. Your particular
responsibilities include making sure that all of your employees have the right hardware
and software they need to do their jobs. Buying computers for everyone isn't enough. You
also have to purchase software or software licenses to give employees the tools they
require. Whenever you have a new hire, you have to buy more software or make sure your
current software license allows another user. It's so stressful that you find it difficult to go
to sleep on your huge pile of money every night.
There may be an alternative for this problem. Rather than owning their own computing
infrastructure or data centers, companies can rent access to anything from applications to
storage from a cloud service provider. One benefit of using cloud computing services is
that firms can avoid the upfront cost and complexity of owning and maintaining their own
IT infrastructure, and instead simply pay for what they use, when they use it.
How it works:
In a cloud computing system, there's a significant workload shift. Local computers no
longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications. The network
of computers that make up the cloud handles them instead. Cloud technology can handle
those heavy loaded tasks automatically easily and efficiently. This brings down the
hardware & software demands. The only thing that the users have to think is the cloud
computing interface software of the system, which works merely as a web-browser in the
front end of the user. The cloud's network takes care of the rest along with the back-end.
One central server is used to manage the entire cloud system architecture. The server is
solely responsible for handling the smoothness of traffic without disruption. Middleware
is a particular type of software that is used to perform processes & also connects
networked computers. Depending on the demand of client/user, the storage is provided
by the cloud technology's service provider.

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The back-end is connected through a virtual network or internet. The backend is used by
service providers that include various servers, computers, virtual machines & data storage
facilities that are combined to form the cloud technology. Its dedicated server handles
each application in the system.
The back-end has two principal responsibilities:
 To provide traffic control mechanisms, security postures & governing the
protocols.
 To employ those internet protocols that are connected to the networked computer
for communication.
The front end includes the cloud computing system or network that is used for accessing
the cloud computing system. The cloud computing systems' interface varies from cloud to
cloud.
Figure: How cloud computing works?
Cloud technology users can use the data center through the company's network or
internet facilities. This technology provides various advantages; as users can access the
cloud from anywhere at any time, but the network bandwidth should have to be more.
This technology not only facilitates desktop and laptop users but the mobile users can also
access their business systems based on their demand.
As we already know that cloud computing is fast and efficient, applications running on the
cloud take advantages of flexibility and computing power, i.e., the speed of processing a
task. Many computers of a single organization work together along with their application
on the cloud as if all the applications were running on a single machine. This flexibility of
accessing the cloud resources allows users to use much or little of the resource based on
the demand.

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ROLE OF NETWORKS IN CLOUD COMPUTING
The confluence of technology advancements and business developments in web services,
computing systems, broadband, Internet and application software over the past decade
has created a perfect storm for cloud computing. The “cloud model” of delivering and
consuming IT functions as services is poised to fundamentally transform the IT industry
and rebalance the inter-relationships among end users, enterprise IT, software companies,
and the service providers.
Emerging capabilities of network have enabled cloud to successfully provide on-demand

services which can unilaterally provision computing capabilities such as servers, network,
OS and storage. Further, it allows resource pooling where multiple users through multiple
tenant model (multiple customer utilizing the same facility) can access different physical
and virtual resources. Additionally, virtualization permits applications, compute and
network resources to reside anywhere, which are then accessed through the network,
thus allowing these resources to be flexible and scalable. Cloud computing also has the
capability to measure the services being offered through the usage of charge back or
metering where it can control and optimize resource usage.
The network plays a key role in the delivery of cloud-based services as it provides a means
to connect every IT system and has the ability to provision and scale these resources to
meet application and end-user requirements. It also is one of strategic element used for
management of security objectives in the cloud as it:
 Enables infrastructure enhancements by supporting server consolidation,
virtualized environment, automated infrastructure and support application mobility.
 Addresses access requirements emerging from thin clients or organization mobility
requirements which may extend to any device at any time from any place.
 Offers application analytics by clustering requirements and enabling remote usage
or community services
 Supports varied traffic patterns through location independent endpoints while
ensuring automated provisioning and orchestration.
With network as a service (NaaS), customers access third-party network transport

services over the Internet and pay for them in a subscription-based model. This allows
providers to allocate resources based on users' changing needs.
Providers offer a range of NaaS technologies, but three services are especially common:
 Virtual Private Networks
 Bandwidth on-demand
 Transport optimization
VPNs allow organizations to extend the function of their secure, on-premises networks to
insecure networks such as the Internet. To protect the integrity and confidentiality of the
data traversing those insecure networks, VPNs implement additional security measures.
While similar to wide area networks, VPNs do not depend on dedicated communication
links between networks.
Bandwidth on-demand is a service that allocates network resources based on the needs of
particular devices on that network. More bandwidth is allocated to nodes experiencing
peak demands, and, as demand subsides, bandwidth is scaled down. Major network and

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telecommunication providers such as Verizon, Century-Link and XO Communications
provision bandwidth on-demand services, which complement compute and storage on-
demand.
One way to minimize the amount of data transmitted over a network is to use a content
distribution network (CDN). CDNs cache content across geographically distributed nodes.
When users access static content from a service, they are routed to the closest available
CDN node. If the requested content is cached on the node, it is delivered to the user
immediately. Otherwise, the content is retrieved from the source system, delivered to the
user and then cached for future reference. There are many CDN providers, including
Amazon, Comcast, Level 3, Microsoft Azure and Verizon.
PROTOCOLS USED IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing protocols is a set of rules that allow 2 electronics item to connect and
exchange information to one another. Used for storage, communication, for encryption,
decryption, networking, security, user-login management etc.
Examples of cloud computing protocols:

1. Gossip Protocol (GP)
2. Connection-less n/w protocol (CLNP)
3. State Routing Protocol (SRP)
4. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
5. Secure Shell Protocol (SSHP)
6. Coverage Enhanced Ethernet Protocol (CEE)
7. Media Transfer Protocol (MTP)
8. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
9. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
10. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
Gossip protocol (GP) is a procedure or process of computer peer-to-peer communication

that is based on the way epidemics spread. Some distributed systems use peer-to-peer
gossip to ensure that data is dispersed to all members of a group. Some ad-hoc networks
have no central registry and the only way to spread common data is to rely on each
member to pass it along to their neighbors.
The term epidemic protocol is sometimes used as a synonym for a gossip protocol, as
gossip spreads information in a manner similar to the spread of a virus in a biological
community. (An epidemic is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of
people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.)
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) is a datagram network protocol. It provides

fundamentally the same underlying service to a transport layer as IP. CLNP provides
essentially the same maximum datagram size, and for those circumstances where
datagrams may need to traverse a network whose maximum packet size is smaller than
the size of the datagram, CLNP provides mechanisms for fragmentation (data unit
identification, fragment/total length and offset).

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Like IP, a checksum computed on the CLNP header provides a verification that the
information used in processing the CLNP datagram has been transmitted correctly, and a
lifetime control mechanism ("Time to Live") imposes a limit on the amount of time a
datagram is allowed to remain in the internet system. As is the case in IP, a set of options
provides control functions needed or useful in some situations but unnecessary for the
most common communications.
State Routing Protocol (SRP) uses software and routing algorithms to determine optimal
network data transfer and communication paths between network nodes. Routing
protocols facilitate router communication and overall network topology understanding.
A routed protocol is used to deliver application traffic. It provides appropriate addressing
information in its internet layer or network layer to allow a packet to be forwarded from
one network to another. Examples of routed protocols are the Internet Protocol (IP)
and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX).
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communication protocol of the

multicast transfer data in the IP networks. IGMP is used by routers and IP hosts for
organizing the network devices in groups. IGMP is a part of IP multicast. IGMP is located at
the network level. It is used only on IPv4 networks. IGMP can be used for one-to-many
networking applications such as online streaming video and online gaming. IGMP is used
by the client computer and the neighboring switches to connect a client and a local router
that implements a multicast. Then between the local and remote routers is used the
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM). With its help the group traffic is routed from the
video server to numerous clients of the group transfer.
Secure Shell Protocol (SSH) is a method for secure remote login from one computer to
another. It provides several alternative options for strong authentication, and it protects
the communications security and integrity with strong encryption. It is a secure
alternative to the non-protected login protocols (such as telnet) and insecure file transfer
methods (such as FTP). The protocol is used in corporate networks for:
 providing secure access for users and automated processes
 interactive and automated file transfers
 issuing remote commands
 managing network infrastructure and other mission-critical system components.
Converged enhanced Ethernet Protocol (CEE) eliminates the dropping of frames due to
congestion and thereby ensures lossless transmission of FCoE (Fibre Channel over
Ethernet) traffic over an Ethernet network. The lossless Ethernet is required for the
reliable transmission of FC data over an Ethernet network. Unlike TCP/IP, the loss of a
single FC frame typically requires the entire FC exchange to be aborted and re‐
transmitted, instead of just re‐sending a particular missing frame. CEE makes a high-speed
(such as 10 Gbps or higher) Ethernet network a viable storage networking option, similar
to an FC SAN.

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Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) is an extension to the Picture Transfer
Protocol (PTP) communications protocol that allows media files to be
transferred atomically to and from portable devices. MTP, the new transmission rules set
by Microsoft. MTP applies not only to USB, but also to IP. But mostly on USB devices. Many
mobile phones are now supported.
MTP is part of the "Windows Media" framework and thus closely related to Windows
Media Player. Whereas PTP was designed for downloading photographs from digital
cameras, Media Transfer Protocol allows the transfer of music files on digital audio
players and media files on portable media players, as well as personal information
on personal digital assistants. MTP is a key part of digital rights management (DRM)
service for the Windows Media platform. In 2011, it became the standard method to
transfer files from/to Android.
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is a set of open technologies for
instant messaging, presence, multi-party chat, voice and video calls, collaboration,
lightweight middleware, content syndication, and generalized routing of XML data. The
XMPP protocol is based on the typical client server architecture, in which the XMPP client
uses the XMPP server with the TCP socket.
XMPP provides a general framework for messaging across a network, offering a multitude
of applications beyond traditional instant messaging (IM) and the distribution of presence
data. It enables the discovery of services residing locally or across a network, as well as
finding out about the availability of these services.
XMPP is well-matched for cloud computing where virtual machines, networks and
firewalls would otherwise present obstacles to alternative service discovery and
presence-based solutions. Cloud computing and storage systems rely on diverse forms of
communication over multiple levels, including not only messaging between systems to
relay state but also the migration of the distribution of larger objects, like storage or
virtual machines.
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is an open standard application

layer protocol for message-oriented middleware. The protocol has been adopted for a
broad variety of messaging applications, from classic enterprise messaging to application
telemetry handling to attaching IoT devices to the cloud.
One of the protocol’s core strengths is that it provides a very flexible foundation for
creating multiplexed and reliable message transfer capabilities between peers, while
leaving the interactions pattern choice wide open. AMQP can be used for unidirectional
message transfers as well as for request/response interactions, and two connected parties
can easily initiate new conversations from either end.
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an evolved version

of IGRP that addresses the demands of large-scale internetworks and the changes
in network technology that have been developed since the implementation of IGRP. EIGRP
protocol is very flexible and it supports both IPv4 and IPv6. It is an advanced distance-
vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network for automating
routing decisions and configuration. It is also considered as a Hybrid Routing Protocol
because it has characteristics of both Distance Vector and Link State Routing Protocols.

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ROLE OF WEB SERVICES IN CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing is a style of computing in which virtualized and standard resources,
software and data are provided as a service over the Internet. Consumers and businesses
can use the cloud to store data and applications and can interact with the Cloud using
mobiles, desktop computers, laptops etc. via the Internet from anywhere and at any time.
Modern day business applications use variety of programming platforms to develop web-
based applications. Since they are built using different development languages, it becomes
really difficult to ensure accurate communication between applications. Web services
provide a common platform that allows multiple applications built on various
programming languages to have the ability to communicate with each other.
A web service is a collection of open protocols and standards used for exchanging data
between applications or systems. This interoperability (e.g., between Java and Python, or
Windows and Linux applications) is due to the use of open standards. Web service is a
standardized medium to propagate communication between the client and server
applications on the World Wide Web.
The main component of a web service is the data which is transferred between the client
and the server, and that is XML. XML (Extensible markup language) is a counterpart to
HTML and easy to understand the intermediate language that is understood by many
programming languages. So when applications talk to each other, they actually talk in
XML. This provides a common platform for application developed in various programming
languages to talk to each other.
A web service enables communication among various applications by using open

standards such as HTML, XML, WSDL, and SOAP. A web service takes the help of:
 XML to tag the data
 SOAP to transfer a message
 WSDL to describe the availability of service.
Architecture of Web Services

The architecture of web service interacts among three roles: service provider, service
requester, and service registry. The interaction involves the three operations: publish,
find, and bind. These operations and roles act upon the web services artifacts.
Figure: Web Services Roles, Operations and Artifacts

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Web Service Roles
Service Provider: The service provider implements the service and makes it available on
the Internet.
Service Requestor: Service requestor is the application that is looking for and invoking or
initiating an interaction with a service. The browser plays the requester role, driven by a
consumer or a program without a user interface.
Service Registry: The registry provides a central place where developers can publish new
services or find existing ones.
Operations in Web Service Architecture
Three behaviors that take place in the micro-services:

 Publication of service descriptions (Publish)
 Finding of services descriptions (Find)
 Invoking of service based on service descriptions (Bind)
Components of Web Services
The basic web services platform is XML + HTTP. Web Services using SOAP, REST, and JSON.
All the standard web services work using the following components:
 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
 UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)
 WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) was originally part of the specification that included
the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and Universal Description, Discovery, and
Integration (UDDI). It is used now without WSDL and UDDI. SOAP essentially provides the
envelope for sending the Web Services messages. SOAP generally uses HTTP, but other
means of connection may be used.
REST (Representation State Transfer) appeals to developers because it has a simpler style
that makes it easier to use than SOAP. It also less verbose so that less volume is sent when
communicating.
While both SOAP and REST use XML for interchange, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
uses a subset of JavaScript.
WSDL (Web Services Description Language) forms the basis for the original Web Services
specification. It consists a service provider and a service consumer. A service provider
describes its service using WSDL. A service consumer issues one or more queries to the
repository to locate a service and determine how to communicate with that service. The
service consumer uses the WSDL to send a request to the service provider.
UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) registry was intended to

eventually serve as a means of "discovering" Web Services described using WSDL. The
idea is that the UDDI registry can be searched in various ways to obtain contact

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information and the Web Services available for various organizations. Nevertheless, even
without the discovery portion, the UDDI registry is a way to keep up-to-date on the Web
Services your organization currently uses.
SERVICE MODELS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

The future of computing is in the cloud. What it implies is that you adapt your business to
fit in the cloud model. Once you sign up for cloud service models Saas, IaaS, Paas, you can
influence its wider possibilities to bring the flexibility and efficiency that pushes your
business growth.
Over the years cloud services have witnessed an exponential growth worldwide. Although
cloud computing has evolved over the time it has been majorly divided into three broad
service categories:
 Software as a Service (SAAS)

 Platform as a Service (PAAS)
 Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS)
Figure: Cloud Service Models
Their basic functions can be summarized in the phrases 'Host', 'Build', and 'Consume'. Each
offers a different level of flexibility and control over the product that could serve the needs
of various businesses. Each also varies in its relationship to your existing IT infrastructure.
Because of the wide variances between the three, it is important to determine which model
will suit your business's needs the best.
Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS is also known as "on-demand software". It is a software distribution model in which
services are hosted by a cloud service provider. These services are available to end-users
over the internet so, the end-users do not need to install any software on their devices to
access these services. The applications run on the vendor's cloud, which they, of course,
control and maintain. The applications are available for use with a paid licensed
subscription, or for free with limited access.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
SaaS does not require any installations or downloads in your existing infrastructure, which
in turn eliminates the need to install, maintain, and update applications on each of your
computers.
SAAS has become an increasingly prevalent delivery model as underlying technologies that
support Web services and service-oriented architecture (SOA) mature and new
development approaches, such as Ajax, become popular. SAAS is closely related to the ASP
(Application service provider) and on-demand computing software delivery models.
Many important tasks like accounting, sales, invoicing and planning all can be performed
using SaaS. SaaS is the ideal choice for small-scale businesses who do not have the
necessary budget and resources to deploy on-premise hardware. Besides, companies that
require frequent collaboration on their projects will find SaaS platforms useful.
There are the following services provided by SaaS providers -
Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services to start-up the
business. The SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning),
CRM (Customer Relationship Management), billing, and sales.
Document Management - SaaS document management is a software application offered

by a third party (SaaS providers) to create, manage, and track electronic documents. For
example: Slack, Samepage, Box, and Zoho Forms.
Social Networks - As we all know, social networking sites are used by the general public,
so social networking service providers use SaaS for their convenience and handle the
general public's information.
Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail services,
many e-mail providers offering their services using SaaS.
CRM, Office Suite, Email, games, etc. are the software applications which are provided as a
service through Internet. The companies like Google, Microsoft provide their applications
as a service to the end users.
Advantages of SaaS
1. Affordable: On-premise hardware is not required for this model, which keeps the
costs associated low. Small-scale businesses might find this cloud platform
particularly appealing.
2. Accessible Everywhere: Cloud-based applications are accessible everywhere

that there is internet access. As such, companies that require frequent
collaboration find SaaS platforms useful as their employees can easily access the
programs that they need.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Ready-to-Use: With SaaS, the programs you need are already fully developed and
ready to use. The set-up time for SaaS programs is greatly decreased from the
other two types of cloud-based platforms.
4. Low maintenance required: Software as a service removes the need for

installation, set-up, and daily maintenance for the organizations. The initial set-up
cost for SaaS is typically less than the enterprise software. SaaS vendors are pricing
their applications based on some usage parameters, such as a number of users
using the application. So SaaS does easy to monitor and automatic updates.
5. No special software or hardware versions required: All users will have the
same version of the software and typically access it through the web browser. SaaS
reduces IT support costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance.
Disadvantages of SaaS
1. Lack of Control: With SaaS, the vendor has control over the programs that your
company is using. If you do not feel comfortable releasing the control of your
critical business applications to another party, perhaps SaaS is not the best option
for your business.
2. Slower Speeds: Relying upon internet access to function, SaaS applications tend
to be slower than client/server applications. However, these programs are still
typically quick, though not instantaneous.
3. Variable Functions & Features: In many cases, SaaS cloud-based applications

have less functionality and features than their client/server counterparts. This
disadvantage, however, may be void if your business only needs the features
offered in the SaaS version to function.
4. Switching between SaaS vendors is difficult: Switching SaaS vendors involves

the difficult and slow task of transferring the very large data files over the internet
and then converting and importing them into another SaaS also.
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
PaaS is a programming platform for developers. This platform is generated for the
programmers to create, test, run and manage the applications. A developer can easily
write the application and deploy it directly into PaaS layer. Implementing PaaS simplifies
the process of enterprise software development. The virtual runtime environment and
deployment tools provided by PaaS give a favorable space for developing and testing
applications. The entire resources offered in the form of servers, storage and networking
are manageable either by the company or a platform provider.
With this model, a third-party vendor provides your business with a platform upon which
your business can develop and run applications. Because the vendor is hosting the cloud
infrastructure which supports the platform, PaaS eliminates your need to install in-house
hardware or software. Your business would not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure, but you would maintain control over the deployed applications (unlike

__________________________________________________________________________________________
with SaaS). PaaS providers provide the Programming languages, Application frameworks,
Databases, and Other tools.
AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, Force.com, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud,
OpenShift Google Apps Engine(GAE), Windows Azure and SalesForce.com are the
examples of PaaS.
To understand in a simple terms, let compare this with painting a picture, where you are
provided with paint colors, different paint brushes and paper by your school teacher and
you just have to draw a beautiful picture using those tools.
Advantages of PaaS
1. Rapid Time-to-Market: PaaS simplifies application management by eliminating

the need to maintain and control the underlying infrastructure. As a result,
applications can be developed and deployed faster.
2. Cost Effective Development: A cloud-based platform provides your business

with a base upon which to build your applications, as opposed to building from
nothing, thus dramatically reducing the costs associated.
3. Scalability: Cloud-based platforms offer reusable code which, of course, makes it

easier to develop and deploy applications, but also offers increased scalability.
4. Prebuilt business functionality: Some PaaS vendors also provide already defined
business functionality so that users can avoid building everything from very
scratch and hence can directly start the projects only.
Disadvantages of PaaS
1. Vendor Lock-In: It is difficult to migrate many of the services provided by one

PaaS product to a competing product, thus making it hard to switch PaaS vendors.
Downtime and additional expenses are likely to occur when switching from one
PaaS provider to another.
2. Security & Compliance: In the PaaS model, the vendor will store most, or even
all, of the application's data. As such, it is imperative to assess the security
measures of the provider. This, though, often proves difficult as the vendor may
be storing their databases via a third party, thus leaving you uninformed of the
safety of your data.
3. Lack of Compatibility: It is possible that your current infrastructure may not be

compatible with a cloud platform. If some elements cannot be cloud-enabled, you
may have to switch from your current apps and programs to cloud-compatible
counterparts in order to fully integrate. Alternately, you may need to leave these
elements out of the cloud, and within your current infrastructure.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure

managed over the internet. The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid
the cost and complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers. It is one of the
layers of the cloud computing platform. It allows customers to outsource their IT
infrastructures such as servers, networking, processing, storage, virtual machines, and
other resources. Customers access these resources on the Internet using a pay-as-per use
model.
IaaS is a complete package for computing. It provides computing infrastructure like virtual
server space, network connections, bandwidth, load balancers and IP addresses. The pool
of hardware resource is extracted from multiple servers and networks usually distributed
across numerous data centers. This provides redundancy and reliability to IaaS.
In traditional hosting services, IT infrastructure was rented out for a specific period of
time, with pre-determined hardware configuration. The client paid for the configuration
and time, regardless of the actual use. With the help of the IaaS cloud computing platform
layer, clients can dynamically scale the configuration to meet changing requirements and
are billed only for the services actually used. IaaS cloud computing platform layer
eliminates the need for every organization to maintain the IT infrastructure.
IaaS provider provides the following services:

1. Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units and
virtual main memory for the Vms that is provisioned to the end- users.
2. Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files.
3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components such as
routers, switches, and bridges for the Vms.
4. Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer.
Advantages of IaaS
1. Eliminates Capital Expenses: Employing a cloud-based infrastructure eliminates

the capital expense of deploying in-house hardware and software. Additionally,
IaaS typically is offered as a pay-as-you-go model, with charges based either in
time, or in the amount of virtual machine space that was used.
2. Shared infrastructure: IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical
infrastructure.
3. Web access to the resources: Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the
internet.
4. Pay-as-per-use model: IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-

use basis. The users are required to pay for what they have used.
5. Focus on the core business: IaaS providers focus on the organization's core
business rather than on IT infrastructure.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. On-demand Scalability: On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of
IaaS. Using IaaS, users do not worry about to upgrade software and troubleshoot
the issues related to hardware components.
7. Supports Flexibility: IaaS is useful in supporting workloads that are temporary,

may change unexpectedly, or are experimental. Like all workloads, these loads
need infrastructure to support them, however it is expensive to commit to
additional permanent in-house infrastructure for a temporary need. Cloud-based
infrastructure answers the need for flexibility.
8. Simple Deployment: It is much easier for your cloud provider to deploy your
servers, processing, storage, and networking in the IaaS model than it is for you to
deploy these elements in-house, with no previous no base to build off of. As a
result, your uptime will increase as your systems will be available for use more
rapidly.
Disadvantages of IaaS
1. Security: Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS providers
are not able to provide 100% security.
2. Maintenance & Upgrade: Although IaaS service providers maintain the software,
but they do not upgrade the software for some organizations.
3. Interoperability issues: It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the

other, so the customers might face problem related to vendor lock-in.
4. Inconsistency of Flexibility: The availability and performance of the workload is

highly dependent upon the provider. If the IaaS providers experiences internal or
external downtime, your workloads will also be affected.
5. Costly: IaaS models are typically much more costly than PaaS and SaaS models
because they offer much more support to your business than the other two cloud
models. However, they can still be cost-effective based on their utility to your
business.
DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Compute
Engine (GCE), Rackspace, Sify Technologies and Cisco Metacloud.
Some of the other service categories which are more commonly classified as Anything as a
Service (XAAS) are:
Storage as a Service (SAAS)

Storage as a Service is a business model in which a large company rents space in their
storage infrastructure to a smaller company or individual. The economy of scale in the
service provider's infrastructure theoretically allows them to provide storage much more
cost-effectively than most individuals or corporations can provide their own storage when
the total cost of ownership is considered. Storage as a Service is generally seen as a good

__________________________________________________________________________________________
alternative for a small or mid-sized business that lacks the capital budget and/or technical
personnel to implement and maintain their own storage infrastructure.
Communications As A Service (CAAS)

Communications as a Service (CAAS) is an outsourced enterprise communications solution
that can be leased from a single vendor. Such communications can include voice over IP
(VoIP or Internet telephony), instant messaging (IM), collaboration and video conference
applications using fixed and mobile devices. The CAAS vendor is responsible for
all hardware and software management and offers guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS).
CAAS allows businesses to selectively deploy communications devices and modes on a pay-
as-you-go, as-needed basis.
Network As A Service (NAAS)

Network as a Service (NAAS), a framework that integrates current cloud computing
offerings with direct, yet secure, client access to the network infrastructure. NAAS is a new
cloud computing model in which the clients have access to additional computing resources
collocated with switches and routers. NAAS can include flexible and extended Virtual
Private Network (VPN), bandwidth on demand, custom routing, multicast protocols,
security firewall, intrusion detection and prevention, Wide Area Network (WAN), content
monitoring and filtering, and antivirus.
Monitoring As A Service (MAAS)

Monitoring-as-a-service (MAAS) is a framework that facilitates the deployment of
monitoring functionalities for various other services and applications within the cloud. The
most common application for MAAS is online state monitoring, which continuously tracks
certain states of applications, networks, systems, instances or any element that may be
deployable within the cloud. MAAS makes it easier for users to deploy state monitoring at
different levels of Cloud services.
Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
IaaS Paas SaaS
It provides a virtual data It provides virtual platforms It provides web software

center to store information and tools to create, test, and and apps to complete
and create platforms for app deploy apps. business tasks.
development, testing, and
deployment.
It provides access to resources It provides runtime It provides software as a

such as virtual machines, environments and deployment service to the end-users.
virtual storage, etc. tools for applications.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
IaaS is there to provide you PaaS is most often built on top SaaS offers ready-to-use,
with maximum flexibility when of an IaaS platform to reduce out-of-the-box solutions
it comes to hosting custom- the need for system that meet a particular
built apps, as well as a administration. It allows you to business need (such as
providing a general data center focus on app development website or email).
for data storage. instead of infrastructure
management.
It is used by network It is used by developers. It is used by end users.

architects.
Figure: Relationship between SaaS, PaaS and IaaS
Knowing which cloud service model is appropriate for you is much like the decision
between public, private, and hybrid cloud: it all depends on your situation. You might
choose to start with one cloud computing service model or find a need for all three: that
depends on the size and complexity of your business.
Common Examples of SaaS, PaaS, & IaaS
Platform Type Common Examples
SaaS Google Apps, Dropbox, Salesforce, Cisco WebEx, Concur,

GoToMeeting
PaaS AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com,

Google App Engine, Apache Stratos, OpenShift
IaaS DigitalOcean, Linode, Rackspace, Amazon Web Services (AWS),

Cisco Metapod, Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (GCE)

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Summary of Key Differences between SaaS, PaaS and IaaS
Figure: Key Differences
Deployment Models in Cloud Computing

A cloud deployment model is a ‘configuration’ of certain cloud environment parameters
such as the storage size, accessibility and proprietorship. Cloud deployment refers to the
enablement of SaaS (software as a service), PaaS (platform as a service) or IaaS
(infrastructure as a service) solutions that may be accessed on demand by end users or
consumers. A cloud deployment model refers to the type of cloud computing architecture
a cloud solution will be implemented on. Cloud deployment includes all of the required
installation and configuration steps that must be implemented before user provisioning
can occur. To select the one that suits you the most, it is recommended based on
computing, networking, storage requirements, available resources, TCO expectations and
business goals. There are the following 4 types of cloud that you can deploy according to
the organization's needs-
o Public Cloud
o Private Cloud
o Hybrid Cloud
o Community Cloud

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure: Types of CLOUD
PUBLIC CLOUD
A cloud is called public when services are rendered by third-party providers over a
network open for public use, meaning that you share the same hardware, software, and
network devices with other clients of the same provider (other companies, for example).
In a public cloud, because you are only “renting” a space on the cloud from a third-party
provider, he will be the one assuming the costs and the maintenance of the whole
infrastructure. As a client you are paying for this service, you have no responsibilities over
the management of the cloud – you only use it to store your data, and pay as you go.
It is also popular among businesses of all sizes for their web applications, webmail, and
storage of non-sensitive data.
Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM SmartCloud Enterprise, Google App
Engine, IBM’s Blue, Salesforce Heroku, Windows Azure Services Platform.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Benefits of Public Cloud
 Cost Effective: - Since public cloud shares same resources with large number of
customers it turns out inexpensive.
 Reliability: - The public cloud employs large number of resources from different
locations. If any of the resources fails, public cloud can employ another one.
 Flexibility: - The public cloud can smoothly integrate with private cloud, which gives
customers a flexible approach.
 Location Independence: - Public cloud services are delivered through Internet,
ensuring location independence.
 Utility Style Costing: - Public cloud is also based on pay-per-use model and
resources are accessible whenever customer needs them.
 High Scalability: - Cloud resources are made available on demand from a pool of
resources, i.e., they can be scaled up or down according the requirement.
Disadvantages of Public Cloud

 Low Security: - Public Cloud is less secure because resources are shared publicly.
 Performance: - In the public cloud, performance depends upon the speed of internet
connectivity.
 Less customizable: - Public cloud is less customizable than the private cloud.
PRIVATE CLOUD
Private Cloud also termed as an internal cloud or corporate cloud; which allows the
accessibility of systems and services within a specific boundary or organization. The cloud
platform is implemented in a cloud-based secure environment that is guarded by
advanced firewalls under the surveillance of the IT department that belongs to a particular
organization. Private clouds permit only authorized users, providing the organizations
greater control over data and its security. Business organizations that have dynamic,
critical, secured, management demand based requirement should adopt Private Cloud.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
In a private cloud, resources are not shared with other organizations, but this also means
that the company using it is entirely responsible for its management, maintenance, and
regular updates – which can also get significantly more expensive than public ones.
Example: HP Data Centers, Microsoft, Elastra-private cloud, and Ubuntu, Apache, and
OpenStack.
Benefits of Private Cloud

 High Security and Privacy: - Private cloud operations are not available to general
public and resources are shared from distinct pool of resources. Therefore, it ensures
high security and privacy.
 More Control: - The private cloud has more control on its resources and hardware
than public cloud because it is accessed only within an organization.
 Efficiency: - The private cloud resources are not as cost effective as resources in public
clouds but they offer more efficiency than public cloud resources.
Disadvantages of Private Cloud

 High cost: - The cost is higher than a public cloud because set up and maintain
hardware resources are costly.
 Restricted area of operations: - As we know, private cloud is accessible within the
organization, so the area of operations is limited.
 Limited scalability: - Private clouds are scaled only within the capacity of internal
hosted resources.
 Skilled people: - Skilled people are required to manage and operate cloud services.
HYBRID CLOUD
Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private clouds. The main aim to combine these
clouds (Public and Private) is to create a unified, automated, and well-managed computing
environment. In the Hybrid cloud, non-critical activities are performed by the public
cloud and critical activities are performed by the private cloud. It allows companies to mix
and match the facets of all three types that best suit their requirements. Mainly, a hybrid
cloud is used in finance, healthcare, and Universities.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
This model also offers the so-called “cloud-bursting” option – simply put, if an application
or a resource on the private cloud reaches a spike in demand, the company can move it to
the public cloud to reap the benefits of additional computing resources and higher
capacity.
The best hybrid cloud provider companies are Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Cisco, NetApp,
VMware and RackSpace.
Benefits of Hybrid Cloud
 Scalability: - It offers features of both, the public cloud scalability and the private cloud
scalability.
 Flexibility: - It offers secure resources and scalable public resources.
 Cost Efficiency: - Public clouds are more cost effective than private ones. Therefore,
hybrid clouds can be cost saving.
 Security: - The private cloud in hybrid cloud ensures higher degree of security.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud

 Networking Issues: - Networking becomes complex due to presence of private and public
cloud.
 Security Compliance: - It is necessary to ensure that cloud services are compliant with
security policies of the organization.
 Infrastructure Dependency: - The hybrid cloud model is dependent on internal IT
infrastructure; therefore it is necessary to ensure redundancy across data centres.
COMMUNITY CLOUD
The community cloud is a kind of private cloud for organizations that share common
interests. This cloud can exist on-premises or off-premises. Community Cloud allows
system and services to be accessible by group of organizations. It shares the infrastructure
between several organizations from a specific community. It is owned, managed, and
operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third party, or a combination
of them.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
A community cloud deployment model resembles a private one to a large extent; the only
difference is the set of users. While a private type implies that only one company owns the
server, in the case of a community one, several organizations with similar backgrounds
share the infrastructure and related resources.
Example: Example of such a community is where organizations/firms are there along

with the financial institutions/banks. Our government organization within India may
share computing infrastructure in the cloud to manage data.
Benefits of Community Cloud

 Cost effective:- Community cloud is cost effective because the whole cloud is shared
between several organizations or a community.
 Flexible and Scalable:- The community cloud is flexible and scalable because it is
compatible with every user. It allows the users to modify the documents as per their
needs and requirement.
 Security:- Community cloud is more secure than the public cloud but less secure than
the private cloud.
 Sharing infrastructure:- Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources,
infrastructure, and other capabilities among various organizations.
Disadvantages of Community Cloud

 Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization.
 Slow adoption to data
 The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared among all community
members.
 Community Cloud is costly than the public cloud.
 Sharing responsibilities among organizations is difficult.
The comparative analysis of the best cloud deployment models;
Public Private Community Hybrid

Ease of setup Requires IT Requires IT Requires IT
Easy
and use proficiency proficiency proficiency
Data security Comparatively
Low High High
and privacy high
Little to Comparatively Comparatively
Data control High
none high high
Comparatively
Reliability Vulnerable High High
high
Scalability
High High Fixed capacity High
and flexibility

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Cost-
Cost is shared Cheaper than a
The intensive,
Cost- among private model but
cheapest the most
effectiveness community more costly than
one expensive
members a public one
one
Demand for
in-house No Depends Depends Depends
hardware
Careful consideration of all business and technical requirements, as well as of each

model’s peculiarity, is a prerequisite for a successful shift to the cloud. However, it is quite
a challenging task, which is why we recommend opting for professional cloud deployment
services.
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CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) UNIT-II PUNIT SONI

8th Semester, CSE Asstt Prof, CSE

CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented

Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts:

Figure: Cloud Computing Architecture

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 1

 It is the responsibility of the back end to provide built-in security mechanism,

Components of Cloud Computing Architecture

There are the following components of cloud computing architecture:

Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:

i. Software as a Service (SaaS) – It is also known as cloud application services. Mostly,

iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – It is also known as cloud infrastructure

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 2

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 3

Figure: Cloud Computing Stack

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 4

Figure: Comparison of Cloud computing and Client-Server Architecture

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 5

SERVICES PROVIDED AT VARIOUS LEVELS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service)

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 6

PaaS (Platform As A Service)

SaaS (Software As A Service)

Storage as a Service (SAAS)

Communications as a Service (CAAS)

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 7

Monitoring as a Service (MAAS)

HOW CLOUD COMPUTING WORKS

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 8

Figure: How cloud computing works?

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 9

Emerging capabilities of network have enabled cloud to successfully provide on-demand

With network as a service (NaaS), customers access third-party network transport

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 10

PROTOCOLS USED IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Examples of cloud computing protocols:

Gossip protocol (GP) is a procedure or process of computer peer-to-peer communication

Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) is a datagram network protocol. It provides

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 11

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communication protocol of the

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 12

Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is an open standard application

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an evolved version

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 13

A web service enables communication among various applications by using open

Architecture of Web Services

Figure: Web Services Roles, Operations and Artifacts

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 14

Operations in Web Service Architecture

Three behaviors that take place in the micro-services:

Components of Web Services

UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) registry was intended to

CLOUD COMPUTING (CSE-420N) Page 15

SERVICE MODELS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

 Software as a Service (SAAS)

Figure: Cloud Service Models

Software as a Service (SaaS)